DE928041C - Hydraulic knife star dough dividing and molding machine - Google Patents

Description

Hydraulically operating knife star dough dividing and molding machine The object of the invention is to improve a knife star dough dividing and molding machine according to patent 923 242 with individual hydraulically operated drive units, each consisting of cylinder and double-acting piston, for the press plate, knife network and operative drive coupling, which are preferably can be formed by a crank drive that can be quickly changed from zero to a certain value and back again with a constantly rotating crankshaft, and a piston slide controlling the fluid flow and return of the individual drive units as well as an externally operated first switch connected to the latter, that an additional possibility of movement of the piston valve exerted by other impulses is not hindered.

The functional connections between the moving work elements of the Pressing and dividing head and the active drive on the one hand and the piston slide of the Control organ on the other hand, according to the main patent by somehow designed, mostly still made mechanical transmission means that the slide in certain Endstelhvngen affect the first-mentioned parts of the work so that this will initiate the next work phase. The Schlebersystem is in this case furthermore preferably separated in terms of tasks in two slide valves "diejals piston valve flow-wise" are connected in series and of which the one closest to the pressure medium inlet as a changeover slide for the purpose of switching from forward to reverse, the other against it as: the actual slide switch, which has the task of following the desired one Handling of the work processes in each case the pressure medium from a drive unit to switch to the other, subsequent.

The invention aims to considerably improve the device according to the main patent to simplify. While the subject of the main patent mechanical transmission means from the working parts of the machine to the control spool for switching them on are used in the most varied of switching positions, it means an essential one Simplification, if one of these mechanical means of transmission for the most part exempted within the meaning of the present invention.

The invention is primarily characterized in that the Feed line for switching on the active movement of the crank mechanism with hydraulic fluid cylinder side of the associated drive unit to be supplied not from the piston valve housing, but from the supply line, which is decisive for the operation of the knife network branches off with the interposition of a spring-loaded pressure relief valve and that the line that acts as a reverse LawE line when the active drive is switched on - first of all by a piston valve position associated with this only by the. the latter : blocked branch line with the valve body, secondly through one with one Relief line provided by the shut-off device kept closed by spring pressure with the main return line to the liquid collector and thirdly via a. only by influx of the aforementioned, from switching on the active drive as Return line acting line check valve to be opened also with .the flow line connected to the cylinder undersides of the drive units actuating the press plate is, with a spring-loaded, of a. Part of the piston rod of the active crank drive unit at the desired end point the movement of this drive piston actuated intermediate member, z. B. a lever is provided which acts on the one hand on the shut-off device in the opening direction and on the other hand about a. Intermediate linkage so with the first switch in the operating position locking locking bolt. that is positively connected by the movement of the lever the lock is released and the spring-loaded initial switch together with .dem piston valve in its both the pressing and dividing head as well as the crank mechanism The initial control position returning to the starting position automatically returns. Compared to the device according to the main patent, this is first and foremost a switching process is saved at all, by removing the active crank pin by means of a adjusted line branched off from the supply line for the cutting drive and in this way the connection "of a special flow line for this drive making the control housing superfluous and secondly by switching on the existing single piston valve without mechanical external transmission means from pressing to .das cutting also through a liquid pressure line as causes switching line branching off from the flow line at the press drive.

In connection with the task according to the invention, on mechanical Transmission means and switching operations of the device according to the main patent : save and be able to easily adapt the machine to all operating conditions, stand. further features of the invention, including e.g. B. consist of that either the area ratio between the total when lifting the press plate effective drive piston area of this piston, and that for the adjustment of the crank pin from its zero position, the relevant pressure area of the associated active crank pin ver: control piston or the ratio of the cylinder volumes of the two drive units in question so. is selected that the last-mentioned piston when setting the active circle radius through the corresponding line sequence under the pistons of the press plate drive units in the cylinder displaced amount of liquid to raise the press plate in the position creating the active space for all dough piece sizes to be produced with the machine be able to. Another relief line branches off via a throttle valve the branch line used as the flow line for switching on the active drive between the valve formerly known as the pressure relief valve and the cylinder of the Effective drive unit after the main return line. The invention is also characterized through one of the upper cylinder sides of the drive units for moving the press plate with one end of the slide housing connecting through one of the press drive side from a spring-loaded additional pressure relief valve that can be opened when excess pressure occurs Switching line to be shut off for switching the control spool into the next, switching position causing the cutting. Provision can be made for a controllability of the maximum pressure in the used for pressing the dough Flow line, e.g. B. by changeability of the spring tension of the latter Pressure relief valve in connection with one arranged in the press feed line Pressure gauge.

Further features of the invention and details of the same The advantages achieved result from the following description of the in the drawing for different operating states illustrated embodiment. the Fig. 1, 2 and 3 show partially schematically the individual parts of the hydraulic Drive and the interaction of these parts through the corresponding control means on average, namely in = three different work phases or switch positions.

As can be seen from the drawing, the movements are used to carry out a complete working cycle of the well-known knife star dough dividing and molding machine essential machine parts, such as the press plate, knife net and knitting crank drive separate hydraulic drive units executed one after the other in the desired sequence.

The drive units all consist of cylinders with in Pistons displaceable in both directions, the piston rods of which are fixed to the relevant to be moved are connected.

The drive unit for moving the press plate body 6 ', with the the actual press plate 6 is connected by the known short columns a twin cylinder unit with two cylinders i i, in which the pistons 8 'are displaceable are. The piston rods 8 provide the fixed connection with the press plate body 6 'ago. The jacket ring 5 hangs on the press plate body in a known manner.

The one stored between the individual press plate fields, on the Press plate retractable knife net 7 is driven by a separate drive unit moves the one between the two other cylinders i i arranged cylinder 12 finite piston 9 'and piston rod 9 to which the knife network 7 is attached is. The upper piston rod end protruding from the cylinder i 2 has one axially adjustable stop i o, which together with the top surface of the cylinder 12 represents a stroke limiter for the movement of the knife net downwards. By this stop can be the lowest position of the knife net compared to the one below it Dough support plate can be precisely regulated.

The drive unit for the effective crank drive likewise consists of a cylinder 13 with a piston 15, on whose piston rod above either a Ku: pplungsverstellglied a clutch with a permanently rotating, non-adjustable crank drive or the known adjusting rod radially for a in a circumferential carrier head - Zero up to a maximum value displaceable crank pin 3 is attached. In both cases, the crank pin 3 engages in the active support plate 4. As can be seen from the schematic drawing, the carrier head or the unchangeable crankshaft is set in rotation by a suspended motor i by means of a V-belt drive. The piston rod 14 of the piston 15 is also passed down through the cylinder base and carries a hook-shaped driver 14 'at its lowermost end. In addition, a tension spring 16 is provided for the automatic return of the crank pin 3 to its zero position, which tends to pull the entire adjustment rod with the piston 15 downwards.

Since all of the drawings are schematic, there is none the arrangements shown are absolutely binding. Of course, any Deviations with regard to the arrangement and individual design of the drive, transmission and adjustment units and also with regard to the pipeline routing explained below and equipment for the final construction.

A centrifugal pump 2 is also directly coupled to the motor i, the oil required for the entire hydraulic control from one of the drawings apparent oil container sucks and presses into the flow line 46. The latter opens into the valve housing S, of which the Main return line 53 goes out. From the valve housing by means of the control slide 34 provided with bobbins and jacket grooves both the distribution of the pressure oil delivered through the feed line 46 to the various cylinder sides the drive units as well as the return line from the other cylinder sides Return oil pressed out by the pistons of the drive units into the main return line 53.

To carry out the pressing movement of the press plate 6 is used Line 48 as a flow line, the two branches 48 'to the upper ends of the Cylinder i owns i. The lower ends of these two cylinders, however, are through a line 42 is connected to the valve housing S. The latter works when pressing of the dough, so when lowering the press plate 6, as a return line. In order to the pressing movement of the press plate 6 and the knife net 7 are lowered at the same time must and the knife net 7 is also involved when lifting the pressing and dividing head, is also the underside of the cylinder 12 of the drive unit for the knife net 7 connected to line 42.

In contrast, the top of the cylinder 12 is for the knife network drive connected by a separate line 5o with the valve housing S to the additional Relative movement of the knife network 7 with respect to the press plate 6 for the purpose of cutting of the compressed dough.

Between the cylinder 13 of the drive unit for the active crank drive and the valve housing S consists of a line opening at its upper end 51 'a direct connection to the valve housing S, while the lower end of the cylinder through a line 51 with the valve housing S in connection. The special Interconnections of these two last-mentioned lines 51 and 51 'become explained in detail later.

The individual movements of Preßpl, atte, knife net and active crank drive are caused by the piston slide 34 one after the other in the required order by shifting the latter between three different axial positions, of which the starting position marked I in the drawings coincides with the return point IV. A mechanical switch lever 28, 3o is only required for the initial switch-on, for which the movement of the piston speed switch 34 from the initial position I (see Fig. I) to position II (see Fig. 2) is required At the end of a link 32 is seated, in the slot of which a driving pin of a rod 33 connected to the piston slide 34 engages. The various positions of the piston slide 34 can be fixed by any known means, which is absolutely necessary because of the link connection. A tension spring 31 acts on the lever system 28,3o and constantly strives to turn it clockwise. After switching on once, a locking bolt 27 sliding past an inclined surface of a lever arm 29 of the switch 28 and guided in a part 26 of the machine frame serves to maintain the switched-on position of the switch 28 (see FIG. 2). This Sp.erriege127 -will only be withdrawn at the end of the knitting process by an intermediate rod 23, 24, 25, which is attached to the. the lower end of a T-shaped lever 18 engages. The latter is pivotably mounted on a pin 19. At the ends of the horizontal part 18 'there is a screw drive i9' and 17 that are guided vertically in the machine frame. in the vertical direction through the lever. In addition, a spring 20 is provided, which strives to pivot the T-shaped lever 18 continuously counterclockwise. The screw drives 17 and ig make it possible to change the spacing of the screw envelopes, which serve as stops or drivers or plungers, from the helical engagement points of the screw drives. The screw 17 is influenced by the driver hook 14 'of the drive piston 15 for the adjustment of the active crank pin, so that after completion or towards the end of the stroke movement of the piston i 5, the lever system 18 is pivoted clockwise by the driver 14' and the locking bolt 27 is withdrawn in order to make the return of the switch lever 28 under the action of the spring 31 in its starting position (section i) possible. The lower end of the other screw drive i9 'influences a shut-off device 22 equipped with a control piston. Gegen .die effect of a spring 21 in the housing 2o' of the shut-off device which constantly seeks to push the control piston in the direction of the screw drive ig '. This clearly describes the most important mechanical relationships between the parts of the machine to be controlled.

A switching line 38 branches off from the line 48 via a through a Spring 36 loaded pressure relief valve37; the one pipe connection with the upper face of the valve body S. In the housing 35 of the excess pressure valve37 there is also a regulating screw 40 for changing the spring tension. The meaning of this switching line will be explained in more detail later: When closed Pressure relief valve 37 is the upper end of the switching line 38 via a return line 39 connected to the main return line 53. In the line 48 is located between the connection point of the pressure relief valve 37 and the first leading to the cylinder i i Branch line 48 'an oil pressure gauge 41.

Before the operation of the hydraulic control on the individual Machine parts can be described clearly, it is still necessary to refer to the following pipeline interconnections and some valves arranged in them to point out. Between the upper connecting line 51 'of the cylinder 13 of the drive unit for the active crank drive there is not only a direct connection to the Valve housing S, but there is also a cross connection to the `vom Valve housing S to the undersides of the three cylinders i i and 12 leading line 42 provided. In the pipe adapter between the pipes 51 'and 42 a check valve 43 is arranged, the overflow of by a spring Pressure fluid from the line 42 in the line 51 'prevented, but in the opposite direction the flow allowed. A relief line also branches off from line 51 ' 51 ", namely between the junction of the line 42 or the one leading to it Branch duct and the connection point to the Schieb.ergehäus@eS to the main return line 53 from. In the latter, the above-mentioned shut-off device 22 is arranged, its Spring 21 normally keeps this shut-off valve closed, so that in this State the line 51 'is de-energized.

The pipeline 51 connected to the underside of the cylinder 13 is also connected to the main return line 53 by a discharge line 52. A throttle valve 44 is provided at the junction of this further relief line from line 51. When used as a feed line, the line 51 is fed from the line 5o, which serves to press down the knife network 7. The intermediate connection shown in the drawing and provided with a check valve 45 is therefore necessary between the lines 50 and 51. For the return operation of the line 51, a separate connection of the latter to the valve housing S is provided because the non-return valve is then closed.

The hydraulic control works as follows; The starting position is shown in Fig. i. The press. And dividing head is in its uppermost position, .that by supplying the line 42 with pressurized oil from the feed line 46 is maintained from initially. The piston 15 of the active drive is from above the line 51 'also acted upon with pressurized oil, which is constantly from the continuously operating pump 2 is supplied.

In the graphic representation is in each case between the as a lead or lines used as return are distinguished by the fact that the Supply lines in the various switching positions of the control slide 34 drawn out in thick black while the return lines are dotted in black and white are shown. The same illustration is for the cylinder spaces under pressure used in contrast to the cylinder chambers to be emptied by pushing out.

If a lump of dough has been placed on the active support plate 4 by means of a dough support plate, the switching lever 28 is switched to switching position II for the first time (see Fig. 2) and blocked in the latter by the locking bolt27. In the new position II of the piston valve 34, pressure oil is first applied through the line 48 to the tops of the pistons. 8 'promoted into the two cylinders i i. The knife network 7 follows the resulting lowering movement of the pressure plate, entrained by its holding friction in the slots of the latter and not hindered by the hydraulic connections, because the line 5o in this position of the piston valve 34 is connected to the main return flow line, through which oil is readily available the top of the piston 9 'of the knife net drive: unit can be sucked up. The undersides of all three cylinders 8 and 9 are also connected to the return flow line 53 when the entire press plate 6 and knife net 7 with the cladding ring 5 attached to it goes down.

As soon as the press plate 6 has pressed the lump of dough into a flat dough disc so strongly that the press plate stops despite the further delivery of pressurized oil through the line 48, the oil pressure in this line rises so much that the pressure relief valve 37 is opened, i.e. part of the pressurized fluid can escape into the switching line 38 and the piston slide 34 is pushed into the next switching position III (see. Fig.3). In this position, the piston g 'in the cylinder of the drive unit for the knife net 7 is acted upon with pressure oil from above only through the line 5o, so that the knife net 7 can now penetrate the pressed dough sheet and cut it into individual parts. The stop io at the upper end of the piston rod 9 ends the cutting movement after it has been placed on the cylinder cover. The common connection of the three undersides of the cylinders ii and 12 to the line 42 has the effect when the knife network 7 is pressed into the dough, that the lower cylinder chambers of the cylinder ii produce the oil that is extracted from the lower cylinder chamber of the cylinder 12 when cutting have to record. A slight lifting of the press plate 6 is therefore the result. In this way, favorable preconditions for the onset of the active movement are already given. As soon as the knife network 7 has reached its lowest position, the check valve 145 is opened as a result of the rising oil pressure in the line 5o and the flow of pressure fluid to the line 5i is released. The piston 1 5 thus begins to lift and move the active crank pin 3 from its zero position. The adjustment time can be regulated by opening the throttle valve 44 more or less and allowing a certain proportion of the pressure fluid coming from the line 5o to escape through the relief line 52 into the main return line 53. In the switch position III, the further intermediate connection from the line 5 i to the valve housing S is still filled with hydraulic fluid. But it has no outflow possibility because the piston body 34 keeps the mouth end closed. The throttle valve 44 thus enables the change in the period of time which the active crank pin 3 needs to reach its desired maximum adjustment. Since the active process is already in progress during the entire adjustment time, this throttle valve 44 also represents a means for the conditional change in the active time itself; because as soon as the mentioned limit position of the crank pin 3 is reached, the driver 14 'has also swiveled the T-shaped lever 18 clockwise via the screw drive 17 and opened the shut-off device 22 by pressing down the piston slide against the pressure of the spring 21 and the upper cylinder side of the Cylinder 13 @ relieved of the previously existing back pressure. This counterpressure is desired beforehand because, via the check valve 43 and the line 42: it: affects a lifting of the pressure plate 6 during the continuation of the knitting process. The extent of the upward movement can be influenced by differentiating the piston areas accordingly. The area ratio between the total effective when lifting the press plate 6 drive piston surface of the piston 8 'and the relevant for the displacement of the crank pin 3 from its zero position pressure surface of the piston 1 5, or the ratio of cylinder volumes of the two candidate drive units, namely twice ii and 1 3, can be chosen so that the amount of liquid displaced by the piston 1 5 when setting the effective radius through the line sequence 5 i 'and 42 under the piston 8' in the cylinder ii for lifting the pressure plate 6 into the position creating the active space for is capable of all dough piece sizes that can be produced with the machine. The knife network remains in its lowest position because the piston g 'remains pressurized from above with pressurized oil. Even when the relief line 5 i "is opened, the press plate 6 remains in its reached upper position, because at this moment the non-return valve closes and prevents the line 42 from running out. By pivoting the lever 18 clockwise, the locking bolt 27 is also withdrawn at the same time been so that the switching-on lever can get into the matching with the initial position end position IV 28th he pushes the spool 34 in its highest position (see. Fig. i) back where it it fixed by the latched locking crucible 27 , supports. the reclosure snapping of the locking bolt under the action of the spring 2o which has the lever 18 is also pivoted back into the starting position.

By adjusting the slide to position IV, the drive unit for the active crank drive return and forward changed, so da.ß now the The crank pin 3 is returned to its zero position by the depressed piston 15 is supported by the spring 61. However, the entire reset time has for the knitting process is no longer relevant, because meanwhile the entire pressing and dividing head as a result of the connection of the line 42 to the flow line 46 again raises, so the individual active compartments are opened.

There is also the possibility of switching on the active drive not to make it dependent on the pressure increase in the line 5o, but instead whose switching on for the work in the correct chronological order, but by a control process that is independent of the control of the knife star movement to evoke.

Claims (6)

PATENT CLAIMS: i. Knife star dough dividing and molding machine according to patent 923 242- with individual 'hydraulically operated, each from cylinder and double-acting Piston existing drive units for the press plate, knife net and active drive coupling, which preferably goes from zero to a certain value and back again be formed rapidly changeable crankshaft drive with a constantly rotating crankshaft can, and the liquid supply and return dex individual drive units Steering piston valve as well as one to be operated from the outside, with the latter so connected first switch that an additional, through, other impulses exerted Movement of the piston valve is not hindered, thereby marked, that the flow line (51) for switching on the active movement of the crank mechanism (3) The cylinder side of the associated drive unit to be supplied with hydraulic fluid (13, 15) not from the piston valve housing (S), but from the one for the actuation of the knife network (7) relevant flow line (50) with an intermediate circuit spring loaded. Pressure relief valve (45) branches off and that when the Acting drive as a return line acting line (51 ') firstly through only one in this associated piston valve position through the latter shut off branch line with the valve body (S), secondly by one with one by spring pressure (21) closed. held shut-off element (22, 20 ') provided relief line (51 ") with the main return line (53) to the liquid collector and thirdly via a The check valve (43) can only be opened by the inflow from the line (51 ') with the supply line. (42) to deal cylinder bottoms of the press plate (6) actuating drive units (i i) is connected, only for downshifting of the crank mechanism (3) to zero a spring-loaded, from a part (i4 ') of the piston rod (14). Of the drive unit (13) in the desired end point of the movement of the drive piston (15) operated link, e.g. B. a lever (18) is provided on the one hand acts on the shut-off element (22) in the opening direction and on the other hand via an intermediate linkage (23, 24, 25) with one of the first switch (28, 29, 30) in the operating position locking locking bolt (27) is positively connected that by moving of the lever (18) the lock is released and the spring-loaded initial switch together with the piston head (34) in its both the pressing and dividing head as also the control starting position returning the crank mechanism (3) to the starting position returns automatically. 2. Knife star dough dividing and molding machine according to claim i, characterized in that the ends of the lever (18), in particular in tangential Direction to the swivel circles, adjustable, e.g. B. as screw drives (17 and 19 '), are trained. 3. Knife star dough dividing and molding machine according to claim i, characterized characterized in that either the area ratio between the total when lifting the pressure plate (6) effective drive piston surface of the piston (8 ') and for the Adjustment of the crank pin (3) from its zero position, the relevant pressure area of the piston (15) or the ratio of the cylinder volumes of the two in question Drive units (twice i i and 13) is chosen so that the piston (15) when Adjust the effective radius through the line sequence (51 'and 42) under the piston (8 ') Amount of liquid displaced into the cylinder (i i) for lifting the press plate (6) in the position that creates the active space for everyone to be produced with the machine Dough piece sizes is capable. 4. Knife star dough dividing and molding machine according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized by a further relief line (52), which via a throttle valve (44) from the branch line (51) between the pressure relief valve (45) and cylinder (13) the main return line (53) branches off. 5. Knife first-dough piece- and knitting machine according to claim i, characterized by one of the upper cylinder sides the drive units (i i) for moving the press plate (6) with one end face of the 'valve housing (S) connecting through a from the press drive side Incoming overpressure to be opened, spring-loaded overpressure valve (37) to be shut off Switching line (38) to switch the control slide (34) to the next one that causes the cutting Switch position. 6. Knife star dough dividing and molding machine according to claim 5, characterized by regulating the maximum pressure in the one used for pressing the dough Flow line (48), e.g. B. by changeability of the spring tension of the pressure relief valve (37) in connection with a pressure gauge (4i) arranged in the line (48). Cited publications: German patent specification No. 428 436.