DE69703534T2 - COMPILED BUILDING STRUCTURE CONSTRUCTION - Google Patents

Abstract

A composite-structure building framework, which comprises horizontal steel girders (21) and vertical steel columns (12), which have been joined together with bolts (14). The vertical column (12a) has been placed from above against the bottom (22) or side flanges (27a) of the horizontal girder and fastened to the lower column (12b) at the corresponding point with bolts (14) going through the bottom (22) or the side flanges of the horizontal girder. Concrete reinforcements (19) are, if necessary, placed both in the U-shaped trough or box formed by the horizontal girder and inside the columns, and these spaces are filled with concrete.

Description

The subject matter of the invention relates to a building structure made of a composite construction, which has horizontal steel beams and vertical steel columns, the horizontal beams and the columns being predominantly prefabricated in such a way that they can be connected on the construction site, for example by bolts, after which, if required, concrete reinforcements (or reinforcing steel or concrete reinforcements) are inserted into the construction and concrete is poured into the interior of the steel construction, so that a composite construction is formed from the steel structure and the concrete.

According to a known method, steel is used in building structures by assembling the building structure from prefabricated steel components on site. This method of erecting a structure is economical, especially for multi-storey buildings. Components to be assembled on site can then be prefabricated under favorable manufacturing conditions, for example in a design workshop, where high quality and dimensional accuracy of the components can be achieved. In fact, this is one of the greatest advantages of a prefabricated steel structure. Although such a steel structure requires planning in advance, the use of precisely dimensioned components substantially speeds up the erection of a building structure and other attachments on site.

A solution for a steel structure is disclosed in International Application No. WO94/01630, to which Finnish Patent Application 950054 refers. According to this, the building structure consists mainly of widely available box-shaped steel profile components. In this In this case, steel columns created from standard tubular beams are used for the building structure. The horizontal beams are, for example, so-called delta beams or HQ beams. So-called U-beams can also be used. In a delta beam, the side plates between a top and a bottom plate, i.e. the web plates, are inclined towards each other and provided with holes. On the lower edge of the beam, which extends outwards from the base plate of the beam, there are horizontal flanges on each side of the beam. The box-shaped HQ beam differs from the delta beam in that its web sections are vertical. A key feature of the application WO94/01630 is that separate fasteners are used at the connection points of the building structure to connect columns and beams together.

However, it is difficult to meet strength and other durability requirements specified for a building structure using building structures made entirely of steel. A structure made entirely of concrete also has its own advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, a combination of a steel structure and a concrete structure, i.e. a so-called composite structure, has proven to be a viable solution. In such a case, concrete is poured inside the steel frame or onto the steel panel assembly, forming a rigid and strong composite structure that combines both the advantages of the steel structure and the advantages of the concrete structure.

The above-mentioned International Application No. WO94/01630 discloses a composite structure consisting of a steel structure and concrete, in which columns and beams as well as the connecting elements between them are filled with concrete. The strength and fire resistance of the structure is ensured by a common arrangement of concrete reinforcements in the concrete casting mold inside the beams and columns further increases.

The disadvantage of this known construction, which is excellent in itself, is the fact that pouring concrete into the interior of the steel structure is sometimes problematic. If the beams used are box-shaped beams, it is difficult to fill them with concrete through the openings in the web plates. It cannot always be ensured that the beams are completely filled with concrete in such a way that a flawless composite beam construction is formed. In addition to the problems of pouring concrete, the separate connecting elements used in the process at the connection points of the columns and the beams significantly increase the assembly effort. On the other hand, this type of construction provides an easily manageable unit and the connecting elements enable overlapping beams to be assembled.

The object of this invention is to provide a building structure made of a composite construction which can be assembled more easily, more firmly and more quickly than the known constructions. The structure according to the present invention is characterized by the features of the characterizing part of claim 1.

The horizontal beam may be at least partially open at the upper portion sufficiently wide so that the upper column can be fitted into the interior of the horizontal beam from above against the bottom of the horizontal beam. In this case, the column below the horizontal beam is attached to the bottom of the horizontal beam at the same point as the upper column.

This type of construction allows the load of the column above the horizontal beam to be directed exactly to the point where the lower column is located. This type of construction is advantageous because no bending moment due to eccentric loads remains in the structure.

In this way, both the advantages of the U-beam and the advantages of the box-shaped beam can be combined. The result is a structure that is easy to reinforce and to fill with concrete. It is obvious that reinforcing and pouring concrete into a box-shaped beam that is at least partially open at the top is clearly easier to carry out than the same procedure for a box-shaped beam.

The structure according to the present invention allows the vertical column and the horizontal beam to act as a continuous structure at the connection point, and furthermore the cast-in-place technique helps to achieve the rigidity at the connection point of the column and the horizontal beam. This structure forms uninterrupted continuous structures in the building; in other words, the structural framework is rigid and has no hinged joints.

According to an advantageous embodiment, the column above the horizontal beam and the column below it are connected by bolts that pass through the bottom of the horizontal beam. In this way, the connections above and below the horizontal beam can be created simultaneously.

According to another advantageous embodiment, the column above the horizontal support and the column below it are connected to each other at the extension point of the horizontal support in such a way that some of the fastening bolts pass through the bottom of the first horizontal support and others pass through the bottom of the second horizontal support.

According to a further advantageous embodiment, the column is sufficiently wide so that it can be fitted externally to the horizontal beam. A suitable opening for the horizontal beam is created on the column and both the columns and the horizontal beams are connected to one another by bolts at external flanges.

The invention is described below by way of examples with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which

Figure 1 shows a side view of the connection point of a building structure according to the present invention;

Fig. 2 shows a plan view of the connection point of a building structure according to the present invention;

Fig. 3 shows a perspective detail of the building structure shown in Figs. 1 and 2;

Fig. 4 to 6 show several embodiments of different profiles of the horizontal support according to the present invention;

Fig. 7 corresponds to Fig. 3 and shows in perspective a detail of the building structure according to the second embodiment;

Fig. 8 corresponds to Fig. 3 and shows in perspective a detail of the building structure according to the third embodiment;

Fig. 9 shows a side view of the construction shown in Fig. 8;

Fig. 10 shows a plan view of the construction shown in Fig. 8;

Fig. 11 corresponds to Fig. 9 and shows a side view of the supporting structure according to the fourth embodiment;

Fig. 12 shows a plan view of the construction shown in Fig. 11.

Figure 1 shows a side view of a detail of a building structure according to the present invention, showing the connection point of a vertical column 12 made of steel and a steel horizontal beam 21. At the connection point, the vertical column 12 has two sections, namely a column 12a above the horizontal beam 21 and a column 12b below the horizontal beam 21. Flanges IVa and 17b are attached to the ends of both sections 12a and 12b of the vertical column.

According to the present invention, the horizontal beam 21 used in the structure is a U-shaped beam open at the upper portion, which has a bottom plate 22, vertical webs 23a and 23b, and mounting flanges 27a and 27b extending on the sides of the bottom. The bottom plate 22 of the horizontal beam 21 rests on the mounting flange 17b of the vertical beam 12b directly below the horizontal beam. Similarly, the mounting flange 17a of the vertical column 12a above the horizontal beam 22 rests directly on the bottom plate 22 of the horizontal beam 22 from above.

In the construction according to Fig. 1, holes for bolts are provided in the bottom 22 of the horizontal beam 21, and accordingly holes for bolts are provided at the corresponding points on the fastening flanges 17a and 17b of the vertical Columns 12a and 12b are mounted above and below the horizontal beam 21. When the horizontal beam 21 is arranged between the flanges 17a and 17b of the vertical columns 12a and 12b in the construction of a building structure, their bolt openings are also aligned with each other. In this case, the flanges 17a and 17b and the horizontal beam 21 therebetween can be fastened to each other by bolts 14. The connection is then complete as far as the steel structure is concerned. The connection between the horizontal beams can be further reinforced if necessary by vertical members made of steel plates and secured with bolts within the vertical webs of the horizontal beams.

After erecting the steel structures, the structures of the mezzanine 11 of the building are installed on site. For this purpose, the horizontal beam 21 according to Fig. 1 has mounting flanges 27a and 27b extending from its two sides. Concrete panels or steel profiles serve as formwork for the mezzanine and are arranged on the upper portion of these flanges 27a and 27b.

When the steel structures and the components for the mezzanine of the building structure are arranged, concrete reinforcements are placed on both the horizontal beam 21 and the vertical column 12. On the horizontal beam 21 according to Fig. 1, concrete reinforcements 19 are placed both in the openings 15 created for them and in the openings 16 to be filled with concrete. Finally, the filling with concrete is carried out so that both the vertical column 12 and the horizontal beam 12 are filled with concrete. According to Fig. 1, the upper surface of the concrete mold is, for example, at the height corresponding to the upper surface of the components of the mezzanine.

Fig. 2 shows a plan view of the connection point of the supporting structure shown in Fig. 1. The column 12 is arranged on the extension 13 of the horizontal beam 21. As shown in Fig. 2, two fastening bolts 14 of the upper vertical column 12a pass through the fastening flange 17a and the bottom 22a of the first horizontal beam 21a. Similarly, two bolts 14 pass through the fastening flange 17a and the bottom 22b of the second horizontal beam 21b. At the connection point under the vertical column 12a and under the horizontal beams 21a and 21b, the lower vertical column shown in Fig. 1 is in the same place.

Fig. 3 shows in perspective a detail of the building structure shown in Figs. 1 and 2. Columns 12a and 12b are fastened to each other by bolts so that the ends 21a and 21b of both horizontal beams are between the fastening flange 17a of the upper column 12a and the corresponding fastening flange of the lower column 12b.

Fig. 3 also shows the arranged concrete reinforcements 19 of the structure. The concrete reinforcements 19 enter horizontally into the interior of the U-shaped horizontal beam 21 parallel to it in such a way that a section of the reinforcements 19 on one side extends longitudinally between the vertical web flange 23a and the vertical column 12a. Accordingly, on the other side of the U-beam 21, the concrete reinforcements extend between the other vertical web flange 23b and the column 12a. In addition, horizontal concrete reinforcements 19 are inserted in such a way that they pass through the vertical column 12a. For this purpose, openings 15 are provided in the vertical column 12a. In Fig. 3, a concrete reinforcement 19 is also arranged through the opening 16, which is to be filled with concrete.

Accordingly, vertical concrete reinforcements 19 are provided within the column 12a in the supporting structure according to Fig. 3 The horizontal and vertical overlapping concrete reinforcements 19 together with the steel beams 21 and steel columns 12 form a sufficient reinforcement. When the support structure is filled with concrete, a rigid and strong composite structure according to the invention is formed.

Fig. 3 also clearly shows the advantage of the construction according to the invention that the construction formed by the columns 12 and the horizontal beams 22 does not have such protruding portions that require the notching of the inter-storey structures. According to Fig. 3, inter-storey structures such as profiled panels can be mounted so that they rest directly on the mounting flanges 27 on the edges of the horizontal beams 22 without any notching: the vertical column 12 does not get in the way of the inter-storey structures between the vertical webs 23 of the horizontal beam 22.

Fig. 4 shows the profile of an embodiment according to the invention, in which the web flanges 23a and 23b are welded to the base plate 22 with a welded joint 24. In this way, a U-shaped support structure is formed, into which the concrete can be easily poured from above. Web flanges 23a and 23b are arranged at a distance from the edge of the base flange 22 so that mounting flanges 27a and 27b of the intermediate floor are formed outside the web flanges 23a and 23b.

Fig. 5 shows the profile of another embodiment of the horizontal beam 21 according to the invention, which is asymmetrical. A web flange 23b is created by bending the bottom plate 22. The web flange 23a on the opposite side is welded to the bottom plate 22 with a weld joint 24. The asymmetrical U-beam 21 can be installed, for example, close to the outer wall of a building at a location where there is an intermediate floor only on one side of the horizontal support 21.

Fig. 6 shows the profile of a third embodiment of the horizontal beam 21 according to the invention, in which no welded joints are used. In such a case, the U-beam 21 and its mounting flanges 27a and 27b are made of a sheet metal by a bending process.

Fig. 7 shows a perspective view of a detail of the supporting structure according to a second embodiment. Horizontal supports 21c and 21d are box-shaped supports in whose upper surface openings 25a and 25b are provided. The openings 25a formed at the connection point of the horizontal supports 21c and 21d are sufficiently large so that the end of the vertical column 12a with its fastening flanges 17 can pass through the opening 25a and rest on the bottom of the horizontal support 21. Vertical columns 12a and 12b are attached to the bottom of the horizontal support 21 in the same way as in the embodiment according to Figs. 1 to 3. Filling with concrete is easily carried out through the openings 25b on the upper surface of the horizontal beam 21. If more columns are required in the construction, these openings 25b can also be used as mounting openings for the columns.

In addition, vertical plate-like reinforcement flanges 26 are attached to the upper surface of the bottom plate of the horizontal beam according to Fig. 7. They are provided with holes or with a profile to ensure the adhesion of the concrete. The horizontal beam 21 can be reinforced by the reinforcement flanges 26 to such an extent that it is not always necessary to use separate horizontal concrete reinforcements. In any case, the amount of additional reinforcements required is clearly less than without the reinforcement flanges 26.

Fig. 8 shows in perspective a detail of a building structure according to a third embodiment. In this embodiment, a column 12 is sufficiently wide so that a horizontal beam 21 can be fitted inside. In the construction according to Fig. 8, an opening 18 for the horizontal beam 21 is made in the column 12c above the horizontal beam 21, with the fastening flanges 17 remaining outside the horizontal beam 21. In this case, the mounting flange 27 of the horizontal beam 21 remains between the fastening flange 17c of the upper column 12c and the fastening flange 17d of the lower column. Fastening flanges 17c, 27 and 17d are fastened to one another by bolts 14.

According to Fig. 8, the column 12 has concrete reinforcements 19 and the horizontal beam 21 has reinforcement flanges 26 which also remain within the concrete to be poured into the structure. It is also possible to equip the column 12 with internal reinforcement flanges 26, whereby no separate concrete reinforcements are required.

Fig. 9 shows a side view of the construction shown in Fig. 8. As shown in the figure, the opening 18 provided on the column 12c is adapted to the size of the horizontal support so that the horizontal support 12 fits into the provided opening.

Fig. 10 shows a top view of the construction shown in Fig. 8. The fastening flanges 17 of the column 12c are supported on the fastening flanges 27a and 27b of the horizontal support.

Although Fig. 8 to 10 do not show the openings for pouring concrete, they are nevertheless essential to the invention. The columns in these Fig. 8 to 10 are intended to have openings for pouring concrete in the same way as as shown in Fig. 1, 3 and 7.

It is essential that the concrete can be poured into the structure in such a way that both the columns and the horizontal beams are filled with concrete, thus forming a rigid composite structure within the structure.

Fig. 11 shows a side view of a supporting structure according to Fig. 1, and Fig. 12 shows a top view thereof. The difference in this embodiment, however, is that the column 12e is so wide that it just fits into the horizontal beam 21. Therefore, a slightly larger opening must be made for the column 12e on the upper surface of the horizontal beam 21. The advantage of this construction is that the column 12e can, if necessary, be attached directly to the web 23 of the horizontal beam 21 by means of a bolt 14a. In this way, a higher strength is obtained. This has no influence on the final strength of the construction, since the strength is determined by the properties of the composite structure formed by the concrete and the steel.

It will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that the various embodiments of the invention may be varied within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims (10)

1. Building structure made of a composite construction consisting of horizontal steel beams (21) and vertical steel columns (12); wherein the horizontal beams and the columns are mainly prefabricated in such a way that they can be connected to one another on site, for example by means of bolts (14), after which reinforcing steel (19) is inserted into the structure if necessary and then concrete is poured into the interior of the steel structure, so that a composite structure is formed from the steel structure and the concrete, in which the upper column (12a) is arranged vertically at substantially the same point as the column (12b) under the horizontal beam, and the horizontal beam (21) is arranged between the upper column (12a) and the lower column (12b), and the upper column (12a) rests on the lower column (12b) through the horizontal beam (21), characterized in that the upper column (12a) is supported from above against the lower part of the horizontal beam (21), such as the bottom (22) of the horizontal support (21) or against its side flange (21a), and that the lower column (12b) rests from below essentially on the corresponding point on the base (22) of the horizontal support (21) or its side flange (21a). 2. Building structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the column (12a) above the horizontal support (21) and the underlying column (12b) are connected to one another by means of bolts (14) running through the base (22) of the horizontal support. 3. Building structure according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the column (12a) above the horizontal beam (21) and the underlying column (12b) are connected to each other at the extension (13) of the horizontal beam such that some of the connecting bolts (14) pass through the bottom (22a) of the first horizontal beam (21a) and that some of the connecting bolts (14) pass through the bottom (22b) of the second horizontal beam (21b). 4. Building structure according to one of claims 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the horizontal support (21) is at least partially open on its upper side and wide enough for the column (12a) above it to fit into the horizontal support from above and rest against its bottom (22), and that the column (12b) below the horizontal support (21) is attached to the bottom of the horizontal support at substantially the same point as the upper column (12a). 5. Building support structure according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the horizontal support (21) is designed as a U-profile so that it comprises a base plate (22) and webs (23) between which the column (12) can be fastened against the base of the horizontal support. 6. Building structure according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the upper column (12a) is located between the vertical webs (23) of the horizontal support (21) and rests against both webs, in which case the column can be fastened, for example, with bolts. 7. Building structure according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the horizontal support (21) is designed as a tubular profile, in the upper surfaces of which openings (25) have been machined to enable mounting of the vertical column (12) against the bottom of the horizontal support. 8. Building structure according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that - the upper column (12a) is wide enough to allow at least a partial placement outside the horizontal support, - the upper column (12a) is supported from above on the side flanges (27a) of the horizontal support (21), - and that the lower column (12b) rests from below on the side flanges (27a) of the horizontal support (21). 9. Building support structure according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the vertical webs (23) are attached to the horizontal beam (21) by welding or at least one vertical support (23) is formed by bending one and the same plate as the floor plate (22). 10. Building support structure according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that at least one vertical reinforcing flange (26) is attached to the base plate (22) of the horizontal support (21).