FI105121B - Composite building frame - Google Patents

Abstract

A composite-structure building framework, which comprises horizontal steel girders (21) and vertical steel columns (12), which have been joined together with bolts (14). The vertical column (12a) has been placed from above against the bottom (22) or side flanges (27a) of the horizontal girder and fastened to the lower column (12b) at the corresponding point with bolts (14) going through the bottom (22) or the side flanges of the horizontal girder. Concrete reinforcements (19) are, if necessary, placed both in the U-shaped trough or box formed by the horizontal girder and inside the columns, and these spaces are filled with concrete.

Description

1 105121

FRAME CONSTRUCTION BUILDING FRAME

The invention relates to a composite building structure comprising horizontal steel beams and vertical steel columns, 5 - which horizontal beams and vertical columns are provided with fastening elements such as flanges and are prefabricated in advance so that they can be joined to the building site by bolts, e.g. and pouring concrete into the steel structure so as to form a composite structure between the steel frame and the concrete, wherein the upright vertical column is located vertically substantially at the same position as the 15 lower horizontal column, the horizontal

20 According to the prior art, steel is used in the building frame structures ... ^ to assemble the building frame. prefabricated steel parts on site.

• · · ;; ·: Particularly in multi-storey buildings, this is the case: “The construction is inexpensive. On-site assemblies ··· * ... · 25 can then be completed under favorable production conditions, eg at a workshop to provide • · ·: high quality and high dimensional accuracy. This is one of the major advantages of the prefabricated steel frame. Although; 'j'; such a steel frame requires design work beforehand, however, the use of dimensionally accurate building components substantially speeds up the erection of the building frame and other equipment of the frame at the site.

: A steel structure solution is presented in the Applicant 's earlier. : International Patent Application PCT / FI93 / 00286, to which * »» 35 corresponds to Finnish Patent Application 950054. In it, the body of the construction consists of generally available casing-shaped steel profile pieces. In this case, vertical columns of steel, made of standard pipe beams, are used in the building frame.

5 Horizontal beams, for example, are so called. Delta beams or HQ beams. Also the so-called. trough bars can be used. In the delta beam, the side panels, i.e. the web panels, between the lower and upper panels are inclined towards each other and provided with openings. At the bottom of the beam, there are 10 outwardly facing flanges on either side of the beam extending to the bottom of the beam. The HQ enclosure beam differs from the Delta beam in that its web sections are vertical. It is essential in this patent application PCT / FI93 / 00286 that separate junction members 15 are used at the nodes of the building frame to connect the columns and the beams.

However, it is difficult to achieve the strength and other durability requirements for a building frame with steel frames made entirely of steel.

The concrete structure itself also has its own pros and cons 20. Thus, a combination of a steel frame and a concrete frame has proved to be useful. A composite construction. In this case, concrete is poured into the steel frame or / φ over the composite slab, so that: a rigid and rigid composite structure is formed, combining: ** 25 the advantages of both the steel structure and the concrete structure.

The aforesaid International Patent Application, PCT / FI93 / 00286, discloses a joint structure between a steel structure and a concrete, in which the columns and beams and the joints between them are filled with concrete. By inserting • · · yet concrete steels inside the beams and 30 columns into the concrete casting, the strength and fire resistance of the structure is further improved.

The disadvantage of this known structure, which is excellent in itself, is. : However, pouring concrete into a steel structure • · 35 is sometimes problematic. If the beams used are 3 705727 box beams, it is difficult to fill them with holes through the openings in the web plates. One cannot always be sure that the beams are completely filled with concrete so that a flawless composite beam structure 5 is achieved. In addition to the problems encountered in concreting, the separate joints used in the method at the junctions of the columns and beams add some work to the installation. On the other hand, however, such a structure achieves a very manageable assembly and the connecting piece 10 allows the crossbeams to be mounted.

The frame structures of the building are also disclosed in DE-3116102, SE-8503428-8 and FR-FR-1174724.

However, they do not eliminate the above problems. It is an object of the present invention to provide a composite building frame 15 which is simpler, firmer and faster to install than known structures. The invention is characterized in that the upper vertical pillar mounting flange rests above from the bottom of the horizontal beam or its flange, and that the lower vertical pillar mounting flange rests mainly from below to the corresponding ... bottom of the horizontal beam or its flange. and that the vertical column above the horizontal bar and the vertical column below it · · · * are fastened by means of fastening means, such as bolts, passing through the bottom of the horizontal bar or its flange.

I: The horizontal bar may be at least partially open and wide so that the vertical column above it fits from above into the horizontal bar against its bottom. In this case, the horizontal bar. 3 0 The vertical column below is connected to the • bottom of the horizontal bar at the same position as the vertical column above.

Such a structure provides above the horizontal beam; Y; to be applied to the vertical column: exactly to the vertical column below.

• 35 Such a structure is advantageous because there are no bending moments due to eccentric loading of 4 7 ° 5 727.

This combines the good features of both the trough beam and the trough beam. The result is a structure that is easily reinforced and concreted. It is clear that reinforcement and casting of the open box beam, at least in part, are clearly easier than the corresponding measures of the closed box beam.

The structure according to the invention enables both the 10 columns and the horizontal beam to function as a continuous structure at the junction, which also achieves the rigidity provided by the local casting technique at the junction between the vertical column and the horizontal beam. The structure creates uniform continuous structures in the building, i.e. the frame structure is rigid without joints.

According to a preferred embodiment, the vertical column above the horizontal beam and the vertical column below it are connected by bolts passing through the bottom of the horizontal beam. In this way, the joint above and below the horizontal beam is made simultaneously.

In another preferred embodiment, the horizontal bar: the upper vertical bar and the lower vertical bar are • · · connected to one another at the extension of the horizontal bar so that some of the mounting bolts pass through the bottom of the first horizontal bar, and that the mounting bolts pass through the bottom of the second horizontal beam.

»« »• ♦ ♦ • · ·

In yet another preferred embodiment, the vertical column • · · is so wide that it can fit outside the horizontal bar. A suitable aperture for the horizontal beam is made in the vertical column and 30 both vertical columns and horizontal beams are bolted together via external flanges.

• «1«

The invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

Figure 1 is a side elevational view of a junction of a frame structure of a building according to the invention.

Figure 2 is a top plan view of the junction of the frame structure 5 according to the invention.

Figure 3 is a perspective view of a detail of the frame structure of Figures 1 and 2.

Figures 4-6 show profiles of different embodiments of the horizontal beam according to the invention.

Figure 7 corresponds to Figure 3 and shows a perspective view of a detail of a building frame structure according to another embodiment.

Figure 8 corresponds to Figure 3 and shows a perspective view of a detail of a building frame structure 15 according to a third embodiment.

Figure 9 is a side view of the structure of Figure 8. Figure 10 is a top plan view of the structure of Figure 8. Figure 11 corresponds to Figure 9 and shows a side view of the frame structure according to the fourth embodiment 20.

Figure 12 is a plan view of the structure of Figure 11.

Fig. 1 is a side elevational view of the frame structure of a building according to the invention showing a connection between a steel vertical column 12 and a 25 horizontal steel beam 21. At the joint, the vertical column 12 consists of two parts , which are: T: Pillar 12a above the horizontal beam 21 and pillar 12b below the horizontal beam 21. Flanges 17a and 17b are connected to the ends of each of the vertical column portions 12a and 12b.

According to the invention, the horizontal beam 21 used in the structure is an open trunk beam having a bottom plane 22, vertical webs 23a and 23b, and lateral mounting flanges 27a and 27b as an extension of the bottom 22. The horizontal plane 21 «1: the bottom plane 22 rests directly on the mounting flange 17b of the vertical column 12b below it 35. Correspondingly, the mounting flange 17a of the vertical column 12a above the horizontal beam 22 rests directly on the bottom plane 22 of the horizontal beam 22 above it.

In the structure of Fig. 1, 5 bolt holes are made in the bottom 22 of the horizontal beam 21 and, respectively, bolt holes are provided in the mounting flanges 17a and 17b of the vertical pillars 12a and 12b above and below. When the horizontal beam 21 is installed between the flanges 17a 10 and 17b of the vertical pillars 12a and 12b when installing the building frame structure, the bolt holes in these are also aligned. The flanges 17a and 17b and the horizontal beam 21 therebetween can then be joined to each other by bolts 14. The joint is then completed with respect to the steel structure. The connection between the horizontal beams can be further reinforced, if necessary, by vertical pieces made of sheet steel, which are bolted inside the vertical beams of the horizontal beams.

After the installation of the steel structures, the structures of the building floor 11 are put in place. To this end, the horizontal beam 21 of Figure 1 20 has mounting flanges 27a and 27b directed to both sides thereof. On top of these flanges 27a and 27b '·' * are the concrete slabs forming the floor, or • ·: steel profile plates which act as a molding mold for the floor.

: When the steel structures and: 25 floor elements of the building frame structure are in place, concrete steels are installed in connection with both the horizontal beam 21 and the vertical column 12. In the horizontal beam 21 of Fig. 1, concrete steels 19 ... are placed in both the holes 15 provided therein and in the openings 16 for the concrete filling. Finally, the concrete filling is carried out by pouring both the vertical column 12 and the horizontal beam 21. In Figure 1, the top surface of the concrete casting is, for example, at a height corresponding to the top surface of the midsole elements.

* · Figure 2 is a top view of the junction 7 105121 of the frame structure of Figure 1. Therein, the vertical pillar 12 is positioned at the extension 13 of the horizontal beam 21. Figure 2 shows that the two fixing bolts 14 of the upright column 12a pass through the bottom 22a of the first horizontal beam 21a of the fixing flange 17a and 5. Correspondingly, two bolts 14 pass through the bottom 22b of the mounting flange 17a and the second horizontal beam 21b. At the junction below the vertical column 12a and below the horizontal beams 21a and 21b is the lower vertical column 10 shown in Figure 1.

Figure 3 is a perspective view of a detail of the building frame structure of Figures 1 and 2. The vertical column 12a and 12b are connected by bolts 14 so that the ends of the two horizontal beams 21a and 21b remain between the fixing flange 17a of the upper vertical column 12a and the corresponding fixing flange of the lower vertical column 12b.

Figure 3 also shows the concrete reinforcements 19 of the structure in place. In the horizontal direction, the concrete reinforcements 19 extend inside the distal horizontal beam 21 in a direction 20 such that a portion of the bars 19 extend between the vertical web flange 23a and the vertical column 12a on the other side.

* · '* Similarly, on the other side of the trough beam 21 • ·: the concrete reinforcements 19 extend between the second vertical • * ·· web flange 23b and the vertical column 12a. In addition: *]: 25 horizontal reinforcing steels 19 are positioned to pass through: vertical column 12a. For this, the vertical column 12a has • · ·. *: *. openings 15. In Figure 3, one concrete steel 19 is also guided to pass through a concrete filling opening 16.

♦ · · • · φ • · ·

Correspondingly, in the frame structure of Figure 3, vertical reinforcing steels 19 are also mounted inside the vertical column 12a.

Horizontal and vertical crosswise reinforcing concrete steels 19 together with steel beams 21 and steel columns 12 provide sufficient reinforcement. When the beam 1 is filled with concrete, a rigid and rigid composite structure according to the invention is obtained.

8 105121

Figure 3 also clearly shows the advantage of the structure according to the invention that the structure formed by the vertical pillars 12 and the horizontal beams 22 does not have any projections which would require the indentation of the midsole structures 5. In Figure 3, intermediate floor structures, such as, for example, profiled tiles, can be mounted directly on the mounting flanges 27 at the edges of the horizontal beams 22 without any groove action. After all, the vertical column 12 is out of the way of the intermediate floor structures between the vertical cores 23 of the horizontal beam 22 10.

Fig. 4 shows a profile of an embodiment of a horizontal beam according to the invention in which the web flanges 23a and 23b are welded to the bottom plane 22 by welding seams 24, thereby providing a trough beam structure in which concrete can be easily cast from above. The web flanges 23a and 23b are spaced from the edge of the bottom flange 22 so that the intermediate flange mounting flanges 27a and 27b are formed outside the web flanges 23a and 23b.

Fig. 5 shows a profile of another embodiment of the horizontal beam 21 of the invention which is asymmetrical.

Another uumalaippa 23b is formed by bending 'a bottom plate 22. The opposite side of the uumalaippa 23a: welded by weld 24 to the base plate 22. The asymmetric j' ·· kaukalopalkkia 21 may be used in place of the building for example in the vicinity of the outer wall 25 of the floor for only: a horizontal beam 21 on the other side.

• · · · · · «« · ·

Fig. 6 shows a profile of a third embodiment of the horizontal beam 21 ... ^ in accordance with the invention, in which no welds are used at all. In this case, the trough beam 21 «» · *. 30 with mounting flanges 27a and 27b are formed by a single plate by bending.

Fig. 7 is a perspective view of the frame structure! detail according to another embodiment. In it, * * horizontal beams 21c and 2Id are enclosure beams with openings 25a and 25b formed on the upper surface of 9105121. The openings 25a formed at the junction of the horizontal beams 21c and 21d are so large that the end of the vertical column 12a with its mounting flanges 17 can pass through the opening 25a against the bottom 5 of the horizontal beam 21. The vertical pillars 12a and 12b are attached to the bottom of the horizontal beam 21 in the same manner as in the embodiment of Figures 1-3. Concreting is easily accomplished through openings 25b in the upper surface of the horizontal beam 21. If more vertical columns are required in the structure, then these openings 25b can also be used as vertical column mounting holes.

In addition, vertical flat flat stiffening flanges 26 are connected to the bottom surface of the horizontal beam 21 of Figure 7. They are perforated or profiled to ensure concrete adhesion 15. The stiffening flanges 26 allow the horizontal beam 21 to be stiffened so much that there is not always a need for separate horizontal reinforcement in the structure. In any case, the amount of additional reinforcement needed will be significantly less than without reinforcements 26.

Fig. 8 is a perspective view of a detail of a building structure of a building according to a third embodiment. In this embodiment, the vertical column 12 is · · · · · · · · · · · · · (in (1) in) wide so that the horizontal beam 21 fits within it. In the structure of Fig. 8 * * ·, the vertical columns 12c above the horizontal beam 21 are formed with an opening 18 for the horizontal beam 21: the mounting flanges 17 remain outside the horizontal beam 21. In this case, the mounting flange 27 of the horizontal beam 21 is sandwiched between the mounting flange 17c of the upright vertical panel 12c and the mounting flange 17d of the lower vertical panel 12d.

• · · 30 The mounting flanges 17c, 27 and 17d are secured to each other by bolts 14.

In Fig. 8, the vertical column 12 has concrete steels 19 and the horizontal beam 21 has stiffeners 26 which remain • ««! into concrete poured into the structure. It is also possible to provide * '35 upright pillar 12 with internal stiffeners 26 of 105101, eliminating the need for separate concrete steels.

Figure 9 is a side view of the structure of Figure 8. The figure shows that the opening 18 formed in the vertical column 12c 5 is suitably the size of a horizontal beam 21 so that the horizontal beam 12 fits into the formed opening.

Figure 10 is a top plan view of the structure of Figure 8. The mounting flanges 17 of the vertical column 12c rest on the mounting flanges 27a and 27b of the horizontal beam 21.

Figures 8-10 do not show concrete pouring holes, but according to the invention they are nonetheless essential. The columns and beams of these Figures 8-10 should have drain holes as needed, similar to those shown in Figures 1, 3 and 7. It is essential that concrete can be poured into the structure so that both vertical columns and horizontal beams are filled with concrete, thereby forming a rigid composite structure .

Fig. 11 is a side view corresponding to Fig. 1 and Fig. 12 is the same top view. The difference, however, in this embodiment is that the vertical pillar 12e is so wide that it just barely fits inside the horizontal beam 21 • '··. Therefore, a slightly larger opening must be made in the upper surface of the horizontal beam 21 for the vertical column 12e. This: The advantage of the structure is that, if necessary, the vertical column 12e «· · 25 can be fastened with the bolt 14b directly to the web 23 of the horizontal beam 21. It achieves greater strength during the installation stage. It is irrelevant to the final strength of the structure as it is determined by the properties of the concrete and steel • · · \.

It will be apparent to one skilled in the art that the various embodiments of the invention may vary from those set forth below! claims.

11 105121

A composite building body comprising horizontal steel beams (21) and vertical steel columns (12), 5 - which horizontal beams (21) and vertical columns (12) are provided with fastening elements such as flanges (17, 27) and are manufactured in advance, that they can be joined together at the building site, for example by bolts (14), whereupon concrete steels (19) are added to the structure, if necessary, and concrete is poured into the steel structure to form a composite structure between the steel frame and the concrete, other than the vertical column (12b) below the horizontal beam, the horizontal beam (21) is located between the upper vertical column (12a) and the lower vertical column (12b), and that the upper vertical column (12a) rests on the lower vertical column (12b) vertical column (12a) the mounting flange ... (17a) rests above from the bottom (22) • · · '·' * of the horizontal beam (21) or its peripheral flange (27a) and that the mounting flange (17b) of the vertical column (12b) below: · From below 25 to substantially the corresponding position • · · ϊ.,. An to the bottom of the horizontal beam or its flange: - and that the vertical column (12a) above the horizontal beam (21) and its vertical column (12b) fastening means (14) passing through the flange 30 (27a), such as bolts.

Building frame according to claim 1, characterized in that the vertical column (12a) above the horizontal beam (21) and the vertical column (12b) below it are i /. 35 interconnected at the extension (13) of the horizontal beam such that a portion of the retaining bolts (14) passes through the bottom (22a) of the first horizontal beam (21a) and a portion of the retaining bolts (14) passes through the bottom (22b) of the second

Building frame according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the horizontal beam (21) is at least partially open and wide so that its upright vertical pillar (12a) fits from above into the horizontal beam against its base (22), and 21) the lower vertical column (12b) is connected to the bottom 10 of the horizontal beam at substantially the same position as the upper vertical column (12a).

Building frame according to Claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the horizontal beam (21) is trough-shaped with a bottom plane (22) and 15 webs (23) between which the vertical column (12) can be mounted against the bottom of the horizontal beam.

Building frame according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the upper vertical column (12a) is located between the vertical webs (23) of the horizontal beam (21) and against both webs to which the vertical column can be attached, for example: by bolts.

A building frame according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the horizontal beam (21) is a casing beam whose upper surface is provided with openings (25) through which the vertical column (12) can be mounted against the bottom of the horizontal beam.

A building frame according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the upright vertical column (12a) is so wide that at least part of it can be placed in the horizontal beam (21) i. - that the upper vertical pillar (12a) rests above the flanges (27a) of the horizontal beam 13 105121 (21) and that the lower vertical pillar (12b) rests on the lower flanges (27a) of the horizontal beam (21).

Building 5 frame according to one of Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the vertical beam (23) is joined to the horizontal beam (21) by welding or at least one of the vertical bars (23) is bent from the same plate as its base plane (22).

The frame of a building 10 according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that at least one vertical stiffener (26) is connected to the bottom plane (22) of the horizontal beam (21).

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Claims (8)

14 105121 1. A composite structured building frame to which it includes horizontal beams (21) and vertical pillars (12), 5. which horizontal beams and vertical pillars are provided with fasteners, liksoin flanges (17, 27) and are substantially finished in advance. , that at the building site they like to join together to each other for example with bolts (14), after which, when necessary concrete 10 (19) is added and concrete is cast in the frame structure so that a composite structure is formed between the frame body and the concrete, in which structure the upper vertical column (12a) is vertically substantially at the same location as the lower vertical column (12b) of the horizontal beam, the horizontal beam (21) is between the upper vertical column (12a) and the lower vertical column (12b) and that the upper vertical pillar (12a) supports the lower vertical pillar (12b) through the mediation of the horizontal beam (21). , - the mounting flange (17a) of the upper vertical column (12a) from above rests on the horizontal beam: (21) bottom (22) or on its edge flange (27a), and that the fastening flange (17b) of the lower vertical pillar (12b) underneath if mainly rests on the corresponding:, ·, or place on the bottom (22) of the horizontal beam (21) or on its edge flange (27a), and that the upper vertical pillars (12a) of the horizontal beam (21) and its lower vertical pillars (12b) are joined to each other by fasteners (14), as well as bolts, which pass through the horizontal beams. the bottom (22). The building frame according to claim 1, characterized in that the upper vertical pillar (12a) of the horizontal beam (21) and its lower vertical pillar (12b) are joined together at the joint (13) of the horizontal beam, so that a part of the fastening bolts (14) pass through the bottom (22a) of the first horizontal beam (21a), and some of the fastening bolts (14) pass through the bottom (22b) of the second horizontal beam (21b). Building frame according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the horizontal beam (21) is at least partially open and so wide that its upper vertical pillar (12a) from above is accommodated in the horizontal beam against its bottom (22). , and that the lower vertical column (12b) of the horizontal beam (21) is joined at the bottom of the horizontal beam substantially at the same location as the upper vertical column (12a). Building frame according to any of claims 1-3, characterized in that the horizontal beam (21) is sluggish such that it belongs to a bottom plane (22) and walls (23) between which the vertical pillar (12) like to mount at the bottom of the horizontal beam. 5. The building body according to any of claims 1-4, ... characterized in that the upper vertical. the pillar (12a) is located between the vertical beams of the vertical beam (21) and towards the bed walls, tili «« "which the vertical pillar likes to attach to examples with * ... 1 bolts. • 6. Structural structure according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that the horizontal beam is a beam of beam, the upper surface of which has been made openings ♦ (25), through which the vertical column (12) likes to mount at the bottom of the horizontal beam. Building frame according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that; - that the upper vertical pillar is so wide that in at least part of it likes to place on the outside of the horizontal beam (21), that the upper vertical pillar (12a) rests on the horizontal beam (21) ) edge flanges (27a) from above, and that the lower vertical pillar (12b) rests on the edge flanges (27a) from below the horizontal beam (21). Building frame according to any of claims 1-7, characterized in that the vertical walls (23) have been joined to the horizontal beam (21) by welding or that at least one vertical wall is bent by the same slab as its bottom plane (22). ). 9. A structural body according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that at least one vertical reinforcing flange (26) is attached to the bottom plane (22) of the horizontal beam (21). • «· • · I <III • <I« <II «I t • · · • · • · Ml I« I • · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · • · · • · I