RU2178042C2 - Building skeleton of composite structure - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction engineering; skeleton-type buildings. SUBSTANCE: building skeleton has horizontal steel beams and vertical steel columns bolted together. Vertical column is arranged on top of lower part or side flanges of horizontal beam and fastened to bottom column at respective point by means of bolts passing through lower part or side flanges of horizontal beam. Concrete reinforcement, in case of need, is placed inside columns and in U-shaped duct or box formed by horizontal beam; these spaces are filled with concrete. EFFECT: enhanced reliability and service life. 10 cl, 12 dwg _

Description

 The subject of the present invention is a building frame of a composite structure, which includes horizontal steel beams and vertical steel columns, the horizontal beams and columns being prefabricated essentially so that they can be assembled at a construction site, for example, using bolts, and then into the structure if necessary, concrete reinforcement is introduced, and concrete is poured into the steel structure so that the steel frame and concrete create a composite structure.

 According to the known method, steel is used in building frames in such a way that the building frame is assembled from prefabricated steel components at a construction site. This method of construction is economical, especially in the case of multi-story buildings. The components that will be assembled at the construction site can thus be prefabricated in the desired production conditions, for example, in an engineering workshop where high quality and dimensional accuracy of the components can be achieved. In fact, this is one of the greatest advantages of prefabricating a steel frame. Although such a steel frame requires preliminary design, the use of structural components with exact dimensions significantly speeds up the construction of the building frame and the assembly of the frame at the construction site.

 One of the solutions for steel construction is described in the previously filed international patent application N PCT / F193 / 00286, which corresponds to the patent application of Finland 950054. In it, the building frame consists mainly of finished steel profile components of a rectangular shape. In this case, steel columns made of standard pipe beams are used in the building frame. Horizontal beams are, for example, the so-called Delta beams or HQ beams. So-called U-beams can also be used. In the Delta beam, the side plates between the lower and upper plates, i.e. the walls of the beam, are inclined to each other and provided with holes. At the lower end of the beam protruding from the lower plate of the beam, there are horizontal flanges on each side of the beam. A rectangular HQ beam differs from a Delta beam in that its walls are vertical. The main feature of the invention according to the application PCT / F193 / 00286 is that individual connecting elements are used at the joints of the building frame for connecting columns and beams.

 However, for building frames made entirely of steel, it is difficult to meet the requirements for strength and durability. A structure made of one concrete also has both advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, the combination of a steel frame and a concrete frame, i.e. the so-called composite structure, gives a possible solution. In this case, concrete is poured into the steel frame or onto steel plates with the formation of a rigid and durable composite structure that combines the advantages of both steel and concrete structures.

 The above-mentioned application PCT / F193 / 00286 describes a composite structure consisting of a steel structure and concrete, in which columns and beams and connecting elements between them are filled with concrete. The strength and fire resistance of the structure, in addition, is increased by placing concrete reinforcement in monolithic concrete inside the beams and columns in the usual way.

 However, the disadvantage of this, in itself, excellent known structure is that pouring concrete into the steel structure is sometimes problematic. If box beams are used, it is difficult to fill them with concrete through holes in the walls of the beam. It is not always possible to be sure that the beams are completely filled with concrete, so as to create a defect-free beam structure. In addition to problems with concrete filling, the use of separate connecting elements in the joints of columns and beams in this method slightly increases the amount of installation work. On the other hand, such a structure is obtained quite simply, and the connecting elements provide for the assembly of intersecting beams.

 An object of the present invention is to provide a building frame for a composite structure that is simpler, more durable and more quickly constructed than known structures.

 This task is achieved due to the fact that in the building frame of the composite structure, including horizontal steel beams and vertical steel columns, and horizontal beams and columns, mainly pre-made so that they can be assembled at a construction site, for example, using bolts, after which concrete reinforcement is introduced into the structure, if necessary, concrete is poured into the steel structure so that the steel frame and concrete create a composite structure, where the upper column is located in the frame laid vertically at essentially the same point as the column below the horizontal beam, and the horizontal beam is located between the upper column and the lower column, where the upper column rests on the lower column through the horizontal beam, the upper column is supported from above on the bottom of the horizontal beam or the lower plate of the horizontal beam, or on its side flange, and the lower column is mounted below essentially at the corresponding point of the lower part of the horizontal beam or its side flange.

 It is advisable to connect the column above the horizontal beam and the column below it together with bolts passing through the lower part of the horizontal beam. Thus, the joints below and above the horizontal beam can be made simultaneously.

 The column above the horizontal beam and the column below it can be connected at the protruding point of the horizontal beam so that some of the fixing bolts pass through the lower part of the horizontal beam, while some of the fixing bolts pass through the lower part of the second horizontal beam.

 It is possible to make a horizontal beam at least partially open in the upper part and wide enough for the overlying column to pass from above through the horizontal beam, with emphasis on its lower part, while the underlying column is attached to the lower part of the horizontal beam at essentially the same point that top column.

 In this kind of structure, the load from the column above the horizontal beam can be directed just to the point where the lower column is located, this structure has the advantage, since the bending moment caused by eccentric loading does not remain in the structure.

 Thus, the advantages of the U-beam and the box-shaped beam are combined. The result is a structure that is easy to reinforce and fill with concrete. Obviously, it is much easier to reinforce and pour concrete into a box-shaped beam, which is at least partially open in the upper part, than to do the same with a regular box-shaped beam.

 The construction according to the invention allows the use of a vertical column and a horizontal beam as a continuous structure at the connection point, which also helps to ensure the rigidity at the connection point of the column and horizontal beam, which becomes possible when using the in-situ pouring method. With the help of this design, unbroken, continuous structures are formed during construction; in other words, the structure of the frame is rigid without any articulating joints.

 The horizontal beam may be U-shaped and include a lower plane and walls between which the column can be installed against the bottom of the horizontal beam.

 The upper column may be located between the vertical walls of the horizontal beam and against both walls to secure the column, for example, with bolts.

 The horizontal beam may be a box beam, on the upper surface of which there are holes for installing a vertical column on the bottom of the horizontal beam.

 It is possible to make the building frame in such a way that the upper column is wide enough so that at least part of it can be located outside the horizontal beam, while the upper column is supported on the side flanges of the horizontal beam on top and the lower column is installed on the bottom on the side flanges horizontal beams.

 In another embodiment of the building frame, the vertical walls are welded to the horizontal beam or at least one vertical wall is formed by bending from the bottom plane plate.

 At least one vertical reinforcing flange may be attached to the bottom surface of the horizontal beam.

The invention is further described using examples with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 shows a side view of a joining point of a building frame according to the invention.

 FIG. 2 shows a top view of a connection point of a building frame according to the invention.

 FIG. 3 shows details of the chassis of FIG. 1 and 2 in perspective.

 FIG. 4-6 show various profiles of different embodiments of a horizontal beam according to the invention.

 FIG. 7 corresponds to FIG. 3 and shows a perspective view of a detail of a building frame according to a second embodiment of the invention.

 FIG. 8 corresponds to FIG. 3 and shows a perspective view of a detail of a building frame according to a third embodiment of the invention.

 FIG. 9 shows a side view of the structure of FIG. 8.

 FIG. 10 shows a top view of the structure of FIG. 8.

 FIG. 11 corresponds to FIG. 9 and shows a side view of a carcass structure according to a fourth embodiment of the invention.

 FIG. 12 shows a top view of the structure of FIG. eleven.

 FIG. 1 shows a side view of a detail of a building frame according to the invention, on which you can see the connection point of the steel vertical column 12 and the steel horizontal beam 21. At the connection point, the vertical column 12 consists of two parts, which are the column 12a above the horizontal beam 21 and the column 12b below horizontal beam 21. Flanges 17a and 17b are attached at the ends of both parts 12a and 12b of the vertical column.

 According to the invention, the horizontal beam 21 used in the structure is a U-shaped beam open in the upper part including the lower plate 22, vertical walls 23a and 23b and mounting flanges 27a and 27b protruding on the sides of the lower part. A plate 22 at the bottom of the horizontal beam 21 is located on the mounting flange 17b of the vertical beam 12b directly below the horizontal beam. Accordingly, the mounting flange 17a of the vertical column 12a above the horizontal beam 21 is located directly on top of the lower plate 22 of the horizontal beam 21.

 In the structure of FIG. 1, the holes for the bolts are made in the lower part 22 of the horizontal beam 21 and, respectively, the holes for the bolts are made at the corresponding points on the mounting flanges 17a and 17b of the vertical column 12a and 12b above and below the horizontal beam 21. If the horizontal beam 21 is installed during the construction of the building frame in place between the columns 17a and 17b of the vertical columns 12a and 12b, the bolt holes in them also coincide with each other. In this case, the flanges 17a and 17b and the horizontal beam 21 between them can be fastened to each other by bolts 14. As for the steel structure, its connection with this ends. The connection of horizontal beams can, if necessary, be reinforced with vertical elements made of steel sheet, which are bolted inside the vertical walls of horizontal beams.

 After the construction of steel structures, structures of the intermediate floor 11 of the building are mounted. For this purpose, the horizontal beam in FIG. 1 there are mounting flanges 27a and 27b protruding from two sides of it. Concrete slabs or steel profiles acting as a framework for casting the intermediate floor are laid on top of these flanges 27a and 27b.

 When the steel structures and the elements of the intermediate floor of the building frame are installed, the concrete reinforcement is placed both in the horizontal beam 21 and the vertical column 12. In the horizontal beam 21 in FIG. 1, the concrete reinforcement 19 is passed through both the openings 15 made for it and through the openings 16 provided for filling with concrete. Finally, the concrete is filled so that both the vertical column 12 and the horizontal beam 21 are filled with concrete. In FIG. 1, the upper surface of cast concrete is, for example, at a level corresponding to the upper surface of the elements of the intermediate floor.

 In FIG. 2 shows a top view of the connection point of the frame structure in FIG. 1. On it, the column 12 is located on the protruding part 13 of the horizontal beam 21. From FIG. 2 it can be seen that two mounting bolts 14 of the upper vertical column 12a pass through the mounting flange 17a and through the lower part 22a of the first horizontal beam 21a. Accordingly, two bolts 14 pass through the mounting flange 17a and the lower part 22b of the second horizontal beam 21b. At the connection point at the bottom of the vertical column 12a and at the bottom of the horizontal beams 21a and 21b, the lower vertical column shown in FIG. 1.

 In FIG. 3 shows in perspective a detail of the building frame of FIG. 1 and 2. Columns 12a and 12b are bolted together so that the ends 21a and 21b of both horizontal beams remain between the mounting flange 17a of the upper column 12a and the corresponding mounting flange of the lower column 12b.

 In FIG. 3, the installed concrete reinforcement 19 of the structure is also visible. In the horizontal direction, the concrete reinforcement 19 extends inside the U-shaped horizontal beam 21 parallel to it so that part of the reinforcing elements 19 extends along one side between the vertical wall of the flange 23a and the vertical column 12a.

 Accordingly, on the other side of the U-shaped beam 21, concrete reinforcement extends between the other vertical wall of the flange 23b and the column 12a. In addition, the horizontal concrete reinforcement 19 is inserted so that it passes through the vertical column 12a. To this end, holes 15 are made in the vertical column 12a. In FIG. 3, one of the reinforcing concrete elements 19 also passes through a hole 16 for filling with concrete.

 Accordingly, the vertical concrete reinforcement 19 is located inside the column 12a in the frame structure of FIG. 3. Horizontal and vertical intersecting concrete reinforcing elements 19 provide, together with steel beams 21 and steel columns 12, reliable reinforcement. When filling the beam structure with concrete, a rigid and strong composite structure is created that meets the present invention.

 In FIG. 3, the advantage of the structure according to the present invention is clearly seen in that the structure formed by columns 12 and horizontal beams 22 does not have such designed parts that require marking of the structures of the intermediate floor. In FIG. 3 intermediate floor structures, such as, for example, profile slabs can be mounted essentially resting directly on the mounting flanges 27 along the edges of the horizontal beams 22 without any marking: the vertical column 12 does not intersect the intermediate floor structures between the vertical walls 23 of the horizontal beam 22.

 In FIG. 4 shows a profile of one embodiment of the present invention in which wall flanges 23a and 23b are welded with a seam 24 to the bottom of surface 22. Thus, a U-shaped beam structure is obtained into which concrete can be easily poured from above. Wall flanges 23a and 23b are located at a distance from the edge of the lower flange 22, and thus, mounting flanges 27a and 27b of the intermediate floor are formed on the outer surface of the wall flanges 23a and 23b.

 In FIG. 5 shows a profile of another embodiment of a horizontal beam 21 according to the present invention, this profile being asymmetric. One wall flange 23b is made from the bottom of the surface 22 by bending. On the opposite side, the wall flange 23a is obtained by welding with the lower part 22 by means of the weld 24. Asymmetric U-beam 21 can be applied, for example, near the outer wall of the building in a place where there is an intermediate floor on only one side of the horizontal beam 21.

 In FIG. 6 shows a profile of a third embodiment of a horizontal beam 21 according to the present invention, in which there are no welds. In this case, the U-shaped beam 21 and its mounting flanges 27a and 27b are made of one sheet by bending.

 In FIG. 7 shows in perspective a detail of a chassis according to a second embodiment of the invention. In it, the horizontal beams 21c and 21d are box-shaped beams, on the upper surface of which holes 25a and 25b are made. The holes 25a made at the junction of the horizontal beams 21c and 21d are large enough to allow the end of the vertical column 12a with its mounting flanges 17 to pass through the hole 25a until it stops with the bottom of the horizontal beam 21. The vertical columns 12a and 12b are fixed at the bottom of the horizontal beams 21 in the same manner as in the embodiment of the invention shown in FIG. 1-3. Concrete filling can be easily done through holes 25b on the upper surface of the horizontal beam 21. If you need to install more columns in the structure, these holes 25b can also be used as mounting holes for columns.

 In addition, the vertical plate-shaped reinforcing flanges 26 are bonded to the upper surface of the lower part of the horizontal beam in FIG. 7. They are perforated or shaped to ensure adhesion of concrete. The horizontal beam 21 can be reinforced with reinforcing flanges 26 to such an extent that it is not always necessary to use separate horizontal concrete reinforcing elements. In any case, the necessary additional reinforcement will be significantly less than without reinforcing flanges 26.

 In FIG. 8 shows in perspective a detail of the frame of a building according to a third embodiment of the invention. In this embodiment, the column 12 is large enough to allow the horizontal beam 21 to pass inside it. In the structure of FIG. 8, the hole 18 for the horizontal beam 21 is made in the column 12c above the horizontal beam 21, in which case the mounting flanges 17 remain on the outside of the horizontal beam 21. In this case, the mounting flange 27 of the horizontal beam 21 remains between the mounting flange 17c of the upper column 12c and the mounting flange 17d bottom column. The mounting flanges 17c, 27 and 17d are fastened together by bolts 14.

 In FIG. 8, the column 12 has concrete reinforcing elements 19, and the horizontal beam 21 has reinforcing flanges 26, which also remain inside the concrete for pouring into the structure. It is also possible to supply a column 12 with internally reinforced flanges 26, in which case a separate concrete reinforcement is not required.

 In FIG. 9 is a side view of the structure of FIG. 8. In FIG. 9 it can be seen that the hole 18 made in the column 12c corresponds in size to the horizontal beam 21 so that the horizontal beam 12 extends into the made hole.

 In FIG. 10 shows a top view of the structure of FIG. 8. The mounting flanges 17 of the column 12c lie on the mounting flanges 27a and 27b of the horizontal beam.

 In FIG. 8-10, holes for pouring concrete are not shown, however, they exist according to the present invention. The columns in FIG. 8-10 have, if necessary, holes for pouring concrete in the same way as shown in FIG. 1, 3 and 7. The main thing is that concrete can be poured into the structure in such a way that both the columns and horizontal beams are filled with concrete and, therefore, form a rigid composite structure with the structure inside.

 In FIG. 11 is a side view of the frame structure corresponding to FIG. 1 and 12, which shows a top view. However, the difference between this embodiment of the invention is that the column 12e is so large that it completely occupies the inner space of the horizontal beam 21. Therefore, a much larger hole for the column 12e should be made on the upper surface of the horizontal beam 21. An advantage of this structure is that, if necessary, the column 12e can be bolted 14a directly to the wall 23 of the horizontal beam 21. Thus, they provide greater strength. For the final strength of the structure, this does not matter, since the strength is determined by the properties of the composite structure formed of concrete and steel.

 One skilled in the art will appreciate that various embodiments of the present invention may vary within the scope of the following claims.

Claims (10)

 1. The building frame of the composite structure, including horizontal steel beams (21) and vertical steel columns (12), and horizontal beams and columns, mainly pre-made so that they can be assembled at a construction site, for example, using bolts (14 ), after which concrete reinforcement (19) is introduced into the structure, if necessary, concrete is poured into the steel structure so that the steel frame and concrete create a composite structure, where in the frame the upper column (12a) is located vertically, essentially at the same point that the column (12b) is below the horizontal beam and the horizontal beam (21) is located between the upper column (12a) and the lower column (12b), where the upper column (12a) rests on the lower column (12b) through horizontal beam (21), characterized in that the upper column (12a) is supported from above on the bottom of the horizontal beam (21), either on the lower plate (22) of the horizontal beam (21), or on its side flange (27a) and that the lower the column (12b) is mounted below, essentially, at the corresponding point of the lower part (22) of the horizontal beam (2 1) or its side flange (27a).  2. The building frame according to claim 1, characterized in that the column (12a) above the horizontal beam (21) and the column (12b) below it are connected together by bolts (14) passing through the lower part (22) of the horizontal beam.  3. A building frame according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the column (12a) above the horizontal beam (21) and the column (12b) below it are connected at the protruding point (13) of the horizontal beam so that some of the mounting bolts ( 14) pass through the lower part (22a) of the horizontal beam (21a) and that some of the fixing bolts (14) pass through the lower part (22b) of the second horizontal beam (21b).  4. The building frame according to paragraphs. 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the horizontal beam (21) is made at least partially open in the upper part and wide enough for the overlying column (12a) to pass from above through the horizontal beam, with emphasis in its lower part (22) and the underlying column (12b) is attached to the bottom of the horizontal beam (21) at substantially the same point as the upper column (12a).  5. Building frame according to any one of paragraphs. 1-4, characterized in that the horizontal beam (21) has a U-shape and includes a lower plane (22) and walls (23), between which the column (12) is installed against the bottom of the horizontal beam.  6. Building frame according to any one of paragraphs. 1-5, characterized in that the upper column (12a) is located between the vertical walls (23) of the horizontal beam (21) and against both walls for securing the column, for example, with bolts.  7. Building frame according to any one of paragraphs. 1-6, characterized in that the horizontal beam (21) is a box-shaped beam, on the upper surface of which there are holes (25) for installing a vertical column (12) on the lower part of the horizontal beam.  8. The building frame according to any one of paragraphs. 1-8, characterized in that the upper column (12a) is wide enough so that at least part of it can be located outside the horizontal beam (21), that the upper column (12a) is supported on the side flanges (27a) of the horizontal beam (21) from above and that the lower column (12b) is mounted from below on the side flanges (27a) of the horizontal beam (21).  9. The building frame according to any one of paragraphs. 1-8, characterized in that the vertical walls (23) are welded to a horizontal beam (21) or at least one vertical wall (23) is formed by bending from the plate of the lower plane (22).  10. Building frame according to any one of paragraphs. 1-9, characterized in that at least one vertical reinforcing flange (26) is attached to the lower surface (22) of the horizontal beam (21).

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