FI69178C - BYGGNADSSYSTEM BASERAT PAO TUNNA BETONGPLATTOR OCH KASSETTELEMENT FOER GENOMFOERANDE AV DETSAMMA - Google Patents

Description

69178

Construction system based on thin concrete slabs and cassette element for implementing the system

The invention relates to a building system and an associated cassette element using thin concrete slabs made of steel strip-5 by rolling or other concreting, with steel brackets, which remain part of the final structure while forming concrete-ready surfaces for the structure.

The invention relates to a construction system in which two prefabricated standard widths of steel bars and thin concrete slabs of the required length are assembled opposite each other, stacking and trapping them together mechanically so as to mechanically fasten the reinforcing beams together forming a web of trusses and traps, In the cassettes thus formed, the space between the plates may be empty, containing channel and conductor structures; partially or completely filled with various thermal insulation, filled with concrete ·, aerated concrete or similar on site Vale-20 either partially or completely. By placing the cassettes in the vertical or horizontal position of the side panels, wall, tile or similar structures are obtained. The surface plates of the cassettes remain part of the final structures and their steel stiffeners form the major part of the reinforcement of the final structure.

Current construction methods using reinforced concrete are mainly based on two different techniques throughout the building or in different components. One of these is the standard in-situ casting technique, in which strong mold structures have to be made for the molded structures 30 using board, plywood, steel or plastic as the mold surface. The latter materials are only used in reusable mold structures such as large molds, table, corner and cup molds. The reinforcements are installed 35 and supported in a moldable space, followed by concreting. After sufficient bonding, the molds are dismantled and the construction of the frame is continued step by step. Later, more or less successful concrete surfaces that become visible during the interior manufacturing step are cleaned, patched, leveled and painted or coated as desired.

Another common construction method is element construction based on the use of different element systems. In this case, the reinforced concrete frame is assembled at the factory from prefabricated structural parts, the elements are welded to each other by steel grips and the joints are protected by flux casting. The elements are heavy to transport and install. Element construction constrains design and imposes restrictions on the implementation of HVAC systems. In addition, element joints cause air, heat and sound leaks in the final structures.

Efforts have also been made to use prefabricated and in-situ casting construction methods 15 in parallel in joint structures of walls and slabs, where steel sheet or thin-concrete sheet formwork structures form part of the final structure. The use of prefabricated reinforced concrete slabs in such fabrication of reinforced concrete walls is described as 20 mm. CH Patent Publication No. 464,479 and DE Application Publication Nos. 2,236,463 and 2,310,348, all of which disclose formwork panels that remain part of the final structure, either externally supported or bonded together by steel to be used as a wall mold. The presented solutions 25 do not allow the concrete slabs to be bonded together into a bending-resistant cassette structure and thus their use is limited only to structures where the rigidity of one reinforced concrete slab is sufficient or has to be supported by other structures. PI Patent Application No. 79 0862 30, on the other hand, describes the construction of a "cassette element" cast in place by means of a temporary intermediate filling for a single civil protection structure and a method of constructing SI-class civil shields based on its use, which also produces a cassette with limited bending capacity. The previously known systems described above have not achieved a cassette structure formed by the factory-produced 3,691,788 lightweight plate elements which can withstand bending stresses in the case of very thick and richly reinforced wall structures.

Although concrete and reinforced concrete are excellent building materials, their use in, for example, detached houses and 5 agricultural buildings has not been economically resolved, which is why the use of concrete in these is still low. The goal of economic construction is to produce industrially standard-sized building components with the least amount of work and the final structures without unnecessary work steps, quickly completed at low cost and taking into account the requirements and wishes set by the builder for the use of the building. The current construction methods each have their own limitations and weaknesses, and thus the most advantageous building system for almost 15 developers has not yet been achieved.

The construction system according to the invention is mainly characterized in that the thin-concrete slabs are mechanically connected either at the factory or on the construction site by trapping their truss structures against each other, rigidly suitable as prestressed cassette elements. By installing the set elements in parallel in a vertical or horizontal position, structures are formed in which the space between the thin concrete slabs determined by the height of the steel bars is available as a thermal insulation space and / or as a cast-in-place concrete and / or ventilation, pipe, electrical or other conduit.

Thus, according to the invention, industrially produced thin-width concrete slabs with steel struts are connected to each other as cassette structures by connectors providing a bending capacity. Thin concrete slabs are formed into a cassette structure that can withstand bending stress with two different principles. The structure can be formed either by mounting the thin concrete slabs opposite each other on the traps of each other and locking them in the diagonal steel V-angles of the traps with tensioned wide flange trap locks. a U-5 or I-steel profile is attached to the trap structure, which, fitted to the edge of the opposite plate, secures the plates to each other for bending resistance.

The bending-resistant cassettes made in this way are used in many different ways as a basic wall, underground wall, external wall, partition wall, lower floor, midsole and upper floor, and velo roof structure, or as a basic part thereof. In this way, a significant improvement in the productivity of the construction industry and an expansion of the range of applications for reinforced concrete structures can be achieved.

The invention will become more apparent from the following description 15 and the accompanying drawings, in which Fig. 1 shows axonometrically a basic part of a building system, a thin concrete slab with steel jaws, Fig. 2 shows a section taken from point AA in Fig. 1, Fig. 3 shows a sectional view of a cassette element when earned shows a sectional view of the cassette element in the direction of the traps when the space is filled with be-25 ton casting, Fig. 5 shows a sectional view of the cassette element in the direction of the traps with the space filled partly with thermal insulation and partly with Fig. 11 shows the trap lock in more detail, Fig. 12 shows an alternative embodiment 33 to the trap lock of Fig. 1 * J, and Fig. O shows a sectional view of the cassette according to a preferred embodiment in the direction of the traps.

5 69178

In the following, the construction system according to the invention will be illustrated step by step by describing the production of the basic part of the system, a thin concrete slab with steel brackets, the assembly of the cassette element, alternative cassette-5 element internal structures and finally the cassette elements.

Ohutbetonilaatan_valmistaminen

Figure 1 shows the basic part of a building system, a thin concrete slab 2 with steel traps 3.5. To prepare this basic part, two different manufacturing methods are described. Firstly, the casting of a concrete trowel on a solid base by means of a casting machine, which is known per se, in which case both the steel mesh 4 in the slab 2 and the trap structures 3,5 are installed tensioned in the longitudinal direction before casting on the base. The casting machine ensures the position of the 1 r> steels halfway through the thickness of the slab 2. In the manufacture of the slab 2 according to the invention, the steel boots 3,5 are formed from the same steel mesh as the reinforcement 4 of the slab part 2 by bending the mesh transversely to two corrugations traps 5 or by welding the steel mesh directly into a shape containing trap parts. The height of the traps 3.5 in plates 2 made for different purposes may vary. Trap grids can also be manufactured separately in a known manner and mounted on the reinforcing mesh of the slab 2 before casting, although this method of reinforcement is not as economical as described above. Such a truss is e.g. German Fili-3υ Gran-trap. Second, the manufacture of the basic part of the building system is described by the inventors as a concrete strip rolling method 1 according to Finnish patent No. 53 * 111, in which a .

6 69178

Due to the thinness of the concrete slab 2, the steel mesh must be made of either hot-dip galvanized or otherwise shielded or stainless steel due to the possible unprotected use of the trap parts 3.5. As a cassette structure, the trap parts 5 3.5 can still be specially protected.

The thin concrete slab 2 can be surface treated as desired, the mass used can also be colored concrete, among the mass fibers can be used to strengthen and seal the concrete layer and the slab 2 can be treated with separate treatments. with plastic also make waterproof.

The thin concrete slab 2 can be lifted or otherwise treated from the steel struts 3> 5 as four-point lifts on slopes, however, earning 3.5 side deflections or by means of auxiliary supports preventing side deflections.

15 Assembling the cassette elements according to the invention

Figures 3 to 6 show the basic solutions for the production of cassette elements 1 assembled from the basic parts of the system described above. In this case, it should be noted that the base plates 2 can be assembled into cassettes 1 in advance at the factory manufacturing the elements 20, or the assembly can be carried out only at the construction site in the position and position required by the structure. The filling step of the inner part of the cassette 1 also depends on the purpose of the element and the filling material.

Figure 3 shows a simple cassette 1 in which the base plates 25 are mounted opposite each other at the rest of the traps 3,5 and tensioned by means of wide-angle trap locks 6 mounted on opposite V-corners of the diaconal steels 3 of the traps 3,5. The compressive stress of the locks 6 forms a permanent prestress on the diaconal steels 3 and is transferred to the thin concrete slabs 2 via flanges 7, the friction between the flanges 7 and the plate 2, the trap diagonal with respect to each other and at the same time they form a bending capacity for the entire cassette structure 1. The number of trap locks 6 is determined by the size and intended use of the cassette element 1 on the basis of the bending stress. The cassette element 1 can be filled according to Fig. 3 with a heat-insulating material 8, whereby the element 1 can be used as such e.g. for wall and top floor structures or alternatively as a casting space for in-situ cast concrete 9 according to Fig. According to Fig. 5, a thermal insulation layer 8 'or plate can be attached to the inner surface of the second base plate 2, whereby the remainder of the cassette 1 space can be used for structural concreting 9' or the cassette element 1 can be installed completely open in its final application. by pipeline, electric or other conduit. A preferred embodiment of this is shown in the arrangement according to Fig. 13, in which the U-profile 17 is installed inside the cassette element 1 against the open side of the thin concrete slab 2 before pouring the frame concrete 18, 15 the U-profile 17 together forming a thin concrete slab? with a longitudinal cavity 1 of the element 1, which can be used as an air transmission, pipe or electrical channel or for other similar purposes, the necessary connections to the channel being obtained by drilling the desired holes through the thin concrete-20 drain element.

Fig. 6 shows a cassette element solution 1 ', in which a steel profile 10 is attached to the second trap structure 3', 5 'of each base plate 2'. In this case, the base plates 2 'are mounted at a phase shift end and the steel profile 25 is fitted at the edge of the opposite plate 2' makes the cassette 1 'bend resistant. For the filling of the intermediate space, the procedure can be the same as described above. The base plates 2 'can also be installed with overlaps according to Fig. 10, whereby a sloping ve-30 roof structure can be stacked from the cassette element without a separate cream insulation. The roof structure utilizes the thermal insulation of the snow layer during periods of frost, because the structure does not require ventilation.

! 5§] i§iQD§Q-l!? YlS§i§tei3 structures_applification_case; of elements 35 Figures 7-10 show some typical structures made of thin concrete slab cassettes.

Fig. 7 shows the structure of the underground outer wall of the basement of a detached house with the cassette elements 1 mounted vertically, 8 69178 whereby the foot structures can also be replaced by prefabricated groove sensors 12 placed on the base ground at the joints of the elements 1. The cassette elements 1 are mounted on these foot grooves. The horizontal steels required by the structure are installed in the intermediate space of the lower part of the cassette elements 1 and the entire intermediate space of the wall is concreted at the same time, whereby the wall and its foot parts become a completely monolithic structure. The compacted gravel around the bottom end ym-10 of the sensor elements and the cassette elements transfers the loads of the structure to the ground and the ready-made thermal insulation layer in the intermediate space of the cassette ensures sufficient insulation for the structure.

Fig. 8 shows the use of the cassette element 1 according to Fig. 3 as a wall or top floor structure already thermally insulated.

Fig. 9 shows the cassette cassette element 1 'of Fig. 6 as a wall or top floor structure pre-thermally insulated.

Figure 10 shows the cassette element as a sloping water roof structure stacked in.

In the assembly of the cassette elements according to Figs. 3-5, a trap lock 6 according to Fig. 11 can be used, in which a centrally articulated steel member thanks to the lateral rigidity required for the cassette element 1 during transfers and transports. An alternative trap lock 6 * to the trap lock 6 of Fig. 11 can be seen in Fig. 12, which shows a three-piece trap lock 6 'used for assembling a cassette element, in which the outer ends of the threaded end portions 15 form a cassette element by means of which the trap lock 6 'can be tightened in place at the adjacent traps 35 between the slabs.

The construction system according to the invention is characterized in that when using the intermediate space of the thin concrete slabs 2 of the cassettes 1 for concreting in the system, the advantages of modern element technology are at their best in terms of lightness and ease of installation of elements 1 and traditional in-situ casting technology. The advantages of the system are li ·· '5 oo e.g. the fact that the steels 3, 5 industrially mounted on the slabs 2 form the main part of the reinforcement of the final structure, the possibilities of implementing HVAC and electrical systems utilizing the interiors of the cassette elements 1 allow for individual design, formwork 10 does not need to be dismantled

Likewise, the stiffening, sound insulation, sealing and sealing difficulties of existing element systems are eliminated. When a cassette element 1 is used, in which the intermediate space is the location of the thermal insulation 8 alone, the construction system according to the invention is a pure element construction system and its advantages over existing precast concrete systems consist of surface quality, production economy and lightness of structures. The construction system 20 according to the invention, with its many uses, reduces the number of working hours required in construction compared to the present. The total construction time will shorten as the frame work phase speeds up and the interior preparation work decreases. The energy demand during the construction phase is reduced as the construction time is shortened because there is no need to leave mold outlets in the building envelope and thus the cost during construction is reduced. The construction system described is well suited for detached houses, large buildings, low-rise buildings as well as apartment buildings · The construction system according to the invention has not previously been possible because thin concrete slabs 2 with steel brackets 3 * 5 used as a basic part of cassette elements 1 cannot be manufactured lightly and . The actual breakthrough in the production of thin-35 concrete slabs 2 in order to obtain a product of high quality, compact and dimensionally accurate was caused by the invention of strip rolling of concrete. The present invention for the production of steel boots from the same real mesh as the reinforcement of the thin concrete slab itself allows a very economical production. It is also possible to develop the production of thin concrete slab as a mechanical in-situ casting for fixed casting platforms using long beam 5 or hollow slab casting equipment so that they are suitable for the production of thin concrete slabs with trap structures.

Claims (3)

1. Construction system, in which thin concrete slabs made by belt rolling of concrete or other concrete process and provided at one surface with protruding steel core (3,5), cassette elements are formed, which, by mounting next to each other in upright or horizontal position, are formed , in which the height of the iron structures (3.5) determined by the binding, can be used as a space for thermal insulation (8) and / or as a casting space for cast concrete (9) and / or as ventilation, pipe and concrete space (2). , electrical or other conduits and at which the thin concrete slabs (2) will form part of the final construction and simultaneously form concrete ready-made surfaces for the construction, characterized by the connection of the thin concrete slabs (2) either at the factory or ρέ. the building site mechanically at each other by means of the binder yarn structures for rigid cassette elements (Ί), in which the thin concrete slabs (2) with reinforcement (4-) and the binder yarn (3,5) together act as bend-proof structures. A cassette element for implementing the building system according to claim 1, wherein the cassette element (1) is composed of thin concrete slabs (2), characterized in that the baseplates (2) are arranged against one another with the binder (3,5) between each other and loaded by means of V - the bend of iron bead reader (6) with wide flanges in place to form a shear-resistant joint, or that one or the binder profile (ΊΟ) of one of the binder structure (3 ', 5') is fixed to the base plate (2 '), resistance (2 ') edge (2') the plates (2 ') bend at a fixed angle to each other at a phase-shift distance from each other. A cassette element according to claim 2, in which, as a base plate, a reinforced binder plate (2) is provided with a binder yarn (3,5) made of concrete as a process product as a process product, characterized in that it is manufactured at 2) the rack reinforcement fed into the belt rolling device comprises in the final product binder iron structures (5.5) of standard-height rods, which serve as the lifting members of the plate (2) for transport and lifting and as a fixed means for connecting the thin concrete plates in pairs to cassette elements. (Ί).