EP0385923B1 - Structural member for the construction of buildings, parts of buildings or the like - Google Patents

Abstract

PCT No. PCT/DE90/00051 Sec. 371 Date Jul. 24, 1991 Sec. 102(e) Date Jul. 24, 1991 PCT Filed Jan. 29, 1990 PCT Pub. No. WO90/08866 PCT Pub. Date Aug. 9, 1990.A building element for erecting buildings, parts of buildings or the like has at least one panel (3) which is horizontal in the position of use and which is provided with a reinforcement. Support elements (4) are mounted in the corner regions of the panel perpendicular to the plane of the panel. The reinforcement is a volume-supporting framework and the interior of the panel is a completely hollow cavity interrupted only by the reinforcement. At least the partial region of the reinforcement facing the top of the panel in the position of use is embedded in an upper embedding region, preferably of concrete. The reinforcement has edge ribs along the edges of the panel and intersecting diagonal ribs. Lattice girders are embedded in the ribs and are suspended at their ends in stiffening shoes. The suspension regions are embedded in concrete or the like.

Description

The invention relates to a component for creating buildings, parts of buildings or the like ..

From document DE-OS 24 27 568 a component made of a concrete profile construction poured with concrete for the construction of buildings is known, which has the shape of a table and has a plate, two longitudinal cheeks and four or more columns. Individual stock values of a building can be erected from such components by placing them on a row of prefabricated cells forming the ground floor. Since the plate of the table-shaped components simultaneously forms the ceiling on the underside and the floor for the floor above on the top, these components are considerably lighter than known prefabricated cells and also require less material.

The problem with such components is that, for structural reasons, beams or similar supporting elements must be provided to prevent the plates from bending. In the known component, the beams are formed by longitudinal cheeks. Furthermore, it is difficult to accommodate the necessary supply lines, for example for water, sewage, electricity, heating or the like, in a building constructed from such components in such a way that on the one hand the construction is not weakened and on the other hand elaborate and costly work can be avoided. In the known component, it is not possible to accommodate supply lines within the component.

From the document DE-OS 24 38 376 a framework plate with an upper and a lower belt plate and struts connecting them is known. To support a ceiling formed from a plurality of such laterally interconnected truss panels on supports, the edge truss panels each have a solid block at their outer ends. It is not possible to guide supply lines or the like through the supports into the space between the upper and lower belt plate.

The invention is essentially based on the object of designing a component of the type mentioned in such a way that, even with relatively large dimensions of the plate, there are no deflections relevant in practice, so that no joists or the like are required. Another subtask consists in designing the component in such a way that lines of any type can be accommodated or arranged inexpensively and without problems.

The component according to the invention for the production of buildings, parts of buildings or the like has at least one plate which is horizontal in the position of use and has a reinforcement. The reinforcement is designed as a space structure. A part of the reinforcement is embedded in an upper embedding area. In the corner areas of the plate, transverse support elements are provided. To connect the plate to the support elements, stiffening shoes are arranged in the corner areas of the plate, which are connected to the reinforcement. The stiffening shoes each have a top plate arranged parallel to the plate and a bottom plate arranged parallel to the plate, as well as a plurality of web plates spacing the top and bottom plates. In the Stiffening shoes each have at least one channel open to the inner region of the reinforcement and to the corner.

Due to the fact that the reinforcement is designed as a space structure, there is no deflection relevant to practice, even with relatively large dimensions of the plate, so that no joists or the like are required in a structure constructed with such components. This gives you the greatest possible planning options for the interior of a building made from such components. Due to the embedding area, which is preferably made of concrete, the plate has a continuously closed surface. The space of the plate below the upper embedding area, which is only interrupted by the space support structure, can serve to accommodate all types of horizontally running lines. After the supply lines have been introduced, this space can be closed at the bottom by means of plate-shaped cladding elements which bear against the underside of the space structure.

The forces - for example the weight forces of a building constructed from components according to the invention - are absorbed by the stiffening shoes and passed on to the bottom component - via the respective support elements arranged below them. The at least one channel provided in the stiffening shoes serves to establish a connection between the cavity in the plate plane or the plate interior and the corner area. As a result, supply lines or the like can be routed through the support elements into the area of the space structure.

In a further embodiment of the invention it can be provided that the portion of the reinforcement facing the underside of the panel in the position of use is embedded in a lower embedding region extending over the panel level, so that in the panel between the upper and the lower a substantially continuous cavity is formed in the lower embedding area. This cavity is available for guiding or receiving lines, including heating lines, for example.

Because the reinforcement is only embedded in an upper and possibly in a lower embedding area made of concrete or the like, the component has a low weight, which is particularly advantageous for transport and installation.

In an expedient embodiment of the invention it can further be provided that the reinforcement designed as a space structure is designed in the form of a support grate made of lattice girders with non-positively connected, preferably welded, intersection points. It is advantageous here that such a space structure can be produced without great effort from sub-elements that are on the market as series products. As a result, the space structure can be created inexpensively.

According to a further feature of the invention it is provided that the component has recesses at the corners. The recesses are designed, for example, as bevels in the corners of the plate. The supporting elements also have continuous recesses in the longitudinal direction on their outer regions facing the corners, preferably formed as bevels.

If, for example, four components are arranged next to each other and thus four support elements face each other, the recesses between the support elements and plate corners result in a vertically running channel which opens into the cavities in the plates in the area of the respective plates, so that in this way vertical Channels and associated horizontal voids are present. These vertical channels and horizontal cavities can be used to hold cables that are neither visible from the outside nor from the inside of the building. Lines are not only understood to mean supply lines, but can also be, for example, underfloor heating, parts of an air conditioning system or the like.

It can also be provided that the reinforcement has edge ribs running along the plate edges and intersecting diagonal ribs. This crosswise reinforcement with edge stiffening results in a considerable reduction in the cost of materials and a high deflection stiffness of the component.

According to a further feature of the invention, it is provided that the edge ribs and the diagonal ribs have lattice girders embedded in concrete or the like, and the lattice girders at the crossing points of the diagonal ribs and at the connection points with stiffening shoes provided in the corner regions of the plate by embedding the crossing points and the connection points in concrete or the like are firmly connected to one another or to the stiffening shoes.

The stiffening shoes expediently have hook-like hook-in devices for hooking in bow-like end pieces of the lattice girders. This eliminates the need to produce a fixed connection of the diagonal ribs at the intersection points and the edge ribs and the diagonal ribs with the stiffening shoes provided in the corner regions of the plate, for example by welding, since the fixed connection is achieved in a simple manner in that the loosely attached to the Reinforcement of the diagonal ribs resting against each other and the ends of the reinforcement of the edge ribs and the diagonal ribs, initially loosely suspended in the hooking devices of the stiffening shoes, are firmly connected by embedding in concrete or the like. This enables the connections of the diagonal ribs to one another and the connections of the edge ribs and the diagonal ribs to the stiffening shoes provided in the corner regions to be produced in a simple manner, and thus an inexpensive production of the component.

• Fig. 1 eine schematische Darstellung einer Anzahl nebeneinander und übereinander angeordneter Bauelemente;
• Fig. 2 eine Draufsicht auf ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines Bauelementes;
• Fig. 3 einen Schnitt längs der Linie III-III in Fig. 2, wobei zur besseren Übersichtlichkeit die Stützelemente nicht gezeichnet sind;
• Fig. 4 einen Schnitt längs der Linie IV-IV in Fig. 3, wobei zur besseren Übersichtlichkeit die Stützelemente nicht dargestellt sind;
• Fig. 5 eine Schnittdarstellung entsprechend der Linie IV-IV in Fig. 2 durch ein Bauelement mit einer oberen Platte und einer unteren Platte und Stützelementen;
• Fig. 6 eine Darstellung entsprechend Fig. 5 für eine weitere Ausführungsform, bei der das die Armierung bildende Raumtragwerk lediglich in einen oberen Einbettungsbereich eingelagert ist;
• Fig. 7 eine schematische Draufsicht auf vier nebeneinander angeordnete Bauelemente;
• Fig. 8 den mittleren Bereich der Darstellung in Fig. 7 in vergrößerter Darstellung;
• Fig. 9 eine Teilansicht von Fig. 8 entsprechend der Linie IX-IX in vergrößertem Maßstab;
• Fig. 10 eine schematische perspektivische Darstellung eines Versteifungsschuhes;
• Fig. 11 eine schematische perspektivische Darstellung des Versteifungsschuhs gemäß Fig. 10, der in einen oberen und einen unteren Einbettungsbereich der Platte eingelagert ist.
• Fig.12 eine schematische Draufsicht auf die Platte eines Bauelementes in einer Schnittdarstellung etwa entsprechend der Linie XII-XII in Fig. 13
• Fig.13 eine schematische Schnittdarstellung etwa längs der Linie XIII-XIII in Fig. 12, wobei jedoch die Versteifungsschuhe in den Eckbereichen nicht dargestellt sind;
• Fig.14 eine schematische Draufsicht auf den durch die Verbindung von vier Bauelementen gemäß Fig. 12 in der Mitte gebildeten Knotenpunkt, wobei die jeweiligen Kopfplatten der Versteifungsschuhe nicht dargestellt sind, und lediglich für einen Versteifungsschuh die Anschlüsse der Randrippen und der Diagonalrippen schematisch dargestellt sind.

Embodiments of the invention are explained below with reference to the drawings. Show it:

• Figure 1 is a schematic representation of a number of components arranged side by side and one above the other.
• 2 shows a plan view of an exemplary embodiment of a component;
• 3 shows a section along the line III-III in FIG. 2, the support elements not being drawn for better clarity;
• 4 shows a section along the line IV-IV in FIG. 3, the support elements not being shown for better clarity;
• Figure 5 is a sectional view along the line IV-IV in Figure 2 by a component with an upper plate and a lower plate and support elements.
• FIG. 6 shows a representation corresponding to FIG. 5 for a further embodiment, in which the space structure forming the reinforcement is only embedded in an upper embedding area;
• 7 shows a schematic plan view of four components arranged next to one another;
• 8 shows the central region of the illustration in FIG. 7 in an enlarged illustration;
• Fig. 9 is a partial view of Figure 8 along the line IX-IX on an enlarged scale;
• 10 shows a schematic perspective illustration of a stiffening shoe;
• FIG. 11 shows a schematic perspective illustration of the stiffening shoe according to FIG. 10, which has an upper and a lower embedding area the plate is stored.
• FIG. 12 shows a schematic plan view of the plate of a component in a sectional illustration approximately along the line XII-XII in FIG. 13
• 13 shows a schematic sectional illustration approximately along the line XIII-XIII in FIG. 12, but the stiffening shoes in the corner regions are not shown;
• Fig. 14 is a schematic plan view of the node formed by the connection of four components according to Fig. 12 in the middle, the respective head plates of the stiffening shoes are not shown, and only the connections of the edge ribs and the diagonal ribs are shown schematically for a stiffening shoe.

In Fig. 1, several components 1 and 2 are arranged side by side and one above the other. The components 1 each have an (upper) plate 3 and support elements 4 running transversely to the plate plane. In addition to an upper plate 3, the components 2 also have a lower plate 5.

2 shows the top view of one of the plates 3. The corners of the plate are provided with bevels 6. The plate 3 has an inner reinforcement 7, which is designed as a space structure in the form of a support grate made of lattice girders with welded crossing points. The reinforcement designed as a space-bearing structure is embedded in its partial area facing the top of the slab in an upper concrete embedding area 8 extending over the slab level. The partial region of the reinforcement 7 facing the underside of the plate in the position of use is embedded in a lower concrete embedding region 9 which extends over the plate plane. As a result, a cavity 10 is formed in the panel 3 which extends in the panel plane and which is continuous except for the reinforcement. 3 and 4, the support elements 4 are not shown for better clarity.

5 shows a cross section through one of the components 2 according to FIG. 1. The components 1 and 2 differ in that in the components 1 only one (upper) plate 3 with supporting elements 4 extending downward is provided, while in a plate 5 is attached to the components 2 at the lower end of the supports 4, the structure of which corresponds to that of the plate 3.

The component shown in FIG. 6 and designated overall by 2a differs from component 2 according to FIG. 5 in that the upper plate, designated 3a in this case, only has an upper embedding area 8, but no lower embedding area 9. The room 10a, which is open at the bottom, can serve, like the room 10, for receiving horizontal lines or the like. The lack of the lower embedding area 9 proves to be particularly advantageous for the assembly of the lines. The open underside of the space 10a can be easily closed by cover plates or the like after the installation of lines.

It can also be provided that the plates 3 of the components 1 only have an upper embedding area 8.

Stiffening shoes 11 are embedded in the corner regions of the plates 3, 3a and 5, which are drawn on an enlarged scale in FIG. 10.

The bevels 6, which are provided in the corners of the plates, form channels 12 in the case of adjoining components, as can be seen in FIGS. 7 and 8. It should also be mentioned that the support elements 4 also have bevels at their corners. As a result, the channels 12 are continuous in the vertical direction and can accommodate lines or the like running vertically.

The stiffening shoes 11 each have a head plate 13 and a foot plate 14, which are connected to one another via web plates 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 and 20. A continuous channel 21 is thereby formed between the web plates 17 and 18 and the head plate 13 and the foot plate 14.

Via this channel 21, the horizontal cavity 10 or the space 10a and the vertical channels 12 are connected to one another in the position of use. For better clarity, no fastening devices for the support elements 4 are shown on the stiffening shoes 11 in FIG. 10. As can be seen from FIG. 11, the stiffening shoes 11 are respectively embedded in the upper embedding area 8 and the lower embedding area 9 of a plate 3. For better clarity, the reinforcement designed as a space-bearing structure is not shown in FIG. 11; on the other hand, it is indicated schematically that a support element 4 is connected at the bottom. Fastening elements for the support element 4 are also not shown in FIG. 11.

9 schematically shows the connection of upward and downward-pointing support elements 4 to the corner areas of a plate 3. A stiffening shoe 11 is embedded in the corner area of the plate 3. The upper embedding area 8 and the lower embedding area 9 each have conical recesses 22 which open into openings in the head plate 13 and the foot plate 14. These openings are penetrated by bolts 23 which are firmly embedded in the end faces of the support elements 4. The ends of the screw bolts 23 projecting into the interior of the stiffening shoes 11 are also screwed on for fastening nuts (not shown).

A component designated 101 in FIG. 12 and FIG. 13 has a plate 102 which is arranged horizontally in the position of use. In the corner areas of the plate, transverse support elements are provided. The support elements are shown schematically in FIG. 13 and are designated 103, 104 and 105 there. The component has recesses formed as bevels 106 to 109 at the corners.

The plate 102 has an upper embedding area 110 and a lower embedding area 111. The embedding areas 110 and 111 are made of concrete or the like.

The plate is also reinforced. This reinforcement has edge ribs 113, 114, 115 and 116 running along the plate edges and intersecting diagonal ribs 117 and 118. Lattice girders are embedded in the ribs 113 to 118 and have, at least at the ends in the position of use, approximately horizontally extending bow-like end pieces 119 to 130. Otherwise, the lattice girders have grid 131 known per se (see FIG. 13). The crossing point of the lattice girders of the diagonal ribs 117 and 118 is denoted by 132. The lattice girders are each embedded in concrete and in this way form the edge ribs 113, 114, 115 and 116 and the diagonal ribs 117 and 118. In addition, the edge ribs and the diagonal ribs are connected to the upper embedding area 110 and the lower embedding area 111, and thereby that this connection is made during the production by pouring and compacting the concrete.

In the corner areas, the component has stiffening shoes 133, 134, 135 and 136 made of metal. FIG. 14 shows the corner shown at the top right in FIG. 12 with the stiffening shoe 133, which has the bevel 106. To connect individual components 101 to one another with further components, the stiffening shoes located at the corners are screwed onto angle profiles 137 and 138 with corresponding angle profiles of adjacent stiffening shoes from adjacent components. The screws are schematically designated 139 and 140 in FIG. 14. The stiffening shoes also each have an approximately horizontal head plate (not shown in FIG. 14) and a foot plate 141 in the position of use. The top plate and the foot plate each have openings 142, 143, 144 and 145 for attaching one of the support elements 103, 104, 105. Furthermore, the stiffening shoes have hooking devices for hooking in the bow-like end pieces of the edge ribs of the diagonal ribs. 14, the bow-like end pieces 120 and 121 of the edge ribs 113 and 114 and the bow-like end piece 128 of the diagonal rib 118 are shown schematically. The bow-like end pieces 120 and 121 and 118 are suspended in suspension devices 146, 147 and 148 of the stiffening shoe 133. The hanging areas are then in the manufacture of the component 101 embedded in concrete, so that a firm connection was achieved.

Claims (12)

1. A building element for erecting buildings, parts of buildings or the like comprising at least one panel which is horizontal in the position of use and which has a reinforcement (7), wherein the reinforcement (7) is in the form of a space frame structure and a portion of the reinforcement (7) is embedded into an upper embedding region (8) and provided in the corner regions of the panel are support elements (4) which extend transversely with respect to the plane of the panel, and stiffening shoes (11) which are connected to the reinforcment (7) are arranged in the corner regions of the panel for connecting the panel to the support elements, wherein the stiffening shoes each comprise a top plate (13) arranged parallel to the panel and a bottom plate (14) arranged parallel to the panel and a plurality of web plates (15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20) which space the top and bottom plates, and wherein provided in the stiffening shoes (11) is at least one respective passage (21) which is open to the interior region of the reinforcement (7) and to the corner.
2. A building element according to claim 1 characterised in that the portion of the reinforcement (7) which is towards the underside of the panel in the position of use is also embedded into a lower embedding region (9) which extends over the plane of the panel.
3. A building element according to claim 1 or claim 2 characterised in that the reinforcement (7) which is a space frame structure is in the form of a bearer grid comprising lattice bearers with force-lockingly connected intersection points.
4. A building element according to claim 3 characterised in that the intersection points are welded.
5. A building element according to one of claim 1 to 4 characterised in that the building element has recesses at the respective corners.
6. A building element according to claim 5 characterised in that the recesses are in the form of bevels (6) in the corners of the panel (3, 3a, 5).
7. A building element according to claim 5 or claim 6 characterised in that the support elements (4) have recesses which are continuous in the longitudinal direction at their outer regions which are towards the corners.
8. A building element according to claim 7 characterised in that the recesses are in the form of bevels.
9. A building element according to claim 7 or claim 8 characterised in that the support elements (4) are arranged to butt force-lockingly against each other in a storey-wise manner at their ends.
10. A building element according to one of claim 1 to 9 characterised in that the reinforcement has edge ribs (113, 114, 115, 116) extending along the edges of the panel and mutually intersecting diagonal ribs (117, 118).
11. A building element according to claim 10 characterised in that the edge ribs (113, 114, 115, 116) and the diagonal ribs have lattice bearers which are embedded in concrete or the like and the lattice bearers are fixedly connected to each other and to the stiffening shoes respectively at the intersection points (132) of the diagonal ribs (117, 118) and at the points of connection with stiffening shoes (134, 134, 135, 136) provided in the corner regions of the panel (102), by embedding of the intersection points and the connecting points in concrete or the like.
12. A building element according to claim 11 characterised in that the stiffening shoes have hook-like suspension devices (146, 147, 148) for the suspension of loop-like end portions (119 to 130) of the lattice bearers.

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