DE4007977A1 - Concrete panels for ceilings - have moulded ducts to receive electric cables - Google Patents

Abstract

The ceiling is constructed from rectangular concrete panels (1) in which ducts (2) are moulded to receive electric cables. The depth of the duct (2) increases from a min. at the edge (3) along which the panel is supported, to a max. at the edge (4) which abuts against an adjoining panel. The upper wall of the panel has a line of elongated holes (7) which communicate with the duct. - After the electric cable (6) has been laid in the duct, the duct is filled with concrete which is injected through the elongated holes (7).

Description

The invention relates to a ceiling field for ceiling constructions with one or more spans, which consists of ceiling elements is produced with tension. Likewise relates the invention to a method for producing the ceiling field according to the invention. This exists in the construction industry general tendency to produce multi-day building skeletons which the ceiling elements with great resilience on in pillars arranged at large mutual intervals. Furthermore, there are demands that the building be minimal To build effort in material and work and as far as possible fast. These demands can be found in the first place Use of the assembled construction with prefabricated elements being satisfied.

The conventional prefabricated building skeletons consist of beams supported on the pillars and ceiling elements lying on them. The construction with prestressed concrete brought with it the first prestressed ceiling element, which is connected directly to the four pillars, an intermediate space between the pillars, without independent supporting beams. The connection to the surfaces next to the edges of the pillars is ensured by the corner cut-out of the ceiling element. Initially, this ceiling element was a bar grate with a top plate, later the plate-like construction containing cavities was designed with a lower or upper flat surface. The cables routed in the gaps between the cover elements cross holes in the pillars. As a result of the tension, the adjoining edges of the ceiling elements form beams with a high load capacity, while the surfaces adjoining the pillars, as a result of the tension, ensure the transfer of the load. In this way, the ceiling elements and the ceiling fields that can be expanded in this way, the spaces between the pillars as a result of the conditions of transport and the construction work are limited to a circumference of 20-25 m ² .

By connecting several ceiling elements one could Create ceiling fields with larger pillar spacing. The Moment-resistant connection or the connection of the elements of the Ceiling fields could be realized by tension.

A method is also known, in the course of which flat ceiling elements are combined and the moment resistance is achieved with the aid of a tensioned cable. With this solution, the cables are guided or tensioned on a curved path above the supporting lines, below, in the middle of the fields in concrete pipes, the so-called cable duct pipes. However, this method has numerous disadvantages; on the one hand, it is extremely difficult to connect the pipes with the desired accuracy, on the other hand, all supporting fields - ie generally two elements - require separate tensioning and anchoring due to the frictional resistance of the curved pipe tracks that receive the cables. Injecting the pipes with concrete can only be controlled with difficulty, the operation demands a high level of reliability.

Furthermore, a method is known in the course of which flat Deck elements are combined and by tensioning the Moment stability is achieved. This solution is both in the lower, as well as the upper zone of each other connected ceiling elements one cable duct pipe each, where the moment-resistant connection by a pair of cables is reached that crosses several fields below and above. This solution eliminates the need for separate clamping and Anchoring, on the other hand, the expenditure to be doubled Cable quantity. Even with this solution you are with the Difficulty adjusting and injecting faced.

Furthermore, a method is known in the course of which  interconnected ceiling elements open trough-like Channels are designed, which are then interconnected causing the cables to run the full length of the building can be performed. To ensure the unity of the Ceiling elements are arranged across the ribs in which are appropriately elongated openings, namely with the aim that the tensioning cable in the upper structural zone are guided and stretched in a straight line after which they can be pressed inside the fields lie in the center. Eccentric cables are next to pinching fixed in the required position by concreting. Two Ribbed ceiling element with the cassette ribbing arranged side by side, creating the hollows; the bottom part is expediently formed by a layer of concrete, those in the second production phase, by immersion processes is applied; this procedure is also used for Closing the lower part of the concrete applied, and is on well known. The disadvantage of this method is shown in the difficulty in designing the continuous ribs and the holes with the inlays inside. Another The disadvantage is that this method in the course of single-phase ceiling element production not useful can be applied. Pulling the cable through the Openings of the continuous ribs in the trough-shaped Cable duct is difficult; mechanization does not result in any satisfactory success.

The object of the invention was set out above Avoid disadvantages and a ceiling field for Develop ceiling constructions that consist of ceiling elements by retensioning quickly and economically, material saving, can be put together.

Accordingly, the invention relates to a ceiling field for Ceiling constructions, the aua ceiling elements by re-tensioning will be produced.

The essential characteristic of the invention shows  particularly in that at least in the ceiling elements in one direction cable duct pipes with increasing Are configured in the upper wall of the cross section Ceiling elements elongated, opening into the cable ducts Openings are designed with templates; at least part the ends of the cable ducts with the same cross-section are connected facing each other; the in the Cable duct pipes run and tensioned anchored cables those points of the sewer pipes where the cross-section is larger, are arranged eccentrically, furthermore with cables provided cable duct pipes and the elongated openings with subsequently filled concrete are filled.

If the intention is to use two ceiling elements To design a ceiling field, such ceiling elements must be used in which from one edge to the other Edge running along cable duct pipes with continuous increasing cross section are available.

However, if more than two ceiling elements are used in order Design of a ceiling field are to be arranged, must be used as intermediate ceiling elements in which - starting from the center line - towards the cross-sections of the cable ducts to the two edges constantly increasing.

With compact ceiling elements, the cable duct pipes are in the Designed ceiling element. However, if you have ceiling elements used with the lower frame, the cable ducts are in the ribs. If a hollow ceiling element is used, the cable ducts are located in the ribs between the Cavities of the ceiling element.

The invention enables the use of such Ceiling fields in which the cable ducts cross each other are designed.

Furthermore, the invention relates to the manufacture of a ceiling element with channels. The essence of the method is, in particular, that template rods and template tubes are used in the templates of the ceiling element, which have a decreasing circular cross-section and extend at least to the center of the ceiling element; stencil inserts that form the elongated openings are placed on the stencil rods or stencil tubes. The template is filled with concrete; After the concrete has set, the template rods or template tubes as well as the template inlays designing the elongated openings are removed, thereby creating open cable duct tubes. The ceiling elements resulting in the ceiling panel are lined up with the ends of the cable duct pipes with the same circular cross section, after which the cables inserted into the cable duct pipes are tensioned and anchored, eccentrically in the sections with a larger cross section; Finally, the cable ducts are filled with concrete through the elongated openings - which were created after the stencil inserts were removed.

In a preferred implementation of the invention, the Ceiling elements forming the ceiling field placed side by side, and so that the ends of the cable ducts with the larger Cross section facing each other, with the cables in the upper horizontal zones of the cable ducts and be tensioned while in the middle of the ceiling fields Eccentricity is brought down. In certain Cases it may be appropriate if the multiple ceiling panels resulting ceiling elements are strung together so that they with the ends of the cable duct pipe with a smaller cross section facing each other, the cables in the bottom horizontal zones of the cable ducts and tensioned with the eccentricity realized over the supports becomes.

The invention offers a simple and perfect solution for moment-resistant connection of two ceiling elements. Of course there is the possibility using the  Invention to connect several ceiling elements with constant torque, so that a ceiling field can be designed According to the invention a method for designing the elements Provided.

The essential characteristic of the solution consists in particular in the cable duct pipe with a variable cross-section, which is designed taking into account the cable to be eccentric and at the same time is suitable for concreting. The cable duct pipe is reached with the rod with variable circular cross-section, which forms the part of the template and is pulled out during the manufacture of the element. After completion of the production, the stencil inserts which open the pipe from above at certain points and which form the holes for clamping when the cable is pulled in are lifted out, through the holes the pipe is filled with concrete and the cable is eccentric as required. The cables are routed in the pipes along the full length of the building and tensioned in the upper zone, after which the eccentricity of the elements - as well as the connected cable duct pipes - in the connected gaps or in the pipe itself is expediently achieved by pressing in the ceiling fields. Of course, the procedure for the purpose of tensioning and eccentricization - which is promoted by the appropriate design of the cable duct - that the cable is tensioned in the lower zone, eccentricity being achieved by deflection upwards in the supports. In addition to the usual clamping of the cables, the cable duct pipes are filled with concrete, which fixes the cables on a discontinuous path.

The structural design according to the invention and the method to manufacture the construction offers a simple and economical solution for connecting the ceiling elements a ceiling field, for connecting the ceiling fields with multi-digit support, to design the eccentricity the cables under a field Consideration of the bending moments and for fastening by  Concreting; the procedure enables easy threading the cable as well as the creation of an external, to Concrete suitable cable duct. With the previous ones Solutions are compared in the production of the Ceiling elements achieved numerous advantages, the number of Operations decrease and become easier, creating savings can be achieved in terms of material and labor. A Another advantage is that a correlation with other (e.g. two-phase) production processes; the Possibility to further develop the known ceiling elements is given.

The invention is based on some advantageous Exemplary embodiments, with the help of the drawing explained. Show it:

Fig. 1 is a plan view of the joined in the sense of the invention, the ceiling element as well as of the cable channel pipe,

Fig. 2 is a longitudinal section of the connected elements along the line AA of Fig. 1 as well as the longitudinal section of the cable channel pipe, further the lines of the tensioning cable and the design of the eccentricity,

Fig. 3 is a plan view of three interconnected ceiling elements,

Fig. 4 shows the longitudinal section along the line EE in Fig. 3,

Fig. 5, the Grundrißanordnung two with a lower frame provided or hollow ceiling elements, connected by the inventive method,

Figure 6 is a recorded section. Along the line FF in Fig. 5,

Fig. 7 Detail D in FIGS. 1 and 3, a detailed view of the cable channel pipe,

Fig. 8 shows another possible embodiment of the invention, with the top view of the conduit tube and the ceiling,

Figure 9 shows a recorded along the line BB in Fig. 1 and 3 cut.,

Fig. 10 shows the arrangement of the cable ducts in the lower rib of the left floor member (of FIG. 5),

Fig. 11 is a detail of the sections AA and EE in an enlarged scale (in Fig. 1, 3, 5, 15, 18 with C hereinafter),

Fig. 12 shows the section according to FIG. 11 concrete in a finished state,

Fig. 13 shows the enlarged cross section of the cable channel pipe,

Fig. 14 shows the cross section of FIG. 13, already concreted in state,

Figure 15 is a further possible embodiment of the invention. Hollow top view of the connection between the two, in the space between the pillars arranged ceiling elements guided in a direction two inner tension,

Fig. 16 is a longitudinal section along the line AA in Fig. 15,

Fig. 17 shows the section along the line GG of a ceiling element of the structure according to Fig. 15, the cross section of the cable duct pipes,

Fig. 18 shows another possible embodiment: the connection of two, in distance between the pillars arranged hollow ceiling elements at a ceiling panel; the inner tensioning is carried out in the middle of the elements in the interconnected cable duct pipes or with the cables freely routed in the spaces between the elements, edge tensions in the field are realized with cables routed over the pillars and freely routed in the middle of the neighboring ceiling field; the arrangement is shown in plan view,

Fig. 19 is a sectional view taken along line AA of FIG. 18,

Fig. 20 shows the section of the deck panel forming the ceiling element with the cross section of the cable channel pipe,

Fig. 21 is a plan view of a further possible embodiment, clamped in the four identical hollow ceiling elements are connected,

Fig. 22 shows the section along the line KK in FIG. 21,

Fig. 23 shows the section along the line LL of FIG. 21,

Fig. 24 is a plan view of a further possible embodiment in which the deck panel of four ceiling elements is composed,

Fig. 25 shows the section along the line MM of FIG. 24 and

Fig. 26 shows the section along the line NN according to FIG. 24.

In the figures, several ceiling elements are used Ceiling fields using the connection according to the invention of the elements or those corresponding to the bending moments Cable routing illustrated.

With reference to FIGS. 1, 3, 5, 15 and 18 differently arranged ceiling fields are shown.

The cable duct pipes 2 are arranged in the ceiling elements 1 according to FIGS. 1 and 2. The aforementioned cable duct pipes are manufactured in such a way that the rod with variable cross-section, which forms part of the template, is pulled out during the manufacture of the reinforced concrete ceiling element. The arrangement of the pipes ensures a uniform thickness of the concrete layer 3 , while the underlying changing (increasing) cross-section ensures the largest pipe cross-section when the elements are connected due to the decrease in the concrete layer. In this way, the cable can be guided in a straight line in the upper zone of the construction (even if several fields are present) and tensioned at points 5 and at points 6 , by pressing into the lower zone and arranged in the center. From above, the cable duct pipes are opened by means of the elongated openings 7 , which makes it easier to thread the cables; if necessary, these can be temporarily fixed and tensioned at the desired height; After the eccentricity has been reached, the full length of the pipe is poured with concrete B in order to protect the cables and to finally fix them in the desired position.

Fig. 1, 5, 15 and 16 represent an image composed of two elements ceiling panel, while the ceiling panel according to Fig consists of three ceiling elements 9. 3,. The central cable duct pipe 10 can be characterized in that it has an increasing cross-section starting from the center of the element up to the element wheel, ie the pipe is designed by pulling out two independent wedge-shaped template inserts. The extraction of the shorter inserts during production is made possible by a minimal increase in the cross section.

In this way it affects in two directions going to change the cross section the eccentricity in one negligible measure.

Figs. 5 and 6 illustrate a composite of two elements ceiling panel; according to the left alternative, the element is provided with a lower frame 11 , while a hollow element 12 is used in the right solution.

Fig. 7 shows a detail D of the ceiling element according to Figures 1 and 2 with the cable channel pipe. 2; the upper opening 7 of the cable duct and the cable 5 guided therein are also illustrated.

FIG. 8 shows a detail of the ceiling element according to FIGS. 15 and 18 designated by I. Here, the case of the hollow cover element 12 formed with the insert remaining therein or of the hollow ceiling element 14 produced using the known two-phase process is illustrated. The cable duct pipe with the elongated openings 7 and the two tensioning cables lying therein can be seen from above. FIG. 9 shows the cross section of the cable duct pipe 2 , the section was taken along the line BB of FIGS. 1 and 2. The upper elongated opening 7 of the tube can be seen, which was created after the completion of production (curing), when the stencil insert hammered into the tube was removed from above. The stencil insert is designed with inwardly widening sides 13 and adapts closely to the pipe inserts removed earlier. The cable 5 guided and tensioned in the upper zone of the element and in the upper section of the cable duct pipe is shown before the eccentricity is generated.

Fig. 10 shows the cable duct pipe 2 of the ceiling element with the lower frame 11 of FIG. 4 with the tensioned cable 6 in the concrete state.

FIG. 11 shows the enlarged part of the longitudinal section (denoted by CC ), which corresponds to the section line AA of the cable duct pipe 2 according to FIGS. 1, 6, 15 and 18. The uniformly thick concrete layer 3 lying above the cable duct pipe, the reduced concrete cross section omitted in the direction of the lower cable tension, the upper elongated opening 7 of the cable duct pipe, the downward (inward) sides 13 and the lines of the tensioned cable 6 are shown in the same way.

Fig. 12 shows the embodiment of Fig. 11, wherein the construction 8 is completed and filled with concrete.

FIG. 13 illustrates the detail I of the embodiments according to FIGS. 15 and 18, the cross section HH of the cable duct tube 2 , the upper elongated opening 7 (with the sides 13 widening inwards) and the pair of cables guided and tensioned in the upper zone 15 are evident; in this case the hollow ceiling elements 12 , 14 were manufactured using the two-phase process.

Fig. 14 corresponds to the embodiment of Fig. 13; here the concrete state of the already tensioned cable pair 16 is shown.

In Figs. 15 and 18 arranged structures are shown in the pillar skeleton, the ceiling elements connected in accordance with the invention by clamping are. The explanation of the design is the same as that of the previous one: In the version according to FIG. 15, when connecting two elements, in addition to the design of the cable duct pipe, narrow gaps filled with quick-setting material, in other places wide gaps, are used for concreting in a manner known per se suitable joints applied. As can be seen from FIG. 18, a method based on tension between the elements 18 is used in the same way as in the joints between the ceiling panels 19 .

In Figs. 21 to 23 other possible embodiments are shown; In this solution, four identical hollow ceiling elements are combined to form a ceiling field. Two cable ducts crossing each other vertically are included for each element; In this solution, one of the template inserts of the intersecting cable duct pipes is assembled from two pieces, whereby the soft material strip makes it easier to pull out the inserts compared to the surface influences.

There is no need for a detailed explanation; the cables are tensioned in the joint 22 of the cable duct between the elements.

Figs. 24-26 also show a compiled from four elements ceiling panel; in this case the cross-sections of the pipes increase in a direction opposite to the previous one; the narrower pipe ends of the opening adjoin one another at the crossing point. The cable routed in the cable duct in the lower zone of the construction is led off-center upwards at the edge of the ceiling field. In the example described here, the cable is continued in the traditional pipe to be injected, but it is possible to use the method according to the invention and to design a cable duct pipe which is open from above and has a variable cross section, the template insert in turn having a cross section which increases from the chamber .

In the embodiment according to Fig. 24 guided in the lower zone cable 20 is deflected at the supports 21 upwards. The lower zone of the cable duct runs horizontally, underneath is the uniformly thick concrete layer 23 . On the other hand, the thickness of the concrete layer 24 lying above decreases towards the edge of the construction, as a result of which the cable duct pipe 25 is opened at different heights. If the cable is now carried in a conventional pipe 26 , it adapts to the lower horizontal distance of the cable duct pipe.

Claims (9)

1. ceiling field with one or more spans, characterized in that in the ceiling elements ( 1 , 9 , 11 , 12 , 14 ) are designed at least in one direction cable duct pipes ( 2 ) with increasing cross-section and in the upper wall of the ceiling elements ( 1 , 9 , 11 , 12 , 14 ) in the cable duct pipes ( 2 ) opening elongated openings ( 7 ) are formed using template inserts, at least some parts of the ceiling elements ( 1 , 9 , 11 , 12 , 14 ) are connected to each other so that the ends ( 4 ) of the same cross-section of the cable duct pipes ( 2 ) face each other, furthermore the cables ( 5 ) guided and tensioned anchored in the cable duct pipes ( 2 ) are arranged at the locations with a larger cross-section with eccentricity ( 6 ), after which the cables take up Cable duct pipes ( 2 ) and the elongated openings are subsequently filled with concrete. 2. Ceiling panel according to claim 1, characterized in that in the ceiling elements ( 1 , 9 , 11 , 12 , 14 ) from one edge of the ceiling element to the other edge extending cable duct pipes ( 2 ) are designed with a continuously increasing cross-section. 3rd Ceiling panel according to claim 1, characterized in that in the intermediate ceiling elements ( 9 ) starting from the center line, cable duct pipes ( 10 ) are provided, the cross-section of which increases in the direction of both edges. 4. Ceiling panel according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the cable duct pipes ( 2 , 10 ) are configured in the ceiling element. 5. Ceiling panel according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the cable duct pipes ( 2 , 10 ) in the lower skeleton of the thickness elements, or in the case of a hollow ceiling element ( 12 , 14 ) in the ribs between the cavities of the ceiling element are designed . 6. ceiling field according to claim 1, characterized in that the Cable duct pipes are designed to cross each other. 7. Process for producing the ceiling field according to one of the Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that in the Stencils of the ceiling elements or stencil bars Stencil tubes with decreasing cross-section used be at least up to the middle of the ceiling element range, on the template rods or template tubes Stencil inserts that shape elongated openings be placed, after which the template is poured with concrete and after the concrete has set, the template rods or stencil tubes and the elongated openings designing stencil inserts are removed, whereby Cable ducts in the ceiling elements, the elongated one at the top Have openings, are designed; the the ceiling field forming ceiling elements are strung together, namely so that the ends with the same cross section of the Cable duct are facing each other, after which in the Cable duct pipes inserted and tensioned cables anchored become, the eccentricity in the stretches with greater Cross section is realized and finally the cable ducts over the elongated openings are poured with concrete. 8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that the the ceiling elements forming the ceiling field are strung together be that the ends of the cable ducts with the same Cross section facing each other, furthermore the cables in the horizontal zones of the cable duct and be tensioned, with the eccentricity in the middle of the Ceiling fields downwards is realized.   9. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that the the ceiling elements forming the ceiling field are strung together be that the ends with the smaller cross section each other are facing, and the cables in the lower zones horizontally guided and tensioned, the Eccentricity realized above the supports becomes.