HU213236B - Ceiling-panel with one or more spans for ceiling-structure and method for producing the ceiling panel - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a ceiling panel having one or more support widths, which can be characterized in that in the ceiling elements (1, 9, 11, 12, 14) at least in one direction cable ducts (2) are designed with increasing cross section and in the elongated openings (7) in the cable duct tubes (2) are formed using stencil inserts, at least some parts of the ceiling elements (1, 9, 11, 12, 14) of the upper wall of the ceiling elements (1, 9, 11, 12, 14) ) are connected to each other so that the ends (4) of the same cross-section of the cable ducts (2) facing each other, further guided in the cable ducts (2) and braced anchored cable (5) at the points with grossezeren cross section with Exzentritaet (6 ) are arranged, after which the cable receiving cable ducts * and the lazy OEffnungen be nachfügglich filled with concrete. Likewise, the invention relates to a method for producing the ceiling panels. The essential characteristic of the method is that stencil bars or stencil tubes of decreasing cross-section, which extend at least to the middle of the ceiling element, are inserted into the templates of the ceiling elements. On the template bars or stencil tubes, elongated template inserts are set. Now the template is filled with concrete, after setting of the concrete stencil bars or stencil tubes, as well as the lazy OEffnungen ausstaltenden stencil inserts are removed, in this way in the ceiling elements cable ducts - have the above open openings - designed. The ceiling panels forming the ceiling elements are lined up, in such a way that the ends are the same cross-section of the cable duct pipe facing each other, after which the introduced into the cable duct pipes cables are tensioned and anchored. Exzentrizitaet is realized in the stretches with groeszerem cross-section in the cable duct pipe, last the cable duct pipes are poured over the lazy OEffnungen with concrete.

Description

It is an object of the invention that the slab elements (1), the slabs have cable ducts (2) of increasing cross-section and have longitudinal openings (7) in the upper concrete layer of the slab elements (1), in the upper concrete layer of the slabs. formed with template inserts and the slab elements (I) and (I) respectively. at least a portion of the slabs are connected to one another with the same cross-sectional ends of the cable ducts (2) and the cables anchored and tensioned in the cable ducts (2) are deflected at the larger cross-sections of the cable ducts (2) and pipes (2) and their longitudinal openings (7) are filled with concrete afterwards.

The invention further provides a method for producing a slab field. In essence, inserting template bars or template tubes of decreasing circular cross-section into the slab element templates, reaching at least the middle of the slab element, inserting longitudinal slot inserts into the template bars or template tubes, inserting the template into the template, forming cable ducts (2) opened from above with longitudinal openings (7) and aligning the slab elements forming the slab with the ends of the duct (2) having the same cross-section, then tightening the cables inserted in the duct (2) and tightening centering the cable duct sections with larger cross sections and finally concreting the duct pipes (2) through the longitudinal openings (7).

Description: 16 pages (including 10 pages)

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HU 213 236 B

HU 213 236 B

FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a slab field with one or more support means for a slab structure formed by post-tensioning of slab elements and to a method of producing a slab field.

The general endeavor of the construction industry is to produce multi-storey skeletons with heavy-duty slabs on rarely located pillars. Buildings should be made from as little material and labor as possible, and as quickly as possible. These requirements are best met by the prefabricated construction.

Conventional prefabricated building frameworks consist of pillar-based supports and slab elements placed on them. The prestressed concrete construction created the first prefabricated slab, which is directly connected to the four pillars of a pillar without separate support beams. Connection to the surfaces adjacent to the edges of the pillars is ensured by the corner section of the slab. This slab was originally a lattice beam with an upper plate, and later a plate-like structure with lower and upper planar surfaces including cavities. In the joints between the slabs, loose cables pass through holes in the pillars. By tensioning, the joining edges of the slab members become heavy-duty brackets, while the surfaces joining the pillars are tensioned to provide load transfer. These slabs, and thus the slabs and pillars that can be built, are limited to 20-25 m ² due to the conditions of transportation and installation of the building.

Larger pillar slabs were created by connecting multiple slabs. The torque-judge connection, that is to say the connection of the elements of the slab fields, was solved with tension.

A method is known for joining flat slabs and making them torque-proof with a stretched cable. In the solution, in the center of the fields, at the bottom, above the support lines, the required tension force in a concreted tube, so-called. in a cable duct pipe, the cables are guided and tensioned on a curved track. This process, however, has considerable drawbacks, not only the difficulty of accurately connecting the pipes, but most of all, each of the support fields, that is, generally two elements, requires separate tensioning and anchoring due to the frictional resistance of the curved tubing receiving the cable. The required injection of pipes into concrete is a difficult operation that requires high reliability.

Another method is known which combines flat slabs and makes them tensile to yield stress. In this arrangement, the connecting slab members are guided by a single cable duct in both the lower and upper belts, and the torque-coupling is achieved by a pair of cables running through several fields at the top and bottom. While it is not necessary to tension and anchor each field individually, doubling the amount of cable required. This solution also has problems with fitting and injection problems.

Further, a method is known in which trough-shaped channels are formed on top of interconnecting slabs, which are then connected to each other so that the cables can be routed along the entire length of the building. However, to ensure the integrity of the slab element, the troughs are crossed by ribs, in which it is desirable to provide vertically elongated openings so that the tension cables in the upper structural belt can be guided and tensioned and centered by pressing in the interior of the fields. The centered cable is temporarily clamped in position with its grip. The troughs are formed by the juxtaposition of two ribs of the coffered ceiling slab and are preferably formed by a concrete layer in the second production stage used for the lower closure of the element by a dip method. The disadvantage of this process is the difficulty of forming the permeable ribs and the holes with their remaining inserts and the fact that it is not suitable for widespread single-phase slab production. It is difficult to thread the cable into the trough cable duct through the openings in the penetrating ribs, and it is not possible to thread the machine effectively.

It is an object of the present invention to overcome the above-mentioned drawbacks and to provide a slab field for slab structures that can be quickly and economically assembled from slab elements by retrofitting in a material-saving manner.

The invention thus relates to a slab field for a slab structure which is made of slab elements by post-tensioning. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In the slab elements, slabs are provided with ducts of variable cross-section along the longitudinal axis, and in the upper concrete layer of the slabs, slabs are provided with longitudinal openings in at least one portion of the cables are routed to each other and the cable ducts and their longitudinal openings are filled with concrete afterwards being spaced out, i.e. centered, at the larger cross-sectional areas of the duct pipes.

To form a slab of two slabs, slabs are used which have cable ducts of increasing cross-section from one edge of the slab to the other.

However, when more than two slab elements are sequentially classified to form a slab field, intermediate slab elements are those which have cable ducts of increasing cross-section from the center lines to both edges.

In the case of solid slabs, the cable ducts are formed in the slab. Conversely, when lower ribbed slabs are used, the cable ducts are located in the ribs. When using a hollow slab, the cable ducts are formed in the ribs between the slabs of the slab.

HU 213 236 B

The invention also allows the use of a slab field where the cable ducts are crossed.

The invention further provides a method for producing a slab field. The essence of the method is to place template bars or template tubes with decreasing circular cross-sections and slabs that reach at least the middle of the ceiling member into the slab element templates and to insert longitudinal slot-forming template inserts on the template bars or template tubes. The template is filled with concrete, after the concrete has been cured, the template bars or template tubes and the longitudinal orifices are removed, forming cable trunking pipes with longitudinal openings in the slab elements. The slab members forming the slab are aligned with each other with their cable duct ends having the same cross-section, the cables introduced into the duct ducts are tensioned and anchored, then the larger duct sections are centered in the cable duct sections and finally the duct is lengthened through the duct.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the slab members forming the slab are aligned with each other with their ends having a larger cross-section, and the cables are guided and tensioned in the horizontal upper belts of the duct and centered downwards in the center of the slab.

In some cases, it may be expedient to align the slab members forming a plurality of slabs with their cable duct ends of smaller cross-section facing each other and guide and tension the cables in the lower horizontal belts of the duct ducts and center over the struts. The invention provides a simple and perfect structural solution for the connection of torque judges of two slab elements. Of course, the invention or the invention. By means of the invention, a torque linking of several slab elements can also be implemented to produce a slab field.

The present invention provides a uniquely simple and perfect structural solution for the torque connection of two elements, as well as a manufacturing method for forming the elements. The essence of the solution is a cable duct of variable cross-section, which is sized according to the requirements of the cable to be centered and at the same time suitable for concreting. The cable duct is formed by a rod or tube of variable circular cross-section that is pulled out as part of the template during manufacture of the element. Upon completion of production, the top inserts, which open the tube from above, are highlighted, forming holes for gripping the cables through which the tube is concreted and, if necessary, centered on the cable. The cables will be guided in the pipes along the entire length of the building and tensioned in the upper belt, and preferably in the slabs in the joints of the elements - and their connecting cable duct pipes - or in the pipe itself, centered by pressing. Naturally, this tensioning and centering process can also be accomplished by tensioning the cable in the lower belt and centering the cables by deflecting the struts upwards, preferably by forming a cable duct in the concrete element. With the usual temporary holding of the cables, the cable duct pipes are concreted to fix the cables on the broken track.

The present invention provides a simple, economical solution for constructing a structure, joining slabs in a single field and multi-support joining slabs, and centering, securing and securing tensioned cables within a field as required by bending moments, as well as an advantageous manufacturing process. for easy post-tensioning and direct centering of a cable duct for concreting. Compared to previous solutions, it has many advantages in slab manufacturing, cable-laying and cable-centering, and reduces and simplifies operations, thus saving not only material, but also labor and time. Its basic advantage is that it is not linked to any other (eg two-phase) manufacturing process, thus opening the way for the improvement of known slab elements.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. The

Fig. 1 is a plan view of two coupled slab elements according to the invention, showing a plan view of the opening of the cable ducts. THE

Figure 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of the interconnected elements along the line A-A in Figure 1, as well as the tension and centering of the connecting tension cable. THE

Fig. 3 is a plan view showing three connected slabs. THE

Fig. 4 is a longitudinal sectional view of the E-E in Fig. 3 through the cable gland tube. The

Fig. 5 is a general plan view of connecting a general slab or hollow slab with two lower slats. THE

Figure 6 is a sectional view taken along line F-F of Figure 5. THE

Fig. 7 is a detail plan D of Figures 1 and 3, showing a more detailed view of the cable duct, in a top plan view. THE

Figure 8 may be implemented using the invention

15 and 18 illustrate the cable duct, in detail, in a top view of the slab. THE

Figure 9 is a sectional view taken along line B-B of Figures 1 and 3, illustrating the cable duct. THE

Figure 10 illustrates the location of the cable ducts in the lower rib of the left-hand slab of Figure 5. THE

Figures 11, 1, 3, 5, 15 and 18 of the cable duct pipes.

EN 213 236 A-A and / or B in FIGS. Enlarged detail of section C of section E-E. THE

Fig. 12 is a sectional view of the previous Fig. 11, in a ready-made, concrete form.

Figure 13 is an exemplary embodiment of the cable duct pipe of Figures 15 and 18 in an enlarged H-H cross-section. THE

Figure 14 is a cross-sectional view of the previous Figure 13, concreted. THE

Figure 15 is a further exemplary embodiment of the present invention: a plan view of two hollow floor elements in a pillar spacing with two internally guided two tensions. THE

Figure 16 is a longitudinal sectional view taken along line A-A of Figure 15 through the cable gland tube. THE

Figure 17 is a sectional view taken along a G-G line of one of the slab members forming the structure of Figure 15, with a cross-section of the cable ducts. THE

Fig. 18 shows another embodiment of the invention: joining two hollow slab elements in a pillar into a slab field: in cable ducts interconnected in the middle of the internal stresses and elements, or with cables routed freely between the elements, the field tensions across the pillars being adjacent to the with freely guided cables, top view. THE

Figure 19 is a sectional view taken along line A-A of Figure 18. THE

Figure 20 is a sectional view J-J of one of the slab members forming the slab field of Figure 18 with a cross-section of the cable duct. THE

Fig. 21 is a top plan view of a further embodiment of a slab field according to the invention, wherein four identical hollow slabs are tensioned. THE

Figure 22 is a sectional view of the slab field of Figure 21 taken along line K-K. THE

Figure 23 is a sectional view of the slab field of Figure 21 taken along line L-L. THE

Figure 24 illustrates a further top view of an exemplary embodiment where the slab field also consists of four slabs. THE

Figure 25 is a sectional view taken along the line M-M of Figure 24. THE

Figure 26 is a sectional view taken along the line N-N of Figure 24.

The figures show slab fields made up of a plurality of slab elements, with the element switching according to the invention and the routing of cables according to the requirements of bending torques. 1, 3, 5, 15 and 18 show various slab fields.

1 and 2 are provided with cable ducts 2, which are formed by pulling out a variable cross-sectional rod or tube as part of the template during the manufacture of the reinforced concrete slab. The pipes are arranged in such a way that they ensure a uniform thickness of the concrete layer 3 above them, while underneath the variable (increasing) cross-section, the lower concrete layer decreases to provide the largest pipe cross-section required at the element joints. In this way, the cable 5 can be guided and tensioned linearly in the upper belt of the structure (including several fields) and, at the desired locations, can be centered and clamped by pressing in the lower belt, resulting in a tensioned cable 6. The cable ducts are opened from above by means of longitudinal openings 7, which aids in threading the cables, temporarily securing them at a height as needed and, after tensioning and then centering, completely filling the tube with concrete 8 to protect the cables and permanently secure their position.

Figures 1, 5, 15 and 18 show a slab consisting of two elements, while the slab field of Figure 3 consists of three slabs 9 'and one 9. The central cable duct 10 is characterized in that it is formed by increasing the cross-section from the center to the edge of the element, i.e. by pulling out two separate template insert tubes in two directions. Shorter inserts can be pulled out with minimal cross-sectional growth during the manufacturing process. Thus, the change in bidirectional cross-section does not significantly affect the centrality.

Figures 5 and 6 show a slab consisting of two elements, using a slab 11 in the left alternative and a hollow 12 in the right.

Fig. 7 is an enlarged plan view of the slab D of Figs. 1 and 2 manufactured with the cable duct 2 according to the invention. It illustrates the upper opening of the cable duct with 7 longitudinal apertures, the cable 5 guided therein.

Figure 8 is a fragmentary plan view of floor I of the embodiment of Figures 15 and 18. In the case of a hollow slab 12 with a permanent insert, or a hollow slab 14 manufactured by a known two-phase process, it illustrates a cable duct 2 with two longitudinal openings and two tensioning cables 15.

Figure 9 is a cross-sectional view of the cable duct 2

1 and 2, respectively, in section B-B of FIGS. It shows the upper longitudinal opening 7 of the tube having inwardly expanding sides 13 which, after the completion of production (maturation), is produced from above by removing the mold insert inserted into the tube formed. This template insert therefore has inwardly expanding sides and fits snugly against the previously removed tube insert. Illustrates 5 cables routed and tensioned in the top belt and top of the cable duct before centering.

Fig. 10 shows the cable duct 2 of the bottom rib 11 of Fig. 5 with the tensioned cable 6 concreted.

All. 1, 5, 15 and 18 are enlarged sectional views C-C corresponding to the section A-A of the cable duct 2 of Figures 1, 5, 15 and 18. Shows 3 layers of concrete of even thickness above the cable duct, a decreasing concrete cross section in the direction of the lower cable tension, the upper 7 of the duct pipe

EN 213 236 B, the downward (inward) expanding sides 13 and the routing of the stretched cable 6.

Figure 12 below. 7a to 8 illustrates a structure filled with concrete.

Fig. 13 is a cross-sectional view of the cable duct 2, corresponding to detail I of the floor plan diagrams 15 and 18, with the upper longitudinal opening 7 (extending inwards 13), the cable harness 15 tensioned and the two types 12, 14 hollow ceilings.

Fig. 14 corresponds to Fig. 13, in concrete after the cable pair 16 has been stretched.

The structures shown in the embodiments of Figures 15 and 18 are slabs in a pillar frame connected with the tension of the invention. The detailed explanation is the same as that given above. In Fig. 15, tight joints 17 are used in connection with the cable duct, known in the art, for joining the two elements together with wide openings for concreting. In Fig. 18, the joints 18 between the elements as well as between the slab fields are used. 19 are also illustrated in the known manner.

Figures 21, 22, 23 show an exemplary embodiment in which four identical hollow core slabs are joined to form a slab. It consists of two perpendicularly perpendicular cable ducts, where one of the template inserts of the cross cable ducts is made of two pieces, and at the surface penetrations a strip of soft material facilitates the removal of the inserts.

The detailed explanation is the same as above. Cable tensioning occurs in the gap 22 between the elements connecting to the cable duct.

Figures 24, 25, 26 show a slab of four elements similar to the previous one: here the pipes have an increase in the opposite cross section and at the crossing point the narrower pipe ends are connected to a box opened from above. In the cable duct, the cable routed in the lower strap of the structure is centered upwards at the edge of the slab. In the middle, for example, the cable continues in the conventional tube to be injected, but may be made with a variable cross-sectional open-top cable duct, wherein the template insert has a cross-section increasing outwards from the box.

In the exemplary embodiment of Figure 24, the cable 20 in the belt is deflected upwards at the struts, the upwardly deflected portion of the cable being designated 21. The lower belt of the cable duct is horizontal and the concrete layer 23 has a uniform thickness below it. The concrete layer 24 above, on the other hand, has a decreasing thickness towards the edge of the structure and thus the longitudinal opening 25 of the cable duct is of variable height. If the cable continues to run in a standard tube 26, it will fit into the lower horizontal section of the cable duct.

According to the method according to the invention, according to Figures 27, 28, the slab is formed by inserting into the slabs 27 slabs of decreasing cross-section and reaching at least the middle of the slab or slab tubes 28. The template tubes are provided with intermittent slot-forming template inserts 29 in sections. The template is then filled with concrete 8, and after the concrete has been set, the template tubes 28 and the longitudinal orifices 29 are removed. In this way, cable trunking pipes are formed in the slab elements with openings from the top with longitudinal openings. The slabs prepared in this way are aligned with each other with their cable ends of the same cross-section facing each other. The cables are then inserted into the cable ducts, tightened and anchored. In cable duct sections of larger cross-section, already laid and tensioned cables are deflected, i.e. centered, to provide additional tension. This operation is performed through the upper longitudinal openings. Finally, the cable duct pipes are concreted through the longitudinal openings and thus the cables are secured in their tensioned position.

In some cases, it is expedient to align the slab members forming the slab with the ends of the cable duct having a larger cross-section with each other facing each other and guiding and tensioning the cables in the upper horizontal belts of the duct ducts. In this case, the cables are centered, ie deflected in the middle of the slab fields, downwards.

In another embodiment, the slab members forming the slab are aligned with each other with their ends of cable duct having a smaller cross-section facing each other. The cables are then guided and tightened in the lower horizontal belts of the cable ducts. In this case, however, the off centering, i.e. deflection of the cables, is carried upwards above the slabs of the slab, and then the conduit pipes are concreted and the cables are secured in the deflected position.

Figures 27 and 28 show the template elements used in the manufacture of slabs according to the invention.

Claims (9)

in. PATENT CLAIMS Ceiling field with one or more support means for a cantilever structure, characterized in that the cantilever elements (1,9 ', 9), in the slabs (11,12,14), have cable ducts (2,10) of variable cross-section along their longitudinal axis, and in the upper concrete layer (3) of the slabs (1, 9 ', 9), the slabs (11, 12, 14) are provided with longitudinal openings (7) extending into the cable ducts (2, 10) and the slabs (1, 9) , 9), respectively. at least a portion of the slabs (11, 12, 14) are connected to one another with the same cross-sectional ends of the cable ducts (2, 10) and the cables (5) guided and tightened in the cable ducts (2, 10) (2, 10) are spaced out at their larger cross-sectional locations, and the cable duct tubes (2, 10) and their longitudinal openings (7) are filled with concrete (8). HU 213 236 B Slab field according to Claim 1, characterized in that the slab elements (1,9 ', 9) and slabs (11, 12, 14) have cable ducts (2) of continuously increasing cross-section from one edge to the other. . Slab field according to claim 1, characterized in that more than two slab elements are formed in succession, and the intermediate slab elements (9) have cable ducts (10) of increasing cross-section from their center line to both edges. 4. Ceiling box according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the cable ducts (2, 10) are formed in the lower ribs of the lower ribs (11) or, in the case of a hollow ceiling (12, 14), between the ribs of the ceiling element. Slab field according to Claim 1, characterized in that the cable ducts are crossed. 6. Procedure 1-4. For producing a slab field according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the slabs or slabs (1) of slabs (1, 9 ', 9) are provided with slabs or tubes (28) of decreasing circular cross-section and reaching at least the middle of the slab or inserting into the template tubes (28) longitudinal orifices (29), filling the template with concrete (8), after the concrete has been set, removing the template bars or tubes (28) and then removing the longitudinal orifices (29) in the slab elements ) forming open cable ducts (2, 10) and aligning the slab elements forming the slab with the ends of the duct (2, 10) having the same cross-section and the cables (5) introduced into the duct (2, 10) tensioned and anchored, then centered on larger sections of cable duct and finally concreting the cable ducts (2, 10) through the longitudinal openings (7). Method according to claim 6, characterized in that the slab elements (1, 9 ') forming the slab are aligned with their ends facing each other with their ends having a larger cross-section and the cables (5) are formed by the ducts (2). guided and tensioned in the upper belts and centered downwards in the center of the slab fields. Method according to Claims 8 to 7, characterized in that the slab elements (1, 9 ') forming the slab are aligned with their ends facing each other with their ends having a smaller cross-section and the cables in the lower horizontal belts of the duct (2). guiding and tensioning and centering above the struts upwards. HU 213 236 B Int Cl ⁶ : E 04 B 5/18 Figure 2 HU 213 236 B Int Cl ⁶ : E 04 B 5/18 QJ FIGURE 3 HU 213 236 B Int Cl ⁶ : E 04 B 5/18 FIGURE 4 HU 213 236 B Int Cl ⁶ : E 04 B 5/18 FIGURE 6 HU 213 236 B B5 / 18 FIGURE 7 FIGURE 9 -THE V \ J FIGURE 11 \ 3.