DE3706238C2 - Vorrichtung zur elektrischen Energiespeicherung - Google Patents
Vorrichtung zur elektrischen EnergiespeicherungInfo
- Publication number
- DE3706238C2 DE3706238C2 DE19873706238 DE3706238A DE3706238C2 DE 3706238 C2 DE3706238 C2 DE 3706238C2 DE 19873706238 DE19873706238 DE 19873706238 DE 3706238 A DE3706238 A DE 3706238A DE 3706238 C2 DE3706238 C2 DE 3706238C2
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- battery
- energy
- consumer
- lead
- flow type
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 title claims description 13
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 101100400378 Mus musculus Marveld2 gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002608 ionic liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008520 organization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other DC sources, e.g. providing buffering
- H02J7/35—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other DC sources, e.g. providing buffering with light sensitive cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M16/00—Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S323/00—Electricity: power supply or regulation systems
- Y10S323/906—Solar cell systems
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Hybrid Cells (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP61040361A JPS62200668A (ja) | 1986-02-27 | 1986-02-27 | 蓄電装置 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE3706238A1 DE3706238A1 (de) | 1987-09-03 |
DE3706238C2 true DE3706238C2 (de) | 1999-01-21 |
Family
ID=12578497
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE19873706238 Expired - Lifetime DE3706238C2 (de) | 1986-02-27 | 1987-02-26 | Vorrichtung zur elektrischen Energiespeicherung |
Country Status (3)
Families Citing this family (42)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4972094A (en) * | 1988-01-20 | 1990-11-20 | Marks Alvin M | Lighting devices with quantum electric/light power converters |
US5121044A (en) * | 1990-07-19 | 1992-06-09 | Luz Electric Fuel Israel, Ltd. | Electrical energy system |
NL1000915C2 (nl) * | 1995-08-01 | 1997-02-04 | Bartoli N V I O | Werkwijze en inrichting voor het leveren van elektrische energie, en toestel voorzien van een dergelijke inrichting. |
JPH09172195A (ja) * | 1995-12-20 | 1997-06-30 | Ebara Corp | 蓄電池内蔵型太陽電池 |
JP3571860B2 (ja) * | 1996-08-23 | 2004-09-29 | キヤノン株式会社 | 非安定電源を電源とする電動機運転装置 |
JP2004129314A (ja) * | 2000-03-17 | 2004-04-22 | Soichi Sato | 蓄電装置を備えた熱電併給システム |
WO2001076000A1 (en) * | 2000-03-31 | 2001-10-11 | Squirrel Holdings Ltd. | Redox flow battery and method of operating it |
JP2004511999A (ja) * | 2000-10-10 | 2004-04-15 | アメリカン・エレクトリツク・パワー・カンパニー・インコーポレーテツド | 電力負荷平坦化システムおよびパケット電気の貯蔵 |
US6372978B1 (en) | 2000-12-21 | 2002-04-16 | Carmine Cifaldi | Wind/sun solar collection system (HS2) |
US6353304B1 (en) | 2001-01-19 | 2002-03-05 | Sandia Corporation | Optimal management of batteries in electric systems |
DE10103431C2 (de) * | 2001-01-26 | 2003-03-06 | Fraunhofer Ges Forschung | Stromversorgungs-Einrichtung |
AT410268B8 (de) * | 2001-07-02 | 2003-04-25 | Funktionswerkstoffe Forschungs | Lade- bzw. entladestation für eine redox-durchflussbatterie |
JP2003052132A (ja) * | 2001-08-03 | 2003-02-21 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | 電源システムの運転方法 |
US8277964B2 (en) | 2004-01-15 | 2012-10-02 | Jd Holding Inc. | System and method for optimizing efficiency and power output from a vanadium redox battery energy storage system |
US7265456B2 (en) * | 2004-01-15 | 2007-09-04 | Vrb Bower Systems Inc. | Power generation system incorporating a vanadium redox battery and a direct current wind turbine generator |
US7446450B2 (en) * | 2004-06-07 | 2008-11-04 | California Institute Of Technology | Method and system using liquid dielectric for electrostatic power generation |
US20060055175A1 (en) * | 2004-09-14 | 2006-03-16 | Grinblat Zinovy D | Hybrid thermodynamic cycle and hybrid energy system |
US7388298B2 (en) * | 2006-06-21 | 2008-06-17 | Tracy Blackman | Retrofittable power distribution system for a household |
US7388299B2 (en) * | 2006-06-21 | 2008-06-17 | Tracy Blackman | Retrofittable power distribution system for a household |
US7893346B2 (en) * | 2006-09-28 | 2011-02-22 | Jack Nachamkin | Integrated voltaic energy system |
US7737571B2 (en) * | 2006-12-22 | 2010-06-15 | Genedics Clean Energy, Llc | System and method for creating a networked infrastructure distribution platform of fixed hybrid solar wind energy generating devices |
US7638891B2 (en) * | 2006-12-22 | 2009-12-29 | Genedics Clean Energy, Llc | Wind turbine and solar gathering hybrid sheets |
US7501713B2 (en) * | 2006-12-22 | 2009-03-10 | Genedics Llc | System and method for creating a networked infrastructure roadway distribution platform of solar energy gathering devices |
US20100252088A1 (en) * | 2006-12-22 | 2010-10-07 | Fein Gene S | System and Method for Creating a Networked Vehicle Infrastructure Distribution Platform of Solar Energy Gathering Devices |
US7495351B2 (en) * | 2006-12-22 | 2009-02-24 | Genedics Llc | System and method for creating a networked infrastructure distribution platform of solar energy gathering devices |
US7525210B2 (en) * | 2006-12-22 | 2009-04-28 | Genedics Llc | System and method for creating a networked infrastructure distribution platform of fixed and mobile solar and wind gathering devices |
US20080149573A1 (en) * | 2006-12-22 | 2008-06-26 | Genedics Llc | System and Method for Desalinating Water Using Alternative Energy |
AT505169B1 (de) * | 2007-07-02 | 2008-11-15 | Cellstrom Gmbh | Redox-durchfluss-batterie |
US7898096B1 (en) * | 2007-08-22 | 2011-03-01 | Thomas Nikita Krupenkin | Method and apparatus for energy harvesting using microfluidics |
US20090174259A1 (en) * | 2008-01-09 | 2009-07-09 | Shan-Cheng Lin | Natural Energy Power Supplying Apparatus |
AT505559B1 (de) * | 2008-02-28 | 2009-02-15 | Cellstrom Gmbh | Verfahren zum betreiben einer redox-durchflussbatterie |
US8785023B2 (en) * | 2008-07-07 | 2014-07-22 | Enervault Corparation | Cascade redox flow battery systems |
US7820321B2 (en) * | 2008-07-07 | 2010-10-26 | Enervault Corporation | Redox flow battery system for distributed energy storage |
US20100244573A1 (en) * | 2009-03-31 | 2010-09-30 | Tanay Karnick | Hybrid power delivery system and method |
DE102010012089A1 (de) * | 2010-03-19 | 2011-09-22 | Enymotion Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Laden eines Akkumulators in einem Hybridsystem aus Brennstoffzelle und Akkumulatoren |
US8709629B2 (en) | 2010-12-22 | 2014-04-29 | Jd Holding Inc. | Systems and methods for redox flow battery scalable modular reactant storage |
US8980484B2 (en) | 2011-03-29 | 2015-03-17 | Enervault Corporation | Monitoring electrolyte concentrations in redox flow battery systems |
US8916281B2 (en) | 2011-03-29 | 2014-12-23 | Enervault Corporation | Rebalancing electrolytes in redox flow battery systems |
US10141594B2 (en) | 2011-10-07 | 2018-11-27 | Vrb Energy Inc. | Systems and methods for assembling redox flow battery reactor cells |
US9853454B2 (en) | 2011-12-20 | 2017-12-26 | Jd Holding Inc. | Vanadium redox battery energy storage system |
RU2535301C2 (ru) * | 2013-02-25 | 2014-12-10 | Открытое акционерное общество "Информационные спутниковые системы" имени академика М.Ф. Решётнева" | Способ управления автономной системой электроснабжения космического аппарата |
NO20201263A1 (en) | 2020-11-20 | 2022-05-23 | Bryte As | A flow cell battery |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1538813A1 (de) * | 1966-10-14 | 1969-09-18 | Gen Electric | Gleichspannungsquelle mit Brennstoffzellen |
US4362791A (en) * | 1980-06-17 | 1982-12-07 | Agency Of Industrial Science & Technology | Redox battery |
Family Cites Families (34)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3600599A (en) * | 1968-10-03 | 1971-08-17 | Trw Inc | Shunt regulation electric power system |
US3696286A (en) * | 1970-08-06 | 1972-10-03 | North American Rockwell | System for detecting and utilizing the maximum available power from solar cells |
US3816804A (en) * | 1973-05-29 | 1974-06-11 | Hughes Aircraft Co | Bilateral power conditioner for spacecraft |
US3965683A (en) * | 1974-05-09 | 1976-06-29 | Sydney Dix | Solar electrical generating system |
NL7514747A (nl) * | 1975-12-18 | 1977-06-21 | Stichting Reactor Centrum | Installatie voor het opwekken en het accumuleren van electrische energie met behulp van windkracht of zonnekracht. |
JPS52102887A (en) * | 1976-02-26 | 1977-08-29 | Agency Of Ind Science & Technol | Circulating form electrolytic cell |
US4079591A (en) * | 1976-08-02 | 1978-03-21 | Derby Ronald C | Solar power plant |
US4182960A (en) * | 1978-05-30 | 1980-01-08 | Reuyl John S | Integrated residential and automotive energy system |
US4175249A (en) * | 1978-06-19 | 1979-11-20 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration | Self-reconfiguring solar cell system |
JPS5834911B2 (ja) * | 1979-09-14 | 1983-07-29 | 工業技術院長 | レドツクス電池 |
US4281278A (en) * | 1979-12-05 | 1981-07-28 | Rca Corporation | Redundant battery protection system |
JPS5913153B2 (ja) * | 1980-06-17 | 1984-03-28 | 工業技術院長 | レドツクス電池 |
JPS5913154B2 (ja) * | 1980-06-17 | 1984-03-28 | 工業技術院長 | レドツクス電池 |
US4315163A (en) * | 1980-09-16 | 1982-02-09 | Frank Bienville | Multipower electrical system for supplying electrical energy to a house or the like |
JPS57180081A (en) * | 1981-04-27 | 1982-11-05 | Agency Of Ind Science & Technol | Piping method for redox-flow type battery |
US4485154A (en) * | 1981-09-08 | 1984-11-27 | Institute Of Gas Technology | Electrically rechargeable anionically active reduction-oxidation electrical storage-supply system |
JPS58163440A (ja) * | 1982-03-24 | 1983-09-28 | Agency Of Ind Science & Technol | 炭素触媒の表面処理方法 |
JPS58176880A (ja) * | 1982-04-12 | 1983-10-17 | Agency Of Ind Science & Technol | レドツクス・フロ−型電池の運転制御方法 |
JPS58177483A (ja) * | 1982-04-12 | 1983-10-18 | Agency Of Ind Science & Technol | 枠状スペ−サ−と多孔質電極との組立体 |
US4494063A (en) * | 1982-12-23 | 1985-01-15 | Rca Corporation | Satellite dual bus power system |
JPS59126782A (ja) * | 1983-01-11 | 1984-07-21 | Agency Of Ind Science & Technol | 電解槽用電極板 |
JPS59127378A (ja) * | 1983-01-11 | 1984-07-23 | Agency Of Ind Science & Technol | 電極反応装置における漏洩電流防止方法 |
JPS59149669A (ja) * | 1983-02-14 | 1984-08-27 | Toshiba Corp | 燃料電池の過電圧抑制装置 |
US4575679A (en) * | 1983-05-10 | 1986-03-11 | General Electric Co. | Automatic load shed control for spacecraft power system |
JPS6037674A (ja) * | 1983-08-11 | 1985-02-27 | Agency Of Ind Science & Technol | レドツクス電池 |
JPS6037652A (ja) * | 1983-08-11 | 1985-02-27 | Agency Of Ind Science & Technol | 電解液流通型集合電池 |
JPS6070672A (ja) * | 1983-09-26 | 1985-04-22 | Agency Of Ind Science & Technol | レドツクス・フロ−型二次電池の運転方法 |
CA1231130A (en) * | 1983-09-29 | 1988-01-05 | Imre Fekete (Deceased) | Fuel cell/battery hybrid system |
US4604567A (en) * | 1983-10-11 | 1986-08-05 | Sundstrand Corporation | Maximum power transfer system for a solar cell array |
JPS60115459A (ja) * | 1983-11-28 | 1985-06-21 | Nec Corp | プリンタの印字ヘツド |
JPS60148068A (ja) * | 1984-01-12 | 1985-08-05 | Agency Of Ind Science & Technol | レドツクス電池における電解液の製造法 |
JPS60167283A (ja) * | 1984-02-10 | 1985-08-30 | Ebara Corp | 電力ユニツト及び電力装置 |
JPS6121516A (ja) * | 1984-07-09 | 1986-01-30 | Hitachi Ltd | 燃料電池発電システム |
JPS6124172A (ja) * | 1984-07-11 | 1986-02-01 | Agency Of Ind Science & Technol | 二次電池 |
-
1986
- 1986-02-27 JP JP61040361A patent/JPS62200668A/ja active Granted
-
1987
- 1987-02-26 DE DE19873706238 patent/DE3706238C2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-02-27 US US07/019,621 patent/US4797566A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1538813A1 (de) * | 1966-10-14 | 1969-09-18 | Gen Electric | Gleichspannungsquelle mit Brennstoffzellen |
US4362791A (en) * | 1980-06-17 | 1982-12-07 | Agency Of Industrial Science & Technology | Redox battery |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
Rautwurm, B.: Dauerstromversorgungsanlagen. In: Elektro-Anzeiger, 23. Jg., Nr. 19, 1970, S. 379-381 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPH0582717B2 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) | 1993-11-22 |
DE3706238A1 (de) | 1987-09-03 |
JPS62200668A (ja) | 1987-09-04 |
US4797566A (en) | 1989-01-10 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
DE3706238C2 (de) | Vorrichtung zur elektrischen Energiespeicherung | |
DE69220406T2 (de) | Batterieladevorrichtung | |
DE69326283T2 (de) | Gerät zum Laden eines wiederaufladbaren Akkumulators | |
DE69636317T2 (de) | Photovoltaische Hochspannungsanlage mit individuellen Speichermitteln | |
EP3207585B1 (de) | Verfahren zum betrieb eines stromnetzes, insbesondere eines stromnetzes eines wasserfahrzeugs | |
DE102009040090A1 (de) | Inseleinheit für ein Energienetz mit einer Steuereinheit zum Steuern eines Energieflusses zwischen der Energieerzeugungseinheit, der Energiespeichereinheit, der Lasteinheit und/oder dem Energienetz | |
DE202019106279U1 (de) | Modularisiertes Ess und Energieverteilungssystem | |
DE102015224842A1 (de) | Elektrisches Spannungsnetzwerk und Verfahren zum Verteilen von elektrischer Energie in einem elektrischen Spannungsnetzwerk | |
DE102010062362A1 (de) | Schnellladestation | |
DE102008046747A1 (de) | Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Produktionssystems und/oder einer lokalen Anlage im Inselbetrieb | |
EP3017523B1 (de) | Verfahren zum betrieb eines batteriewandlers und bidirektionaler batteriewandler | |
DE102010043516A1 (de) | Vorrichtung zur Schnellladung eines elektrischen Energiespeichers eines Fahrzeugs | |
DE102008044842A1 (de) | Vorrichtung zur Energieversorgung eines Bahnnetzes | |
DE102014113262A1 (de) | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Betrieb eines neben einem Netzbildner und mindestens einer Last an ein begrenztes Wechselstromnetz angeschlossenen Kraftwerks mit fluktuierender Leistungsfähigkeit | |
DE112023000490T5 (de) | Steuerschaltungen für die handhabung einer mehrzahl von stapeln elektrochemischer zellen und zugehörige verfahren | |
EP3173280B1 (de) | Batterie, fahrzeug mit einer solchen batterie und verwendung einer solchen batterie | |
DE102012109420A9 (de) | Wechselrichter, insbesondere Photovoltaikwechselrichter, mit Generatoranschluss und Batterieanschluss | |
DE2438919A1 (de) | Stromversorgungssystem fuer ein umlaufendes raumschiff oder einen satelliten | |
DE102016122668A1 (de) | Ladesteuersystem für ein Elektrofahrzeug | |
DE102012209995A1 (de) | Schaltvorrichtung für eine Batterie und entsprechendes Schaltverfahren | |
DE102012002599A1 (de) | Energieerzeugungsanlage mit Wechselrichter und Energiespeichersystem | |
EP2685590B1 (de) | Pufferspeicher einer Gleichstromenergieerzeugungsanlage | |
DE102019210792A1 (de) | Verfahren zum Laden einer Fahrzeugbatterie | |
DE102019207128A1 (de) | Energieversorgungsstation und Verfahren zur Energieversorgung für ein Fahrzeug | |
DE102015007405A1 (de) | Energiespeichersystem |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
8110 | Request for examination paragraph 44 | ||
D2 | Grant after examination | ||
8364 | No opposition during term of opposition |