DE3690072T1 - - Google Patents

Info

Publication number
DE3690072T1
DE3690072T1 DE19863690072 DE3690072T DE3690072T1 DE 3690072 T1 DE3690072 T1 DE 3690072T1 DE 19863690072 DE19863690072 DE 19863690072 DE 3690072 T DE3690072 T DE 3690072T DE 3690072 T1 DE3690072 T1 DE 3690072T1
Authority
DE
Germany
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
DE19863690072
Other versions
DE3690072C2 (de
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from JP60028747A external-priority patent/JPH078630B2/ja
Priority claimed from JP60106922A external-priority patent/JPS61189357A/ja
Priority claimed from JP1985091663U external-priority patent/JPH0435560Y2/ja
Priority claimed from JP1985103833U external-priority patent/JPS6212036U/ja
Priority claimed from JP60165201A external-priority patent/JP2571361B2/ja
Application filed filed Critical
Publication of DE3690072T1 publication Critical patent/DE3690072T1/de
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/06Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of combustion engines
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H59/00Control inputs to control units of change-speed-, or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion
    • F16H59/14Inputs being a function of torque or torque demand
    • F16H59/34Inputs being a function of torque or torque demand dependent on fuel feed
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/02Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of driveline clutches
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/10Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of change-speed gearings
    • B60W10/11Stepped gearings
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W30/00Purposes of road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. of systems using conjoint control of vehicle sub-units
    • B60W30/18Propelling the vehicle
    • B60W30/19Improvement of gear change, e.g. by synchronisation or smoothing gear shift
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H59/00Control inputs to control units of change-speed-, or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion
    • F16H59/50Inputs being a function of the status of the machine, e.g. position of doors or safety belts
    • F16H59/56Inputs being a function of the status of the machine, e.g. position of doors or safety belts dependent on signals from the main clutch
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H61/00Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/02Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used
    • F16H61/0202Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used the signals being electric
    • F16H61/0204Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used the signals being electric for gearshift control, e.g. control functions for performing shifting or generation of shift signal
    • F16H61/0213Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used the signals being electric for gearshift control, e.g. control functions for performing shifting or generation of shift signal characterised by the method for generating shift signals
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2710/00Output or target parameters relating to a particular sub-units
    • B60W2710/02Clutches
    • B60W2710/025Clutch slip, i.e. difference between input and output speeds
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2710/00Output or target parameters relating to a particular sub-units
    • B60W2710/10Change speed gearings
    • B60W2710/1011Input shaft speed, e.g. turbine speed
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60YINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2200/00Type of vehicle
    • B60Y2200/10Road Vehicles
    • B60Y2200/11Passenger cars; Automobiles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60YINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2200/00Type of vehicle
    • B60Y2200/10Road Vehicles
    • B60Y2200/14Trucks; Load vehicles, Busses
    • B60Y2200/145Haulage vehicles, trailing trucks
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H59/00Control inputs to control units of change-speed-, or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion
    • F16H2059/006Overriding automatic control
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H59/00Control inputs to control units of change-speed-, or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion
    • F16H59/36Inputs being a function of speed
    • F16H2059/366Engine or motor speed
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H59/00Control inputs to control units of change-speed-, or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion
    • F16H59/50Inputs being a function of the status of the machine, e.g. position of doors or safety belts
    • F16H59/54Inputs being a function of the status of the machine, e.g. position of doors or safety belts dependent on signals from the brakes, e.g. parking brakes
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H61/00Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/02Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used
    • F16H61/0202Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used the signals being electric
    • F16H61/0204Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used the signals being electric for gearshift control, e.g. control functions for performing shifting or generation of shift signal
    • F16H61/0206Layout of electro-hydraulic control circuits, e.g. arrangement of valves
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H61/00Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/68Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing specially adapted for stepped gearings
    • F16H61/682Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing specially adapted for stepped gearings with interruption of drive
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H63/00Control outputs from the control unit to change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion or to other devices than the final output mechanism
    • F16H63/40Control outputs from the control unit to change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion or to other devices than the final output mechanism comprising signals other than signals for actuating the final output mechanisms
    • F16H63/50Signals to an engine or motor
    • F16H63/502Signals to an engine or motor for smoothing gear shifts

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Control Of Transmission Device (AREA)
  • Control Of Driving Devices And Active Controlling Of Vehicle (AREA)
  • Electrical Control Of Air Or Fuel Supplied To Internal-Combustion Engine (AREA)
  • Control Of Vehicle Engines Or Engines For Specific Uses (AREA)
DE19863690072 1985-02-16 1986-02-14 Pending DE3690072T1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP60028747A JPH078630B2 (ja) 1985-02-16 1985-02-16 自動変速装置の変速制御方法
JP60106922A JPS61189357A (ja) 1985-05-21 1985-05-21 自動変速装置の変速制御方法
JP1985091663U JPH0435560Y2 (de) 1985-06-18 1985-06-18
JP1985103833U JPS6212036U (de) 1985-07-08 1985-07-08
JP60165201A JP2571361B2 (ja) 1985-07-26 1985-07-26 自動変速装置による変速方法

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
DE3690072T1 true DE3690072T1 (de) 1987-03-12

Family

ID=27521065

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
DE3690072A Expired - Lifetime DE3690072C2 (de) 1985-02-16 1986-02-14 Anordnung zum gemeinsamen Steuern eines Motors, eines Getriebes und einer Kupplung
DE19863690072 Pending DE3690072T1 (de) 1985-02-16 1986-02-14

Family Applications Before (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
DE3690072A Expired - Lifetime DE3690072C2 (de) 1985-02-16 1986-02-14 Anordnung zum gemeinsamen Steuern eines Motors, eines Getriebes und einer Kupplung

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US4785917A (de)
KR (1) KR920000369B1 (de)
DE (2) DE3690072C2 (de)
GB (1) GB2182734B (de)
WO (1) WO1986004865A1 (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3937302A1 (de) * 1989-11-09 1991-05-16 Man Nutzfahrzeuge Ag Verfahren zum schalten eines unsynchronisierten (klauen-) schaltgetriebes und, gegebenenfalls automatischen, betaetigen der zugehoerigen kupplung

Families Citing this family (27)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0352277B1 (de) * 1987-03-26 1990-10-31 ZF FRIEDRICHSHAFEN Aktiengesellschaft Einrichtung zur steuerung einer automatischen kraftfahrzeugkupplung
GB8810365D0 (en) * 1988-04-30 1988-06-08 Automotive Prod Plc Power line to drive vehicle
JP2764603B2 (ja) * 1989-03-27 1998-06-11 株式会社ゼクセル 車輌用内燃機関の制御方法
JPH0321533A (ja) * 1989-06-20 1991-01-30 Komatsu Ltd 建設機械における変速制御方法
JPH0361726A (ja) * 1989-07-28 1991-03-18 Zexel Corp 車輛用変速装置の制御方法
US5002166A (en) * 1989-09-14 1991-03-26 Automotive Products Plc Dual mode motor vehicle clutch control system
DE4012595C2 (de) * 1990-04-20 1999-12-02 Mannesmann Sachs Ag Anordnung zur Betätigung einer Kraftfahrzeug-Reibungskupplung
DE4125162A1 (de) * 1991-07-30 1993-02-04 Fichtel & Sachs Ag Anordnung zur betaetigung einer reibungskupplung eines kraftfahrzeugs, insbesondere eines lastkraftwagens
US5245893A (en) * 1992-10-02 1993-09-21 General Motors Corporation Transmission detent shift control with acceleration-based compensation
GB9312013D0 (en) * 1993-06-10 1993-07-28 Eaton Corp Clutch disengage logic
US5413012A (en) * 1993-09-07 1995-05-09 Eaton Corporation Variable synchronous window
US5425284A (en) * 1993-09-07 1995-06-20 Eaton Corporation Automated mechanical transmission control system/method
GB9408923D0 (en) * 1994-05-05 1994-06-22 Eaton Corp Power synchronizer for a compound transmission
GB9411494D0 (en) * 1994-06-08 1994-07-27 Eaton Corp System and method for decreasing ratio changing time in electronically enhanced powertrain systems
IT1266914B1 (it) * 1994-08-05 1997-01-21 Magneti Marelli Spa Sistema di controllo di un cambio servoassistito.
US5842376A (en) * 1995-06-05 1998-12-01 Eaton Corporation System and method for decreasing ratio changing time by actuating inertia brake while the master clutch is engaged in electronically enhanced powertrain systems
DE19709417A1 (de) * 1996-03-14 1997-10-30 Luk Getriebe Systeme Gmbh Vorrichtung zur Ansteuerung eines Drehmomentübertragungssystems und eines Getriebes, sowie ein Verfahren hierfür
JP2000205399A (ja) * 1998-12-31 2000-07-25 Dana Corp 多速度車軸シフティング装置の制御方法
GB2349926B (en) * 1999-04-15 2003-08-06 Komatsu Mfg Co Ltd Shift control apparatus of working vehicle
DE19951527C1 (de) * 1999-10-26 2001-06-13 Siemens Ag Steuerung für eine automatisch betätigte Kupplung eines Kraftfahrzeugs und Verfahren zum Steuern einer automatisch betätigten Kupplung
JP2001328461A (ja) * 2000-05-19 2001-11-27 Mitsubishi Electric Corp 同期噛合式自動変速機付きエンジンの制御装置
DE10213945B4 (de) * 2001-04-02 2016-01-07 Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG Verfahren zum Steuern und/oder Regeln einer automatisierten Kupplung und/oder eines automatisierten Getriebes eines Fahrzeuges
JP3690324B2 (ja) * 2001-10-11 2005-08-31 トヨタ自動車株式会社 車両用変速時制御装置
JP4438431B2 (ja) * 2004-01-30 2010-03-24 トヨタ自動車株式会社 変速装置
DE102004042417B3 (de) * 2004-09-02 2006-01-05 Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag Verfahren zum Notentsperren eines Automatikgetriebes
JP4767282B2 (ja) * 2008-05-30 2011-09-07 本田技研工業株式会社 内燃機関の制御装置
US9089426B2 (en) 2012-03-21 2015-07-28 Ams Research Corporation Automated implantable penile prosthesis pump system

Family Cites Families (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2781114A (en) * 1953-05-15 1957-02-12 British Electric Traction Comp Braking systems for vehicles
GB810895A (en) * 1957-02-19 1959-03-25 Automotive Prod Co Ltd Improvements in or relating to control mechanism for motor vehicles
US3129795A (en) * 1957-11-15 1964-04-21 Daimler Benz Ag Control arrangement for internal combustion engines
JPS4940487B1 (de) * 1969-06-03 1974-11-02
DE2532008A1 (de) * 1975-07-17 1977-02-03 Berliet Automobiles Automatisch steuerbares fahrzeug-getriebe
GB2066919A (en) * 1979-12-22 1981-07-15 Automotive Prod Co Ltd Clutch control apparatus
CA1161526A (en) * 1980-03-31 1984-01-31 William J. Vukovich Throttle control system for an automatic shift countershaft transmission
DE3028251A1 (de) * 1980-07-25 1982-03-11 Sachs Systemtechnik Gmbh, 8720 Schweinfurt Vorrichtung zur automatischen betaetigung einer kraftfahrzeugreibungskupplung
JPS5881257A (ja) * 1981-11-09 1983-05-16 Isuzu Motors Ltd 自動変速機
JPS58121343A (ja) * 1982-01-13 1983-07-19 Diesel Kiki Co Ltd 発進時の機関制御装置
JPS5981230A (ja) * 1982-10-30 1984-05-10 Isuzu Motors Ltd 電子制御式トランスミツシヨンの変速制御方式
US4523667A (en) * 1982-12-27 1985-06-18 Eaton Corporation Throttle modulation mechanism
CA1250642A (en) * 1983-06-30 1989-02-28 Toshihiro Hattori Method of controlling the starting of a vehicle having automatic clutch
DE3590104C2 (de) * 1984-03-16 1991-05-02 Mitsubishi Jidosha Kogyo K.K., Tokio/Tokyo, Jp
US4569255A (en) * 1984-09-12 1986-02-11 Eaton Corporation Automatic transmission controls with off-highway mode

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3937302A1 (de) * 1989-11-09 1991-05-16 Man Nutzfahrzeuge Ag Verfahren zum schalten eines unsynchronisierten (klauen-) schaltgetriebes und, gegebenenfalls automatischen, betaetigen der zugehoerigen kupplung

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
KR860006363A (ko) 1986-09-09
WO1986004865A1 (en) 1986-08-28
US4785917A (en) 1988-11-22
GB2182734B (en) 1989-09-13
GB8624173D0 (en) 1986-11-12
GB2182734A (en) 1987-05-20
KR920000369B1 (ko) 1992-01-13
DE3690072C2 (de) 1995-03-16

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
DE3690072T1 (de)
GR860255B (de)
DE3690661T1 (de)
DE3590759T1 (de)
GR852571B (de)
AU549439B2 (de)
GR851461B (de)
AU3954685A (de)
AU4121285A (de)
AU4708385A (de)
BA96126A (de)
GR852848B (de)
IN160367B (de)
BE905108A (de)
BG44654A1 (de)
BG45495A1 (de)
BG44572A1 (de)
BG44571A1 (de)
BG45496A1 (de)
BG44563A1 (de)
BG45482A1 (de)
BG44581A1 (de)
BG40852A1 (de)
BG39572A1 (de)
AU8658089A (de)