DE3690072T1 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- DE3690072T1 DE3690072T1 DE19863690072 DE3690072T DE3690072T1 DE 3690072 T1 DE3690072 T1 DE 3690072T1 DE 19863690072 DE19863690072 DE 19863690072 DE 3690072 T DE3690072 T DE 3690072T DE 3690072 T1 DE3690072 T1 DE 3690072T1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
- B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
- B60W10/06—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of combustion engines
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H59/00—Control inputs to control units of change-speed-, or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion
- F16H59/14—Inputs being a function of torque or torque demand
- F16H59/34—Inputs being a function of torque or torque demand dependent on fuel feed
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
- B60W10/02—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of driveline clutches
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
- B60W10/10—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of change-speed gearings
- B60W10/11—Stepped gearings
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W30/00—Purposes of road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. of systems using conjoint control of vehicle sub-units
- B60W30/18—Propelling the vehicle
- B60W30/19—Improvement of gear change, e.g. by synchronisation or smoothing gear shift
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H59/00—Control inputs to control units of change-speed-, or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion
- F16H59/50—Inputs being a function of the status of the machine, e.g. position of doors or safety belts
- F16H59/56—Inputs being a function of the status of the machine, e.g. position of doors or safety belts dependent on signals from the main clutch
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
- F16H61/02—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used
- F16H61/0202—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used the signals being electric
- F16H61/0204—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used the signals being electric for gearshift control, e.g. control functions for performing shifting or generation of shift signal
- F16H61/0213—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used the signals being electric for gearshift control, e.g. control functions for performing shifting or generation of shift signal characterised by the method for generating shift signals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W2710/00—Output or target parameters relating to a particular sub-units
- B60W2710/02—Clutches
- B60W2710/025—Clutch slip, i.e. difference between input and output speeds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W2710/00—Output or target parameters relating to a particular sub-units
- B60W2710/10—Change speed gearings
- B60W2710/1011—Input shaft speed, e.g. turbine speed
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
- B60Y2200/00—Type of vehicle
- B60Y2200/10—Road Vehicles
- B60Y2200/11—Passenger cars; Automobiles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
- B60Y2200/00—Type of vehicle
- B60Y2200/10—Road Vehicles
- B60Y2200/14—Trucks; Load vehicles, Busses
- B60Y2200/145—Haulage vehicles, trailing trucks
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H59/00—Control inputs to control units of change-speed-, or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion
- F16H2059/006—Overriding automatic control
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H59/00—Control inputs to control units of change-speed-, or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion
- F16H59/36—Inputs being a function of speed
- F16H2059/366—Engine or motor speed
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H59/00—Control inputs to control units of change-speed-, or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion
- F16H59/50—Inputs being a function of the status of the machine, e.g. position of doors or safety belts
- F16H59/54—Inputs being a function of the status of the machine, e.g. position of doors or safety belts dependent on signals from the brakes, e.g. parking brakes
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
- F16H61/02—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used
- F16H61/0202—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used the signals being electric
- F16H61/0204—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used the signals being electric for gearshift control, e.g. control functions for performing shifting or generation of shift signal
- F16H61/0206—Layout of electro-hydraulic control circuits, e.g. arrangement of valves
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
- F16H61/68—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing specially adapted for stepped gearings
- F16H61/682—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing specially adapted for stepped gearings with interruption of drive
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H63/00—Control outputs from the control unit to change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion or to other devices than the final output mechanism
- F16H63/40—Control outputs from the control unit to change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion or to other devices than the final output mechanism comprising signals other than signals for actuating the final output mechanisms
- F16H63/50—Signals to an engine or motor
- F16H63/502—Signals to an engine or motor for smoothing gear shifts
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Control Of Transmission Device (AREA)
- Control Of Driving Devices And Active Controlling Of Vehicle (AREA)
- Electrical Control Of Air Or Fuel Supplied To Internal-Combustion Engine (AREA)
- Control Of Vehicle Engines Or Engines For Specific Uses (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP60028747A JPH078630B2 (ja) | 1985-02-16 | 1985-02-16 | 自動変速装置の変速制御方法 |
JP60106922A JPS61189357A (ja) | 1985-05-21 | 1985-05-21 | 自動変速装置の変速制御方法 |
JP1985091663U JPH0435560Y2 (de) | 1985-06-18 | 1985-06-18 | |
JP1985103833U JPS6212036U (de) | 1985-07-08 | 1985-07-08 | |
JP60165201A JP2571361B2 (ja) | 1985-07-26 | 1985-07-26 | 自動変速装置による変速方法 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE3690072T1 true DE3690072T1 (de) | 1987-03-12 |
Family
ID=27521065
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE3690072A Expired - Lifetime DE3690072C2 (de) | 1985-02-16 | 1986-02-14 | Anordnung zum gemeinsamen Steuern eines Motors, eines Getriebes und einer Kupplung |
DE19863690072 Pending DE3690072T1 (de) | 1985-02-16 | 1986-02-14 |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE3690072A Expired - Lifetime DE3690072C2 (de) | 1985-02-16 | 1986-02-14 | Anordnung zum gemeinsamen Steuern eines Motors, eines Getriebes und einer Kupplung |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4785917A (de) |
KR (1) | KR920000369B1 (de) |
DE (2) | DE3690072C2 (de) |
GB (1) | GB2182734B (de) |
WO (1) | WO1986004865A1 (de) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3937302A1 (de) * | 1989-11-09 | 1991-05-16 | Man Nutzfahrzeuge Ag | Verfahren zum schalten eines unsynchronisierten (klauen-) schaltgetriebes und, gegebenenfalls automatischen, betaetigen der zugehoerigen kupplung |
Families Citing this family (27)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0352277B1 (de) * | 1987-03-26 | 1990-10-31 | ZF FRIEDRICHSHAFEN Aktiengesellschaft | Einrichtung zur steuerung einer automatischen kraftfahrzeugkupplung |
GB8810365D0 (en) * | 1988-04-30 | 1988-06-08 | Automotive Prod Plc | Power line to drive vehicle |
JP2764603B2 (ja) * | 1989-03-27 | 1998-06-11 | 株式会社ゼクセル | 車輌用内燃機関の制御方法 |
JPH0321533A (ja) * | 1989-06-20 | 1991-01-30 | Komatsu Ltd | 建設機械における変速制御方法 |
JPH0361726A (ja) * | 1989-07-28 | 1991-03-18 | Zexel Corp | 車輛用変速装置の制御方法 |
US5002166A (en) * | 1989-09-14 | 1991-03-26 | Automotive Products Plc | Dual mode motor vehicle clutch control system |
DE4012595C2 (de) * | 1990-04-20 | 1999-12-02 | Mannesmann Sachs Ag | Anordnung zur Betätigung einer Kraftfahrzeug-Reibungskupplung |
DE4125162A1 (de) * | 1991-07-30 | 1993-02-04 | Fichtel & Sachs Ag | Anordnung zur betaetigung einer reibungskupplung eines kraftfahrzeugs, insbesondere eines lastkraftwagens |
US5245893A (en) * | 1992-10-02 | 1993-09-21 | General Motors Corporation | Transmission detent shift control with acceleration-based compensation |
GB9312013D0 (en) * | 1993-06-10 | 1993-07-28 | Eaton Corp | Clutch disengage logic |
US5413012A (en) * | 1993-09-07 | 1995-05-09 | Eaton Corporation | Variable synchronous window |
US5425284A (en) * | 1993-09-07 | 1995-06-20 | Eaton Corporation | Automated mechanical transmission control system/method |
GB9408923D0 (en) * | 1994-05-05 | 1994-06-22 | Eaton Corp | Power synchronizer for a compound transmission |
GB9411494D0 (en) * | 1994-06-08 | 1994-07-27 | Eaton Corp | System and method for decreasing ratio changing time in electronically enhanced powertrain systems |
IT1266914B1 (it) * | 1994-08-05 | 1997-01-21 | Magneti Marelli Spa | Sistema di controllo di un cambio servoassistito. |
US5842376A (en) * | 1995-06-05 | 1998-12-01 | Eaton Corporation | System and method for decreasing ratio changing time by actuating inertia brake while the master clutch is engaged in electronically enhanced powertrain systems |
DE19709417A1 (de) * | 1996-03-14 | 1997-10-30 | Luk Getriebe Systeme Gmbh | Vorrichtung zur Ansteuerung eines Drehmomentübertragungssystems und eines Getriebes, sowie ein Verfahren hierfür |
JP2000205399A (ja) * | 1998-12-31 | 2000-07-25 | Dana Corp | 多速度車軸シフティング装置の制御方法 |
GB2349926B (en) * | 1999-04-15 | 2003-08-06 | Komatsu Mfg Co Ltd | Shift control apparatus of working vehicle |
DE19951527C1 (de) * | 1999-10-26 | 2001-06-13 | Siemens Ag | Steuerung für eine automatisch betätigte Kupplung eines Kraftfahrzeugs und Verfahren zum Steuern einer automatisch betätigten Kupplung |
JP2001328461A (ja) * | 2000-05-19 | 2001-11-27 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | 同期噛合式自動変速機付きエンジンの制御装置 |
DE10213945B4 (de) * | 2001-04-02 | 2016-01-07 | Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG | Verfahren zum Steuern und/oder Regeln einer automatisierten Kupplung und/oder eines automatisierten Getriebes eines Fahrzeuges |
JP3690324B2 (ja) * | 2001-10-11 | 2005-08-31 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 車両用変速時制御装置 |
JP4438431B2 (ja) * | 2004-01-30 | 2010-03-24 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 変速装置 |
DE102004042417B3 (de) * | 2004-09-02 | 2006-01-05 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag | Verfahren zum Notentsperren eines Automatikgetriebes |
JP4767282B2 (ja) * | 2008-05-30 | 2011-09-07 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 内燃機関の制御装置 |
US9089426B2 (en) | 2012-03-21 | 2015-07-28 | Ams Research Corporation | Automated implantable penile prosthesis pump system |
Family Cites Families (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2781114A (en) * | 1953-05-15 | 1957-02-12 | British Electric Traction Comp | Braking systems for vehicles |
GB810895A (en) * | 1957-02-19 | 1959-03-25 | Automotive Prod Co Ltd | Improvements in or relating to control mechanism for motor vehicles |
US3129795A (en) * | 1957-11-15 | 1964-04-21 | Daimler Benz Ag | Control arrangement for internal combustion engines |
JPS4940487B1 (de) * | 1969-06-03 | 1974-11-02 | ||
DE2532008A1 (de) * | 1975-07-17 | 1977-02-03 | Berliet Automobiles | Automatisch steuerbares fahrzeug-getriebe |
GB2066919A (en) * | 1979-12-22 | 1981-07-15 | Automotive Prod Co Ltd | Clutch control apparatus |
CA1161526A (en) * | 1980-03-31 | 1984-01-31 | William J. Vukovich | Throttle control system for an automatic shift countershaft transmission |
DE3028251A1 (de) * | 1980-07-25 | 1982-03-11 | Sachs Systemtechnik Gmbh, 8720 Schweinfurt | Vorrichtung zur automatischen betaetigung einer kraftfahrzeugreibungskupplung |
JPS5881257A (ja) * | 1981-11-09 | 1983-05-16 | Isuzu Motors Ltd | 自動変速機 |
JPS58121343A (ja) * | 1982-01-13 | 1983-07-19 | Diesel Kiki Co Ltd | 発進時の機関制御装置 |
JPS5981230A (ja) * | 1982-10-30 | 1984-05-10 | Isuzu Motors Ltd | 電子制御式トランスミツシヨンの変速制御方式 |
US4523667A (en) * | 1982-12-27 | 1985-06-18 | Eaton Corporation | Throttle modulation mechanism |
CA1250642A (en) * | 1983-06-30 | 1989-02-28 | Toshihiro Hattori | Method of controlling the starting of a vehicle having automatic clutch |
DE3590104C2 (de) * | 1984-03-16 | 1991-05-02 | Mitsubishi Jidosha Kogyo K.K., Tokio/Tokyo, Jp | |
US4569255A (en) * | 1984-09-12 | 1986-02-11 | Eaton Corporation | Automatic transmission controls with off-highway mode |
-
1986
- 1986-02-14 DE DE3690072A patent/DE3690072C2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1986-02-14 WO PCT/JP1986/000064 patent/WO1986004865A1/ja active Application Filing
- 1986-02-14 US US06/925,095 patent/US4785917A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1986-02-14 DE DE19863690072 patent/DE3690072T1/de active Pending
- 1986-02-14 GB GB8624173A patent/GB2182734B/en not_active Expired
- 1986-02-15 KR KR1019860001054A patent/KR920000369B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3937302A1 (de) * | 1989-11-09 | 1991-05-16 | Man Nutzfahrzeuge Ag | Verfahren zum schalten eines unsynchronisierten (klauen-) schaltgetriebes und, gegebenenfalls automatischen, betaetigen der zugehoerigen kupplung |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR860006363A (ko) | 1986-09-09 |
WO1986004865A1 (en) | 1986-08-28 |
US4785917A (en) | 1988-11-22 |
GB2182734B (en) | 1989-09-13 |
GB8624173D0 (en) | 1986-11-12 |
GB2182734A (en) | 1987-05-20 |
KR920000369B1 (ko) | 1992-01-13 |
DE3690072C2 (de) | 1995-03-16 |