DE3421922C2 - Verbundgebilde aus einem keramischen Material und einer Aluminiumlegierung - Google Patents

Verbundgebilde aus einem keramischen Material und einer Aluminiumlegierung

Info

Publication number
DE3421922C2
DE3421922C2 DE3421922A DE3421922A DE3421922C2 DE 3421922 C2 DE3421922 C2 DE 3421922C2 DE 3421922 A DE3421922 A DE 3421922A DE 3421922 A DE3421922 A DE 3421922A DE 3421922 C2 DE3421922 C2 DE 3421922C2
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
metal
layer
aluminum alloy
composite structure
ceramic
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
DE3421922A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
DE3421922A1 (de
Inventor
Masaya Nagoya Aichi Ito
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Niterra Co Ltd
Original Assignee
NGK Spark Plug Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by NGK Spark Plug Co Ltd filed Critical NGK Spark Plug Co Ltd
Publication of DE3421922A1 publication Critical patent/DE3421922A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of DE3421922C2 publication Critical patent/DE3421922C2/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B41/00After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
    • C04B41/009After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone characterised by the material treated
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B37/00Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating
    • C04B37/02Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating with metallic articles
    • C04B37/023Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating with metallic articles characterised by the interlayer used
    • C04B37/026Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating with metallic articles characterised by the interlayer used consisting of metals or metal salts
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B41/00After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
    • C04B41/45Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
    • C04B41/50Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with inorganic materials
    • C04B41/51Metallising, e.g. infiltration of sintered ceramic preforms with molten metal
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B41/00After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
    • C04B41/80After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone of only ceramics
    • C04B41/81Coating or impregnation
    • C04B41/85Coating or impregnation with inorganic materials
    • C04B41/88Metals
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2237/00Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/02Aspects relating to interlayers, e.g. used to join ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/12Metallic interlayers
    • C04B2237/122Metallic interlayers based on refractory metals
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2237/00Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/02Aspects relating to interlayers, e.g. used to join ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/12Metallic interlayers
    • C04B2237/124Metallic interlayers based on copper
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2237/00Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/30Composition of layers of ceramic laminates or of ceramic or metallic articles to be joined by heating, e.g. Si substrates
    • C04B2237/32Ceramic
    • C04B2237/34Oxidic
    • C04B2237/341Silica or silicates
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2237/00Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/30Composition of layers of ceramic laminates or of ceramic or metallic articles to be joined by heating, e.g. Si substrates
    • C04B2237/32Ceramic
    • C04B2237/34Oxidic
    • C04B2237/343Alumina or aluminates
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2237/00Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/30Composition of layers of ceramic laminates or of ceramic or metallic articles to be joined by heating, e.g. Si substrates
    • C04B2237/32Ceramic
    • C04B2237/34Oxidic
    • C04B2237/345Refractory metal oxides
    • C04B2237/348Zirconia, hafnia, zirconates or hafnates
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2237/00Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/30Composition of layers of ceramic laminates or of ceramic or metallic articles to be joined by heating, e.g. Si substrates
    • C04B2237/32Ceramic
    • C04B2237/36Non-oxidic
    • C04B2237/365Silicon carbide
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2237/00Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/30Composition of layers of ceramic laminates or of ceramic or metallic articles to be joined by heating, e.g. Si substrates
    • C04B2237/32Ceramic
    • C04B2237/36Non-oxidic
    • C04B2237/368Silicon nitride
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2237/00Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/30Composition of layers of ceramic laminates or of ceramic or metallic articles to be joined by heating, e.g. Si substrates
    • C04B2237/40Metallic
    • C04B2237/402Aluminium
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2237/00Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/50Processing aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to the joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/70Forming laminates or joined articles comprising layers of a specific, unusual thickness
    • C04B2237/708Forming laminates or joined articles comprising layers of a specific, unusual thickness of one or more of the interlayers
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2237/00Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/50Processing aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to the joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/72Forming laminates or joined articles comprising at least two interlayers directly next to each other
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2237/00Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/50Processing aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to the joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/76Forming laminates or joined articles comprising at least one member in the form other than a sheet or disc, e.g. two tubes or a tube and a sheet or disc
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12535Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.] with additional, spatially distinct nonmetal component
    • Y10T428/12576Boride, carbide or nitride component
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12535Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.] with additional, spatially distinct nonmetal component
    • Y10T428/12597Noncrystalline silica or noncrystalline plural-oxide component [e.g., glass, etc.]
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12535Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.] with additional, spatially distinct nonmetal component
    • Y10T428/12611Oxide-containing component
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12535Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.] with additional, spatially distinct nonmetal component
    • Y10T428/12611Oxide-containing component
    • Y10T428/12618Plural oxides

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Ceramic Products (AREA)
  • Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
DE3421922A 1983-06-17 1984-06-13 Verbundgebilde aus einem keramischen Material und einer Aluminiumlegierung Expired DE3421922C2 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP58107648A JPS59232979A (ja) 1983-06-17 1983-06-17 セラミツクとアルミニウム合金の複合体

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
DE3421922A1 DE3421922A1 (de) 1984-12-20
DE3421922C2 true DE3421922C2 (de) 1987-02-12

Family

ID=14464510

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
DE3421922A Expired DE3421922C2 (de) 1983-06-17 1984-06-13 Verbundgebilde aus einem keramischen Material und einer Aluminiumlegierung

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US4559277A (US06824948-20041130-C00056.png)
JP (1) JPS59232979A (US06824948-20041130-C00056.png)
DE (1) DE3421922C2 (US06824948-20041130-C00056.png)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3813947A1 (de) * 1988-04-26 1989-11-09 Asea Brown Boveri Verfahren zum aufbringen einer aus edelmetallen und/oder edelmetallverbindungen bestehenden katalysatorschicht auf einen traeger aus keramischem material
DE3924225A1 (de) * 1988-07-22 1990-01-25 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Keramik-metall-verbundsubstrat und verfahren zu seiner herstellung
DE3943683C2 (de) * 1988-07-22 1994-07-21 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Keramik-Metall-Verbundsubstrat

Families Citing this family (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS6114187A (ja) * 1984-06-27 1986-01-22 日本特殊陶業株式会社 補強板状焼結体
US4699849A (en) * 1985-07-17 1987-10-13 The Boeing Company Metal matrix composites and method of manufacture
US4740429A (en) * 1985-07-22 1988-04-26 Ngk Insulators, Ltd. Metal-ceramic joined articles
JPS62182174A (ja) * 1986-02-05 1987-08-10 日本碍子株式会社 セラミツクス・金属複合体
US4963187A (en) * 1987-03-04 1990-10-16 Ngk Spark Plug Co., Ltd. Metallizing paste for circuit board having low thermal expansion coefficient
US5251803A (en) * 1988-07-22 1993-10-12 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Ceramic-metal composite substrate and method for producing the same
JPH0829990B2 (ja) * 1988-09-21 1996-03-27 日本特殊陶業株式会社 セラミックスと金属との接合体
US5010053A (en) * 1988-12-19 1991-04-23 Arch Development Corporation Method of bonding metals to ceramics
US5215597A (en) * 1989-08-08 1993-06-01 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Method for bonding thin film thermocouples to ceramics
DE4111189C1 (US06824948-20041130-C00056.png) * 1991-04-06 1992-09-17 Hoechst Ceramtec Ag, 8672 Selb, De
US5703341A (en) * 1993-11-23 1997-12-30 Lockheed Martin Energy Systems, Inc. Method for adhesion of metal films to ceramics
US6326685B1 (en) * 1998-05-04 2001-12-04 Agere Systems Guardian Corp. Low thermal expansion composite comprising bodies of negative CTE material disposed within a positive CTE matrix
JP2000337962A (ja) * 1999-05-27 2000-12-08 Ando Electric Co Ltd 分光器及び光スペクトル測定装置
DE102005045666A1 (de) * 2005-09-14 2007-03-15 Itn Nanovation Gmbh Schicht oder Beschichtung sowie Zusammensetzung zu ihrer Herstellung
US8283047B2 (en) * 2006-06-08 2012-10-09 Howmet Corporation Method of making composite casting and composite casting
EP2035347A2 (en) * 2006-06-09 2009-03-18 Element Six (Production) (Pty) Ltd. Ultrahard composite materials
CN110563484A (zh) * 2019-08-26 2019-12-13 泰州市光明电子材料有限公司 一种陶瓷表面金属化工艺
CN113046677B (zh) * 2021-03-12 2023-05-26 昆明理工大学 一种片状陶瓷/铝合金复合材料及其制备方法
CN115679143A (zh) * 2021-07-30 2023-02-03 火线有限公司 具有改进性能的陶瓷金属复合材料及其制造方法

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1043918B (de) * 1956-04-23 1958-11-13 Telefunken Gmbh Verfahren zum Verbinden eines nichtmetallischen Stoffes, z. B. Keramik, mit einem Metallteil durch Loeten
DE1088199B (de) * 1957-03-29 1960-09-01 Csf Metallkoerper zum gasdichten Verbinden mit silikatischen Isolierstoffen
AT223114B (de) * 1960-04-11 1962-08-27 Cerberus Ag Verfahren zum Verbinden von keramischem Material mit Metall durch Verlöten und Lötmaterial
US3879840A (en) * 1969-01-15 1975-04-29 Ibm Copper doped aluminum conductive stripes and method therefor
JPS5951747B2 (ja) * 1979-12-07 1984-12-15 株式会社日立製作所 微小配線構造体
DE3014645C2 (de) * 1980-04-16 1982-12-02 MTU Motoren- und Turbinen-Union München GmbH, 8000 München Metall-Keramik-Bauteil und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3813947A1 (de) * 1988-04-26 1989-11-09 Asea Brown Boveri Verfahren zum aufbringen einer aus edelmetallen und/oder edelmetallverbindungen bestehenden katalysatorschicht auf einen traeger aus keramischem material
DE3924225A1 (de) * 1988-07-22 1990-01-25 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Keramik-metall-verbundsubstrat und verfahren zu seiner herstellung
DE3943683C2 (de) * 1988-07-22 1994-07-21 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Keramik-Metall-Verbundsubstrat

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3421922A1 (de) 1984-12-20
US4559277A (en) 1985-12-17
JPS59232979A (ja) 1984-12-27
JPH0222026B2 (US06824948-20041130-C00056.png) 1990-05-17

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