DE3339509A1 - METHOD FOR TRAINING CONCRETE Piles, AND PREPARATION PILLS HERE - Google Patents

Description

Compagnie Internationale des October 28, 1983 Pieux Armes Frankignoul. .. _{Äl / Tv}

Rue Gretry, 196- ^{P 4yt) 4 A1 / IV} B - Liege (Belgium)

description

Method of forming concrete piles and preparatory piles therefor

The invention relates essentially to a method for forming concrete piles and a preparatory pile Therefore.

It is known from US-PS 779 881 to form concrete piles, by driving a preparatory stake into the ground. or into the ground, which has a stake shaft and comprises a releasable bottom or shoe which is releasably attached to the bottom portion of the pole shaft, thus a To form the opening and to fill the opening at least around the pile shaft with concrete from which the permanent pile to be assembled, after which the soil is detached from the pile shaft before the pile shaft is taken out the opening is pulled.

Improvements have been made in this known process, one of which is described in U.S. Patent 3,851,485 is. These improvements relate essentially to improved embodiments of the container, to pour concrete into the opening, and they also relate to various forms of preparatory piles.

Such known methods and devices for forming concrete piles have a major disadvantage,

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which consists in that during the driving of the preparatory stake a movement of the ground occurs, resulting in a "constriction" or a reduction of the Shaft diameter according to known geotechnical principles with regard to shearing and moving the earth results. .

An object of the present invention is first of all to find a solution which the above so-called Avoid "constricting" or reducing the shaft diameter during driving of the preparatory pile occurs in order to eliminate the disadvantage of known driving methods.

According to the invention, this object is achieved by means of a method solved for the formation of concrete piles, with a preparatory pile driven into the earth or the ground which comprises a stake shaft and a releasable floor or shoe which is releasably attached to the floor part of the pile shaft is attached so as to form an opening, the opening at least around the pile shaft is filled with the concrete from which the permanent pile is to be composed, after which the bottom of loosening the stake before pulling the stake shaft out of the opening, using a preparatory stake shaft at a height of approximately four times the diameter of the permanent shaft above the preparatory pile base is provided with a housing or bezel having a diameter that is the same is the diameter of the permanent shaft, the housing being displaced with the pile shaft during driving of the preparatory pile is connected in order to prevent the ground from shearing and shifting.

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According to a particular embodiment, this housing can be formed from a circular membrane, which is attached to the pile shaft at various points around the pile shaft to support the concrete during driving of the preparatory pile downwards, where- ■ the membrane together with the pile shaft from the Opening is removed.

According to a further embodiment, the housing can be of a length that is equal to four times the length Diameter of the permanent shaft, and it consequently extends from this height by about four times the diameter of the permanent shaft downwards in order to come into contact with the pile base, with this housing at the pile shaft is attached so that it can be removed from the opening together with the pile shaft.

According to a further embodiment, the housing. from a concrete shell or asbestos-cement shell or one Plastic pipe or metal sleeve may be formed of a length equal to approximately four times that of The diameter of the permanent shaft is and from this height is four times the permanent shaft diameter above of the pile base extends downward to come into abutment with the ground.

The casing is preferably arranged within a corresponding recess in the preparatory pile shaft, which latter has a profile in length cross-section equal to the permanent shaft diameter.

The invention also relates to a preparatory pile, which has a pile shaft and a detachable pile base or Includes shoe which is releasably attached to the bottom portion of the pole shaft and is characterized in that

he at a height of about four times the diameter of the permanent shaft above the preparatory pile base a housing with a diameter equal to that Comprises diameter of the permanent shaft to be formed, the housing so positioned with respect to the pile shaft is that when it is moved it is connected to the pile shaft during driving of the preparatory pile.

Accordingly, the housing can be constructed in accordance with the aforementioned preferred embodiments.

The invention is explained in more detail below using exemplary embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Show in the drawing

Fig. 1 schematically shows the shearing and ver

pushing from the ground while driving the preparatory pile according to the procedure according to the

U.S. Patent 779,881;

Fig. 2 is a side view of a first embodiment of the preparatory pile; 25th

Figure 2a is a sectional view along the line

Ha-IIa in Figure 3;

Fig. 3 is a view of a second embodiment

shape of the preparatory stake;

3a is a sectional view along the line

IHa-IIIa in Figure 3;

Fig. 4 is a view of a third embodiment

shape of the preparatory stake;

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Figure 4a is a sectional view along the line

IVa-IVa.

In the known method, a preparatory pile 2 is driven into the ground or ground 1 according to FIG. 1, which comprises a pole shaft 3 and a detachable bottom 4 or shoe attached to the bottom portion of the pole shaft is releasably attached in order to create an opening 5. This known method also includes that Filling the opening 5 at least around the pile shaft 3 with concrete 6 from which the permanent pile is composed should be, for example with the help of a concrete feed pipe 7 · According to this known method, the concrete level is kept constant in the hole that goes through the preparatory pile is formed to fill the opening 5 as it is formed. The preparatory stake 3, if it is formed by a hollow tube, advantageously has holes 8 to allow it to move freely of the concrete within the pile shaft.

The soil is then loosened before the pile shaft 3 is withdrawn.

According to this known method occurs during the driving of the preparatory pile 2 with its bottom 4, which has a diameter D, which must be equal to the diameter of the permanent pile shaft, a movement of the ground according to the arrows 10 in fig. 1 and the approximate limitation of this ground movement is by the outer line 12 indicated.

From Fig. 1 it can be seen that the lower limit of the ground movement is approximately at a depth which is the same is the diameter of the pile bottom 4, while this approximate limit of ground movement ends at a height which four times the diameter of the pile base or the permanent

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Corresponds to the pile shaft, if the diameter, of the pile bottom is that of the permanent stake to be formed.

Such a movement of the ground results in a constriction effect or a reduction in the opening diameter, i.e. a reduction in the diameter of the Permanent post.

This main disadvantage of the known method is achieved according to the invention avoided with the method which will now be explained with reference to the three preferred embodiments according to FIGS.

According to Fig. 2, which shows the first embodiment of the preparatory pile shows, the preparatory stake driven into the ground 1 includes, of course, one .Pile shaft 21. and a detachable pile base 22 or Shoe that forms the end of the permanent post as shown. This preparatory stake also includes in one Height of approximately four times the diameter of the permanent shaft above the preparatory pile base 22 a housing 24 with a diameter equal to the diameter of the permanent shaft, this housing with the The pile shaft 21 is connected during the driving of the preparatory pile 20, thus preventing the shearing and displacement of the ground.

Preferably, as shown in FIG. 2, the housing 24 has a length approximately equal to that four times the diameter of the permanent shaft, and it consequently extends from this height by approximately four times the diameter above the pile base 22 downwards in order to come into contact with the pile base 22, as clearly shown in FIG. The housing is according to the embodiment of FIG. 2 at different

Places around the shaft attached to the pile shaft 21, by means of inwardly directed projections 26 which are shown as being sloped. This attachment can be done by a known method, and these inner protrusions can be attached to, for example Stake shaft 21 be welded.

According to the embodiment of FIG. 2, it can be seen that the housing 24 is a "narrowing" or a Reduction of the permanent pile is prevented because the housing 24 extends over a length of four times the permanent sheep t diameter extends, so that during the driving of the preparatory pile 20 a movement of the ground is prevented.

In this embodiment, similar to the other according to FIG. 1, the pile shaft 21 is formed by a tube with holes 28, to allow the concrete to move freely within the pipe when the concrete is outside the prep pile 20 is added, as indicated by the pile C in Fig. 2, the concrete mirror by the letters CL. is shown within a temporary housing 30, which may be a hopper, which is arranged in the opening of the bottom 1.

In Fig. 2a it is shown that the pile shaft 21 has a central tubular portion 21a and radial extensions 21b, four of which are shown, this number can of course be increased or decreased can.

This housing 24, which is attached to the preparatory pile shaft 21, is assembled together with the pile shaft 21 removed when this pile shaft 21 is out of the opening on the 35th

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The end of the procedure is removed after the pile base 22 is loosened in a manner known per se, which forms the permanent end of the pile. Such releasable connections between the pile shaft and pile bottom are in U.S. Patents 779,881 and 3,851,485.

Finally, it is also useful that the upper portion 32 of the housing 3 ² J, which is formed here by a hollow tube of approximately circular cross-section, is inclined inward, the inclined portion creating a gap 36 between the pile shaft 21 and the upper portion of the Housing 24 leaves; In this case, the gap is preferably approximately half the size of the distance between the pile shaft 21 and the inner wall of the opening 34.

In Fig. 3, another embodiment of the preparatory pile is shown, which here the same pile shaft 21 as 2 with the same pile floor 22 includes. However, here the housing is made of a circular membrane 40 preferably formed on the preparatory pile shaft 21 in the same manner as the housing 24 the embodiment of Fig. 2 is attached, namely by means of inwardly directed projections 42, the are arranged obliquely as shown. The upper section 44 of the circular membrane 40 can also be advantageous inwardly sloping, with a gap 46 between the pile shaft 21 and the upper portion 44 of the Housing 40 is left.

As shown in Fig. 3, this is circular, the housing forming membrane 40 at a height of approximately four times the diameter D of the permanent shaft above of the preparation shaft base 22 and preferably ends exactly at this height and extends downwards from this exact height to get the desired effect

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to achieve. The minimum length to achieve this desired effect is approximately half the diameter D. of the permanent shaft, this minimum length including the inclined section 44. This embodiment is similar that of Fig. 2 pushes the concrete downward with respect to the inner projections 42 during the driving of the preparatory pile.

Referring to Fig. H, there is shown a third embodiment of a preparatory pile. Here the preparatory pile 50 comprises a pile shaft 51, which is shown in FIG. 4a, a plate 51a being provided to which two rods 51b, 51c are fastened at right angles and in alignment. This pile shaft 51 is also provided with holes 52 in order to create a free connection between the compartments which are delimited between the plate 51a and the rods 51b and 51c, as can be clearly seen in FIG. 4a.

In accordance with the invention, the preparatory pile 50 further comprises a permanent concrete shell or other permanent one Material 54 of a length approximately equal to four times the diameter of the permanent shaft diameter D, the lower portion 54a coming into abutment with the pile base 55, which is releasably attached to the pile shaft 51 is. This permanent shell 54 is within a corresponding recess 56 of the preparatory pile shaft 51 arranged, which in this embodiment has a cross-sectional profile outside the recess 56 which substantially equal to the permanent shaft diameter D. is as shown in FIG.

Correspondingly, the permanent shell is locked in the recess 56 of the pile shaft 51 during use, namely with the help of the pile base 55. Accordingly, if the pile base 55 is detached from the pile shaft 51 and the Pile shaft 51 is removed, the permanent shell 54,

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1 which here forms the housing, in the ground, so that both during the driving of the pile and afterwards Movements of the ground are prevented.

5 It is therefore understood that each of the three embodiments shown in FIGS. 2 to 4 in the Method according to the invention can be used successfully.

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Claims (10)

1 1. Method for forming concrete piles, whereby a preparatory pile is driven into the ground, the one .pile shaft and a detachable floor or Has shoe, which is releasably attached to the bottom portion 5 of the pole shaft so as to close an opening form, the opening being filled at least around the pile shaft with the concrete from which the permanent pile should exist, after which the soil is loosened from the pile, 10 before the stake shaft is pulled out of the opening, thereby characterized in that the preparatory stake shaft is at a height of approximately four times Diameter of the permanent shaft provided above the bottom of the preparatory pile with a housing 15, which has a diameter equal to the diameter of the BATH ORIGINAL APPROVAL: * LG MÜNCHEN I AND II, "'ADDITIONALLY OLG MUNICH AND BAYER. OBERSTES LANDESGERIC Has permanent shaft, and that the housing when moving with the pile shaft during driving of the Preparatory pile is connected so that shearing or shifting of the ground is prevented. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that g e k e η η that the housing is formed from a circular membrane which is attached to the pile shaft at various Make around this pile shaft attached to the concrete down while driving the prep pile and that the membrane is then removed along with the pile shaft. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that g e k e η η, that the length of the housing is approximately four times the diameter of the permanent shaft and extends from this height of approximately four times the diameter of the permanent shaft downwards, ■ to come into contact with the pile bottom, the housing being attached to the pile shaft, so as to with the Stake shaft to be removed. 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the housing consists of a shell durable material · is formed of a length which is equal to approximately four times the permanent shaft diameter, and that the shell is from this height of about four times the diameter of the permanent shaft above of the pile base extends downwards so as to come into contact with the pile base. 5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that the shell within a corresponding Recess of the preparatory pile shaft is arranged, the latter having a longitudinal cross-sectional profile which is essentially equal to the permanent BAD ORiGISMAL shaft diameter is outside the recess. 6. Preparatory stake with a stake shaft and a detachable pile base or shoe that is detachable fastened to the bottom section of the pile shaft, characterized in that it is a Housing (24; 40; 54) at a height of approximately four times the diameter of the permanent shaft above the Preparatory pile base has a diameter equal to the diameter of the permanent shaft is, and that the housing when moving with the pile shaft during driving of the preparatory pile is connected, so as to prevent the shearing and shifting of the ground. 1-5 ... 7- post according to claim 6, characterized in that the housing (40) of a circular Membrane or shell is formed on the pile shaft (21) at different points around the The pile shaft is attached to push the concrete down while driving the preparatory pile, and that the membrane or shell is then removable together with the pile shaft (21). 8. Post according to claim 6, characterized in that the housing (24) has a length which is equal to approximately four times the diameter of the permanent shaft, being different from this Height of approximately four times the diameter of the permanent shaft extending down to abut the pile floor (22) to get, and that the housing (24) on the pile shaft (21) is attached to together with the Stake shaft (21) to be removed. 9. Post according to claim 6, characterized in that the housing (5 ¹ O is formed by a sheath made of durable material with a length which is approximately four times the permanent shaft diameter and from this height is approximately four times the diameter of the permanent shaft above the Pile floor (55) extends downward to come into contact with this pile floor (55). 10. Post according to claim 9, characterized in that the concrete shell within a corresponding recess (56) of the preparatory pile shaft (52) is arranged, the latter outside the recess (56) has a cross-sectional profile approximately equal to the permanent shaft diameter. BATH ORIGINAL