DE2206104A1 - Concrete piles cast-in-place and methods of making them - Google Patents

Description

DR. ING. B. HOFFMANN DIPL. ING. W. EITLE DR. RER. NAT. K. HOFFMANN

PATE NTANW ALT K D-800D MÖNCHEN 81ARABEUASTRASSE 4 TELEPHONE (0811) 911087

RAYMOND INTERNATIONAL, INC., NEIi YORK, N.Y./USA

Concrete piles cast in place and methods of their manufacture

The invention relates to a method of making cast-in-place concrete piles and in particular a process for the production of concrete piles, where the casing, which is used as a mold for the concrete, is for further use ah can be used again elsewhere.

In the manufacture of cast-in-place concrete piles, it is common practice to first place a housing through a driving process to arrange. This housing surrounds an inner cavity, which is then filled with concrete will. Housings of this type are usually made of steel and their walls are thick enough to withstand the forces to withstand, which arise from the driving, as well as the external forces of the surrounding soil formations.

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The high consumption of steel are processes and methods Devices for the arrangement of so-called '' casing-free Piles "have been designed and used. In this attempt, a makeshift metal casing or enclosure driven into the ground and poured concrete inside. Then the makeshift case or enclosure pulled up before the concrete sets instead of to leave them permanently in the ground, as has hitherto been the case, by then using a concrete pile without a protective covering remains behind. If there is not too much liquid in the soil or if the back pressure is very high, hold the concrete and the ground mutually, while the concrete sets and hardens.

However, a problem arises in performing this procedure with regard to the amount of concrete required for piling, namely in that a cavity formed by the housing walls after removal of the housing the hole arises. When the housing is withdrawn, the liquid concrete column held by the housing flows downwards and outwards and thus fills the cavity formed by the housing wall and comes into direct contact with the surrounding V / and. If not enough concrete is used to fill the enclosure, the surface will lie of the concrete below the floor after the housing is fully pulled out. This could cause dirt and other material enter the hole before additional concrete is added.

So far, various attempts have been made to solve this problem, such as by using a housing, which was longer than was absolutely necessary to achieve the penetration in order to

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To hold the concrete, however, was the filling of such a housing, the upper end e.g. 3. »05 m above of the ground, difficult and time consuming. A filling device large enough to contain additional concrete was placed on top of the case, like a funnel, but this too was too heavy and time consuming.

It is therefore the aim of the invention to provide an improved and To create an economical process for the on-site production of concrete piles cast in the ground, whereby the housing can be removed from the ground before the concrete hardens, and in which the hole against the Penetration of dirt and other material is protected. This method also facilitates the delivery of reinforcing agents Steel to the bottom of the post.

This is achieved according to the invention in that a substantially solid housing is driven into the ground so that an enclosure, polygamy, is shorter than the housing in which Soil is placed around the upper part of the housing, that concrete is poured into the housing and that the housing is made pulled out from the bottom while wrapping in the bottom remain.

Thus, there is provided a method of making cast-in-place concrete piles in which a substantially solid casing driven into the ground and a casing around the case. The inside diameter of the envelope is much larger than the outside diameter of the housing, and the casing is much shorter than the housing. The next step is that Concrete is poured into the housing and then the housing is moved out of the hole before the concrete sets. Of the Concrete flows out and down to fill in the cavity created by pulling out the housing walls.

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has been formed. However, the casing remaining in the hole is arranged so that the upper surface of the Concrete does not lie below the bottom of the envelope, which ensures that dirty and other foreign matter does not enter the hole.

In a further embodiment of the invention is a New and improved cast-in-place concrete pile has been created, which consists of an elongated Concrete column that extends down into the ground. A thin-walled enclosure is on top placed on the column and filled with concrete, the envelope is essentially shorter than the column and her upper end protrudes from the ground.

These essential features of the invention have been set forth herein so that the following will be more detailed Description can be better understood and the improvement in the prior art can be better appreciated. Naturally there are other additional features of the invention which are further described below. Experts | will understand that the subject matter on which this disclosure is based should at all times be used as the basis for manufacture other constructions can be used to carry out the various functions of the invention can. It is important, therefore, to be aware that this disclosure covers similar constructions not dated by the US Pat The spirit and scope of the invention differ.

Various embodiments according to the invention are explained in more detail in the following description and drawing and shown.

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Show it:

Fig. 1 is a cross section through a driven into the ground housing, which at its upper Part of it is surrounded by an envelope that is not yet in the ground;

Fig. 2 is an enlarged partial cross-section showing details of the housing and the interacting therewith Wrapping shows;

3 shows a cross-section similar to FIG. 1, in which However, the housing and enclosure are completely driven into the ground;

FIG. 4 shows a cross-section similar to FIG. 5, in which the the cavity formed by the housing is filled with concrete;

5 shows a cross-section similar to FIG. 4, in which the housing is partially pulled out of the ground and the one located inside the housing Concrete has flowed into the empty space, which is after pulling out the housing wall has formed;

Fig. 6 is a partial cross-section in which the housing is completely pulled out of the ground and the casing receives some of the concrete and dirt and other material therefrom prevents from entering the hole;

Fig. 7 is a cross-section through a completed pile after the envelope has been filled with concrete is;

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8 shows the cross section of a further embodiment according to the invention, one entirely in the ground imported wrapping;

9 is an enlarged partial section of the lower part of the envelope;

10 shows a cross-section through the housing and casing, both of which are completely driven into the ground and

11 shows a cross-section similar to FIG. 10, but in which the casing after filling with concrete of the cavity formed by it is shown.

In Fig. 1 of the drawing, a hollow housing 11 is shown which is in the earth or the ground 12 through (not shown) conventional devices, such as steam or air hammers, vibrating hammers or other devices introduced the principle of resonance for driving piles.

The housing 11 is preferably made of relatively strong material, such as steel, and the walls of the Cases are thick enough to withstand the force exerted on them during driving the case into the ground to withstand. Although the housing 11 has a circular cross-section in the drawing, it can also be any have other suitable cross-sectional shape. A removable lock 13 of known construction is on the lower End of the housing 11 attached to prevent dirt or other substances in the interior 14 of the housing penetrate when the housing is inserted into the ground. As can be seen in Figs. 1 and 2, the housing 11 a drive ring 15 made of steel or other re-

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relatively solid material, which is firmly attached, e.g. by welding, to the housing. The driving ring 15 is attached to the housing at a predetermined distance from the upper end thereof.

A cylindrical envelope 16 is arranged concentrically around the upper part of the housing 11, which preferably, but not necessarily made of a relatively thin-walled corrugated material. The inside diameter the casing 16 is larger than the outer diameter of the housing 11 except for the lower end portion the envelope which is bent inwardly in Fig. 17 so that it is between the end and the outer surface of the housing there is a sliding connection. It should be noted that the inwardly bent part I7 under the Drive ring 15 is arranged. It is advantageous that this inwardly bent part is a sealing scraper which prevents dirt and water from entering the enclosure when the housing is being disposed of. It also scrapes off any dirt from the housing that would otherwise stick to it and that in the casing would contaminate the concrete.

After continued downward movement of the housing 11, the drive ring I5 occurs with the part 17 of the Enclosure 16 in contact so as to pull or push the envelope into the ground. Driving in the case 11 is terminated before the top of the envelope gets below the surface of the floor as shown in Fig. is shown. The mounting of the drive ring 15 on the housing 11, i.e. the distance from its upper end is like this chosen that the housing 11 penetrates a certain distance into the ground, while at the same time ensured becomes that the enclosure 16 is still over

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protrudes a desired distance above the surface of the soil when the driving process is complete is.

After the housing 11 and the enclosure 16, as above are installed, concrete 18 is poured into the interior 14 of the housing 11 until the housing is almost is completely filled, forming an elongated concrete column in the ground, as can be seen in FIG.

After the concrete is filled and before it can set or harden, the housing 11 is up pulled out of the ground, as seen in Figure 5, with the wrapper 16 remaining in place in the ground. Such a pulling process can be carried out with the help of any suitable conventional pulling device or (not shown) lifting equipment. The lock remains in the hole as it moves under the influence of the weight the concrete column automatically detaches from the housing 11. When the housing 11 is withdrawn, the flows Concrete l8 downwards and outwards to fill the spaces formed by the housing walls, wherein he comes into contact with the ground 12. This flow of concrete 18 can be very significant. For example, if a housing with an outer diameter of 33 cm and a wall thickness of 1 cm, falls when the Housing by 2.36 m each, the 30 cm long part of the concrete column located in the housing by 30 cm each. Thus falls with Withdrawing a 12 m long housing the concrete 1.57 m and in a 15 m long housing the concrete falls 1.96 m; In a 18 m long housing, the concrete falls 2.30 m.

After the housing 11 has been pulled completely out of the ground, the concrete 18 has spread over a considerable distance.

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stood sprawled down in the hole, like in Pig. 6, the sinking of course from the Dimensions of the housing 11 depends. The presence of the enclosure 16 prevents clogging from occurring due to the sinking concrete, while otherwise the upper part of the hole against the entry of Dirt or other foreign matter would not be protected and thus contamination or decreasing strength of the completed concrete pile could occur. The length of the envelope is dimensioned so that the upper end of the ' Concrete remains above the bottom of the cladding.

The next inventive step in the method for Making cast-in-place concrete piles consists of placing additional concrete in the envelope 16 is given to extend the stake to its reduced length. This step is illustrated in FIG. 7. If desired, suitable reinforcing devices can be used 19 must be made in the hole within the envelope, before additional concrete is added. The concrete can settle within the envelope 16, which is of relatively inexpensive construction and remains installed.

In the embodiment according to the invention in FIGS. 8 to 11, the casing 16 is inserted into the ground before the fixed housing 11, as seen in Fig. 8, is driven. This could be through an additional plant and a conventional battering ram to drive the pile or it could be effected by a vibrator to be built in. In some plants the cladding has smooth walls. When the soil in which they are used is not water-bearing, it can be used "with open ends" and then cleaned in the conventional way

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are made using a fluted drill. As can be seen in FIGS. 8 and 9, in the Most systems provide a temporary closure for the underside of the envelope until the Housing is guided into them and through them. This temporarily acting closure includes the annular drive ring 15 * which by the in 17 after inside bent end portion of the envelope is held in place. The lower end part of the envelope is still provided with a projection 18 which has a removable, closing plate or shutter Ij5 the end of the envelope to prevent dirt and / or water from entering the envelope.

Thereafter, as seen in FIG. 10, the fixed housing 11 becomes into the envelope 16 and passed through it in such a way that it the closure 13 together with the envelope pulls down, thereby forming a closure for the lower end of the housing 11 to prevent Dirt or other substances enter the interior 14 when the housing is inserted into the ground. It is beneficial that between the drive ring 15 and the outside of the housing 11 is a sliding connection, whereby it is prevented that foreign substances penetrate into the envelope. The housing 11 is then over a desired Distance driven into the ground.

As best seen in Figure 11, after the housing 11 and enclosure 16 are inserted into the ground, the concrete 18 is poured into the interior 14 of the housing 11 until the housing is substantially filled. When the filling process the concrete is finished, and before the concrete can set or harden, the housing 11 is after pulled up out of the ground and the process in the same

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Chen ended manner, as described in connection with the embodiment shown in Figs.

From the foregoing it will be seen that the present invention provides an improved cast-in-place Creates concrete pile, which simplifies the constructions known from the prior art, Economy and effectiveness is superior.

Although only a few according to the invention are provided here for explanation Embodiments are treated, it will be apparent to the expert after reviewing this description that many other modifications are possible.

In summary, the invention includes cast-in-place concrete piles and a method of making them the same with a wrapper inserted into the bottom and around the top of a substantially solid one Housing is arranged, .so that when the housing is pulled out of the bottom of the molded by the housing Void is filled with coming out of the envelope concrete, thereby preventing dirt and foreign matter penetrate the hole.

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Claims (12)

22061 Claims Process for the production of concrete piles cast on site, thereby marked c h η e t, that a substantially solid housing is driven into the ground, that an enclosure which is shorter as the casing, placed in the ground around the top of the casing, pouring concrete into the casing is poured and that the housing is pulled out of the ground while the envelope remains in the ground. 2. A method for producing cast-in-place concrete piles according to claim l _f, characterized in that additional concrete is poured into the envelope after the housing has been pulled out. j5. Method of making cast-in-place Concrete piles according to claim 1, characterized in that the casing together with the Housing is pulled into the ground. k. A method of manufacturing on-site cast concrete piles according to claim 1, characterized in that the casing is driven into the ground in front of the fixed housing. 5. A method for the production of cast concrete piles on the spot, characterized in that that a cover is attached to the upper part of a substantially rigid housing, that the cover is shorter than the housing and has a larger inner diameter than the outer diameter of the 209840/0082 220610 ' Housing that the housing is driven into the ground and thereby pulls the envelope with it that Concrete is poured into the housing, and that the housing is pulled out of the ground while 'the Wrapping remains in it and that this last step is carried out before the concrete hardens. 6. A method for producing on-site cast concrete piles according to claim 5 *, thereby g e marking Chnet that the envelope is only inserted so far that part of it is above of the soil remains. 7. A method for the production of cast concrete piles on the spot according to claim 5 »characterized in that a drive ring near the lower End of the envelope is attached to the housing and that the lower end of the envelope is bent inward is to come into sliding connection with the outer surface of the housing, and that the. link between the drive ring and the lower end is intended to pull the envelope into the ground. 8. A method for producing on-site cast concrete piles according to claim 5 * characterized in that g e k.e η η, that the envelope consists of thin-walled, wavy material and is concentric to the housing is arranged. 9. Process for the production of concrete piles cast on site, thereby marked, that an elongated housing is partially driven into the ground, that a casing on the top 203840/0082 Part of the housing is attached and the envelope is shorter than the housing and a larger inner diameter has as the outer diameter of the housing that a washer ring on the fixed housing placed near the lower end of the envelope and bent the lower end of the envelope inward is to come into sliding connection with the fixed housing that the fixed housing continues into the Ground is driven, with the washer ring on the housing with the lower end in connection occurs to pull the casing into the ground, that concrete is poured into the housing, that the housing pulled out of the ground while the enclosure is held in it and that the housing is pulled out, before the concrete has hardened and after pulling out the housing additional concrete into the casing is poured. 10. Process for the production of concrete piles cast on site, thereby marked, that the housing is essentially solid, that the envelope is corrugated and thin-walled, and that reinforcing Facilities are used in the concrete within the cladding. 11. Concrete pile cast in place, characterized in that it consists of an in the bottom formed elongated concrete column, and a cladding 16, which is on top of the concrete column is set and driven into the bottom 12 that the envelope 16 is shorter than the column that the upper end of the envelope 16 extends above the bottom 12 and that the envelope 16 with loading - 15 2ÜB8AQ / 0082 ton 18 is filled. 12. Concrete pile cast in place according to claim 10, characterized in, that the envelope 16 has a larger diameter than the diameter of the column and that the envelope 16 thin, corrugated walls. 2098-0 / 0082