DE3316485C2 - Katalysator zum Hydrieren eines Niedrigalkylesters einer Niedrighydroxykarbonsäure, Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung und dessen Verwendung - Google Patents
Katalysator zum Hydrieren eines Niedrigalkylesters einer Niedrighydroxykarbonsäure, Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung und dessen VerwendungInfo
- Publication number
- DE3316485C2 DE3316485C2 DE3316485A DE3316485A DE3316485C2 DE 3316485 C2 DE3316485 C2 DE 3316485C2 DE 3316485 A DE3316485 A DE 3316485A DE 3316485 A DE3316485 A DE 3316485A DE 3316485 C2 DE3316485 C2 DE 3316485C2
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- copper
- catalyst
- silica gel
- hydrogen
- amine complex
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 125000005907 alkyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid Chemical compound OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 6
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title description 6
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- -1 alkylene glycols Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000008119 colloidal silica Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 28
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylene glycol Natural products OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012808 vapor phase Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 39
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 31
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 20
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 26
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- ZANNOFHADGWOLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-hydroxyacetate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CO ZANNOFHADGWOLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 15
- LZCLXQDLBQLTDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-hydroxypropanoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(C)O LZCLXQDLBQLTDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) nitrate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 12
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 9
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229940116333 ethyl lactate Drugs 0.000 description 7
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- ZFYIQPIHXRFFCZ-QMMMGPOBSA-N (2s)-2-(cyclohexylamino)butanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C[C@@H](C(O)=O)NC1CCCCC1 ZFYIQPIHXRFFCZ-QMMMGPOBSA-N 0.000 description 6
- JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cu2+ Chemical compound [Cu+2] JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910001431 copper ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- AFENDNXGAFYKQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxybutyric acid Chemical compound CCC(O)C(O)=O AFENDNXGAFYKQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lactate Chemical compound CC(O)C([O-])=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000017 hydrogel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000005749 Copper compound Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001880 copper compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ZNQVEEAIQZEUHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethoxyethanol Chemical compound CCOCCO ZNQVEEAIQZEUHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LPEKGGXMPWTOCB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 8beta-(2,3-epoxy-2-methylbutyryloxy)-14-acetoxytithifolin Natural products COC(=O)C(C)O LPEKGGXMPWTOCB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium chloride Substances [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MRABAEUHTLLEML-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyl lactate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C(C)O MRABAEUHTLLEML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AEMRFAOFKBGASW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycolic acid Natural products OCC(O)=O AEMRFAOFKBGASW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CDQSJQSWAWPGKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,1-diol Chemical compound CCCC(O)O CDQSJQSWAWPGKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001191 butyl (2R)-2-hydroxypropanoate Substances 0.000 description 1
- VFGRALUHHHDIQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl 2-hydroxyacetate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)CO VFGRALUHHHDIQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009903 catalytic hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001879 copper Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940116318 copper carbonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910000365 copper sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Cu]Cl ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- OPQARKPSCNTWTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(ii) acetate Chemical compound [Cu+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O OPQARKPSCNTWTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- ZURAKLKIKYCUJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;azane Chemical compound N.[Cu+2] ZURAKLKIKYCUJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GEZOTWYUIKXWOA-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper;carbonate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-]C([O-])=O GEZOTWYUIKXWOA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- QYCVHILLJSYYBD-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper;oxalate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O QYCVHILLJSYYBD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- ODQWQRRAPPTVAG-GZTJUZNOSA-N doxepin Chemical compound C1OC2=CC=CC=C2C(=C/CCN(C)C)/C2=CC=CC=C21 ODQWQRRAPPTVAG-GZTJUZNOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003903 lactic acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 229940057867 methyl lactate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- NORCOOJYTVHQCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl 2-hydroxyacetate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)CO NORCOOJYTVHQCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ILVGAIQLOCKNQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl 2-hydroxypropanoate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)C(C)O ILVGAIQLOCKNQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003377 silicon compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- FDNAPBUWERUEDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon tetrachloride Chemical group Cl[Si](Cl)(Cl)Cl FDNAPBUWERUEDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/03—Precipitation; Co-precipitation
- B01J37/031—Precipitation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/72—Copper
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C29/00—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C29/132—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen containing functional group
- C07C29/136—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen containing functional group of >C=O containing groups, e.g. —COOH
- C07C29/147—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen containing functional group of >C=O containing groups, e.g. —COOH of carboxylic acids or derivatives thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C31/00—Saturated compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms
- C07C31/18—Polyhydroxylic acyclic alcohols
- C07C31/20—Dihydroxylic alcohols
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/52—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals using catalysts, e.g. selective catalysts
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP57074611A JPS58193735A (ja) | 1982-05-06 | 1982-05-06 | 低級ヒドロキシカルボン酸エステルの水素添加用触媒の製法 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE3316485A1 DE3316485A1 (de) | 1983-11-10 |
| DE3316485C2 true DE3316485C2 (de) | 1987-03-05 |
Family
ID=13552136
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE3316485A Expired DE3316485C2 (de) | 1982-05-06 | 1983-05-05 | Katalysator zum Hydrieren eines Niedrigalkylesters einer Niedrighydroxykarbonsäure, Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung und dessen Verwendung |
Country Status (6)
Families Citing this family (18)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS6045938B2 (ja) * | 1981-04-30 | 1985-10-12 | 宇部興産株式会社 | シュウ酸ジエステルの水素添加触媒の製造法 |
| CA1238627A (en) * | 1984-01-27 | 1988-06-28 | Koichi Hirai | Process for producing ethylene glycol, catalyst composition therefor and process for producing the catalyst composition |
| US6455742B1 (en) | 1999-09-02 | 2002-09-24 | Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation | Method for catalytically reducing carboxylic acid groups to hydroxyl groups in hydroxycarboxylic acids |
| TWI266760B (en) * | 2000-03-20 | 2006-11-21 | Kvaerner Process Tech Ltd | Process for the preparation of propane-1,3-diol |
| US6617478B2 (en) | 2000-11-29 | 2003-09-09 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Process for preparing a 1,3-alkandiol from 3-hydroxyester |
| EP1211234A3 (en) | 2000-11-29 | 2003-11-26 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Process for preparing 1,3-alkandiols from 3-hydroxyesters |
| KR100453296B1 (ko) * | 2000-11-29 | 2004-10-15 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 3-하이드록시에스터 화합물로부터 1,3-알칸디올을제조하는 방법 |
| KR100431898B1 (ko) * | 2001-08-04 | 2004-05-17 | 애경유화 주식회사 | 카르보닐기 함유 화합물의 수소화 또는 사이클로알콜의탈수소화 반응에 유용한 구리-실리카 촉매 및 이의 제조방법 |
| US6479713B1 (en) * | 2001-10-23 | 2002-11-12 | Battelle Memorial Institute | Hydrogenolysis of 5-carbon sugars, sugar alcohols, and other methods and compositions for reactions involving hydrogen |
| KR100455665B1 (ko) * | 2002-03-23 | 2004-11-06 | 한국화학연구원 | 구리 성분 함유 산폐액을 사용한, 수소화 및 탈수소화반응용 구리/실리카 촉매의 제조 방법 |
| US6580000B1 (en) | 2002-06-06 | 2003-06-17 | Ak Research Company | Process for the manufacture of alkoxysilanes and alkoxy orthosilicates |
| BRPI0913770B1 (pt) * | 2008-12-18 | 2017-09-12 | China Petroleum & Chemical Corporation | Process for the production of ethylene glycol from an oxalate |
| JP6399816B2 (ja) * | 2014-06-10 | 2018-10-03 | 国立研究開発法人国立環境研究所 | 高分散遷移金属触媒及びシリカ担体表面への遷移金属原子の高分散担持方法 |
| US10266466B2 (en) | 2017-08-02 | 2019-04-23 | Eastman Chemical Company | Iron-catalyzed transfer hydrogenation of esters to alcohols |
| US10266467B2 (en) | 2017-08-02 | 2019-04-23 | Eastman Chemical Company | Synthesis of glycols via transfer hydrogenation of alpha-functional esters with alcohols |
| US10570081B2 (en) | 2017-08-02 | 2020-02-25 | Eastman Chemical Company | Process for making formic acid utilizing lower-boiling formate esters |
| US10435349B2 (en) | 2017-08-02 | 2019-10-08 | Eastman Chemical Company | Iron-catalyzed cross-coupling of methanol with secondary or tertiary alcohols to produce formate esters |
| US10544077B2 (en) | 2017-08-02 | 2020-01-28 | Eastman Chemical Company | Process for making formic acid utilizing higher-boiling formate esters |
Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1845280A (en) * | 1928-01-23 | 1932-02-16 | Selden Co | Catalytic reduction of organic nitrogen compounds |
| US2305104A (en) * | 1939-10-25 | 1942-12-15 | Du Pont | Hydrogenation of alkyl glycolates |
| GB575380A (en) * | 1940-08-16 | 1946-02-15 | Du Pont | Improvements in and relating to the production of ethylene glycol |
| GB823026A (en) * | 1958-06-23 | 1959-11-04 | Fairweather Harold G C | New catalyst for reducing nitrobenzene and the process of reducing nitrobenzene therewith |
| BE572433A (US06174465-20010116-C00003.png) * | 1958-11-11 | 1900-01-01 | ||
| NL132671C (US06174465-20010116-C00003.png) * | 1960-02-09 | |||
| US4199479A (en) * | 1978-02-24 | 1980-04-22 | Chevron Research Company | Hydrogenation catalyst |
| US4283581A (en) * | 1978-02-24 | 1981-08-11 | Chevron Research Company | Hydrogenation process |
| JPS6045938B2 (ja) * | 1981-04-30 | 1985-10-12 | 宇部興産株式会社 | シュウ酸ジエステルの水素添加触媒の製造法 |
-
1982
- 1982-05-06 JP JP57074611A patent/JPS58193735A/ja active Granted
-
1983
- 1983-04-29 GB GB08311794A patent/GB2121310B/en not_active Expired
- 1983-05-05 US US06/491,742 patent/US4511744A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1983-05-05 DE DE3316485A patent/DE3316485C2/de not_active Expired
- 1983-05-05 FR FR8307494A patent/FR2526419B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1983-05-05 CA CA000427557A patent/CA1206135A/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA1206135A (en) | 1986-06-17 |
| FR2526419B1 (fr) | 1986-06-20 |
| GB2121310A (en) | 1983-12-21 |
| US4511744A (en) | 1985-04-16 |
| FR2526419A1 (fr) | 1983-11-10 |
| DE3316485A1 (de) | 1983-11-10 |
| GB2121310B (en) | 1985-11-27 |
| JPS6256785B2 (US06174465-20010116-C00003.png) | 1987-11-27 |
| JPS58193735A (ja) | 1983-11-11 |
| GB8311794D0 (en) | 1983-06-02 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| OP8 | Request for examination as to paragraph 44 patent law | ||
| D2 | Grant after examination | ||
| 8364 | No opposition during term of opposition | ||
| 8339 | Ceased/non-payment of the annual fee |