DE29714251U1 - Insulating element in composite design - Google Patents

Description

Erich and Nern, Patent Attorneys GBM 161B1

Insulation element in composite design

The invention relates to an insulating element in composite design with a laminated layer made of mineral wool, the fiber direction of which is oriented vertically against the direction of the major axes of the element and is manufactured in a continuous production run without any restriction in the length dimension.

It is known to manufacture multi-layer insulation elements. DE 1 945 923 A1 discloses a flat structure, e.g. for use in building protection for roof covering or for insulation purposes. The flat structure consists of a random fleece, preferably of endless threads, which either enclose a protective and insulating mat between them or only by a surface layer of the same mass, which preferably has fleece threads fused together at their crossing points. This mat, or this flat structure, has the disadvantage that it has nonwovens with different properties in a layered structure, but the disadvantage here is that the fleece structure lacks strength in terms of dimensional stability. The density and tear resistance of the fleece is insufficient and can only be used for insulation mats in a limited area. DE 42 22 207 C2 discloses a method for producing mineral fiber products and a device for carrying out the method. The solution according to the invention is aimed at obtaining mineral fiber products with compacted surface areas from mineral fiber webs, where the fibers within the mineral fiber web run essentially parallel, perpendicular or diagonally to the large surfaces of the mineral fiber webs, where the mineral fiber webs contain an uncured binding agent. A high tear resistance and an intensive fiber bond are to be achieved between the compacted surface areas or layers and the remaining part of the mineral fiber web. The solution according to the invention in accordance with this method is aimed at felting the fibers in the surface areas in at least one surface area by means of needle punctures up to a predetermined penetration depth and at the same time compacting them. This method allows continuous production of the mineral fiber products and also has a different structure in the products with compacted edge areas of the mineral wool product. The disadvantage, however, is that the mineral wool bodies or elements made from it have low tear resistance and dimensional stability. This process only attempts to separate fiber products from the basic substance that are not very compacted and whose fibers are not aligned homogeneously enough.

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products for higher-quality use. DD 297 197 B5 discloses a process for the loss-free introduction of binding agents into mineral fiber fleeces, in which the fibers are calmed in a suction chamber without the addition of binding agents, combined to form a thin fiber fleece and then transported from the suction chamber into a completely separate spraying and collecting chamber, in which the thin fiber fleece dissolves again after leaving the suction belt or an intermediate transfer belt and moves downwards in the form of individual fibers and/or fiber agglomerates by gravity, is sprayed with binding agents via binding agent nozzles during free fall and is then collected on a collecting belt in the required thickness for further processing and is continuously transported further. The method according to this invention is currently the most advantageous method for wetting raw fiber fleeces with binding agents, but has the disadvantage that only one layer of fibers provided with binding agents can be absorbed onto the collecting belt at a time. A method and a device have been found with which it is possible to produce multi-layer products from mineral fibers in which the layers are designed differently. The differences between the layers are reflected in a different density, strength and type of material. The method according to the patent application is fundamentally based on the method according to DD 297 197 B5, basically uses its inventive solution and expands it in such a way that, using the substantiated method of the basic patent, not just one layer, but several and also different layers combined in a mineral fiber product can now be produced continuously. The disadvantage of these solutions is that the mineral fiber products, with respect to the large center axes of the mineral fiber product, only have a horizontally directed fiber path. DD 248 934 A3 now discloses a method and a device for producing products with predominantly vertically oriented fiber alignment of the mineral wool products when carrying out the lamination of mineral fiber fleeces. The solution of this patent ensures the production of products whose fiber direction is vertical in relation to the major axes of the product. However, it only allows the production of products whose fiber direction is uniformly and vertically oriented without interruption in relation to the major axes of the product. A further disadvantage of the known solution is that the element made from the laminated fiber fleece can only be laminated along its

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slats directed transversely to the longitudinal center axis, has a high bending stiffness, but has a reduced resistance to bending in the direction of its longitudinal center axis.

The invention is based on the object of creating an insulating element in a composite design with a laminated layer made of mineral wool, the fiber direction of which is oriented vertically against the major axes of the element and is manufactured in a continuous production run without any restriction on the length dimension, which, in addition to being versatile, should have comprehensive static requirements, such as strength properties, great dimensional stability, good soundproofing properties and increased resistance to thermal and weather-related loads.

According to the invention, the object is achieved in that a laminated layer, oriented perpendicular to the fiber direction, is made one or more times, is connected to layers of the same material, a different fiber direction or a differently structured material and the layer structure of the element is arranged so as to be repeated one or more times in the element.

According to the invention, the layer structure is formed by connecting the large surfaces of its layers to one another. It is a sensible design of the solution according to the invention that the layers with a laminated, vertically oriented fiber path, optionally also produced as independent layers, are twisted by 90° to their large axes, joined together and connected. The invention is understood to be advantageous if at least two layers with a laminated fiber path are joined together and connected to one another. In the case of laminated layers with a vertical fiber path, the lamellae, which are positioned vertically using a laminating process, form web-like fiber rows. The rows cross each other when the layer structure of the element is twisted by 90° and thereby create a grid-like structure of the insulation element. This achieves high dimensional stability and low resilience while maintaining a high insulation value. According to the solution according to the invention, it is advantageous if the insulation element with a laminated, vertically positioned fiber path is assigned a layer on one side, which is formed by one of the large surfaces, which is composed of a different material. The material of the assigned layer can be made of a fiber material.

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which runs horizontally in the direction of the fibers, i.e. parallel to the large surface, and can be made of mineral wool, glass wool, glass fleece and other materials that have properties such as good fire protection behavior, high elasticity or, conversely, low linear expansion and creeping capacity at a lower density. Within the scope of the invention, it is possible to vary the thickness of this layer, i.e. to apply it as a layer of the same thickness or as a very thin fiber fleece. By designing the shape of the product according to the invention, it is permitted to use granular products in the layer structure of the layer applied to the base layer, or to combine the material structure of the two previous solutions and to combine the layer structure by inserting granules in and between fibrous materials. It is now possible to produce a non-flammable product with outstanding fire protection properties in the highest fire protection classes. This product also has the additional property of being used as a separate, statically functioning construction element due to the extremely dimensionally stable, laminated base layer with vertically oriented fibers. The material configuration of additional layers already shown is also advantageous according to the invention when the layers are applied to both large surfaces of the laminated layer. This makes it possible to apply acoustically insulating layers to one side of the laminated element, while a plaster base with, for example, a layer of ceramic products is arranged on the other side. The basic configuration is suitable when the element is used as an independent structural element in a building or is to be used for multifunctional loads. It is therefore advantageous according to the invention that the assigned layers have a multi-layer structure and are equipped with the same or different structure or material composition. It is an advantageous design of the solution according to the invention if the layer with a laminated vertically oriented fiber course is formed in the element by one or more layers that are arranged by cover or lower layers and connected to intermediate, differently formed materials. The cover and lower layers are arranged in such a way that they can accommodate one or more intermediate elements that are formed as layers and firmly connected to the outer layers. The design of the insulation elements according to the invention in composite design advantageously has an extremely compact, dimensionally stable design. It is also possible to produce layered insulation elements of great thickness that can be used as wall elements in

Erich and Nern, patent attorneys

GBM161B1

Can be used in drywall construction, have high insulating properties, have excellent processability because they can be easily assembled and inserted horizontally and vertically. Easy to insert because their material structure allows a small amount of longitudinal and transverse expansion, is dimensionally stable and subsequent longitudinal expansion, for example influenced by thermal or meteorological changes in the environment, is excluded. The invention is advantageously designed if the element has intermediate layers that are arranged as ventilation ducts and allow horizontal and vertical ventilation of the walls of the building. Here again the advantage of the solution according to the invention comes into play. Between the bottom and top layer of a laminated vertically oriented fiber course, the ventilation ducts are now arranged directly or can be embedded in materials. The bedding material can be a fiber material or also have a granulated structure. The invention is very advantageously developed in that the element has a laminated layer with a vertically aligned fiber path, based on the extent of its large surfaces, is formed from vertically running, segment-shaped, uniformly repeating, web-like layer groups in the layer plane, the material structure and composition of which are not designed in the same way. These products represent an extremely advantageous development of an insulation element with the consistent application and further development of the products that can be manufactured using the solutions cited in the prior art. The product, initially present in one layer, combines groups of a different material structure that are positioned vertically in the fiber path with a web-like, vertical layer structure, whereby predominantly web-like layers of a vertical fiber path are connected to web-like layers of differently structured materials and form a flat insulating body. The layers here run, advantageously designed, transversely to the longitudinal center axis, so that a web-like, vertical layer structure that repeats in groups is characterized. An insulation element of this structural design has previously unknown advantages. The insertion of web-like layers with a non-combustible material of high fire protection classes, such as glass fibers, glass fiber fleece and other materials, between layers of highly compressed or slightly compressed materials gives the expert an indication that, in addition to high dimensional stability and above-average processability, an element has been invented that has a variable range of applications and excellent physical properties. Further supporting this advantageous solution, the invention is designed when the web groups of the vertically running

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the webs are formed from groups of a non-uniform structure of the material and its composition that repeat 2 to 6 times in sequence. It is advantageous according to the invention and in the spirit of the tenor of the inventive solution that the repeating groups within the webs have different strengths and consistencies, with webs with high strength being formed alongside webs with low strength, and the element can be assigned high compressive strengths, high dimensional stability and reduced recovery behavior due to the webs with high strength. Following the logical consequence, web structures with low strength are assigned a high resilience of their material in the direction of the large central axis of the element, combined with a low weight, which in turn has the advantage that in addition to the reduced resilience of the layers with high density and strength, the element can be assigned an adaptability to building conditions in detail within the framework of deliberately assigned layers of reduced strength and dimensional stability, which goes beyond the previously known extent of introduced insulation elements. This makes it possible to apply textile surface coatings to the surfaces of such structures that have been manufactured with elements of this design, which do not tear due to thermal or meteorological influences, because the element can now adapt to the expansion behavior of the coating element. It is a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention if the web-like layers, which are designed with vertically oriented fibers and with different web-like layer groups, are rotated by 90° to their large central axes, arranged with their large surfaces on top of one another and connected. In this embodiment of the inventive solution, the advantages of the inventive design variants already presented are subsumed. Since the layer groups with their different layer structure, the webs formed therein with unequal strength and density are now advantageously placed on top of one another in a cross-lattice manner, the advantageous effects arise that in the area of webs lying on top of one another with high strength, continuous lines of force transverse to the large central axes and continuous lines of force along them with high alternating strengths as well as high bending and torsional strengths of the flat elements are formed. It follows from the logical consequence of the solution according to the invention that in the layers with uneven layer structure, the webs formed with uneven strength and density in the area of superimposed webs with lower density, continuous lines of force with lower strength and lower density of a high resilience

: : . : &igr; * &igr;&igr;&igr;&igr; J

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and high insulating effect. The deliberate integration of materials with high fire protection classes allows the elements to be used universally not only in construction, but also in shipbuilding, vehicle construction and much more. The inventive solution fulfils the task of a non-combustible element by using non-combustible binding agents and adhesives.

The invention will be explained in more detail using an embodiment. The accompanying drawing shows:

Fig. 1: An insulation element in a two-layer design in a pre

the opinion,

Fig. 2: The insulation element according to Fig. 1 in a plan view, partially in half

cut to show the underlying layer,

Fig. 3 to 6: The insulation element with a layer of different layer formation

ations, in a front view

Fig. 7 and 8: The insulation element with layers arranged on both sides, in a front view,

Fig. 9 to 11: Formation of the insulation element with intermediate layers of different structure, in a front view,

Fig. 9a: The design of the insulation element according to Fig. 9 to 11, in which

the top layer is shifted by half a slat width,

Fig. 12: The insulation element with layer groups of different material structures

tur, in a front view,

Fig. 13: The insulation element according to Fig. 12 in a plan view, in section,

Fig. 14: The insulation element according to Fig. 12 in a two-layer design,

in a front view,

Fig. 15: The insulation element according to Fig. 14, in a plan view with a partially

sen half-section to show the underlying layer,

Fig. 16: The insulation element according to Fig. 15, partly in section,

Fig. 17: A possibility for producing the element according to Fig. 12,

Fig. 18: A detail X from Fig. 17, in an enlarged schematic

Depiction

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Figures 1 and 2 show an element whose layers 1;Γ are made of laminated, flat mineral fiber fleece with a vertically oriented fiber formation. Due to the laminated design, the structure of the flat products has web-like layers 3 of the same material structure following their vertical fiber formation. Single-layer products of this type are already known from the prior art. The two-layer product shown in Fig. 1 and 2 is characterized by the fact that its web-like laminated structure is a lattice-like structure created by connecting its layers 1;Γ to one another, twisted by 90° around their major longitudinal axes. This lattice-like design ensures high dimensional stability, strength and low recovery behavior of the insulation elements, in particular the compressive strength against transverse loading is significantly increased. This improvement in properties can also be seen in the fact that the bending stiffness and torsional resistance of the element have been significantly increased. The joining of the layers 1; 1', which has already taken place in the continuous production process of the laminated material fleece, allows the production of molded bodies with intersecting webs 3, a vertical fiber formation of different sizes, shapes and web courses within the element dimensions and contours. It is therefore quite conceivable, in deviation from the web course in Fig. 1 and 2, to arrange the intersecting webs 3 parallel to the diagonals of the large surfaces, which is particularly suitable for square-shaped elements. The intersecting course of the webs 3 is shown in Fig. 2, in which the upper layer Γ is cut off horizontally. The intersecting course of the webs 3 can be recognized in the drawing. The expert will recognize that the advantage of the solution is retained even if not just 2, but n layers are joined together in the manner according to the invention. By joining layers of the same structure together, it is advantageous to note that the element has a completely homogeneous structure and predictable physical behavior as a construction element on or in the building structure.

Figures 3 to 5 show the design of the element, in which the base element is provided with a laminated layer 1 with a vertical fiber orientation, onto which layers 4;5;6;7 of a different material or a different structure of the same material are applied on one side. Fig. 3 shows the arrangement of a layer 4 of greater thickness on the base element 1. The layer 4 has a fibrous

Erich and Nern, patent attorneys

GBM 161&Bgr;1

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Structure in which the fibers can be made of glass fibers, mineral fibers, etc. If the layer is to have a high fire protection class, it is recommended to use a glass fiber or a material with high fire stability.

Fig. 4 shows the formation of layer 5 in an identical or similar material composition, but with less thickness but a higher density. It can also be understood and is carried out correctly if layer 5 is a textile fabric or a layer made of plastic. It is also possible to form the thin layer from a metallic material, such as a foil or a metal mesh.

Fig. 5 shows the formation of a layer 6 of a granular material, whereby the granulate can be formed from a variety of non-combustible materials, in order to meet the different material requirements of its diverse use. The use of granulate also increases the dimensional stability, whereby granulate can also be understood as a plaster carrier made of silicate material.

Figs. 7 and 8 show that it is possible to cover the layer 1 on both sides of its large surfaces 2 with laminates of other materials, which can be formed in the same way as the materials shown in Figs. 3 to 6 are composed.
In contrast to layer 10, Fig. 8 shows a layer 10' that differs from its material structure. This layer 10' is assigned another layer 10", which can be made on a ceramic basis and composed of tiles or clinker. Fig. 8, representative of the previous and following explanations, shows that the excellent transverse stability and the extremely low recovery behavior of layer 1 is suitable for the application of silicate layers, in particular mortar and adhesive, which serve as connectors for layers that are not seamless. This now allows the surfaces of the insulation elements and the building structures made from them to be provided with surface-stable and tear-resistant layers that are gappy. It goes without saying and the expert reading this does not need to be informed that the laminated layers 1 used in accordance with Figures 3 to 8 are equipped with a vertically oriented fiber path, corresponding to the figuration as in Fig. 1, with the layers 1;Γ offset by 90°.

Erich and Nern, patent attorneys

GBM161B1

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Fig. 9 to 11 show a sandwich-like layer structure in which the layers 11; 12; 14; 15 designed as cover layers according to layer 1 with vertically oriented fibers enclose layers 13; 16; 18 of a different material structure between them. As an example, Fig. 9 shows an intermediate layer 13 with a fibrous structure, the fibers of which run horizontally to the major axis of the element and between whose fibers granules are embedded. Fig. 10 shows the layers 14; 15 in a smaller thickness. Between the layers 14; 15 a wave-like layer 16 is inserted, which can be made of a dimensionally stable material such as sheet metal, plastic film, glass fiber laminate. The wave-shaped design of the layer 16 allows the formation of ventilation spaces 17. This is the case when, for example, in dry construction, low weight elements are required for partition walls and the building elements used for this must have high dimensional stability and low resilience. This basic idea is followed by the design of the element according to Fig. 11. Here, the intermediate layer 18 is made of a granular material that can, for example, have high heat resistance with resistance coefficients against ignition, e.g. a greatly delayed flammability. Ventilation spaces 17 are arranged in this material and are located in the area of the neutral fibers. It is of course possible to arrange ventilation spaces that deviate from the neutral fiber in position, although this is not particularly suitable for structural use in the production of continuous ventilation spaces, but if the ventilation spaces are closed in the area of the joints, it can lead to favorable thermal insulation in the insulation elements in a known manner. When looking at the elements according to Figures 9 to 11, the expert is given the technical information that the base and cover layers 11; 12 of the insulation elements can also be arranged offset from one another. In this case, according to Figure 9a, the slats of the cover layer are shifted by half a slat compared to the base layer and thus form a composite structure, since the connecting joints of the slats are no longer perpendicular to one another. Figure 12 shows a laminated element a designed with a predominantly vertical fiber path. The element a has groups 21 of vertical web-shaped layers 19;20, which have a different material composition, whereby the groups 21 can be repeated cyclically or acyclically. The element a can be formed in different thicknesses and is produced using the laminating process according to DD Patent 248 934 A3, which will be explained in more detail in its creative application according to Fig. 18, in accordance with the solution of a patent application.

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The groups 21 are designed differently in their web-shaped layers 19;20. The webs 19;20 are put together in different ways in terms of their material compositions, with the webs 19 being formed primarily from a fiber material with vertically oriented, laminated fibers. The web or webs 20 can have a material composition that differs from one another. It is thus possible to arrange the material of the webs 20 parallel to the longitudinal course of the webs 19, horizontally to the surface 2a, or to use materials that are in granular form, made of glass fibers or glass fiber fleece. In any case, it has now been possible to incorporate webs into the individual webs 19 of the web groups 21 that have a different material design and have an extremely positive influence on the physical behavior of the panels during use, so that the highest possible thermal insulation capacity can be achieved together with excellent soundproofing properties and excellent fire protection behavior. Fig. 14 shows an insulating element of the type according to the invention, in which two elements a are brought together as layers 22; 22' at the connection point 2. The layers a are joined together in such a way that the webs 19; 20 lie on top of one another, rotated by 90°. This creates an insulating element consisting of several, but at least two layers, in the form of a cross lattice. Fig. 15 shows the arrangement of the webs 19; 20 in the layers 22; 22'. The half-section shows that the lower layer 22' has web groups 21 directed in the plane of the panel and the plate above it has web groups 21 rotated by 90°, so that here, as also shown in Fig. 16, a cross lattice-like structure of alternating overlapping web groups of webs 19 with vertically oriented fibers and webs 20 of a different type of material is produced. The reading specialist now receives the information that an insulating element has been created here to absorb large static loads and to have excellent physical properties, such as insulation and fire protection. The bending and tensile strength of this element alone is excellently secured, whereby, viewed in relation to the large surfaces, in the transverse direction of the forces, zones of high pressure absorption are paired with elastic zones, thus ensuring an excellent static load-bearing capacity of the element in terms of torsional stability and resilience. The integration of webs 19; 20 of different material compositions in intersecting web groups 21 can also be achieved with elements whose intersecting web course is rotated by 45° in the layer structure. This then results in insulating elements with webs 19, 20 and web groups 21 that run almost diagonally to their large axes. This type of design is particularly suitable for

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GBM161B1

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re for square panels that are arranged on horizontal structures. The expert reading this will of course realize without inventiveness that, with knowledge of the two-layered designs of the insulation panel with layered webs 19;20 and web groups 21 crossing at 90° or 45°, designs of 2 to 6 layers 22;22' are also possible. Here, it is subject to the technological requirements of practice to require insulation elements with such a layer structure, which can then also be manufactured. Of course, it is also possible to combine insulation elements according to Figures 12 to 16 with insulation element designs according to Figures 3 to 11 and to put them to good use. It is a feature of the insulation elements according to Figures 1 to 16 that they can be used as independent wall elements in buildings without supporting aids such as support frames, retaining walls, etc. For better positional fixation in a building complex, e.g. when erecting dry walls, the front and side surfaces can be provided with tongue or groove-like fixing elements which fix the elements in their position independently or also take up mortar or adhesive in order to connect the elements to one another at their front and side surfaces in the wall alignment. The fixing elements are not shown separately in the drawing, as they can be very diverse and are also known to the expert in training. Fig. 17 shows the production of the web-like layer groups 21 of the insulation element a. From a continuously operating device according to a new solution that has already been found, a raw fiber fleece made up of three layers 31;32;33 is fed to a roller conveyor consisting of rollers 23;28;29 and compacted according to the known method. A strand of the raw fiber fleece directed upwards at 45° with its layers 21;32;33, now correspondingly compacted, is fed to a suitable cutting device 25;26, here consisting of a pendulum 26 with a cutting edge 25, which cuts off the advancing fiber fleece and assigns the cut laminated parts of the fiber fleece 24 to a support table 30, which is directed at an angle of 90° to the ascending part of the roller table. It is obvious to the expert that cutting with the pendulum is not the only way to cut through the fiber fleece. Options for cutting using a cutting wire and even a laser beam can be used to a large extent. According to this method, as can be seen from the detail &khgr; as can be seen in Fig. 18 , laminated groups 21 of element components provided with different webs 19;20 for joining a layered insulation element with different material compositions in its web groups for further production

Erich and Nern, patent attorneys

GBM161&Bgr;1

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As Fig. 18 shows, the known method for producing mineral fiber fleeces with predominantly vertically oriented fiber alignment has now been creatively applied in the laminating of mineral fiber fleeces, and laminated, vertically oriented webs 20 made of mineral fibers with webs 19 made of materials of the same type but different structure, brought together as groups 21. The insulation elements assembled from these web groups with a selected thickness and number of layers according to the invention have excellent static properties and are recommended for use in various areas, for example in construction, shipbuilding, vehicle construction and steel container construction.

List of reference symbols used

1;1·;4;5;6;7;8;9; layer 10;10&Iacgr;0";22;22· The 2;20 Connection surface 3;3' web 11;12;13;14;15;16;18 Intermediate layer 17;17' Ventilation rooms 19;20;20' web 21 Bridge group 23;27;28;29 role 30 Edition 31;32;33 Fleece layers 24 Slat 25 Knife 26 Pendulum a element

Claims (18)

Erich and Nern, Patent Attorneys GBM 161 /A1 Protection Claims 1. Insulating element in composite design, with a laminated layer made of mineral wool, the fiber direction of which is oriented vertically against the direction of the major axes of the element and is manufactured in a continuous production run, without any restriction in the length dimension, characterized in that the laminated layer (1;Γ;11;12;14,15:22;22') formed vertically in the fiber direction, is made one or more times, combined with layers (4;5;6;7;8;9;10;10';10";13;16;18) of the same material with a different fiber direction and/or a differently structured material and the layer structure of the element is arranged so as to be repeated one or more times in the element. 2. Element according to claim 1, characterized in that the layer structure of the element is formed by connecting the large surfaces (2) of its layers to one another. 3. Element according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that the layers (1; 1';11;12;14;15;22;22') with a laminated, vertically oriented fiber course are produced as independently formed layers, rotated by 90° to their major axis, joined to one another and connected. 4. Element according to claim 3, characterized in that at least two layers (1;&Ggr;) with a laminated fiber path are joined to one another and connected to one another. 5. Element according to claims 1, 2 and 3, characterized in that the Layer (1) with a laminated fiber pattern on one side is assigned a layer (4;5;6;7) of a differently formed material. 6. Element according to claims 1, 2 and 3, characterized in that the layer (1) with a laminated fiber pattern is assigned a layer (8; 9; 10; 10') of a different material on each of its two sides. Erich and Nern, Patent Attorneys GBM 161/A1 - 2 - 7. Element according to claims 1, 5 and 6, characterized in that the associated layer (10') has a multi-layer structure which can be composed of layers (10 ¹ ; 10'') with an identical or unequal structure or material composition. 8. Element according to claims 1, 3 and 4, characterized in that the Layer with a laminated fiber pattern, formed by one or more layers (11; 12; 14; 16), arranged as cover or base layers (11; 12; 14; 15), connected to intermediate, differently formed materials (13; 18). 9. Element according to claim 8, characterized in that the layer with a laminated fiber course arranged as a cover and base layer (11; 12; 14; 15) receives one or more intermediate elements (16; 18) which are formed as layers and are firmly connected to the outer layers (11; 12; 14; 15). 10. Element according to claims 1; 2 and 8 or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the intermediate layer (16; 18) is provided with elements which form ventilation channels (17; 17') between them in order to allow horizontal and vertical ventilation of a building. 11. Element according to claim 1, characterized in that the element is formed from a laminated layer (a) with vertically oriented fiber direction, which, with respect to the extent of its large surfaces (2a), is assembled from web-like layer groups (21) running perpendicularly thereto, segment-shaped, repeating uniformly next to one another in the layer plane (2a), the material structure and composition of which are not uniform. 12. Element according to claim 11, characterized in that the web groups (21) of the webs (19; 20) formed with vertically oriented fiber course are formed from groups which repeat 2 to n times in the sequence and have a non-uniform structure of the material and its composition. Erich and Nern, Patent Attorneys GBM 161/A1 - 3 - 13. Element according to claims 1, 11 and 12, characterized in that, in repeating groups (21) with webs (19; 20) of different strength and consistency, web-like layers (19) with high strength are formed next to webs (20) of low strength, which give the element high compressive strengths in the region of the web (19). 14. Element according to claims 1 and 11 to 13, characterized in that the Web formations (20) with low strength have a high resilience of their material in the direction of the major central axes of the element, combined with a low weight. 15. Element according to claims 1 to 3 and 11 to 14, characterized in that the layers (22; 22'), which are formed with vertically oriented fiber course and different layer groups (21), are rotated by 90°, arranged with their large connecting surfaces (2) one above the other and connected. 16. Element according to claims 11 to 15, characterized in that in the Layer groups (21) with their different layer structure, the webs (19) formed therein with unequal strength and density are joined one above the other in a cross-lattice manner and in the area of webs (19) lying one above the other with high strength, have continuous lines of force with high alternating strength and bending stiffness. 17. Element according to claims 11 to 15, characterized in that in the layer groups (21) with their different layer structure, the webs (20) formed thereby with unequal strength and density are joined one above the other in a cross-lattice manner and in areas of webs (20) located one above the other, continuous lines of force with lower strength and lower density have a high insulating effect. • · ··· · i „· &Idigr; J « Erich and Nern, Patent Attorneys GBM 161/A1 -A- 18. Element according to one or more of the preceding claims 1 to 17, characterized in that the deposited layers (1; 1';11;12;14;15;a;22;22') of a laminated layer structure with predominantly vertically oriented fiber direction can be joined to one another with layers in a different material structure and composition which are not contained in the layer combinations already claimed.