EP0894909B1 - Laminated insulating element - Google Patents

Abstract

A method for producing thermally insulating panels has a continuous feed sandwich structure with a central mineral fibre layer packed between two outer layers and compressed between rollers. The feed is chopped into strips by a reciprocating cutter and the strips are moved sideways to pack into a layer with the original outer layers upright to the faces of the new panels. This produces a stronger, self supporting panel. The reciprocating cutter can be replaced by a laser cutter, or by any suitable cutter.

Description

The invention relates to an insulation element with at least two interconnected Layers of mineral wool fiber with an opposite to the direction of the major axes of the element vertically oriented fiber path.

It is known to produce multilayer insulation elements. WO 94/16163 discloses an element of at least two layers of mineral wool fibers, one of the Layers perpendicular to the direction of the major axes of the element oriented fiber course can have. DE 1 945 923 A1 discloses a flat structure, e.g. B. for use in building protection for roof covering or for insulation purposes. The flat structure consists of a tangled fleece, preferably from continuous filaments, which either have a protective and insulating mat between enclose themselves or only through a surface layer of the same mass that preferably nonwoven threads fused together at their crossing points having. This mat or this flat structure has the disadvantage that it is probably Nonwovens with different properties in a layered structure having. The disadvantage here is that the fleece formation strength in lacks dimensional stability. The density and tear resistance of the fleece is insufficient and can only be used for insulating mats in a limited area Find. DE 42 22 207 C2 discloses a method for producing Mineral fiber products and an apparatus for performing the method. The Solution according to the invention is aimed at the production of Mineral fiber products with compressed surface areas made of mineral fiber webs, where the fibers are essentially parallel within the mineral fiber web, run perpendicular or at an angle to the large surfaces of the mineral fiber webs, to obtain, wherein the mineral fiber webs contain an uncured binder. Between the densified surface areas or layers and the rest of the part The mineral fiber web is said to have a high tear resistance and an intensive fiber composite can be achieved. The solution according to the invention is directed according to this method up to at least one surface area by means of needle strokes predetermined penetration to matt the fibers in the surface areas and condense them at the same time. This process allows continuous production of the Mineral fiber products and also has a different structure with compacted Edge areas of the mineral wool product. The disadvantage, however, is that the result manufactured mineral wool body or elements a low tear resistance and Have dimensional stability. It is only attempted by means of this method The basic substance is not densely compacted and its fiber flow is insufficiently homogeneous to improve directed fiber products for higher value use.

DD 297 197 B5 discloses a method for the lossless introduction of Binders in mineral fiber fleeces, in which in a suction chamber without feed of binders soothes the fibers, combines them into a thin fleece and then from the suction chamber to a completely separate spray and collection chamber are transported in which the thin nonwoven fabric after leaving the Dissolves the suction belt or an intermediate conveyor belt and in the form of single fibers and / or fiber agglomerates by gravity moved downwards during the free fall over binder nozzles with binders sprayed and then on a collection belt for further processing in the required thickness is accumulated and continuously transported. The The method of this invention provides the most advantageous method at present Wetting raw fiber nonwovens with binders, however, has the disadvantage that only one layer of fibers with binders on the collecting belt can be sucked up. A method and a device were found with which it is possible to produce multi-layer products from mineral fibers which the layers are designed differently. The diversity of Layers arise in a different density, strength and The method is fundamentally based on DD 297 197 B5 in principle their solution according to the invention and expands them in such a way that by means of substantiated procedure of the basic patent now not just one layer, but several and also different layers combined in one mineral fiber product, can be produced continuously. The disadvantage of these solutions is too report that the mineral fiber products refer to the major central axes of the Mineral fiber product, only a rectified, largely horizontal Have grain flow.

DD 248 934 A3 now discloses a method and an apparatus for manufacturing of products with predominantly vertical fiber orientation Mineral wool products when laminating mineral fiber nonwovens. The solution of this patent ensures the manufacture of products whose Grain direction, based on the major axes of the product, is vertical. However, it only permits the production of products whose fiber flow is without Interruption uniform, perpendicular to the major axes of the element oriented, posed. Another disadvantage of the known solution is that that the element made of the laminated non-woven fabric, only along its cross to Longitudinal center axis slats, has a large bending stiffness, however in a reduced resistance to bending in the direction of its longitudinal center axis having.

To improve the physical and aesthetic properties of elements The generic type are a variety of design options Surface and corresponding technologies known for it. Here are the Visible surfaces covered with coating agents that have an aesthetic effect have, but are not fire retardant and in the event of fire Impact the effect of the insulation element on the building. When using Adhesive coatings on components, with parallel to their large body axes lying mineral fibers, it is disadvantageous that the tear resistance of both the body of the component in itself, and so conclusively, that of the coating too is insufficient. It is also disadvantageous that coatings of this type are a have a vapor-blocking effect, and the diffusion behavior of the building is affected. It is already known to use coated components of this type to produce fibers oriented perpendicular to the major body axes, however remains the manufacture of such components is limited to a width of less than 220 mm. Furthermore, the elements have the disadvantage that they consistently between the Slats have adhesive joints that adversely affect fire behavior. Thus, DE 42 10 393.C3 discloses a component with a vapor barrier, which the Difficulty avoiding diffusion process, even if between the insulation layer and a thin layer of air is arranged in the blocking coating. DE OS 42 10 392 further discloses a thermal insulation board made of rigid plastic foam, in which the Impregnating or coating agent a differently determined Water vapor transmission resistance than that of the base material Thermal insulation board. With a development of this kind, of course Disadvantage of the prior art cannot be eliminated. WO 95 33 105 inserts Process for gluing the cut surfaces of mineral wool open, in which especially slat plates made of this material on an adhesive base with a Adhesives are stuck on. The cut surfaces are first of all with a thin adhesive or an aqueous plastic dispersion pre-coated and after setting with dot and / or bulge applied Adhesive applied and glued to the surface. Scripture reveals that this two-layer process can also be carried out mechanically. On The disadvantage of this method is that due to the development of the Manufacturing possibilities of laminated mineral wool panels with vertical Grain flow, only relatively small-format panels with a width of up to a maximum of 200 mm can be produced. The term "large format" is used here in the font for the Length assumed so that the format has a width of Cannot exceed 200 mm. So there is no, on the element of seen on the large surfaces, coatings open to diffusion on both sides make. The script also gives no information about how deep the used aqueous plastic dispersion penetrates into the fins and thus the diffusion effect and affects the insulation properties of the element. According to the promotional material the company "ALSECCO" is known for a mosaic flake coating system Coating takes place in three stages, a dispersion-based coating, one Decorative mosaic coating and the final coating for the mosaic system. This The type of coating allows both individual insulation elements to be coated their attachment to the building walls as well as the finishing coating already insulated walls on their visible surfaces. It is considered disadvantageous that despite the recognizable high aesthetic effect of the coating Diffusion properties of the buildings are impaired. Another significant one The disadvantage is that the coating composition is not fire retardant and the fire behavior of the structural parts coated with it is adversely affected.

The invention has for its object an insulation element with at least two interconnected layers of mineral wool fibers to create the next a versatile usability, comprehensive static requirements, Strength properties, high dimensional stability, good sound absorption and increased Resistance to thermal and weather-related loads has an aesthetic design of its surface.

According to the invention the object is achieved in that layers with a laminated, vertically oriented grain, optionally also as independent manufactured, rotated by 90 ° to their major axes, assembled and connected are.

This involves at least two layers with a laminated fiber flow joined together and connected. For laminated layers with a vertical fiber course form the vertical by a lamination process lamellae of web-like rows of fibers. The rows cross each other a layer structure of the element rotated by 90 ° and thereby generate one latticed structure of the insulation element. This ensures high dimensional stability low resilience, achieved while maintaining a high insulation value.

A laminated layer which is oriented perpendicularly in the course of the fibers can be single or single executed several times, with layers of the same material, different Fiber course or other structured material can be associated and the Layer structure of the element, repeated one or more times in the element, be arranged.

According to the invention, the layer structure is created by connecting the large areas its layers are formed on top of each other.

According to the solution according to the invention, it is advantageous if the insulation element is provided with a laminated, vertically placed fiber course on one side, through one of the large areas is formed, a layer is assigned that is different from one formed material is composed. The material can be assigned Layer consist of a fiber material which is horizontal in the fiber direction, i.e. runs parallel to the large area and made of mineral wool, glass wool, glass fleece and the like. a. Materials can be formed, which properties, such as good fire protection behavior, high elasticity or opposite, low linear expansion and Creeping ability at a lower density are assigned. It is under the Invention possible to vary this layer in its thickness, so it as the same layer Apply thickness or as a very thin nonwoven. The shape of the product According to the invention, it is permitted to use granular products in the To use the layer structure of the layer applied to the base layer or the To link the material structure of the two previous solutions and the Layer build-up by inserting granules in and between fibrous To combine materials. So it is now possible to use a non-combustible product outstanding fire protection properties in the highest fire protection classes to produce. This product also has the property of being extremely Dimensionally stable, laminated base layer with a vertically oriented Fiber routing, used as a separate, statically functioning construction element to find.

It is an advantageous embodiment of the solution according to the invention if in Element through the layer with a laminated vertically oriented fiber course one or more layers is formed by top or bottom layers arranged, with intermediate, differently designed materials in Are connected. The top and bottom layers are arranged so that they can accommodate one or more intermediate elements that act as layers formed, are firmly connected to the outer layers. The invention Forming the insulating elements in a composite design advantageously has a extremely compact, dimensionally stable training. So it is also possible to produce layered insulation elements of great thickness, which are used as wall elements in the Drywall can be used, have high insulation properties, a have excellent processability because they work well together horizontally and vertically are insertable. Easily insertable because their material structure is of a low degree Longitudinal and transverse expansion allowed, dimensionally stable and a subsequent Linear expansion, for example influenced by thermal or meteorological Changes in the environment is excluded.

The invention is advantageously designed if the element has intermediate layers has, which are classified as ventilation ducts and a horizontal and vertical Allow ventilation of the walls of the building. Here again comes the advantage of solution according to the invention to carry. Between the bottom and top layers Laminated, vertically oriented fiber course, the ventilation ducts are now direct classified or can be embedded in materials. It can Bedding material can be a fiber material or also have a granulated structure.

The invention finds a very advantageous embodiment in that the element is a laminated layer with a vertically oriented fiber course, related on the extension of their large areas from perpendicular to them segment-like, web-like, repetitive in the layer plane Layer groups are formed, their material structure and composition are not was designed in the same way. These products represent an extremely advantageous development an insulation element with the consistent application and further development of Products that are manufactured using the solutions listed in the prior art can be. The product, initially in one layer, combines in itself Groups of different material structures with vertically oriented fibers a web-like, vertical layer structure, with predominantly web-like layers a vertical fiber course with web-like layers of different structure Materials are connected and form a flat insulation body. The layers run here, advantageously formed, transversely to the longitudinal center axis, so that a web-like, vertical layer formation that is repeated in groups. An insulating element of this structure has previously unknown advantages.

The insertion of web-like layers with a non-combustible material of high fire protection classes, such as glass fibers, glass fiber fleece, etc. Material, between layers of highly compressed or less compressed materials give the expert the indication that, in addition to high dimensional stability and above-average good processability, an element has been invented which has a wide range of applications and is endowed with excellent physical properties. To further support this advantageous solution, the invention is designed if the web groups of the perpendicular webs are formed from 2 to n times repeating groups of a non-similar structure of the material and its composition. It is advantageous according to the invention and in the sense of the tenor of the solution according to the invention that the repeating groups, within the framework of the webs, have different strengths and consistencies, webs with great strength being formed in addition to webs with low strength and the element can be assigned by the webs with high strength, high compressive strengths, great dimensional stability, a reduced resilience. Following the logical consequence, web designs with low strength, a large resilience of their material in the direction of the large central axis of the element, combined with a low weight, are assigned, which in turn has the advantage that, in addition to the reduced resilience behavior of the layers with high density and Strength of the element in the context of deliberately assigned layers of reduced strength and dimensional stability, an adaptability to building conditions can be assigned in detail, which goes beyond the previously known level of introduced insulation elements. This makes it possible to apply textile surface coatings to the surfaces of such structures that have been manufactured with elements of this design, which do not tear due to thermal or meteorological influences, because the element can now adapt to the stretching behavior of the coating element. It is a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention if the web-like layers, which are formed with a vertically oriented fiber course and with different web-like layer groups, are rotated by 90 ° to their large central axes, are arranged with their large areas on top of one another and connected. In this embodiment of the solution according to the invention, the advantages of the training variants according to the invention already described are subsumed. Since the layer groups with their different layer structure, the webs formed therein with mutually unequal strength and density are advantageously laid cross-lattice-like one above the other, there are the advantageous effects that in the region of superimposed webs with great strength, continuous lines of force transversely to the large central axes and lengthways continuous lines of force with great alternating strengths as well as high bending and torsional strengths of the flat elements are formed. It follows the logical consequence of the solution according to the invention that the webs thus formed are formed with unequal strength and density in the area of superimposed webs with lower density, continuous lines of force with lower strength, and lower density with a high resilience and great insulation effect in the layers with an uneven layer structure , The deliberate integration of materials with high fire prevention classes allows the universal usability of the elements not only in construction but also in shipbuilding, vehicle construction and much more. The solution according to the invention fulfills the task of a non-combustible element by using non-combustible binders and adhesives.

The insulation element according to the application can be manufactured, for example, by adding a multi-layer fiber fleece to a feeding transport device initiated, led in the facility and a vertex is moved against. At the apex, the fed multilayer Fiber fleece separated into lamellae. The separated slats now form assembled layer arrangements of a fleece, the web-like Has lamellar arrangements, the number and material composition of the Form layers corresponding web-like lamella groups, which when separated on the Support and removal device are pushed and from there to one uniform element that has multiple layer groups are processed.

Selectively defined insulation elements make sense on their large surface Coating with another material that has an aesthetic effect improved. In a predetermined assignment, only the elements should be coated whose surface or upper layer, one of the major body axes of the Have elements of vertically oriented grain. The becomes Coating selected surface of the insulation element in a wide range from 230 to 2400 mm, with variably selectable length limitation of the in Production line continuous fiber fleece, provided with a coating that on the cross-sectional areas perpendicular to the major axes of the element standing fibers, the fiber shafts of which have a shallow depth the same high tear resistance as that of the insulation element in the range from 40 to 100 kPa is applied. The invention is designed when the limitation of Insulating element in its longitudinal extent after coating its surface adapted to the technological requirements of the construction becomes.

It is within the meaning of the invention that the coating consists of a non-combustible Material is formed. For this purpose, the invention is designed as a feature for Coating of the insulation elements selected and determined a silicate material. It is in the broader sense of the invention if the coating is a carrier layer final, separately applied top layer determined, open to diffusion is trained. Shaping the invention, the coating can be used as a final one Cover layer provided, colored. A feature, the invention is the tear resistance of the coating, which is in a range from 60 to 80 kPA is settled. The invention is advantageously embodied by that the coating on a lateral beveling of the peripheral edges up to the outer area of the vertical side surfaces is guided. The invention Solution offers the user the advantage that now for coating selected surfaces directly in the production process of the mineral fiber fleece in the system can take place. Because the fleece in the manufacturing facility up to a width of 2400 mm can be used and is used throughout laminated a surface coating over the entire width already during the continuous run in the final manufacturing stage of the nonwoven made on the conveyor belt. The selectable length limits objectively no more restrictive sizes can be assigned, because that from the nonwoven to be coated on a continuous production line Manufacture of any lengthwise insulation elements up to a width of 2400 mm allowed. Due to the continuous coating during the production run Over the entire width of the fleece, the length limitation is now only due to the Technological requirements determine what the building to the insulation elements provides. Possibilities are opened up to the specialist and laminated throughout produced, coated insulation elements up to 2400 mm wide their longitudinal limits alone must meet the requirements of the building. The consistently glue-free lamination ensures a high degree Fire safety, even with a surface coating, since according to the invention Layer is made of a non-flammable, silicate material. The Coating is designed so that the cross-sectional areas of the perpendicular standing fibers completely covered and a high one by embracing the fiber shafts Adheres to the surface of the insulation element. Including the Fiber shafts take place at a depth of up to 1.5 mm into the surface of the Insulation element. This also ensures that the treated element is coated throughout and the layer has a high resistance to tearing the insulation element. The, measured by the fiber length, perpendicular to the Surface close to tightly stretched fibers ensure high adhesive strength, ensure, however, that the coating substance used for coating advantageously, here a highly viscous, hardening silicatic mass, not deeper in the fiber gaps can penetrate and on the one hand a heterogeneous structure of the Insulating element produces and on the other hand the insulation effect by clogging the Air gaps between the fibers is affected. The reading one Those skilled in the art will of course understand that the depth of penetration of the Coating medium, i.e. covering the fiber shafts, also over an area of 1.5 mm is not detrimental to the solution according to the invention, but should a penetration depth of 2.5 mm should not be exceeded, otherwise the elasticity and the yield strength of the surface of the element is adversely affected. The Measures initiated according to the invention have the advantage that the tear resistance the coating can be achieved as high as the tear resistance of the entire insulation element, it being in a pragmatic area if for the tear resistance 60 to 80 kPa can be assumed. The advantageous use of a silicate material ensures compliance with the basic requirement for Insulation elements of this type to ensure an advantageous fire behavior. So is the silicate coating is non-flammable and avoids the formation of harmful ones Gases when used in industrial and residential buildings. The advantage The insulation element presented according to the invention is further expanded that the coating is advantageously used as a top or bottom layer is open to diffusion, and the building has excellent ventilation of its building surfaces. This advantage is another given progress according to the invention. The coating, also or especially as Silicate layer can be used as a base layer for a layer of plaster can be used because it is very easy to connect to the plaster and due to the excellent diffusion properties, the rear ventilation of all Building layers guaranteed. Using colored coatings with the same physical properties as mentioned above raise one aesthetic effect of the building through its color design and the aesthetics of the Surface design. The concept advantageous according to the invention guarantees the Manufacture of coated elements with molded surface parts, which too bevelled, rounded and surface-shaping. Taking into account the inventive concept, the coating can also be made if the Elements are cut and edged on the production line of the system and still lie close to each other on the belt. This will also All-round chamfering, rounding or refinement of the edge formation detected and the surfaces of the elements completely covered by the coating.

Fig. 1:

Ein Dämmelement in einer zweischichtigen Ausführung in einer Vorderansicht,

Fig. 2:

Das Dämmelement nach Fig. 1 in einer Draufsicht, teilweise im Halbschnitt zur Darstellung der untenliegenden Schicht,

Fig. 9 bis 11:

Ausbildung des Dämmelementes mit Zwischenschichten unterschiedlicher Struktur, in einer Vorderansicht,

Fig. 9a:

Die Ausbildung des Dämmelementes gem. den Fig. 9 bis 11, bei dem die Deckschicht um eine halbe Lamellenbreite verschoben ist,

Fig. 12:

Das Dämmelement mit Schichtgruppen unterschiedlicher Materialstruktur, in einer Vorderansicht,

Fig. 13:

Das Dämmelement nach Fig.12 in einer Draufsicht, im Schnitt,

Fig. 14:

Das Dämmelement nach Fig. 12 in einer zweischichtigen Ausführung, in einer Vorderansicht,

Fig. 15:

Das Dämmelement nach Fig. 14, in einer Draufsicht mit einem teilweisen Halbschnitt zur Darstellung der untenliegenden Schicht,

Fig. 16:

Das Dämmelement nach Fig. 15, teilweise im Schnitt,

Fig. 17:

Eine Möglichkeit zur Herstellung des Elementes gemäß Fig. 12,

Fig. 18:

Eine Einzelheit X aus Fig. 17, in einer vergrößerten schematischen Darstellung

Fig. 19:

Das Dämmelement in einer axonometrischen Darstellung,

Fig. 20:

Den Schnitt I-I in Fig. 1,

Fig. 21:

Die Art des Umfassens der Faserschäfte in einer stark vergrößerten Darstellung gemäß der Einzelheit X in Fig. 2.

The invention will be explained in more detail using an exemplary embodiment. In the accompanying drawing:

Fig. 1:

A two-layer insulation element in a front view,

Fig. 2:

1 in a plan view, partially in half section to show the underlying layer,

9 to 11:

Formation of the insulation element with intermediate layers of different structure, in a front view,

Fig. 9a:

The formation of the insulation element acc. 9 to 11, in which the cover layer is shifted by half a slat width,

Fig. 12:

The insulation element with layer groups of different material structure, in a front view,

Fig. 13:

The insulation element according to Figure 12 in a plan view, in section,

Fig. 14:

12 in a two-layer design, in a front view,

Fig. 15:

14, in a plan view with a partial half section to show the underlying layer,

Fig. 16:

15, partly in section,

Fig. 17:

One possibility for producing the element according to FIG. 12,

Fig. 18:

A detail X from FIG. 17, in an enlarged schematic representation

Fig. 19:

The insulation element in an axonometric representation,

Fig. 20:

The section II in Fig. 1,

Fig. 21:

The type of embracing the fiber shafts in a greatly enlarged representation according to the detail X in FIG. 2.

Figures 1 and 2 show an element whose layers 1; 1 'are made of laminated, flat mineral fiber fleece having a vertically oriented fiber formation. Due to the laminated design, the structure of the two-dimensional products, their vertical fiber formation, has web-like layers 3 of the same material structure. Single-layer products of this type are already known from the prior art. It is characteristic of the two-layer product shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 that its web-like laminated structure is created by a lattice-like structure through a connection of its layers 1; 1 'rotated by 90 ° around its large longitudinal axes. This grid-like design ensures high dimensional stability, strength and a low resilience of the insulation elements, in particular the compressive strength is significantly increased compared to a transverse load. This improvement in properties can also be seen in the fact that the bending stiffness and the torsional resistance of the element have been significantly increased. The joining of the layers 1; 1 'already carried out in the continuous manufacturing process of the laminated material fleece permits the production of shaped bodies with intersecting webs 3, a vertical fiber formation of different sizes, shape configurations and web courses within the element dimensions and contours. So it is quite conceivable, deviating from the web course of FIGS. 1 and 2, to arrange the crossing webs 3 in parallel with the diagonals of the large areas, which is particularly suitable for square-shaped elements. FIG. 2 shows the intersecting course of the webs 3, in which the upper layer 1 ′ is cut off horizontally. The intersecting course of the webs 3 can be recognized. The person skilled in the art will read along that the advantage of the solution is retained even if the number of layers instead of only two , but n, are stacked in the manner according to the invention. By joining layers of the same structure together, it is advantageous to note that the element has a completely homogeneous structure and a predictable physical behavior as a construction element on or in the building structure.

In contrast to the insulation element according to the application, the Figures 9 to 11 a sandwich-like layer structure in which the according to the Layer 1 designed as covering layers 11; 12; 14; 15 with vertical oriented fiber course layers 13; 16; 18 different material structure between to lock myself in. 9 shows an example of an intermediate layer 13 with a fibrous structure, the fibers of which are horizontal to the major axis of the element run and granules are embedded between the fibers. 10 shows the layers 14; 15 in a minor thickness. Between the layers 14; 15, a wave-shaped layer 16 is inserted, which consists of a dimensionally stable material, such as sheet metal, plastic film or glass fiber laminate can be. The undulating design of layer 16 permits the formation of Ventilation rooms 17. This is the case if for example Drywall, low weight of the elements for partition walls are required and the components used for this a high dimensional stability and a low Must have resilience. This basic idea continues to follow Design of the element according to

11. Here, the intermediate layer 18 is formed from a granular material, that e.g. high heat resistance with resistance factors against ignition, such as a highly retarded flammability. In this material are Ventilation rooms 17 classified, which are located in the area of neutral fibers. It is of course possible to also deviate from the neutral fiber capable Classify ventilation spaces, which for a structural use in the Manufacture of continuous ventilation rooms does not offer so, but if the Ventilation spaces in the area of the joints are closed, for a cheap Thermal insulation in insulation elements can lead in a known manner. The specialist is considered when viewing the elements. Figures 9 to 11 the technical Information given that the base and cover layers 11, 12 of the insulation elements can also be arranged offset to one another. 9a Slats of the top layer by half a slat in relation to the base layer shifted and thus form a composite training, since the The joints of the slats are no longer vertically one above the other. Fig. 12 and 13 do not show a complete insulation element according to the application, but only one single laminated, with predominantly vertical grain Element a. The element a has groups 21 of vertical web-shaped Layers 19; 20, which have a different material composition, groups 21 can repeat themselves cyclically and acyclically. The element a can be formed in different thicknesses and is using the Lamellation process according to DDPatent 248 934 A3, which in its creative Application according to Figure 18 should find further explanations accordingly the solution, a patent application for the patent. The Groups 21 are designed differently in their web-shaped layers 19; 20. The webs 19, 20 are different in their material compositions put together, the webs 19 predominantly made of a fiber material vertically oriented, laminated fiber course are formed. The one or more bridges 20 can be a different material composition from one another receive. It is thus possible for the material of the webs 20 to follow the longitudinal course of the webs 19 running parallel, to be arranged horizontally to surface 2a, or materials use that are granular, made of glass fibers or glass fiber fleece. In any case, it has now succeeded in the individual webs 19 of the web groups 21 webs to imply that have a different kind of material formation and the physical Influence the behavior of the plates extremely positively when used, so that the highest possible Thermal insulation capability together with excellent sound insulation properties and excellent fire protection behavior can be achieved.

14 shows an insulation element of the type according to the invention, in which two elements are brought together as layers 22; 22 'at the connection point 2. The layers are joined together in such a way that the webs 19, 20 come to lie on one another rotated by 90 °. This creates a cross-lattice-like insulating element made up of several but at least two layers. 15 shows the arrangement of the webs 19; 20 in the layers 22; 22 '. The half-section shows that the lower layer 22 ', as seen in the plane of the table, has vertically oriented web groups 21 and the overlying plate has web groups 21 which are rotated by 90 ° thereto, so that here, as also shown in FIG. 16, a cross-lattice-like structure there are alternating overlapping web groups 21 of webs 19 of vertically oriented fiber course and webs 20 of different material. The reading specialist now receives the information that an insulation element for absorbing large static loads and excellent physical properties, such as insulation effect and fire protection behavior, has been created. Only the flexural and tensile strength of this element is excellently secured, whereby, viewed in relation to the large areas, in the transverse course of the forces, zones of high pressure absorption are paired with elastic zones, thus ensuring a considerable static load-bearing capacity of the element in terms of torsional security and resilience , The incorporation of webs 19, 20 of different material composition in intersecting web groups 21 can also be realized in elements whose intersecting web course is rotated by 45 ° in the layer structure. This then results in insulation elements with webs 19, 20 and web groups 21 running approximately diagonally to their major axes. Such a design is particularly suitable for square panels that are arranged on horizontal structures. The expert reading along will of course realize without inventive step that with knowledge of the two-layer designs of the insulation board with layer-like webs 19; 20 and web groups 21 crossing at 90 ° or also at 45 °, designs of 2 to n layers 22; 22 'are also possible , Here it is subject to the technological requirements of practice to require insulation elements with such a layer structure, which can then also be manufactured. Of course, it is also possible to use insulation elements in accordance with. 12 to 16 with insulation element designs acc. to combine the figures 3 to 11 and to make a meaningful use. It is according to the insulation elements. Figures 1 to 16 peculiar that they can be used as independent wall elements in buildings without supporting aids such as girder scaffolding, retaining walls and the like. For better location fixation in a building network, e.g. B. in the construction of dry walls, the end and side surfaces can be provided with tongue or groove-like fixing elements, which fix the elements independently in their position or take up mortar or adhesive to the elements in line with the wall on their end and side surfaces connect with each other. The fixing elements are not shown separately in the drawing, since they can be very diverse and are also known to the person skilled in the art.

17 shows the production of the web-like web groups 21 of the insulation element. From a continuously operating facility according to one already found new solution will be a roller table consisting of rollers 28; 29, one of three Layers 31; 32; 33 of raw fiber fleece 23 supplied and corresponding to the known methods compressed. A strand of the Raw fiber fleece with its layers 31; 32; 33, is now compressed accordingly fed to a suitable cutting device, here consisting of a pendulum 26 with a cutting edge 25, which cuts off the advancing nonwoven fabric 23 and the assigned cut laminated parts of the fiber lamella 24 to a support table 30, which is directed at an angle of 90 ° to the ascending part of the roller table. It is for the expert of course that cutting with the pendulum 26 is not the the only option is to cut through the nonwoven. Possibilities of Cutting using a cutting wire up to the laser beam as far as possible Application. According to this procedure, as from detail X 18, laminated groups 21 with different ones can be seen Ridges 19; 20 providing element components for assembling a layered insulation element with different material compositions in fed its web groups to the further manufacturing process. As Fig. 18 shows now, the known method for producing mineral fiber nonwovens with predominantly vertically oriented fiber alignment, when laminating mineral fiber fleeces creative application, laminated, vertically oriented webs 20 made of mineral fibers with webs 19 materials of the same type but of a different structure than groups 21 merged, manufactured. The from these web groups 21 assembled insulation elements with a selected thickness and number of layers of the invention, have excellent static properties and are recommended for use in different areas, such as construction, of ship, vehicle and steel container construction.

Fig. 19 presents an insulating element 34 with a surface coating 35 to which chamfers 36 are assigned to the edges. As shown in more detail in FIG. 20, The coating 35 extends over chamfers 36 to the edges of the Side surfaces 38. The element 34 can have a width of up to 2400 mm and is in length, due to the continuous formatting and coating on the production line, kept variable. It’s rectangular formatted here, but can, according to the technological conditions of the building, each take on a geometric, flat shape.

20 shows that the fiber course 37 of the fibers of the laminated insulation element 34 is directed perpendicular to the major body axes 39; 39 '. This makes it possible for coating 35 may include fiber shafts 40. The form of embracing the Fiber shafts 40 are shown in FIG. 21. A very large enlargement of one Detail of the coated surface shows that the embracing of the Fiber shafts 40 with a low penetration depth 41 of the coating medium into the Insulating element 35 goes hand in hand and still a homogeneous, gapless Surface coating 35 guaranteed. Grasping the fiber shafts 40 over their cross-sectional areas, the intimate connection of the coating material with the cross-sectional areas of the fibers and the properties of the Coating material ensure a tear resistance that matches that of the Insulation material can be compared and pragmatically located at 60 to 80 kPa.

1;1'

Schicht

22;22'

Schicht

2;2a

Verbindungsfläche

3;

Steg

11;12;13;14;15;16;18

Zwischenschicht

17;17'

Belüftungsräume

19;20;20'

Steg

21

Steggruppe

23

Rohfaservlies

27;28;29

Rolle

30

Auflage

31;32;33

Vliesschichten

24

Lamelle

25

Messer

26

Pendel

a

Element

34

Dämmelement

35

Beschichtung

36

Fase

37

Faserverlauf

38

Seitenflächen

39;39'

Körperachsen

40

Faserschaft

41

Eindringtiefe

List of the reference numerals used

1; 1 '

layer

22; 22 '

layer

2; 2a

interface

3;

web

11; 12; 13; 14; 15; 16; 18

interlayer

17; 17 '

ventilation rooms

19; 20; 20 '

web

21

bridge group

23

untreated fiber

27; 28; 29

role

30

edition

31; 32; 33

nonwoven layers

24

lamella

25

knife

26

pendulum

a

element

34

insulating element

35

coating

36

chamfer

37

grain

38

faces

39; 39 '

body axes

40

fiber shaft

41

penetration depth

Claims (1)

1. Insulating element comprising at least two mutually connected layers (1, 1') of mineral wool fibres, characterized in that the layers (1, 1') have a fibre orientation set so as to be orientated vertically counter to the direction of the major axes of the element, the layers (1, 1') are formed from lamellae (24) and the lamellae (24) of mutually connected layers (1, 1') intersect at 90°.

Images