EP2946044B1 - Lightweight panel and method for the production thereof - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a lightweight board according to the preamble of claim 1, to the use of lightweight panels for creating a house body according to the preamble of claim 10 and to a method for producing a lightweight board according to the preamble of claim 11.

The present invention is in the field of new lightweight building boards based on wood, which are formed with a plurality of flatly bonded layers, which are aligned with flocks of laterally juxtaposed with each other in a same layer, but in different layers with different angles to each other , bounded on their side edges and provided with a plurality of grooves boards are formed and which for furniture, but especially for the establishment of simple and inexpensive, especially further sound and / or noise insulation, in a simple way with low tool and personnel costs quickly Buildable buildings of various kinds, such as houses, cottages, stables, exhibition halls and the like. Can be used.

There are already a variety of building panels and components for a variety of purposes known from wood, which are constructed with several flat juxtaposed layers of cavities, in particular grooves or the like., Having boards. For the production of the grooved sheets used for the new lightweight panels, for example, and by no means completely, Austrian patents no. 503236 . 505486 . 505855 . 507231 and 508154 pointed out, as well as further eg on DE 9408382 U1 respectively. WO 95/32082 A1 ,

Out WO 95/32082 A1 respectively. WO 2011/060468 A1 Wood construction elements with bonded layers are known, wherein the layers are constructed of boards, which each have a grooving on surfaces facing each other. The grooves and at WO 2011/060468 A1 Also, the boards of two directly adjacent layers are aligned transversely and diagonally to each other. It has now been shown that large internal stresses can build up in the finished timber components, which cause deviations from the desired planar shape in the timber construction elements. In addition, these wood components are insufficiently elastic and also have no high flexural strength so that with one-sided clamping the load capacity until breaking is only small.

The object of the invention is now to find a simple solution with which tension-free as possible lightweight panels with sufficiently high elasticity and high residual strength can be provided with strong deflection. In particular, the lightweight panels in buildings to earthquake vulnerable places should be used.

The object is achieved by a lightweight board with the features of claim 1, or the use of this lightweight board for creating a house body according to claim 10 and by a method for producing a lightweight board according to claim 11. The dependent claims describe alternative or advantageous embodiments, which solve further tasks.

When solving the problem, it was recognized that a high degree of freedom from stress, high elasticity and high deformation resistance beyond the range of elastic deformation can be achieved if the boards at least one layer of a middle layer of the lightweight board on both sides or in both main surfaces a first and a second share of each other in angles (γ) of 5 to 100 °, preferably 7 to 20 °, are provided intersecting grooves, the grooves of each share each other in parallel. This ensures that no long webs in the fiber direction of the boards can be formed on the outsides of these layers. Of the short repeatedly interrupted web areas do not stress, even in large moisture differences in the lightweight panel.

Because at least one layer of the middle layer another layer is glued with grooves open against the central position, preferably with two crossed groups of grooves, the adhesive joints are narrow areas in which abut the short webs of the two connected layers projecting between the grooves , There is no large area glue layer which could undesirably restrict moisture permeability perpendicular to the large outer surface of the lightweight board. Around the narrow adhesive bonds at the short webs there are the cavities formed by the grooves. If bending forces act on the lightweight board, then they lead when passing a limit of elasticity not to the sudden breaking of the lightweight board, but locally connected short webs are transformed into the compressible cavities. These small internal transformations and breaks or entanglements can absorb a lot of energy without the lightweight panel breaking. Therefore, the lightweight panel according to the invention still has a high remaining bending strength even after a high absorption of deformation energy and a large deflection associated therewith.

For the high elasticity and the high residual strength under strong bending stress, it is important that layers with good cohesion are provided. For this purpose, the boards of at least one layer, but preferably of all layers, are laterally bonded to one another by tongue and groove on their side flanks. These connections between the adjoining boards of a layer ensure that the layer does not break along the connections between the boards at a high bending load, but that the introduced bending energy is absorbed by the above-described deformations in the webs. The different orientation of the boards of different layers also contributes to the strength. The tongue-and-groove connections between the boards of a layer have the additional advantage that the layers can be loaded more quickly after the side flanks of the boards have been glued and the boards of the layer run flush along a plane.

With the combination of the inventive features, an effect is achieved which goes beyond the sum of the individual effects.

The present invention is a multi-layered, in its basic form - preferably elongated - rectangular lightweight board based on wood with flat bonded together layers of flocks of mutually parallel, grooves having laterally bonded boards.

• wobei die einzelnen Bretter der beiden Schichten jeweils in einem Winkel zueinander (achssymmetrisch) windschief bzw. die beiden Schichten um eine virtuelle Achse um 180° gedreht angeordnet sind,
• dass die Bretter jeder der beiden Schichten beidseitig mit Scharen von einander in Winkeln von 5 bis 100°, insbesondere 10 bis 75°, kreuzenden, zueinander jeweils parallelen Nuten versehen sind, und
• dass die Leichtbauplatte zumindest an ihren beiden langen, zueinander parallelen Längsseitenflanken jeweils zumindest eine Anschließungs-Nut und eine mit ihr formschluss-kooperierfähige Anschließungs-Feder für einen beidseitigen formschlüssigen Anschluss von gleich gearteten Leichtbauplatten aufweist.

The new multi-layer lightweight board is characterized in particular by having at least two - with the basic shape of the lightweight board matching shape, optionally via an intermediate layer arranged between them, surface-bound together - each with crowds of each at an acute angle of 25 to 60 ° , in particular from 30 to 45 °, aligned to the respective longitudinal side edges of the respective layer or the lightweight board, formed on both sides laterally via tongue and groove form-fitting bound together elongated boards,

• wherein the individual boards of the two layers are each skewed at an angle to one another (axisymmetric) or the two layers are rotated through 180 ° about a virtual axis,
• that the boards of each of the two layers are provided on both sides with shares of each other at angles of 5 to 100 °, in particular 10 to 75 °, crossing, mutually parallel grooves, and
• that the lightweight board at least at its two long, mutually parallel longitudinal side flanks each have at least one Anschließungs-groove and with her formschluss-cooperable connecting spring for a two-sided positive connection of the same type lightweight panels.

The structural panel can, as just described, in the simplest cases have only two layers of flocks of each having angles to each other in certain positive and negative, same absolute size angles skewed arranged grooved boards, wherein it is essential that not only a (first) crowd of each other parallel grooves are provided on the boards, but another set of mutually parallel grooves, which intersect with the grooves of the first family, wherein it has proved to be favorable when the crossing angles of the grooves have the above values.

It is usually provided that just in the case of a double-layered building board, the same is provided on at least one of its two outer surfaces with a layer, e.g. sound insulation and / or insulating insulating layer, in particular of a natural material, such as cork, and that the two said layers of building boards further, preferably via an intermediate layer arranged between them, in particular also of a sound and heat insulating natural material, such as. Cork exists, are bound together.

In the context of the present invention, in particular with regard to the significantly simplified manufacturing lightweight construction panels are particularly preferred according to claim 2, whose layers are formed with skewed arranged boards, each having a family of grooves, but specifically targeted in the direction of Wood fiber, ie parallel to the side edges of the boards are aligned and which are each crossed by a family of other parallel grooves.

In a further preferred and frequently used embodiment according to claim 3 it is provided that a building board basically as described above is carried out so that on the at least one layer of the central layer mentioned in claim 1 on both sides in each case at least one further layer is bound surface, - the further layers, the laterally bound, elongated boards at a second acute angle (-β, + β) are aligned to the longitudinal side edges of the lightweight board and the second acute angle (-β) of the boards bound to the adjacent layer of the middle layer Layer has a size negative to the size of the first angle (α) of the boards of this layer and has a different or equal angular amount.

Furthermore, it is particularly advantageous if the new lightweight panel comprises a central layer with three layers.

The arrangement of intersecting grooves on both sides of each of the layers forming boards is due to the occurring in these grooves for the flowable air contained there "confusion" effect ensures that it is maintained in any of the grooves to a substantial and over longer distances Can flow of air in the grooves can come, so in a very simple way, on the one hand, a high thermal insulation result and on the other hand, as a result of the arrangement of grooves, ie excavations a building board is created, which is characterized by significant reduction in their volume weight and beyond due to low weight as lightweight board made with it easy and with little effort, that is eg Can be handled without special lifting tools.

Quite essential in this new type of lightweight panels is that with them by simply joining ultimately much larger dimensions having wall and ceiling panels can be created, which of course also characterized by high lightness and high heat and sound insulation, so that in particular buildings for World areas with high temperature differences between day and night and winter and summer, ie in areas with difficult climatological conditions, are producible.

It is particularly preferred, in particular for the construction of buildings in areas with high heat or cold development, that they are e.g. in a plurality of layers of the building board a corresponding plurality of, optionally in each case via an intermediate layer, surface-bonded layers is formed with laterally bonded, cross-grooved boards, which are aligned at an angle to the side edges of the lightweight board, the boards of each other adjacent or mutually associated layers are arranged axially skewed skewed, so for example, have positive and negative angles to the side edges of the layers.

As in the context of the invention, it has proven to be particularly favorable, if it is ensured that the intersecting grooves of each of the boards of the lightweight building board forming layers - preferably having rectangular cross section - equally spaced and / or mutually equal width and either the same or are formed differently deep and each enclose with each other equal large parallelogram islands, wherein the total of the grooves claimed areas to the sum of the areas of the islands in a ratio of 1 to 2 to 2 to 1, in particular from 1 to 1.50 to 1 , 50 to 1, and preferably from 1.25 to 1 to 1 to 1.25.

The bond between the layers is preferably achieved with adhesive bonds between the adjoining faces of the paralellogrammflächigen islands. With the above-mentioned relationships between the areas claimed by the grooves and the sum of the areas of the islands, it is ensured that the adjoining faces are sufficiently large for the required bond. Because the adhesive bonds are limited to the adjoining faces, a good moisture exchange can be ensured by the lightweight board. Nowhere is there a coherent adhesive layer acting as a moisture barrier.

In particular increased strength enjoy the lightweight panels according to the invention, in which a family of grooves on each major surfaces of each of the laterally bonded boards of individual or all layers of the lightweight board is formed with mutually parallel grooves, which is a substantially consistent with the course of the wood fibers of the boards longitudinal extent have, and which "fiber conforming" arranged grooves are crossed by the grooves of each other Nutenschar at an angle.

In a further preferred embodiment, a layer of boards is arranged in at least one outer surface of the lightweight board, which only on the directed against the interior of the lightweight panel main surface at least a bevy of grooves, but preferably two at an angle of 5 ° to 100 °, in particular 7 to 20 °, crossed flocks of grooves. Preferably, a family of these grooves has a longitudinal extent that is substantially conforming to the course of the wood fibers of the boards. At their directed against the exterior of the lightweight panel main surface, the boards along both long side lines milled edge areas, or chamfers. If the lightweight board with the boards with the milled edge areas or chamfers directed towards the outside is used as a wall element, then milled edge areas or chamfers run as small channels diagonally downwards and can thus deduce the rainwater striking the respective board controlled to the side, which a different wetting and thus a different growth or a different discoloration of the upper and lower portions of a wall prevented.

It has been found, as has been found, to contribute to increased heat and sound insulation capability when the boards of individual or all layers bound to one another on at least one main surface each have a family of grooves parallel to each other and grooves parallel to one another with different grooves in the two-sided grooves , Depths, the groove bottoms of which are arranged substantially continuously along the width of each of the boards, approximately along waves, and with these different depth grooves crossed by the grooves of the other group.

As a result of this wave-like arrangement of the groove bases, it may happen that at individual points, the intersecting grooves are reached from the other side of the boards, so that at these points from one to the other main surface of these boards continuity exists. The main effect of the wave-like arrangement of the groove bases is that a possible distortion of the individual boards can be prevented particularly well.

As already briefly mentioned above, it is particularly advantageous, in particular with regard to the insulating ability of the new lightweight panels, if at least one of the two outer surfaces of the lightweight panels formed with the layers formed with two boards bound together forms one, in most cases significantly different thickness than the boards layers having, outer plate, preferably made of a natural insulation material is bound.

In particular, in view of simplicity, speed and efficiency of construction, and in particular also of durability and durability of the structures of the above-mentioned lightweight boards according to the invention formed with slot-board layers, e.g. in the case of their use in developing countries, a substantial further object of the present invention is a plate-like lightweight construction element, in particular a lightweight wall or ceiling element and in particular a house body formed with a plurality of these elements, which is characterized in that it or with a A plurality of - as described above - on their side edges by means of connection grooves and springs positively bonded together lightweight panels is formed, said Aneinanderbindung means of at least one, but preferably more, for example arranged spaced apart, and optionally intersecting, forming the body of the building lightweight components of side walls, partitions, bottom wall and / or ceiling or roof surfaces connecting and exciting, adjustable in their clamping force to a few, preferably up to 8, centimeters stretchable strap or Tensioning bands is accomplished.

As far as the clamping elements themselves are concerned, it is provided in one embodiment that they are formed with a strong spring interconnecting the two band ends which, in particular in the event of fluctuations, e.g. As a result of earthquake events, cause the house body is not damaged, since a certain flexibility and mutual displacement of the wall elements is given due to the targeted limited elasticity of the straps.

The fact that the lightweight panels of the house body are not glued together and their mutual stability is secured by the positive locking grooves and springs, in the case of necessity, a reduction of the same without destruction or damage to the building panels allows and their assembly is then elsewhere, where there is a need, without difficulty possible.

A very significant advantage of the present invention is that all tools necessary for the preparation of the boards and thus the components, such as machines and the work steps to be performed are so simple that they can be performed by just trained workers and the mechanical effort on a Minimum is reduced.

This applies to a particularly high degree for the lightweight building board according to claim 2, whose boards have sidewalls-parallel grooves.

• I. die einzelnen Bretter oberflächlich geglättet bzw. gehobelt und an ihren beiden Seitenflanken mit formschlüssig kooperierbaren Nuten und Federn versehen werden, dass dann
• IIa. eine Schar von seitlich aneinander liegenden, schräg in einem positiven Winkel zur Längsausrichtung einer Zuführungsbahn ausgerichteten, jeweils mit den Seitenflanken-Formschlusselementen versehenen Brettern kontinuierlich durch eine Nutenfräseinrichtung mit zwei, vorzugsweise gleichzeitig, in beide Hauptflächen der Bretter zueinander parallele, schräge Nuten schneidenden Fräswalzen geführt wird, dass
• IIb. die auf diese Weise beidseitig mit Scharen von zueinander parallelen schrägen Nuten versehenen Bretter danach durch dieselbe oder eine andere Zuführungsbahn ebenfalls seitlich aneinander liegend, allerdings in einem ebenso großen, jedoch negativen bzw. umgekehrten Winkel wieder zwischen zwei - beidseitig Scharen von die zuerst geschnittenen Nuten kreuzenden, zueinander parallelen, anders schrägen Nuten schneidenden Nuten-Fräswalzen hindurch geführt werden, dass
• III. die auf diese Weise beidseitig mit einander kreuzenden Nuten versehenen Bretter nach, beispielsweise punktweisem, Auftrag eines Klebers in ihre seitlichen Nuten und/oder auf ihre Federn miteinander zu einer Schicht mit Scharen von positiv oder negativ schräg im Winkel zu ihrer Fortbewegungsrichtung in den Zuführungsbahn(en) angeordneten Brettern seitlich aneinander gebunden werden, dass
• IV. danach z.B. in einer breiteren Führungsbahn eine geradlinige beidseitige Längsbeschneidung der Schichtränder und eine Ablängung zu den die gewünschte längs-rechteckige Grundform der Leichtbauplatte aufweisende Formen besitzenden, einzelnen Schichten erfolgt, wonach
• V. jeweils auf eine der Hauptflächen der aneinander zu bindenden Schichten ein Polymerkleber und auf deren jeweils andere Hauptfläche ein Polymerhärter aufgetragen wird, und danach
• VI. die Schichten in einer der in den Ansprüchen 1 bis 9 beschriebenen spezifischen Anordnungen, selbst insbesondere Anschluss-Nuten und -Federn ausbildend, entweder kongruent, oder vorzugsweise jeweils zumindest seitlich gegeneinander parallel verschoben, flächig aufeinander geschichtet und durch Druckausübung, beispielsweise

mittels (Hochdruck)-Presseinrichtung, unter Ausbildung der neuen Leichtbauplatte miteinander flächig verklebend verpresst werden.A preferred method according to the invention for producing the lightweight building board is characterized in that

• I. the individual boards superficially smoothed or planed and provided on its two side edges with positively cooperable grooves and springs that then
• IIa. a group of side-by-side, obliquely aligned at a positive angle to the longitudinal orientation of a feed path, each provided with the side edge-form-locking elements boards is continuously guided by a Nutenfräseinrichtung with two, preferably simultaneously, in both major surfaces of the boards mutually parallel oblique grooves cutting milling that
• IIb. the boards provided in this way on both sides with flocks of mutually parallel oblique grooves boards then also by the same or another feed track also lying laterally to each other, but in an equally large, but negative or inverted angle again between two - crossing on both sides crowds of the first cut grooves , mutually parallel, differently oblique grooves cutting groove-milling rollers are passed through that
• III. the boards provided in this way on both sides with intersecting grooves after, for example pointwise, application of an adhesive in their lateral grooves and / or on their feathers together to a layer with families of positive or negative obliquely at an angle to their direction of movement in the feed path (s ) arranged boards are laterally bonded to each other, that
• IV. Thereafter, for example, in a wider guideway a rectilinear two-sided longitudinal circumcision of the layer edges and a cut to the desired longitudinally rectangular basic shape of the lightweight building board possessing forms owning individual layers takes place, after which
• V. in each case on one of the main surfaces of the layers to be bonded together, a polymer adhesive and on the respective other major surface of a polymer hardener is applied, and thereafter
• VI. the layers in one of the specific arrangements described in claims 1 to 9, even in particular connecting grooves and springs forming, either congruent, or preferably in each case at least laterally offset from each other in parallel, layered on top of each other and by applying pressure, for example

be pressed together by means of (high pressure) -Presseinrichtung, bonding the new lightweight panel together.

• I. die für die Herstellung der Schichten vorgesehenen Bretter parallel zur Richtung einer Zuführungsbahn durch diese Zuführungsbahn geführt, in einem einzigen Arbeitsgang oberflächengeglättet, insbesondere gehobelt, in ihre Seitenflanken jeweils formschlüssig kooperierbare Formschlusselemente, nämlich Feder und Nut, eingearbeitet und in ihre beidseitigen bzw. beiden Hauptflächen jeweils eine Schar von zueinander parallelen, zu den Seitenflanken der Bretter ebenfalls parallel verlaufenden, bzw. dem Holzfaserverlauf in den Brettern entsprechend verlaufenden, gegebenenfalls mit einem etwa wellenartigen Verlauf über die Breite der Bretter unterschiedliche Nuttiefen aufweisenden, Nuten 3, eingearbeitet bzw. eingefräst werden,
• II. in die auf diese Weise beidseitig mit Scharen von brettseitenflanken-parallelen Nuten versehenen Bretter danach im Winkel schräge Enden geschnitten werden und die so schräg gekappte Enden aufweisenden, beidseitig genuteten Bretter im selben Winkel, seitlich aneinander liegend über eine weitere Zuführungsbahn im (genannten) Winkel zwischen zwei, die brettseitenflanken-parallelen Nuten im Winkel kreuzende Nuten schneidenden, beidseitig angeordneten Nuten-Fräswalzen hindurchgeführt werden,
• III. die auf diese Weise beidseitig mit einander kreuzenden Nuten versehenen Bretter nach, beispielsweise punktweisem, Auftrag eines Klebers in ihre seitlichen Nuten und/oder auf ihre Federn miteinander zu Schichten mit Scharen von schräg im Winkel zu ihrer Fortbewegungsrichtung in den Zuführungsbahn(en) angeordneten Brettern seitlich aneinander gebunden werden, dass nach
• Ablängung der einzelnen zu den die gewünschte längs-rechteckige Grundform der Leichtbauplatte aufweisende Formen besitzenden, Schichten erfolgt, wonach
• IV. jeweils auf eine der Hauptflächen der aneinander zu bindenden Schichten ein Polymerkleber und auf deren jeweils andere Hauptfläche ein Polymerhärter aufgetragen wird, und danach
• V. die Schichten in einer der in den Ansprüchen 1 bis 9 beschriebenen spezifischen Anordnungen, insbesondere selbst Anschluss-Nuten und -Federn ausbildend, entweder kongruent, oder vorzugsweise jeweils zumindest seitlich gegeneinander parallel verschoben, flächig aufeinander geschichtet und durch Druckausübung, beispielsweise

mittels (Hochdruck)-Presseinrichtung, unter Ausbildung der neuen Leichtbauplatte miteinander flächig verklebend verpresst werden.Particularly preferred is a significantly simplified embodiment of the new manufacturing method, which is characterized in that

• I. the boards provided for the production of the layers guided parallel to the direction of a feed path through this feed path, surface smoothed in a single operation, in particular planed, in their side edges each positively locking cooperable form-fitting elements, namely spring and groove, incorporated and in their two-sided or both Main surfaces in each case a family of mutually parallel, to the side edges of the boards also parallel, or the wood fiber course in the boards correspondingly extending, optionally with an approximately wave-like course over the width of the boards different groove depths, grooves 3, incorporated or milled .
• II. In the manner provided in this way on both sides with flocks of board side flanks parallel grooves boards are then cut at an angle oblique ends and the obliquely capped ends, both sides grooved boards in the same angle, laterally adjacent to each other via a further feed track in the (mentioned) Angle between two, the board side edge-parallel grooves in the angle crossing grooves are cut, passed on both sides groove milling drums,
• III. the provided in this way on both sides with intersecting grooves boards after, for example, points, application of an adhesive in their lateral grooves and / or on their feathers together to layers with crowds of oblique At an angle to their direction of movement in the feed path (s) arranged boards are laterally bonded to each other, that after
• Cut to length of the individual having to the desired longitudinal rectangular basic shape of the lightweight panel having shapes, layers, then
• IV. A polymer adhesive is applied to one of the main surfaces of the layers to be bonded to one another, and a polymer hardener is applied to the respective other main surface thereof, and thereafter
• V. the layers in one of the specific arrangements described in claims 1 to 9, in particular itself forming connection grooves and springs, either congruent, or preferably at least laterally offset from each other in parallel, layered on top of each other and by applying pressure, for example

be pressed together by means of (high pressure) -Presseinrichtung, bonding the new lightweight panel together.

As regards the new production process and the lightweight panels produced, preferably in this way, the manufacture can be carried out directly on site, e.g. in each case in a disaster or earthquake area, without much effort with only briefly trained forces without the need of skilled workers to be carried out, which is particularly beneficial for use in countries with low resources and in particular with increased or high risk of natural events.

The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the drawing.

Fig. 1

in Explosionsdarstellung vier Schichten von seitlich aneinander liegenden Brettern mit beidseitig angeordneten, einander kreuzenden Nuten, die

Fig. 2

in einer Detaildarstellung eines der die neuen Leichtbauplatten bildenden Bretter, die

Fig. 3

den Schnitt durch eine speziell gestaltete Bauplatte mit auf einer ihrer beiden Hauptflächen befindlichen Nuten mit unterschiedlichen Tiefen von deren Nutgründen, die

Fig. 3a

den Schnitt durch ein anders gestaltetes Brett, die

Fig. 4

einen Teil einer erfindungsgemäßen, mit vier Schichten von aneinander liegenden Brettern gebildeten Leichtbauplatte, wobei dort die Nuten und Federn für deren Zusammenbau mit weiteren Leichtbauplatten gezeigt sind, die

Fig. 5

schematisch den Zusammenbau der erfindungsgemäßen Leichtbauplatten zu einem Hauskörper und den Zusammenhalt derselben bzw. desselben mittels eines erfindungsgemäß einzusetzenden Spannbandes, die

Fig. 5a

schematisch die "Umgürtung" eines Hauses mit mehreren Spannbändern, die

Fig. 6

schematisch ein neues und an sich relativ einfaches Verfahren zur Herstellung der genuteten Bretter und der daraus gebildeten neuen Leichtbauplatten gemäß der Erfindung, die

Fig. 7

eine vergleichsweise noch einfachere, bevorzugte Variante des erfindungsgemäßen Herstellungsverfahrens, die

Fig. 8

eine mögliche, konkret bevorzugte Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäß vorgesehenen Spannbandes, die

Fig. 9

einen Ausschnitt einer Draufsicht auf eine Schicht mit vorstehenden Stegen in der Form von Parallelogrammflächen zwischen zwei Scharen von Nuten, die

Fig. 10

eine schematische Darstellung der Leimflächen zwischen den aneinander anliegenden Stegen von zwei verbundnen Schichten gemäss Fig. 9, die

Fig. 11a bis 11e

perspektivische Darstellungen von Schichten einer Leichtbauplatte und die

Fig. 12 und 13

perspektivische Darstellungen von Leichtbauplatten mit drei bzw. fünf Schichten gemäss Fig. 11a bis 11e

It show the

Fig. 1

in an exploded view four layers of laterally adjacent boards with mutually arranged, intersecting grooves, the

Fig. 2

in a detailed representation of one of the new lightweight panels forming boards, the

Fig. 3

the section through a specially designed building board with grooves located on one of its two major surfaces with different depths of their groove surfaces, the

Fig. 3a

the cut by a differently designed board, the

Fig. 4

a part of a lightweight board according to the invention, formed with four layers of contiguous boards, where there are shown the grooves and springs for their assembly with other lightweight panels, the

Fig. 5

schematically the assembly of the lightweight panels of the invention to a house body and the cohesion of the same or the same by means of a tension band to be used according to the invention, the

Fig. 5a

schematically the "girding" of a house with several straps, the

Fig. 6

schematically a new and in itself relatively simple method for producing the grooved boards and the new lightweight panels formed therefrom according to the invention, the

Fig. 7

a comparatively even simpler, preferred variant of the manufacturing method according to the invention, the

Fig. 8

a possible, specifically preferred embodiment of the present invention provided tension band, the

Fig. 9

a section of a plan view of a layer with protruding ridges in the form of parallelogram between two sets of grooves, the

Fig. 10

a schematic representation of the glue surfaces between the adjacent webs of two composite layers according to Fig. 9 , the

Fig. 11a to 11e

perspective views of layers of a lightweight board and the

FIGS. 12 and 13

perspective views of lightweight panels with three or five layers according to Fig. 11a to 11e

The Fig. 1 shows in exploded view four layers 01, 02, 03, and 04 of a building panel 100 according to the invention, these layers are formed with boards 2, which are arranged obliquely to the side edges or side edges of said layers or the building board 100 and crossing on both sides with each other Grooves 3, 3 'are provided.

In each case two mutually belonging and thus secured against distortion layers 01, 02 and 03 and 04 of the new building board 100 are formed with boards 2, which are aligned obliquely to the side edges of the layers, but the boards of each belonging layers 01, 02 and 03, 04 to each other about an axis A1 rotated by 180 ° are skewed to each other, Thus, the boards of the layer 01 in angles + α and the boards 2 of the layer 02 at angles of -α to the side edges or flanks 200, 200 'are aligned, and the boards 2 of the layer 03 with a negative angle -β and the boards 2 of the layer 04 are aligned at a positive angle + β to the respective side edges of said layers.

The two main surfaces of said layers and their boards 2 have the reference numerals 205 and 205 'and a total of z. B. the in Fig. 1 shown arrangement of four layers form a lightweight construction panel 100 according to the invention, in which case the two layers 01 and 02 form a middle layer MI and it can further be provided that between these two layers 01 and 02 an intermediate layer 001, z. B. of cork, and where further course also between the layers 03 and 01 and between 02 and 04, such an intermediate layer may be arranged and further course outside so on the front outer surface 205 of the building board 03 and the rear outer surface 205 'of Building board 04 each a further (outer) layer, for example, for applying a plaster, or also an insulating layer, for example made of cork, can be arranged.

Of course, any other arrangement and number of layers of the new lightweight board can be provided, if only care is taken that each corresponding layers in the same positive and negative angle each have skewed mutually arranged flocks of boards.

The Fig. 2 shows - with otherwise constant reference numerals - one of the boards used in the new lightweight panel 100 boards 2, which form in side by side each one of the layers 01 to 04 in droves. It shows how in each case the side flank surfaces 200, 200 'of the boards 2 is equipped here with a right-triangular groove 202 and a left, positively fitting in this groove 202 spring 202', both sides 205 205 'with each intersecting grooves 3 'are provided.

The grooves 3, 3 'preferably have rectangular cross-sectional shape and form between each parallelogram-like or rhombic islands 30 with the groove crossing angle corresponding acute angles γ. It should be noted at this point that, of course, the boards 2 not only along their side edges 200, 200 ' positive grooves and springs 202, 202 'may have, but also at their short, unspecified end edges.

The Fig. 3 shows - with otherwise constant reference numerals - the cross section through one of the total of the layers 01 to 04 forming boards 2, in which case the rectangular cross-section grooves 3, 3 'both on the top and on the underside of the board 2 are shown. The arranged on the bottom 205 'grooves 3 or 3' are formed as a family of parallel to the longitudinal side edges and parallel aligned grooves and they are crossed by a respective group of - not shown - grooves. The grooves 3 or 3 'of the bottom 205' have mutually different depths tn, wherein these groove bases are formed continuously undulating at different depths across the board 2.

The Fig. 3a shows - with otherwise identical reference numerals - a preferred embodiment of each other and to the side edges 200, 200 'of the boards 2 of the layers 01 to 04 in the two major surfaces 205, 205' cut grooves 3, wherein the groove depths tn of the upper and lower Grooves matched, across the width of the board 2 are different. These flocks of board side parallel grooves 3 are cross-sectionally intersected by not shown flocks of mutually parallel grooves 3 'arranged on each side 205, 205', these oblique grooves 3 'being cut on both sides 205, 205'. of the board 2 also parallel to each other.

The Fig. 4 shows - with otherwise constant reference numerals - the upper portion of a lightweight panel 100 according to the invention with a total of four layers bound together layers 01 to 04, which - as indicated in one of the layers - are formed with obliquely aligned, laterally bonded boards 2, said boards. 2 have on both sides of the intersecting grooves 3 3 '. The layers 01 to 04 are arranged offset laterally relative to one another and in this simple manner form at least one connecting groove 102, and spring 102 ', etc., whereby these layers and thus the building board 100 are extremely stable via these form-fitting groove and spring connections can be connected or connected to the two next, laterally adjacent laterally identical structural panels 100, without a lateral bonding of the same to each other being necessary or desired.

The Fig. 5 shows - with otherwise constant reference numerals - a part of a structure 10, which is formed from the mutually positively closed elongated lightweight panels 100, which are formed with families of obliquely arranged in their extension boards 2, and these boards on both sides intersecting grooves. 3 , 3 '. The structure 10 - here in approximately square square shape - not by lateral bonding of the building boards 100 together, but by here only one, placed around the building 10, specifically acted upon with tension clamping band 150, which in turn equipped with a spring its course is that ensures that a certain shift, eg caused by a growth or shrinkage of the wood due to changing moisture or - in the case of earthquakes - some slight displacement of the building boards 100 against each other, without thereby disrupting the building 10 as a whole or even gets destroyed.

The Fig. 5a 3 schematically shows a tensioning system according to the invention with a pitched roof, wherein three tensioning straps 150, eg vertically above the base plate 81, two opposing side wall elements 82 and the two roof surface elements 83 are laid and tensioned and two tension straps 150 hold the side walls, wherein for each of the individual, Tension band sections laid over edges in each case for each of the flat elements of the house, depending on expected loads, for example in the event of quake events, individually tension-adjustable clamping element 9 is provided.

• IIb. die auf diese Weise beidseitig mit Scharen von einander kreuzenden zueinander parallelen Nuten (3) versehenen Bretter (2) danach durch dieselbe oder eine andere Zuführungsbahn (6') ebenfalls seitlich aneinander liegend, allerdings in einem ebenso großen, negativen bzw. umgekehrten Winkel wieder zwischen zwei - beidseitig Scharen von die zuerst geschnittenen Nuten (3) kreuzenden, zueinander parallelen Nuten (3') schneidenden Nuten-Fräswalzen (62, 62') hindurch geführt werden, dass in einem Schritt
• III. die auf diese Weise beidseitig mit einander kreuzenden Nuten (3, 3') versehenen Bretter (2) nach, beispielsweise punktweisem, Auftrag eines Klebers (K) in ihre seitlichen Nuten (202) und/oder auf ihre Federn (202') miteinander zu einer Schicht (04, 02, 01, 03) mit Scharen von positiv oder negativ schräg im Winkel zur Fortbewegungsrichtung in der (den) Zuführungsbahn(en) (6,6') angeordneten Brettern (2) seitlich miteinander verbunden werden, dass danach in einem weiteren Schritt
• IV., z.B. in einer breiteren Führungsbahn (60), eine, vorzugsweise geradlinige beidseitige Längsbeschneidung (7) der Schichtränder und eine Ablängung (7') zu den die gewünschte längs-rechteckige Grundform der Leichtbauplatte (100) aufweisende Formen besitzenden, einzelnen Schichten (01 bis 04) erfolgt, wonach im Schritt
• V. jeweils auf eine der Hauptflächen (205, 205') jeder der Schichten (01 bis 04) ein Polymerkleber (Pk) und auf deren jeweils andere Hauptfläche (205', 205) ein Polymerhärter (Ph) aufgetragen wird, und dass danach
• VI. die Schichten (01 bis 04) in einer der in den Ansprüchen 1 bis 7 beschriebenen Anordnungen, insbesondere Anschluss-Nuten und -Federn ausbildend, entweder kongruent oder, wie hier gezeigt, vorzugsweise jeweils zumindest seitlich gegeneinander parallel verschoben, flächig aufeinander geschichtet und durch Druckausübung (P), beispielsweise

mittels (Hochdruck)-Presseinrichtung, unter Ausbildung der neuen Leichtbauplatte (100) miteinander flächig verklebend verpresst werden.In the Fig. 6 is - with otherwise constant reference numerals - a simple and easy to implement on site itself method for producing the lightweight panel 100 described above in detail, it being provided that in a step IIa a crowd of laterally adjacent, obliquely at a positive angle for the longitudinal alignment of a feed path (6), in each case on both sides laterally provided on both sides with positive locking tongue and groove boards (2) continuously by a Nutenfräseinrichtung (61) with two, preferably simultaneously, in both main surfaces (205, 205 ') the boards (2) mutually parallel grooves (3) cutting milling rollers (62, 62 ') is guided, that in a further step

• IIb. the boards (2) provided in this way on both sides with flocks of intersecting parallel grooves (3) thereafter by the same or one other feed track (6 ') also laterally adjacent to each other, but in an equally large, negative or reverse angle again between two - on both sides crowds of the first cut grooves (3) crossing, mutually parallel grooves (3') intersecting groove-milling rollers ( 62, 62 ') are passed through that in one step
• III. the boards (2) provided in this way on both sides with intersecting grooves (3, 3 '), for example, pointwise, applying an adhesive (K) to their lateral grooves (202) and / or their springs (202') a layer (04, 02, 01, 03) with sets of positive or negative obliquely at an angle to the direction of movement in the feed path (s) (6,6 ') arranged boards (2) are laterally connected to each other, that after another step
• IV., For example, in a wider guideway (60), one, preferably rectilinear two-sided longitudinal trimming (7) of the layer edges and a cut (7 ') to the individual longitudinally rectangular rectangular shape of the lightweight board (100) possessing individual layers ( 01 to 04), after which in step
• V. on each of the major surfaces (205, 205 ') of each of the layers (01 to 04) a polymer adhesive (Pk) and on the other major surface (205', 205), a polymer hardener (Ph) is applied, and that thereafter
• VI. the layers (01 to 04) in one of the arrangements described in claims 1 to 7, in particular connecting grooves and springs forming, either congruent or, as shown here, preferably at least laterally offset from each other in parallel, layered on top of each other and by applying pressure (P), for example

be pressed together by means of (high pressure) -Presseinrichtung, forming the new lightweight panel (100) with each other surface bonding.

• I. die für die Herstellung der Schichten (01, 02, 03, 04) vorgesehenen Bretter (2), parallel zur Richtung einer Zuführungsbahn (6) durch diese Zuführungsbahn (6) geführt, in einem einzigen Arbeitsgang oberflächengeglättet, insbesondere gehobelt, in ihre Seitenflanken jeweils formschlüssig kooperierbare Formschlusselemente, nämlich Feder (202') und Nut, (202) eingearbeitet und in ihre beidseitigen bzw. beiden Hauptflächen (205, 205') jeweils eine Schar von zueinander parallelen und zu den Seitenflanken (200, 200') der Bretter (2) ebenfalls parallel verlaufende, bzw. dem Holzfaserverlauf (vf) in den Brettern (2) entsprechend verlaufende, Nuten (3), bzw. gegebenenfalls mit einem etwa wellenartigen Verlauf über die Breite der Bretter (2) unterschiedliche Nuttiefen (tn) aufweisende Nuten 3, eingearbeitet bzw. eingefräst werden,
• II. in die auf diese Weise beidseitig mit Scharen von brettseitenflanken-parallelen Nuten (3) versehenen Bretter (2) danach im Winkel schräge Enden geschnitten werden und diese, schräg gekappte Enden aufweisenden, beidseitig genuteten (3) Bretter (2) im selben Winkel, seitlich aneinander liegend über eine weitere Zuführungsbahn (6') im (genannten) Winkel (α) zwischen zwei, die brettseitenflanken-parallelen Nuten (3) im Winkel kreuzende Nuten (3') schneidenden, beidseitig angeordneten Nuten-Fräswalzen (62, 62') hindurchgeführt werden,
• III. die auf diese Weise beidseitig mit einander kreuzenden Nuten (3, 3') versehenen Bretter (2) nach, beispielsweise punktweisem, Auftrag eines Klebers (K) in ihre seitlichen Nuten (202) und/oder auf ihre Federn (202') miteinander einer Schichten (01, 02; 01, 02) mit Scharen von schräg im Winkel zu ihrer Fortbewegungsrichtung in den Zuführungsbahn(en) angeordneten Brettern (2) seitlich aneinander gebunden werden, dass nachher
• IV. jeweils auf eine der Hauptflächen (205, 205') der aneinander zu bindenden Schichten ein Polymerkleber und auf deren jeweils andere Hauptfläche (205', 205) ein Polymerhärter aufgetragen wird, und danach
• V. die Schichten (01 bis 04) in einer der in den Ansprüchen 1 bis 9 beschriebenen spezifischen Anordnungen, insbesondere Anschluss-Nuten (102) und -Federn (102') ausbildend, entweder kongruent, oder vorzugsweise jeweils zumindest seitlich gegeneinander parallel verschoben, flächig aufeinander geschichtet und durch Druckausübung (P), beispielsweise

mittels (Hochdruck)-Presseinrichtung, unter Ausbildung der neuen Leichtbauplatte (100) miteinander flächig verklebend verpresst werden.The Fig. 7 shows - with otherwise constant reference numerals - schematically the particularly preferred within the scope of the invention, workload, steps and equipment-saving process variant for the production of the also particularly preferred new lightweight elements 100, as disclosed in claim 2, wherein it is provided that

• I. the for the production of the layers (01, 02, 03, 04) provided boards (2), parallel to the direction of a feed track (6) through this feed track (6) surface-smoothed in a single operation, in particular planed, in their Side flanks in each case form-fitting cooperable interlocking elements, namely spring (202 ') and groove, (202) incorporated and in their two-sided or two major surfaces (205, 205') each have a family of parallel and to the side edges (200, 200 ') of the boards (2) also in parallel extending, or the wood fiber course (vf) in the boards (2) correspondingly extending, grooves (3), or optionally with an approximately wave-like course over the width of the boards (2) different groove depths (tn) having grooves 3, incorporated or are milled
• II. In the thus provided in this way on both sides with flocks of board side edge parallel grooves (3) boards (2) are then cut at an angle oblique ends and having obliquely cut ends, both sides grooved (3) boards (2) in the same angle , laterally adjacent to one another via a further feed track (6 ') in the (mentioned) angle (α) between two groove milling drills (62, 62) intersecting grooves (3') crossing at an angle between the side edges of the board (3) ') are passed,
• III. the boards (2) provided in this way on both sides with intersecting grooves (3, 3 ') after, for example pointwise, application of an adhesive (K) in their lateral grooves (202) and / or on their springs (202') with each other Layers (01, 02, 01, 02) with sets of boards (2) arranged obliquely at an angle to their direction of movement in the feed path (s) are laterally bound together that later
• IV. On each of the major surfaces (205, 205 ') of the layers to be bonded to each other, a polymer adhesive and on the other major surface (205', 205), a polymer hardener is applied, and thereafter
• V. the layers (01 to 04) in one of the specific arrangements described in claims 1 to 9, in particular connecting grooves (102) and springs (102 ') forming, either congruent, or preferably at least laterally offset from each other in parallel, layered on top of each other and by applying pressure (P), for example

be pressed together by means of (high pressure) -Presseinrichtung, forming the new lightweight panel (100) with each other surface bonding.

• An die beiden Enden der einzelnen Abschnitte des Spannbandes 150 ist jeweils extrem jeweils ein Federgehäuse 90 gebunden, z.B. durch Nietung oder Schweißung. Zwischen den Gehäusen 90 ist jeweils eine mit einem Bolzen 94 mit Rechtsgewinde und mit einem Bolzen 94' mit Linksgewinde versehene, mit denselben einstückige Mittelmutter 95 angeordnet, und jeweils die Spannbolzen 94,94' sind in den beiden mit dem Gehäuse 90 verbundenen Spannmuttern 92 mit Rechts- und Linksgewinde 941, 942 schraubdrehbar und so können die im Federgehäuse 90 befindlichen Federn 93 das Spannband (150) mehr oder weniger spannen.

The Fig. 8 shows one of the possibilities for the construction of the clamping elements 9 of the clamping bands 150 with the help of the tensile force, which is individually adjustable about a building 10 via its edges and surfaces to exciting tension bands 150:

• At the two ends of the individual sections of the clamping band 150 each have a respective spring housing 90 each bound, for example by riveting or welding. Between the housings 90 is one with a bolt 94 with right-hand thread and a bolt 94 'provided with left-hand thread, arranged with the same one-piece center nut 95, and each of the clamping bolts 94,94' are in the two connected to the housing 90 clamping nuts 92 with Right and left-hand threads 941, 942 screw-threaded and so the springs 93 located in the spring housing 90, the tension band (150) more or less tension.

Fig. 9 shows a section of a layer 01 of the middle layer MI, wherein sections of two boards 2 on side edges 200, 200 'positively connected to groove 202 and spring 202' are connected. The boards 2 of this layer 01 are provided in both main surfaces 205 (205 ') each with a first and a second family of grooves 3, 3' intersecting at angles γ, the grooves of each group extending parallel to one another and preferably the distances and Widths of the grooves for each share each have a substantially constant value. In the illustrated embodiment, the first set of grooves 3 are aligned parallel to the side flanks 200, 200 'of the boards 2. The angle γ thus corresponds to an angle between the side edges 200, 200 'and the orientation of the second family of grooves 3'. In the illustrated embodiment, the angle γ = 10 °.

Between the grooves 3, 3 'islands 30 are formed with parallelogram-shaped surfaces. The size and in particular the length of these islands 30 depends on the distance between adjacent grooves 3, 3 'of each of the two shares and on the angle γ between the orientations of the two sets of grooves 3, 3'. With an angle γ decreasing by 90 °, the length of the islands 30 increases, with the angle between the orientation of the greatest length of the islands and the side flanks 200, 200 'decreasing. At small angles γ, for example at 10 °, the islands appear as web portions which extend approximately in the direction of the side flanks 200, 200 '. At predetermined groove intervals, a desired length of the web sections can be adjusted by the choice of the angle γ.

If the angle γ goes to 90 °, the islands become rectangular and the length and the width correspond to the distances between the grooves of each of the coulters. If the angle γ is changed from 90 ° to 100 °, then the rectangles change again into slightly oblong appearing parallelograms, where they opposite to the parallelograms at angles γ are formed in a mirror image at 90 °.

Fig. 10 shows black-colored connecting adhesive surfaces or adhesive bonds 30a which arise when the surfaces of two layers 01, 02 according to Fig. 9 are bonded to each other with adhesive at a predetermined, relative orientation, wherein the adhesive bonds 30a are drawn only where areas of islands 30 of the two layers 01, 02 are in contact with each other via the adhesive surfaces. The second layer 02 is rotated against the first layer 01 by an angle 2α, correspondingly lies between the side edges 202 of the first layer 01 and the side edges 202 of the second layer 02 and the angle 2α. The angle bisector drawn in at angle 2α corresponds to the axis A1, which runs parallel to the longitudinal side flanks of the lightweight building panel. Accordingly, the boards 2 of the first and the second layer 01, 02 are aligned at the first acute angle -α or + α to the axis A1, or to the longitudinal side flanks of the lightweight board. In the illustrated embodiment, the amount of the angle α = 52 ° and thus the angle between the boards 2 of both layers 01, 02 is 104 °.

The adhesive bonds 30a are narrow areas of the protruding islands 30. Between the directions of the largest lengths of the islands 30 of both layers 01, 02 is in the illustrated embodiment, an angle of 114 °. If the intersecting grooves 3 'of the first and of the second layer were set in opposition, ie once with γ = -10 ° and once with γ = + 10 ° to the corresponding side flanks 200, 200', then the greatest would be between the directions Lengths of the islands 30 of both layers 01, 02 an angle of 84 °. The directions of the largest lengths of the islands 30 of both layers 01, 02 can be chosen so that they are substantially perpendicular or transverse to each other. At the selected length, the islands 30 of the first layer 01 span substantially eight islands 30 of the second layer 02. The adhesive bonds 30a form together the islands of both layers 01, 02 a kind of connection grid whose connection lengths can be selected over the length of the islands 30 ,

Around the narrow adhesive bonds 30a in the short islands 30 or webs, there are the cavities formed by the grooves 3, 3 '. If bending forces act on the lightweight board, they do not lead to the sudden breaking of the lightweight board when it exceeds a limit of elasticity, but become local connected islands 30 in the compressible cavities of the grooves 3, 3 'transformed. These small internal transformations and breaks or entanglements can absorb a lot of energy without the lightweight panel breaking. Therefore, the lightweight panel still has a high remaining bending strength even after a high absorption of deformation energy and a concomitant large deflection. The aforementioned lattice structure can be selected via the angles γ, α and the groove distances so that they ensure a similar elasticity, stability and deformation behavior in all directions.

The Fig. 11a to 11e show boards 2 for three or five layers of a lightweight panel 100 according to Fig. 12 or 13. All boards 2 comprise a groove 202 and a spring 202 'on the respective side edges and thus for all layers of the lightweight panel 100. The boards 2 adjoining layers are each aligned at an angle 2α to each other.

Fig. 11 a and 11 e each show a board 2 for each outer surface of the lightweight board 100, said boards 2 only on the directed against the interior of the lightweight panel 100 main surface two intersecting flocks of grooves 3, 3 'include. A family of grooves 3 has a longitudinal extent substantially conforming to the course of the wood fibers or the side flanks of the boards 2. At their directed against the exterior of the lightweight panel 100 main surface, these boards 2 along both long side lines milled edge regions or chamfers 2a on.

Fig. 11b to 11d each show a board 2 for each layer of the central layer MI a lightweight panel 100. These boards 2 comprise on both major surfaces each two intersecting sets of grooves 3, 3 '. Depending on a set of grooves 3 has a with the course of the wood fibers, or the side edges of the boards 2 substantially compliant longitudinal extent.

The lightweight panel 100 according to Fig. 12 is made up of three and those according to Fig. 13 composed of five layers with the boards 2 described above. Accordingly, the middle layer MI comprises the lightweight panel according to Fig. 12 only one layer and those according to Fig. 13 three layers. The chamfers 2a run as small grooves obliquely to the longitudinal side edges of the lightweight components.

Claims (13)

1. A lightweight panel (100), comprising layers (01, 02, 03, 04) of a rectangular basic shape and bound to one another in a planar manner and each being formed from a multitude (20) of boards (2), wherein the boards (2) of each layer (01, 02, 03, 04) are laterally bound to one another at their lateral edges and each have a multitude of grooves, which are parallel to one another, on at least one main surface (205, 205'), the boards of a first and of a second layer (01, 02) are oriented at a first acute angle (+α, -α) of between 25 and 60° to the longitudinal lateral edges (200, 200') of the lightweight panel (100), the boards (2) of the first layer (01) are oriented to the boards (2) of the second layer (02) at an angle (2α) relative to one another, and the lightweight panel (100) in each case has at least one connection groove (102) at at least two longitudinal lateral edges (101, 101'), which are parallel to one another, and one connection spring groove (102'), which is able to cooperate with said lightweight panel in a positive manner, for a, positive connection of congenerous lightweight panels (100) on both sides, characterised in that the boards of at least one layer are laterally bound to one another in a positive manner at their lateral edges via groove (202) and spring (202'), and the boards (2) of at least one layer (01, 02), which is arranged in a central ply (MI), are on both sides (205, 205') or in both main surfaces (205, 205'), respectively, in each case provided with a first and a second multitude of grooves (3, 3'), which intersect one another at angles (γ) of between 5 and 100°, wherein the grooves of each multitude run parallel to one another.
2. The lightweight panel (100) according to claim 1, characterised in that at least one multitude of grooves (3 or 3') in the at least one layer (01, 02) of the central ply (MI) on each of the two board sides (205, 205') have a longitudinal extension, which is parallel to the two lateral edges (200, 200') of the boards (2) or which substantially follows the wood fibre orientation, respectively, and that this multitude of parallel grooves (3, 3') are in each case intersected by a multitude of further parallel grooves (3, 3') at an angle of between 5 and 50°, in particular of between 5 and 35°, wherein the further grooves (3' or 3) run parallel to one another on both board sides (205; 205').
3. The lightweight panel (100) according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that at least one further layer (03, 04) is in each case bound to the at least one layer (01, 02) of the central ply (MI) in a planar manner on both sides, wherein the laterally bound, elongated boards (2) are oriented at a second acute angle (-β, +β) to the longitudinal lateral edges (200, 200') of the lightweight panel (100) in the further layers (03, 04), and the second acute angle (-β) of the boards (2) of the layer (03), which is bound to the adjacent layer (01) of the central ply (MI), has a size, which is negative to the size of the first angle (α) of the boards (2) of this layer (01) and has a different or equal angle value.
4. The lightweight panel (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the lightweight panel (100) comprises a central ply comprising three layers (01, 02, 03).
5. The lightweight panel (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that at least two of the layers (01, 02, 03, 04) are bound to one another in a planar manner via an intermediate layer (001).
6. The lightweight panel (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the grooves (3, 3'), which intersect one another, of the boards (2), have the same distance from one another and/or have the same width and in each case enclose parallelogram-shaped islands (30) of the same size, wherein the overall surfaces taken up by the grooves (3) are present at a ratio of between 1 and 2 to between 2 and 1, preferably of between 1.25 and 11 to between 1 and 1.25 to the sum of the surfaces of the islands (30), and the grooves in particular have a rectangular cross section and are embodied with an equal or, if applicable, with a different depth.
7. The lightweight panel (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that, in the case of at least one outer surface of the lightweight panel, a layer of boards (2) is arranged, which comprise at least one multitude, but preferably two multitudes of grooves (3, 3'), which intersect one another at angles (γ) of between 5 and 100°, only on the main surface (205 or 205'), which is directed towards the interior of the lightweight panel (100), wherein these grooves (3) preferably have a longitudinal extension, which conforms substantially to the orientation of the wood fibres (vf) of the boards (2), and the boards (2) in particular comprise edge areas or chamfers, respectively, which are milled along both long lateral lines, on their main surface (205, 205'), which is directed against the exterior of the lightweight panel (100).
8. The lightweight panel (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterised in that the boards (2), which are laterally bound to one another, of at least one layer (01, 02, 03, 04) have a multitude of grooves (3 or 3'), which are parallel to one another, comprising different depths (tn), on at least one of their main surfaces (205 or 205'), wherein the groove bases thereof are preferably arranged substantially along a way line across the width of each of the boards (2).
9. The lightweight panel (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterised in that an outer layer or plate is arranged in the case of at least one outer surface of the lightweight panel (100), if applicable comprising a significantly smaller thickness than the thickness of the layers (01, 02) of the central ply, preferably of a natural insulating material, such as cork.
10. A use of lightweight panels (100) for building a house structure (10), characterised in that lightweight panels (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 9 are used, wherein they adjoin one another in a positive manner and are held together by means of connecting and clamping elements (9).
11. A method for producing a lightweight panel (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 9, in the case of which method layers (01, 02, 03, 04) of multitudes (20) of boards (2) are formed and are bound to one another in a planar manner, wherein a multitude of grooves, which are parallel to one another, are in each case milled to at least one main surface (205, 205') of the boards (2), the boards (2) of each layer (01, 02, 03, 04 ...) are laterally bound to one another on their lateral edges, the boards of a first and of a second layer (01, 02) are bound to one another in such a way that they are oriented at a first acute angle (+α, -α) of between 25 and 60° to the longitudinal lateral edges (200, 200') of the lightweight panel (100) and the boards (2) of the first layer (01) are oriented to the boards (2) of the second layer (02) at an angle (2α) relative to one another, and at least one connection groove (102) and one connection spring (102'), which is able to cooperate therewith in a positive manner, for a positive connection of congenerous lightweight panels (100) on both sides are in each case embodied on the lightweight panel (100) on at least two longitudinal lateral edges (101, 10'), which are parallel to one another, characterised in that the boards of at least one layer are laterally bound to one another in a positive manner on their side edges via groove (202) and spring (202'), and the boards (2) of at least one layer (01, 02), which is arranged in a central ply (MI), are on both sides (205, 205') or in both main surfaces (205, 205'), respectively, in each case provided with a first and a second multitude of grooves (3, 3'), which intersect one another at angles (γ) of between 5 and 100°, wherein the grooves of each multitude run parallel to one another.
12. The method according to claim 11, characterised in that

    - I. the individual boards are smoothed or planed, respectively, on the surface and are provided with groove (202) and spring (202'), which can cooperate in a positive manner, on their two lateral edges (200, 200'), that

    - IIa. a multitude of boards (2), which laterally adjoin one another and which are embodied diagonally at a positive angle to the longitudinal orientation of a delivery path (6), and which are in each case provided with the lateral edge positive elements (202, 202'), is then guided continuously through a groove milling device (61) comprising two rotary grinders (62, 62'), which cut, preferably simultaneously, diagonal grooves (3), which are parallel to one another, into both main surfaces (205, 205') of the boards (2), that

    - IIb. the boards (2), which are provided on both sides with multitudes of diagonal grooves (3), which are parallel to one another, in this manner, are then guided again through the same or through another connection delivery path (6') also located laterally adjacent to one another, but at a negative or reversed angle, respectively, of the same size, between two rotary groove grinders (62, 62') - which cut multitudes of different diagonal grooves (3'), which intersect the grooves (3), which were cut first and which are parallel to one another, that

    - III. the boards (2), which are provided on both sides with grooves (3, 3'), which intersect one another, in this manner, are laterally bound to one another after, for example pointwise, application of an adhesive (K) in their lateral grooves (202) and/or to their springs (202') to form a layer (04, 02, 01, 03) comprising multitudes of boards (2), which are arranged in the delivery path(s) in a positive or negative manner, diagonally at the angle to the direction of movement thereof, and a preferably straight longitudinal trimming (7) of the visible edges on both sides and a cutting-to-length (7') to the individual layers (01 to 04), which have the desired shapes with lengthwise rectangular basic shape of the lightweight panel (100), is then carried out, e.g. in a broader guide track (60), whereafter

    - IV. a polymer adhesive (PK) is in each case applied to one of the main surfaces (205, 205') of the layers (01 to 04), which are to be bound to one another, and a polymer hardener (Ph) is applied to the respective other main surface (205', 205) thereof,

    - V. the layers (01 to 04), which are prepared in this manner, in one of the specific configurations described in claims 1 to 9, are then pressed with one another in a planar adhesive manner, in particular forming connection grooves (102) and springs (102'), either congruently or preferably in each case at least laterally shifted parallel to one another, being stacked on top of one another in a planar manner, and by exerting a pressure (P), for example by means of a (high pressure) pressing device, by embodying the new lightweight panel (100).
13. The method according to claim 11, characterised in that

    - I. the boards (2), which are provided for the production of the layers (01, 02, 03, 04), are guided parallel to the direction of a delivery path (6) through said delivery path (6), positive elements, namely spring (202') and groove (202), which in each case can cooperate in a positive manner, are incorporated in a single process in a surface-smoothed, in particular planed manner, into their lateral edges, and a multitude of grooves (3), which are parallel to one another and which also run parallel to the lateral edges of the boards (2) or which run so as to correspond to the wood fibre orientation (vf) in the boards (2), respectively, if applicable comprising an approximately wave-like course across the width of the boards (2) and having different groove depths (tn), are incorporated or milled, respectively, into their bilateral or both main surfaces (205, 205'), respectively,

    - II. diagonal ends are then cut at an angle into the boards (2), which are provided in this manner with multitudes of grooves (3), which are parallel on the lateral edges of the boards, and the boards (2), which have the ends, which are capped diagonally in this manner and which are riveted (3) on both sides, are guided through between two groove rotary grinders (62, 62') arranged on both sides, which cut the grooves (3'), which intersect the grooves (3), which are parallel to the lateral edges of the boards, at an angle, laterally adjacent to one another at the same angle, across a further delivery path (6') at the (mentioned) angle (α),

    - III. the boards (2), which are provided on both sides with grooves (3, 3'), which intersect one another, in this manner, are laterally bound to one another to form the layers (01, 02) after, for example pointwise, application of an adhesive (K) in their lateral grooves (202) and/or to their springs (202') to form a layer (01, 02; 01, 02) comprising multitudes of boards (2), which are arranged in the delivery path(s) diagonally at the angle to the direction of movement thereof , that

    - IV. a polymer adhesive (PK) is then in each case applied to one of the main surfaces (205, 205') of the layers, which are to be bound to one another, and a polymer hardener (Ph) is applied to the respective other main surface (205', 205) thereof,

    - V. the layers (01, 02, 03, 04), which are prepared in this manner, in one of the specific arrangement described in claims 1 to 9, are then pressed with one another in a planar adhesive manner, in particular forming connection grooves (102) and springs (102'), either congruently or preferably in each case at least laterally shifted parallel to one another, being stacked on top of one another in a planar manner, and by exerting a pressure (P), for example by means of a (high pressure) pressing device, by embodying the new lightweight panel (100).

Images