DE2805826A1 - Verbesserte pfropfverfahren - Google Patents
Verbesserte pfropfverfahrenInfo
- Publication number
- DE2805826A1 DE2805826A1 DE19782805826 DE2805826A DE2805826A1 DE 2805826 A1 DE2805826 A1 DE 2805826A1 DE 19782805826 DE19782805826 DE 19782805826 DE 2805826 A DE2805826 A DE 2805826A DE 2805826 A1 DE2805826 A1 DE 2805826A1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- weight
- base polymer
- parts
- grafting
- vinylimidazole
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 20
- 229920005601 base polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 30
- WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidone Chemical compound C=CN1CCCC1=O WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- OSSNTDFYBPYIEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenylimidazole Chemical compound C=CN1C=CN=C1 OSSNTDFYBPYIEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 150000003951 lactams Chemical class 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000001236 detergent effect Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000005397 methacrylic acid ester group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003879 lubricant additive Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920000089 Cyclic olefin copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M Methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C([O-])=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical class C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical class CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002734 metacrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 125000003158 alcohol group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229920000578 graft copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 description 2
- -1 unsaturated nitrogen-containing organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- JHYYINIEKJKMDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenyl-3,3-dimethylpyrrolidin-2-one Chemical compound CC1(C)CCN(C=C)C1=O JHYYINIEKJKMDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JFUWJIKJUNAHEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenyl-3-ethylpyrrolidin-2-one Chemical compound CCC1CCN(C=C)C1=O JFUWJIKJUNAHEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UBPXWZDJZFZKGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenyl-3-methylpyrrolidin-2-one Chemical compound CC1CCN(C=C)C1=O UBPXWZDJZFZKGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LWWJIQWIJBMGKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenyl-4-methylpyrrolidin-2-one Chemical compound CC1CN(C=C)C(=O)C1 LWWJIQWIJBMGKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IXUHPUSIYSUGNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenyl-5,5-dimethylpyrrolidin-2-one Chemical compound CC1(C)CCC(=O)N1C=C IXUHPUSIYSUGNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UUJDYNPZEYGKOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenyl-5-ethyl-5-methylpyrrolidin-2-one Chemical compound CCC1(C)CCC(=O)N1C=C UUJDYNPZEYGKOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HQGPZXPTJWUDQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenyl-5-methylpyrrolidin-2-one Chemical compound CC1CCC(=O)N1C=C HQGPZXPTJWUDQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JWYVGKFDLWWQJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenylazepan-2-one Chemical compound C=CN1CCCCCC1=O JWYVGKFDLWWQJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GOXQRTZXKQZDDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Ethylhexyl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)C=C GOXQRTZXKQZDDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GLLAFCHUFGZONA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-butyl-1-ethenylpyrrolidin-2-one Chemical compound CCCCC1CCN(C=C)C1=O GLLAFCHUFGZONA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QISOBCMNUJQOJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-bromo-1h-pyrazole-5-carboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C=1NN=CC=1Br QISOBCMNUJQOJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Natural products OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isobutene Chemical group CC(C)=C VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005250 alkyl acrylate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012459 cleaning agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008394 flocculating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002391 heterocyclic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000002883 imidazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003949 imides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 1
- LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N itaconic acid Chemical class OC(=O)CC(=C)C(O)=O LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FQPSGWSUVKBHSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N methacrylamide Chemical compound CC(=C)C(N)=O FQPSGWSUVKBHSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005395 methacrylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002959 polymer blend Polymers 0.000 description 1
- HNJBEVLQSNELDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrrolidin-2-one Chemical compound O=C1CCCN1 HNJBEVLQSNELDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001302 tertiary amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002966 varnish Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M149/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
- C10M149/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M149/10—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a nitrogen-containing hetero ring
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F255/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers of hydrocarbons as defined in group C08F10/00
- C08F255/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers of hydrocarbons as defined in group C08F10/00 on to polymers of olefins having two or three carbon atoms
- C08F255/04—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers of hydrocarbons as defined in group C08F10/00 on to polymers of olefins having two or three carbon atoms on to ethene-propene copolymers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F265/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers of unsaturated monocarboxylic acids or derivatives thereof as defined in group C08F20/00
- C08F265/04—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers of unsaturated monocarboxylic acids or derivatives thereof as defined in group C08F20/00 on to polymers of esters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2217/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2217/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained from nitrogen containing monomers by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2217/028—Macromolecular compounds obtained from nitrogen containing monomers by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a nitrogen-containing hetero ring
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2217/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2217/06—Macromolecular compounds obtained by functionalisation op polymers with a nitrogen containing compound
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
- Graft Or Block Polymers (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
Priority Applications (7)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19782805826 DE2805826A1 (de) | 1978-02-11 | 1978-02-11 | Verbesserte pfropfverfahren |
| FR7900041A FR2416941A1 (fr) | 1978-02-11 | 1979-01-02 | Procede de preparation d'additifs ameliorant l'indice de viscosite des huiles lubrifiantes |
| GB7903309A GB2015547B (en) | 1978-02-11 | 1979-01-31 | Process for the preparation of graft polymers |
| US06/008,395 US4281081A (en) | 1978-02-11 | 1979-02-01 | Process for graft copolymerization |
| JP1191579A JPS54117592A (en) | 1978-02-11 | 1979-02-06 | Production of viscosity index enhancing lubricant additive with dispersing and cleaning activity |
| BE193378A BE874068A (fr) | 1978-02-11 | 1979-02-09 | Procede de greffage et produits ainsi obtenus |
| US06/216,257 US4338418A (en) | 1978-02-11 | 1980-12-15 | Process for graft copolymerization |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19782805826 DE2805826A1 (de) | 1978-02-11 | 1978-02-11 | Verbesserte pfropfverfahren |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE2805826A1 true DE2805826A1 (de) | 1979-08-23 |
| DE2805826C2 DE2805826C2 (US20100268047A1-20101021-C00003.png) | 1987-05-14 |
Family
ID=6031717
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19782805826 Granted DE2805826A1 (de) | 1978-02-11 | 1978-02-11 | Verbesserte pfropfverfahren |
Country Status (6)
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4937302A (en) * | 1988-02-05 | 1990-06-26 | Rohm Gmbh | Method for separating methanol-methyl methacrylate mixtures |
| EP0691355A2 (de) | 1994-07-04 | 1996-01-10 | Röhm Gmbh | Dispergierwirksame Cooligomere und Copolymere |
Families Citing this family (19)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0029622B1 (en) * | 1979-11-16 | 1984-07-25 | Shell Internationale Researchmaatschappij B.V. | Modified hydrogenated star-shaped polymer, its preparation and a lubricating oil composition containing the polymer |
| US4620048A (en) * | 1980-03-26 | 1986-10-28 | Exxon Research & Engineering Co. | Hydrocarbon solutions of macromolecular polymers having an improved resistance to mechanical degradation |
| JPS58104999A (ja) * | 1981-12-18 | 1983-06-22 | Kao Corp | 水分散型金属圧延油組成物 |
| EP0199453A3 (en) * | 1985-04-24 | 1988-04-13 | Texaco Development Corporation | Hydrocarbon compositions containing polyolefin graft polymers |
| US4640788A (en) * | 1985-04-29 | 1987-02-03 | Texaco Inc. | Hydrocarbon compositions containing polyolefin graft polymers |
| CA2013891C (en) * | 1989-04-18 | 2003-01-14 | Joseph M. Bollinger | Dispersant polymethacrylate viscosity index improvers |
| DE3930142A1 (de) * | 1989-09-09 | 1991-03-21 | Roehm Gmbh | Dispergierwirksame viskositaets-index-verbesserer |
| US5663126A (en) * | 1994-10-21 | 1997-09-02 | Castrol Limited | Polar grafted polyolefins, methods for their manufacture, and lubricating oil compositions containing them |
| US5821313A (en) | 1995-06-19 | 1998-10-13 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Dispersant-viscosity improvers for lubricating oil compositions |
| US5969068A (en) | 1995-06-19 | 1999-10-19 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Dispersant-viscosity improvers for lubricating oil compositions |
| US6083888A (en) * | 1997-09-16 | 2000-07-04 | Shell Oil Company | Dispersant viscosity index improvers |
| US6124249A (en) * | 1998-12-22 | 2000-09-26 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Viscosity improvers for lubricating oil compositions |
| JP4920846B2 (ja) * | 1999-09-17 | 2012-04-18 | ザ ルブリゾル コーポレイション | 潤滑油組成物のための分散剤−粘性改善剤 |
| US6472353B1 (en) | 2000-09-14 | 2002-10-29 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Dispersant-viscosity improvers for lubricating oil compositions |
| WO2009003492A1 (en) | 2007-07-03 | 2009-01-08 | Dako Denmark A/S | Mhc multimers, methods for their generation, labeling and use |
| DE102007025604A1 (de) | 2007-05-31 | 2008-12-04 | Evonik Rohmax Additives Gmbh | Verbesserte Polymerdispersionen |
| US10611818B2 (en) | 2007-09-27 | 2020-04-07 | Agilent Technologies, Inc. | MHC multimers in tuberculosis diagnostics, vaccine and therapeutics |
| DE102010041242A1 (de) | 2010-09-23 | 2012-03-29 | Evonik Rohmax Additives Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Polymerdispersionen |
| JP2022155080A (ja) * | 2021-03-30 | 2022-10-13 | 出光興産株式会社 | 潤滑油組成物 |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB963771A (en) * | 1961-03-23 | 1964-07-15 | Grace W R & Co | Improvements in the production of grafted copolymers |
Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3089832A (en) * | 1955-12-01 | 1963-05-14 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Polymeric lubricating oil additives |
| NL239388A (US20100268047A1-20101021-C00003.png) * | 1958-05-22 | |||
| NL6903485A (US20100268047A1-20101021-C00003.png) * | 1968-01-23 | 1970-09-08 | Roehm & Haas Gmbh | |
| US3404091A (en) * | 1966-03-21 | 1968-10-01 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Oleaginous compositions |
| US3506574A (en) * | 1967-03-20 | 1970-04-14 | Rohm & Haas | Lubricating oils and fuels containing graft copolymers |
| FR2293485A1 (fr) * | 1974-12-03 | 1976-07-02 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Compositions lubrifiantes ameliorees par l'addition de copolymeres greffes |
| US4092255A (en) * | 1974-12-12 | 1978-05-30 | Entreprise De Recherches Et D'activites Petrolieres (E.R.A.P.) | Novel lubricating compositions containing nitrogen containing hydrocarbon backbone polymeric additives |
| CA1088694A (en) * | 1975-07-31 | 1980-10-28 | Robert L. Stambaugh | Polyolefin grafted with polymers of nitrogen containing monomers and lubricants and fuel compositions containing same |
| US4098710A (en) * | 1976-04-26 | 1978-07-04 | Exxon Research & Engineering Co. | Oil-soluble addition products of an ethylene-propylene copolymer and anionically polymerizable monomer having utility as multifunctional V.I. improver for lubricating oils |
-
1978
- 1978-02-11 DE DE19782805826 patent/DE2805826A1/de active Granted
-
1979
- 1979-01-02 FR FR7900041A patent/FR2416941A1/fr active Granted
- 1979-01-31 GB GB7903309A patent/GB2015547B/en not_active Expired
- 1979-02-01 US US06/008,395 patent/US4281081A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1979-02-06 JP JP1191579A patent/JPS54117592A/ja active Granted
- 1979-02-09 BE BE193378A patent/BE874068A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1980
- 1980-12-15 US US06/216,257 patent/US4338418A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB963771A (en) * | 1961-03-23 | 1964-07-15 | Grace W R & Co | Improvements in the production of grafted copolymers |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4937302A (en) * | 1988-02-05 | 1990-06-26 | Rohm Gmbh | Method for separating methanol-methyl methacrylate mixtures |
| EP0691355A2 (de) | 1994-07-04 | 1996-01-10 | Röhm Gmbh | Dispergierwirksame Cooligomere und Copolymere |
| US5712359A (en) * | 1994-07-04 | 1998-01-27 | Roehm Gmbh Chemische Fabrik | Co-oligomers and copolymers having dispersant activity |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE2805826C2 (US20100268047A1-20101021-C00003.png) | 1987-05-14 |
| GB2015547A (en) | 1979-09-12 |
| GB2015547B (en) | 1982-08-11 |
| JPH0160079B2 (US20100268047A1-20101021-C00003.png) | 1989-12-20 |
| FR2416941A1 (fr) | 1979-09-07 |
| US4281081A (en) | 1981-07-28 |
| BE874068A (fr) | 1979-05-29 |
| US4338418A (en) | 1982-07-06 |
| FR2416941B1 (US20100268047A1-20101021-C00003.png) | 1983-12-16 |
| JPS54117592A (en) | 1979-09-12 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| OAP | Request for examination filed | ||
| OD | Request for examination | ||
| D2 | Grant after examination | ||
| 8364 | No opposition during term of opposition |