DE2760408C2 - Heizstreifen und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung - Google Patents
Heizstreifen und Verfahren zu seiner HerstellungInfo
- Publication number
- DE2760408C2 DE2760408C2 DE2760408A DE2760408A DE2760408C2 DE 2760408 C2 DE2760408 C2 DE 2760408C2 DE 2760408 A DE2760408 A DE 2760408A DE 2760408 A DE2760408 A DE 2760408A DE 2760408 C2 DE2760408 C2 DE 2760408C2
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- electrodes
- polymer mass
- mass
- electrode
- temperature
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002322 conducting polymer Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 9
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 5
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000006855 networking Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011231 conductive filler Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 Polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010382 chemical cross-linking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002596 correlated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009969 flowable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001179 medium density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004701 medium-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoroethene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)F BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001771 vacuum deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004073 vulcanization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/10—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01C—RESISTORS
- H01C7/00—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material
- H01C7/02—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material having positive temperature coefficient
- H01C7/027—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material having positive temperature coefficient consisting of conducting or semi-conducting material dispersed in a non-conductive organic material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/10—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
- H05B3/12—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material
- H05B3/14—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material the material being non-metallic
- H05B3/145—Carbon only, e.g. carbon black, graphite
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/10—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
- H05B3/12—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material
- H05B3/14—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material the material being non-metallic
- H05B3/146—Conductive polymers, e.g. polyethylene, thermoplastics
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/40—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes
- H05B3/54—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes flexible
- H05B3/56—Heating cables
- H05B3/565—Heating cables flat cables
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/002—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements
- H05B2203/006—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements using interdigitated electrodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/011—Heaters using laterally extending conductive material as connecting means
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/013—Heaters using resistive films or coatings
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/017—Manufacturing methods or apparatus for heaters
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/02—Heaters using heating elements having a positive temperature coefficient
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2214/00—Aspects relating to resistive heating, induction heating and heating using microwaves, covered by groups H05B3/00, H05B6/00
- H05B2214/04—Heating means manufactured by using nanotechnology
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Resistance Heating (AREA)
Description
- 1. einem langgestreckten Kern aus einer schmelzextrudierten leitfähigen Polymermasse mit PTC-Verhalten, die einen spezifischen Widerstand von weniger als 50 000 Ohm × cm bei 21°C aufweist, und die Ruß dispergiert in einem kristallinen Polymer enthält,
- 2. zwei langgestreckten Elektroden, die in diese Polymermasse parallel zueinander eingebettet sind und
- 3. einer Außenschicht aus einer Schutz- und Isoliermasse,
- 1. einem langgestreckten Kern aus einer schmelzextrudierten leitfähigen Polymermasse mit PTC-Verhalten, die einen spezifischen elektrischen Widerstand von weniger als 50 000 Ohm × cm bei 21°C aufweist, und die Ruß dispergiert in einem kristallinen Polymeren enthält,
- 2. zwei langgestreckte Elektroden, die in die Polymermasse parallel zueinander eingebettet sind, und
- 3. einer Außenschicht aus einer Schutz- und Isoliermasse,
- a) die Polymermasse auf eine Temperatur (Tp) erwärmt wird, die oberhalb der Temperatur (Tm) liegt, bei der die Polymermasse zu schmelzen beginnt,
- b) die Polymermasse über die Elektroden schmelzextrudiert wird und
- c) die Polymermasse und die Elektroden anschließend abgekühlt werden,
- d) die Polymermasse mehr als 15 Gew.-% Ruß enthält,
- e) vor dem Abkühlen auch die Elektroden auf eine Temperatur (Te) über der Temperatur (Tm) erwärmt werden und
- f) Elektroden und Polymermasse bis zu 5 Minuten oberhalb von Tm in Berührung miteinander gehalten werden, bis ein Linearitätsverhältnis zwischen den Elektroden von höchstens 1,2 erreicht ist.
Claims (9)
- 1) einem langgestreckten Kern aus einer schmelzextrudierten leitfähigen Polymermasse mit PTC-Verhalten, die einen spezifischen Widerstand von weniger als 50 000 Ohm × cm bei 21°C aufweist, und die Ruß dispergiert in einem kristallinen Polymer enthält,
- 2) zwei langgestreckten Elektroden, die in diese Polymermasse parallel zueinander eingebettet sind und
- 3) einer Außenschicht aus einer Schutz- und Isoliermasse,
- 1. einem langgestreckten Kern aus einer schmelzextrudierten leitfähigen Polymermasse mit PTC-Verhalten, die einen spezifischen elektrischen Widerstand von weniger als 50 000 Ohm × cm bei 21°C aufweist, und die Ruß dispergiert in einem kristallinen Polymeren enthält,
- 2. zwei langgestreckten Elektroden, die in die Polymermasse parallel zueinander eingebettet sind, und
- 3. einer Außenschicht aus einer Schutz- und Isoliermasse,
- a) die Polymermasse auf eine Temperatur (Tp) erwärmt wird, die oberhalb der Temperatur (Tm) liegt, bei der die Polymermasse zu schmelzen beginnt,
- b) die Polymermasse über die Elektroden schmelzextrudiert wird und
- c) die Polymermasse und die Elektroden anschließend abgekühlt werden,
- d) die Polymermasse mehr als 15 Gew.-% Ruß enthält,
- e) vor dem Abkühlen auch die Elektroden auf eine Temperatur (Te) über der Temperatur (Tm) erwärmt werden und
- f) Elektroden und Polymermasse bis zu 5 Minuten oberhalb von Tm in Berührung miteinander gehalten werden, bis ein Linearitätsverhältnis zwischen den Elektroden von höchstens 1,2 erreicht ist.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE2760471A DE2760471C2 (de) | 1976-12-13 | 1977-12-10 | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer aus einer Elektrode und einer elektrisch leitfähigen Polymermasse bestehenden elektrischen Vorrichtung |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US75014976A | 1976-12-13 | 1976-12-13 | |
DE2760471A DE2760471C2 (de) | 1976-12-13 | 1977-12-10 | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer aus einer Elektrode und einer elektrisch leitfähigen Polymermasse bestehenden elektrischen Vorrichtung |
DE19772755077 DE2755077A1 (de) | 1976-12-13 | 1977-12-10 | Elektrische vorrichtungen mit leitfaehigen polymermassen |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE2760408C2 true DE2760408C2 (de) | 1996-04-04 |
Family
ID=27187391
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE2760408A Expired - Lifetime DE2760408C2 (de) | 1976-12-13 | 1977-12-10 | Heizstreifen und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
DE (1) | DE2760408C2 (de) |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB828334A (en) * | 1956-10-30 | 1960-02-17 | British Insulated Callenders | Improvements in or relating to electrically conductive non-metallic materials |
DE2345303A1 (de) * | 1972-09-08 | 1974-04-18 | Raychem Corp | Verfahren zur herstellung von elektrischen widerstandskoerpern mit positivem, nicht-linearem widerstandskoeffizienten |
DE2364947A1 (de) * | 1972-12-29 | 1974-07-25 | Raychem Corp | Elektrischer widerstandskoerper |
-
1977
- 1977-12-10 DE DE2760408A patent/DE2760408C2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB828334A (en) * | 1956-10-30 | 1960-02-17 | British Insulated Callenders | Improvements in or relating to electrically conductive non-metallic materials |
DE2345303A1 (de) * | 1972-09-08 | 1974-04-18 | Raychem Corp | Verfahren zur herstellung von elektrischen widerstandskoerpern mit positivem, nicht-linearem widerstandskoeffizienten |
US3861029A (en) * | 1972-09-08 | 1975-01-21 | Raychem Corp | Method of making heater cable |
DE2364947A1 (de) * | 1972-12-29 | 1974-07-25 | Raychem Corp | Elektrischer widerstandskoerper |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
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8139 | Disposal/non-payment of the annual fee | ||
8170 | Reinstatement of the former position | ||
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Owner name: RAYCHEM CORP. (N.D.GES.D.STAATES DELAWARE), MENLO |
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