DE2750606A1 - Verfahren zur herstellung von reaktiven metallen und legierungen - Google Patents
Verfahren zur herstellung von reaktiven metallen und legierungenInfo
- Publication number
- DE2750606A1 DE2750606A1 DE19772750606 DE2750606A DE2750606A1 DE 2750606 A1 DE2750606 A1 DE 2750606A1 DE 19772750606 DE19772750606 DE 19772750606 DE 2750606 A DE2750606 A DE 2750606A DE 2750606 A1 DE2750606 A1 DE 2750606A1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- circulating material
- electrode
- titanium
- chips
- alloy
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 63
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims description 63
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 60
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 37
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims description 37
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims description 34
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 30
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 title description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 56
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 claims description 42
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 36
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012768 molten material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 3
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 32
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 29
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000002706 hydrostatic effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 5
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 4
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007885 magnetic separation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000006148 magnetic separator Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007514 turning Methods 0.000 description 3
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010309 melting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanium tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Ti](Cl)(Cl)Cl XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000001674 Agaricus brunnescens Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000094111 Parthenolecanium persicae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000270295 Serpentes Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OLBVUFHMDRJKTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N].[O] Chemical compound [N].[O] OLBVUFHMDRJKTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002173 cutting fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005453 pelletization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000020030 perry Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005488 sandblasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000008113 selfheal Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910021332 silicide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021654 trace metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
- C22B7/001—Dry processes
- C22B7/003—Dry processes only remelting, e.g. of chips, borings, turnings; apparatus used therefor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C14/00—Alloys based on titanium
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US05/740,788 US4108644A (en) | 1976-11-11 | 1976-11-11 | Manufacture of reactive metals and alloys |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE2750606A1 true DE2750606A1 (de) | 1978-05-24 |
| DE2750606C2 DE2750606C2 (https=) | 1988-03-17 |
Family
ID=24978072
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19772750606 Granted DE2750606A1 (de) | 1976-11-11 | 1977-11-11 | Verfahren zur herstellung von reaktiven metallen und legierungen |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4108644A (https=) |
| JP (1) | JPS5373402A (https=) |
| DE (1) | DE2750606A1 (https=) |
| FR (1) | FR2370796A1 (https=) |
| GB (1) | GB1564257A (https=) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5311655A (en) * | 1990-10-05 | 1994-05-17 | Bohler Edelstahl Gmbh | Method of manufacturing titanium-aluminum base alloys |
Families Citing this family (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4849013A (en) * | 1986-06-05 | 1989-07-18 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Combined electron beam and vacuum arc melting for barrier tube shell material |
| DE3785605T2 (de) * | 1986-06-05 | 1993-08-12 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Verfahren zum herstellen von huellmaterial durch kombiniertes umschmelzen mit elektronenstrahlen und vakuum-lichtbogen. |
| US4816214A (en) * | 1987-10-22 | 1989-03-28 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Ultra slow EB melting to reduce reactor cladding |
| US4814136A (en) * | 1987-10-28 | 1989-03-21 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Process for the control of liner impurities and light water reactor cladding |
| US4849016A (en) * | 1987-12-18 | 1989-07-18 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Combined ultra slow electron beam and vacuum arc melting for barrier tube shell material |
| US5273102A (en) * | 1991-06-05 | 1993-12-28 | General Electric Company | Method and apparatus for casting an electron beam melted metallic material in ingot form |
| US5788736A (en) * | 1996-07-01 | 1998-08-04 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Recovery of titanium values from titanium grinding swarf by electric furnace smelting |
| WO2002029125A1 (fr) * | 2000-10-02 | 2002-04-11 | Nikko Materials Company, Limited | Zirconium ou hafnium extremement purs, cible de pulverisation composee de ce zirconium ou hafnium extremement purs, couche mince obtenue au moyen de cette cible, procede de preparation de zirconium ou de hafnium extremement purs et procede de fabrication d'une poudre de zirconium ou de hafnium extremement purs |
| JP4280539B2 (ja) * | 2002-06-07 | 2009-06-17 | 東邦チタニウム株式会社 | チタン合金の製造方法 |
| US20060045789A1 (en) * | 2004-09-02 | 2006-03-02 | Coastcast Corporation | High strength low cost titanium and method for making same |
| JP5729816B2 (ja) * | 2011-06-18 | 2015-06-03 | 東邦チタニウム株式会社 | 金属製造用溶解原料およびこれを用いた金属の溶解方法 |
| JP5694068B2 (ja) * | 2011-06-18 | 2015-04-01 | 東邦チタニウム株式会社 | 金属製造用溶解原料およびこれを用いた金属の溶解方法 |
| CN107971707B (zh) * | 2017-12-01 | 2019-07-16 | 贵研资源（易门）有限公司 | 高纯标准钯锭的制备方法 |
| US12252761B2 (en) | 2018-12-12 | 2025-03-18 | Co.Fer.M S.P.A. | System and process for the recovery of titanium, titanium alloy, zirconium and zirconium alloy scrap |
| IT201800011004A1 (it) | 2018-12-12 | 2020-06-12 | Gianluca Galeazzi | Impianto e procedimento per il recupero di tornitura di titanio e leghe di titanio o di zirconio e leghe di zirconio. |
| LU505288B1 (en) | 2023-10-16 | 2025-04-22 | Metalloy Metalle Legierungen Gmbh | Processing device for shavings and method for processing shavings |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3646175A (en) * | 1970-09-21 | 1972-02-29 | Rmi Co | Method and apparatus for converting miscellaneous pieces of reactive metals to a usable form |
| US3933473A (en) * | 1973-10-19 | 1976-01-20 | Airco, Inc. | Method for recovering a usable alloy from titanium scrap |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2813921A (en) * | 1954-05-10 | 1957-11-19 | Rem Cru Titanium Inc | Consumable electrode for melting of chemically reactive metals |
| FR1411991A (fr) * | 1964-09-17 | 1965-09-24 | Suedwestfalen Ag Stahlwerke | Procédé et dispositif pour la fusion et la coulée sous vide d'aciers ou d'alliages analogues à l'acier super-alliages |
| US3338706A (en) * | 1965-03-11 | 1967-08-29 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Metal processing method and resulting product |
| DE1814471A1 (de) * | 1968-12-13 | 1970-06-25 | Diehl Fa | Verfahren und Einrichtung zum Einschmelzen feinstueckiger,spaeniger oder pulverfoermiger Metallabfaelle |
| JPS571944B2 (https=) * | 1972-06-26 | 1982-01-13 | ||
| DE2424958C2 (de) * | 1974-05-22 | 1983-01-13 | Leybold-Heraeus GmbH, 5000 Köln | Verfahren zur Rückgewinnung von Metallanteilen aus dem Schleifstaub hochwertiger Metalle und Legierungen und Abschmelzelektrode zur Durchführung des Verfahrens |
-
1976
- 1976-11-11 US US05/740,788 patent/US4108644A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1977
- 1977-10-25 GB GB44354/77A patent/GB1564257A/en not_active Expired
- 1977-11-10 FR FR7733861A patent/FR2370796A1/fr active Granted
- 1977-11-11 DE DE19772750606 patent/DE2750606A1/de active Granted
- 1977-11-11 JP JP13556177A patent/JPS5373402A/ja active Granted
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3646175A (en) * | 1970-09-21 | 1972-02-29 | Rmi Co | Method and apparatus for converting miscellaneous pieces of reactive metals to a usable form |
| US3933473A (en) * | 1973-10-19 | 1976-01-20 | Airco, Inc. | Method for recovering a usable alloy from titanium scrap |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5311655A (en) * | 1990-10-05 | 1994-05-17 | Bohler Edelstahl Gmbh | Method of manufacturing titanium-aluminum base alloys |
| AT399513B (de) * | 1990-10-05 | 1995-05-26 | Boehler Edelstahl | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur herstellung von metallischen legierungen für vormaterialien, bauteile, werkstücke oder dergleichen aus titan-aluminium-basislegierungen |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE2750606C2 (https=) | 1988-03-17 |
| JPS6131171B2 (https=) | 1986-07-18 |
| FR2370796A1 (fr) | 1978-06-09 |
| GB1564257A (en) | 1980-04-02 |
| US4108644A (en) | 1978-08-22 |
| FR2370796B1 (https=) | 1984-06-29 |
| JPS5373402A (en) | 1978-06-29 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 8110 | Request for examination paragraph 44 | ||
| D2 | Grant after examination | ||
| 8363 | Opposition against the patent | ||
| 8365 | Fully valid after opposition proceedings | ||
| 8339 | Ceased/non-payment of the annual fee |