DE2712279C2 - Device for the heat treatment of items to be treated, such as cast strands and bars, as well as blocks, rods, tubes and the like. In particular made of aluminum or magnesium alloys - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a device for the heat treatment of material to be treated with the features of the preamble of claim 1.

There is a device of this type known (DE-OS 23 49 765), with which compared to conventional devices can achieve several advantages:

Through the individual treatment of the goods, i. H. the treatment not; of pack-like batches, rather of long single strands or groups of shorter bars, one behind the other, is one largely consistent quality is ensured because every single strand or bar is the same Finds warming and holding conditions. The short warm-up time and the independent control of the Transport devices in and between the ovens enable flexible coordination of the heating and the warming phase on each other.

Because of the large heating capacity of the heating furnace and the increased throughput, the ratio is of investment costs / u production capacity at the known device low Finally, a continuous flow of material is made possible. All of this leads compared to a considerable rationalization effect to usual facilities

The invention is now based on the object, the known device with a view to increased Uniformity of the quality of the material properties. Maintaining the geometric shape of the property as well as increased profitability.

To solve this problem are in a device of the type mentioned according to the invention Features of the characterizing part of claim 1 are provided.

As a result of the controlled rotation of the separated good about its longitudinal axis, which is realized according to the invention The uniformity of quality is therefore improved in both the holding furnace and at the cooling station, because the temperature affects the goods very evenly from all sides and over the length. Above all, warping or warping of the bars is completely avoided, or forehands * ne curvatures eliminated and thus excellent straightness, d. H. Form quality of the good achieved. This is also the case when the length of the goods varies.

In the device according to the invention is the

Handling effort reduced to a minimum.

Advantageous embodiments of the invention are protected in the subclaims.

The invention is described in more detail below with reference to schematic drawings Alisführung examples explained in more detail. It shows

F i g. 1 is a schematic view of a device according to the invention with two heating furnaces and a holding furnace down the line; in

2 shows a longitudinal section through a holding furnace which can be used in the device according to the invention with a transport device designed according to the invention;

3 shows a partial section along the line VV in FIG. 2; r,

F i g. 4a to 4e successive transport phases when transporting the goods through the Holding furnace and

5 and 6 a broken longitudinal section and a cross section along the line VIII-VIII in FIG. 5 through a cooling system connected downstream of the holding furnace.

In the schematic plan view according to FIG. 1 are denoted by the reference numeral 1 bars or bolts. The bars or bolts 1 are individually automatically transferred from a loading device or a magazine 2 to a T'.insport device 8, which, seen in FIG can. The bars or bolts 1 are quickly brought to the desired heating temperature in the heating furnaces 3 in the stationary state by applying hot gases or flames. Thereafter, the individually heated bars are brought out again from the respective η heating furnace 3 and transferred one by one from the transport device 8 to a holding furnace 4. This holding furnace 4 is designed as a continuous furnace, heated electrically or with fuel, and works with moving hot gas. z. B. hot air. The annealing or holding temperature is kept constant over the length of the holding furnace within a narrow tolerance range, so that the ingots reach the high annealing temperature after they have entered the holding furnace. If you have not yet fully reached this during heating, take a short walk in the holding furnace.

By changing the warm-up time, el. H. the duration, in which the bars 1 in the heating furnaces 3 be kept, and by the regulation of the Bronner> o the heating temperature can be set sensitively and over a wide range, with a constant temperature Heating of the ingot is achieved.

The Legierungszusammenset / clothes and the ge wished Gefüje of Barrenmatenals can by v> changing the flow rate and temperature in the holding furnace 4, z. B. by regulating the temperature of the hot air gas. To be taken into account.

In the holding furnace 4 are devices for bo partial incremental rotation of the ingot 1 provided about its longitudinal axis, so that this completely be heated evenly and warping or warping cannot occur as well as crooked ones Parallel bars are straightened. The barges plasticized by the annealing align themselves on the basis of their a Self-sustaining weight.

After leaving the holding furnace 4, the bars are transferred to a cooling station 6, where the Ingots are cooled individually with water and / or air in the run. At the cooling station 6 is one in the Fig. 7 and 8 shown in detail device for rotating the ingots during the cooler «arranged so that here, too, due to the uniform cooling effect from all sides, warping or warping and Differences in the structure of the bars are avoided.

From the cooling station 6, the bars 1 reach a magazine 7, from where they can be directly or indirectly Further processing can be supplied at another location.

The separation of warming up and keeping warm opens up the possibility of individual regulation of the temperature and, above all, the cycle sequence or the transport speed in the warming up and keeping warm phase. This leads to a very high degree of flexibility in the overall facility, i.e. an optimal adaptation option to the different requirements in operation, such as the implementation of the different Kuchglütitcinpcralurefi desired in practice for unierscu.cr'ithen alloys, an intermittent operation or a partial load operation in adaptation to downstream equipment or of blockages in the bar supply. By quickly warming up with r '^; Direct exposure to flames or hot gas jets in the heating furnace, the space requirement of the entire system is reduced compared to conventional systems. The flow of material is considerably improved and the material throughput is increased due to the continuous or quasi-continuous process.

The in F i g. 2 holding furnace 4 shown in longitudinal section is designed for Durchiaufbetneb and is by means of Hot gas, e.g. B. hot air, heated by a centrifugal fan 40 Geger, the ingot to be kept warm 1 or Γ is blown and circulated in the oven.

The bars lie in sawtooth-like depressions 42 with inclined surfaces 42a of stationary beams 44 extending along the furnace chamber 43. The beams 44 are arranged with gaps, of which at least two have a width α (F 1 g. 3). Due to the gaps dimensioned in this way, lifting beams 45 lying between and parallel to the beams 44 fit the horizontal flat surface pieces 45 'for receiving the bolts 1 and 1', these surface pieces 45 by prismatic stops in the form of on the flat surfaces of the lifting beams welded angle profiles 46 are limited. Adjacent angular profiles 46 have a spacing that corresponds at least approximately to the spacing of adjacent depressions 42 and, compared to the length of the flat surface mosquito 45 'in the transport direction 4, small longitudinal extent /. 50 that round bars 1, 1 usual diameter can roll on the flat pieces 45 '. The angle profiles 46 only serve as normally unused safety stops if the bars 1, Γ for any reason. / B. when raised, start rotating. /. B. due to a twist obtained oeim lifting.At each walking beam 45, three lifting torques in the form of lifting tubes 50 square QuefschnitSs, which are vertically movable but non-rotatable in rectangular longitudinal slots 51 on the bottom 52 of the holding oven, engage from below. One of these longitudinal slots 51 is shown in FIG. 3, in which the bottom 52 has been omitted, is shown in dash-dotted lines for a better understanding.

represents.

In the lower end of each lifting tube 50 islcine nut 53 welded in, which is penetrated by a screw 54 screwed therewith. Each spindle 54 carries on its lower end a Kcgclritzc! 55, the one with a 90 ° offset bevel pinion 56 meshes. All Kegelritzcl 56 are on a common, horizontal shaft 57 arranged, which can be driven by a gear motor 58 to the lifting tubes 50 and thus the Lifting beam 45.

The shaft 57 is mounted in housings 47, one of which is assigned to a spindle 54 with a lifting tube 50 and the associated pair of bevel pinions 55,56.

The motor 58 and the housing 47 are mounted on a carriage 59 which can be moved on rollers 60. This carriage is horizontally on the ground via a double-acting drive cylinder 61 or on rail 62 in the horizontal direction by one

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nente corresponds to the length of the inclined surface 42a. The vertical stroke τ of the lifting beam 45, which can be generated via the lifting device described with the motor 58, is dimensioned such that the lifting beam 45 with the angular profiles 46 can be moved freely in the lowered position under the bars 1, Γ and in the raised position The bars 1, Γ lying on the walking beam 45 do not run against the inclined surfaces 42a of the sawtooth-like depressions 42 of the stationary beams 44 during horizontal transport.

In a second preferred embodiment (shown in FIG. 2 in the case of the left-hand spindle drive), the nut 53 of each spindle drive rotatably mounted in the housing 47 and firmly connected to the bevel pinion 55 or in one piece. In this case, the screw 54 screwed to the nut 53 is fixed to the lower end of the Lifting tube 50 connected and non-rotatable, but vertically displaceable in its axial direction in the Housing 47 movable. All parts of the spindle drive are housed in the housing 47 and stored and the lifting tube 50 no longer contains any moving parts of the drive. This is for that Assembly and maintenance are an advantage.

The following is the functional sequence during transport the bolt 1 by means of the transport device described with reference to FIGS. 2 and 3 with reference to FIG. 4th to 6e.

In the rest position of the lifting beam 45 (Fig. 2 and 4a) the angle profiles 46 are offset slightly in front of the depressions 42. The transport device would in principle also be without the angle profiles 46, i. H. with a Hubbalker · 45 with a continuous horizontal flat surface, functional.

As shown in FIG. 4a, an ingot 1 with a larger diameter lies in the recess 42 with a center offset against the direction of transport A. This results from the smaller slope of the inclined surface 42a in comparison to the opposite surface, which is not designated.

in the rest position according to FIG. 4a, the bars lie in the depressions 42 of the stationary bars 44. In this position, the lifting beams 45 lie below the stationary beams. By actuating the spindle drives, the lifting beams are now pushed upwards in lifting direction B , reaching under the bars 1 and lifting them out of the recesses 42 by the stroke ζ upwards (FIG. 4b).

After completion of this lifting movement, each lifting beam 45 is moved to the right by means of the drive cylinder 61 in the transport direction A by the advance y in FIG. 4c. Here, the bars I come each Weil over the inclined surface 42a of the next recesses 42 in the transport direction in the stationary

ί Bar 44 (Fig. 4c). This ensures that the bars that have already been bent before the heat treatment are transported through the holding furnace without any problems.
After completion of feed of the bar in Transporlrichtung A of the spindle drive is actuated again, but now in the opposite direction to the lifting direction B B '. The speed of this movement is controlled so that the bars are gently lowered onto the inclined surfaces 42a of the stationary bar (FIG. 4d).

Due to their own weight, the bars 1 now roll on the inclined surfaces 42a into the depressions 42. In doing so, they rotate through an angle λ (Fig. 4). However, this rolling movement is caused by the lowering of the lifting beam in the direction of fl'cesteuerl.d. H.

2ö so braked that no up to plasticity the shape and surface of the heated ingot injuring the impact on arrival in the recess 42 is produced.

The length and inclination of the inclined surfaces 42a are dimensioned so that the bars with by the angle α rotated circumferential areas get into the recesses 42, so with each subsequent recess a .'deren circumferential area, so that in each case these other circumferential areas in contact with the circulated hot gas or the circulated hot air come. As a result, the bars can be kept at a very uniform temperature in all their areas keep. The rolling of the bars on the inclined surfaces, controlled by the lowering movement of the walking beam 45 42a means that the bars, due to their own weight, automatically remove from straightened curvatures for whatever reason.

In the manner described, the bars 1 are, avoiding any constraint between the Lifting bar 45 and the stationary bar 44 through the. Holding furnace transported, so that the risk of Damage to the ingot surfaces is practically eliminated.

In the same cycle as the lifting movement of the lifting beam 45, the oven doors 48, 49 to Feeding or discharging of bars 1 or Γ opened. The oven doors 48, 49 are shown in FIG. 2 dashed and broken off in the open position

shown. The loading and emptying of the holding furnace 4 can also be carried out in the longitudinal direction of the bases 1 through doors provided on one side of the holding furnace, in which case the doors 48, 49 are omitted.

In practice, the bars 1 can reach weights of the order of magnitude of 1 t (= 1 Mp) each. Of the The transport device shown must then be accommodated in the holding furnace depending on the number of total Bars between 25 and 40 t in weight can be lifted, lowered and transported in a controlled manner. This is with a conventional combined drive, such as an eccentric drive, is not possible and only becomes possible through the Separation of lifting and transport movement can be realized according to the invention.

The in the F i g. 5 and 6 shown shower device has a shower ram 70, sn its upper wall 71 inside a closed section 72 consisting of several sections 72 aligned in the longitudinal direction

ner water channel is attached. each section 72 of the water channel has a separate watercourse 73 and is provided on its lower wall with injection holes 74 which are closely aligned in the longitudinal direction of the Water channel are arranged adjacent in a row s. Below the water channel extend into In the same direction and parallel to one another, a shaft 75 and m / .K * rere aligned axes 76 and a shaft 77 through the shower room. The shafts 75, 77 and the axles 76 are in bearing blocks 78 fixed to the housing supported, whereby not only the shafts 75, ″ / 7 but also the axes 76 are rotatable in bearings 79,80.

The shaft 75 via a geared motor 81 arranged outside the shower chamber 70 is drivable. wears on her at regular intervals Rollers 82 arranged in a rotationally fixed manner.

The axles 76 are in a swing construction with at least two swing arms 84 and the shaft 77

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^ ■ inbimUlll Mllgt.VIUHI.1. IfI U *. I III I Ig. In the normal position, the axes 76 lie in the same horizontal plane as the shaft 75 and from this at a distance adapted to the dimensions of the ingots I or Γ to be treated.

Rollers 83 of the same diameter as the rollers 82 of the shaft 75 are loose on the axles 76 rotatably arranged. The rollers 82, 83 are assigned to one another in pairs and form one prismatic mount for bars 1 or Γ. The pivots 84 supporting the axes 76 are fixed to the While 77 connected. This shaft 77 is connected via one or two Jruckmittelylinders 85 and one Handlebar lever 86 pivotable, which is fixed against rotation relative to the rocker 84 offset in the longitudinal direction is connected to the shaft 77 and articulated to the piston rod 87 of the pressure medium cylinder 85. The swing arm 84 is shown in the pivoted position in dash-dotted lines.

There is also at least one transfer arm 88 for introducing the bars 1 into the shower device provided, which via a cylinder 89 with piston rod 94 between the two in Fi g. 6 solid and The positions shown in dash-dotted lines are pivotable about the axis of the shaft 75.

In the lower part of the shower chamber 70 there is a collecting tray 90, from the lowest point of which a 45 ' vertically downwardly directed drain pipe 91 goes out.

The shower device described is used as follows

A hot bar 1 or Γ coming from the holding furnace is approached via a roller conveyor 92 arranged laterally along the shower device in this way. Here, the piston rod of the cylinder 89 is retracted so that the transfer arm 88 lies below the path of the ingot. Then the cylinder 89 is extended and thus the transfer arm 88 is lifted to take over the bar 1 in the dash-dotted position, so that the bar roll on the flat surface 93 of the transfer arm 88, which is now slightly inclined towards the rollers 82, 83, and thereby into the prismatic receptacle can get between the rollers 83, 82. So that the bar 1 does not fall into the roller prism formed by the rollers 82, 83 during the transfer and is damaged in the process, the cylinder 85 is extended simultaneously with the cylinder 89 or is still in the extended state from the previous work phase, in which the Swing arm 84 assumes the raised position shown in phantom. In this position, the roller 83 catches the bar 1 rolling down on the transfer arm softly and without the risk of damaging the bar surface. Then the cylinder 85 * + rtr \ Ant * AirtHnfnliMH # · # ■> An (X At η CnUiiunnn QA πη »» ΛΜΛ>·> tr * ψ * ) vuvi ViKgVKIiIiVK, jv »VTuw νϊΐν wvfi nmgv ντ gvjivuvi« in die comes lowered, drawn position shown. The bar is inserted softly into the roller prism. Then the gear motor 81 starts the shaft 75 and thus the rollers 82 in FIG. 6 clockwise, as a result of which the ingot 1 is set on the roller prism 82, 83 in a counterclockwise direction in continuous rotation about its longitudinal axis. The rockers 84 with the axles 76 and rollers 83 are resiliently supported in the lower basic position by the remaining air column in the cylinder 85 even in the lowered state, so that any blows occurring during the rotation of the bar 1 are flexibly absorbed and the risk of surface damage or warping the ingot is avoided by such blows. Now water is sprayed onto the bar 1 or Γ via the spray holes 74. Since the spray holes 74 are arranged at a small distance from one another over the entire length of the bar, very even cooling of the bar is achieved. To eject the cooled bar, the piston rod 87 of the cylinder 85 is extended after the piston rod 94 of the cylinder 89 has been drawn in and thus the transfer arm 88 has been pivoted into the intermediate position shown at 93 ″, so that the rockers 84 and thus the axis 76 of the solid line in As a result, the bar is moved out of the prismatic receptacle between the rollers 82, 83 onto the now outwardly inclined surface 93 ″ of the transfer arm, from which it is deposited on the roller table 92 for further handling by the piston rod 94 of the cylinder 89 is completely retracted and the transfer arm 93 thereby moves into the lowest position shown in solid lines.

In addition 5 sheets of drawings

Claims (3)

Patent claims: 1. Device for the heat treatment of goods to be treated, such as cast strands and bars, as well as blocks, rods, tubes and the like, in particular made of aluminum or magnesium alloys, in which the goods are first transported individually through a heating furnace and in particular at a higher temperature is heated as a desired heat treatment temperature, at which the material is then transported through a holding furnace by means of a transport device with stationary bars with sawtooth-like depressions and with walking beams and is kept at the heat treatment temperature and at which the material is finally cooled at a cooling station, the means for Turning the separated goods during cooling, characterized in that the lifting beams (45) which can be driven in the lifting direction (B) and independently thereof in the transport direction (A) lie between and in the rest position under the stationary beams (44) and have a flat surface for receiving of Goods (1), the goods being lifted out of the sawtooth-like depressions (42) of the stationary bars (44) by means of the lifting beam (45) and deposited in a controlled manner on the cutting surfaces (42a) of the next depressions and, due to their own weight, in contact with The lifting beam, which is now lowered in a controlled manner against the lifting direction, rolls into the bottom of the recess. 2. Device according to Anspr xh 1, characterized in that the inclined surfaces (42a) of the stationary bars (44) have a length dimension different from the original dimension of the goods and that prismatic stops (46) in the diameter of the goods exceeding distances on the flat surface each walking beam (45) are arranged. -ίο 3. Device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the prismatic stops are designed as angle profiles (46) whose dimensions (k) in the transport direction (A) \ m ratio to the dimensions (1) m the transport direction of the flat pieces in between ( 45 ') of the lifting beam (45) are small, so that the material can roll over the flat pieces by a controlled circumference. 4. Device according to one of claims I to 3. W. characterized in that all the lifting beams (45) can be driven jointly in the lifting direction Lifting elements (50) are stumped / t, and that the Hiibclcmente (50) for their part on a common. 5> V <.igen (59) that can be moved horizontally in 1 direction of transport (A) are supported. j Device according to one of claims I to 4, characterized in that the lifting beam (45) or the carriage (59) can be moved in and against the transport direction (Λ) by means of double-acting fluid cylinders (61). 6, device according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the lifting bars (45) can be moved in and against the lifting direction (D) by means of spindle drives (53 to 58), 7. Device according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the means for rotating of the goods on the Ktihlslation roller pairs (82, 83) comprise, the two rollers of which are prismatic receptacles to support the goods. 8. Device according to claim 7, characterized in that at least one (82) of the two rollers (82,83) each pair of rollers can be driven. 9. Device according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that one (83) of the two rollers (82, 83) of each pair of rollers on an overhead transfer and lifting device that can be moved relative to the other roller (82) (84) is stored for introducing and ejecting the goods. 10. Device according to one of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that at the cooling station (7Ü) above the means (82, 83) for rotating a water channel arranged along the material to be treated (72) is arranged, which has a plurality of water outlet openings arranged in the longitudinal direction of the material to be treated on its lower wall (74).