DE2414408A1 - SWELLABLE FABRIC TO HANG AS AN INTERIOR CEILING - Google Patents

Description

Dipl.-Ing. H. Sauerland · Dn.-lng. P. König · Dipl.-Ing. K. Bergen Patent Attorneys ■ 4ooo Düsseldorf 3D · Cecilienallee 76 ■ Telephone

24ΊΑ408

March 25, 1974 29 348 B.

Sven Olof Birger Igungbo,

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S-190 60 Baista, Sweden

"Swellable fabric to hang up as an inner ceiling"

During the past few years the technique of creaming has been from freely hanging interior ceilings (room ceilings) has been further developed on various occasions. The oldest technology consisted of framing a fabric, for example made of jute, cotton or another cellulose fiber, by hand and then painting, usually with white paint. This method has been improved by replacing the fabric with an elastic plastic film that is easier to frame, that Setting the house tolerates better and not painted needs because it already has a white, dense surface. Another improvement is that these films are swollen before creaming with a swelling agent, which you can after creaming can evaporate, the film shrinking or shrinking itself stretches. By mixing in glass fibers or other incombustible fibers for Plastic film ensures that it does not fall down in the event of a fire and its ability to dissolve in solvents

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teln to swell and then to complete stretching after evaporation of the solvent and Installation of the ceiling retains its run in despite the interference of stiff, non-swelling fibers.

Various attempts have been made to fabricate fabrics from, for example, jute or cotton, which are first immersed in water were swelled to frame accordingly. All attempts failed because the threads in these Fabrics, like all natural cellulose fibers, are extremely insignificant in the length direction, but across the The thread swell significantly. A swelling of the tissue surface, which is a prerequisite for * implementation the method used to attach the ceiling could not be preserved.

It has now been shown that cellulose fiber fabrics with the desired swellability in the fabric surface can be produced can. The low swelling in the length direction of fibers made of natural or native cellulose is namely on the high degree of crystallinity of the same and can be traced back to the crystal type, as it were for native cellulose, also called cellulose I, is characteristic.

If you produce tissue from cellulose fibers, their degree of crystallinity is reduced and their proportion is reduced amorphous material is thereby increased compared to the native cellulose from which it was obtained, these tissues can be swollen in water so that they enlarge more than ten times on the surface will. Such a swollen fabric can also be used as the inner cover, like the aforementioned plastic films used as it is after the water has evaporated

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(Swelling agent) stretches by running in.

Usual methods for lowering the degree of crystallinity of the cellulose are that the cellulose with strong alkalis or other strong electrolytes in aqueous solution or with liquid ammonia, amines or Treats quaternary ammonium compounds, then flushes out the reagents or dissolves the cellulose and from it Fibers are spun, for example using the viscose or copper ammonium method, or by removing the cellulose Fibers of cellulose derivatives, for example acetate cellulose, nitrocellulose, etc. are regenerated.

According to other methods, the hydroxyl groups of the cellulose are partially treated with, for example, methyl, ethyl, Hydroxyethyl, hydroxypropyl, carboxymethylaminoethylamidoacrylic groups and others substituted.

In the majority of these methods, not only does the degree of crystallinity of the cellulose change, but also whose crystal structure changes into a form that is generally called cellulose II.

The difference between the crystal structure of cellulose I and cellulose II is mainly that a crystal axis of the unit cell is elongated in cellulose II, and that at the same time the angle 'between two crystal axes was decreased. Different values are given by different authors have been that of drivers in his book "Die Chemie der Pflanzenzellwand", p. 157 (Berlin 1957), to the following Average values were summarized:

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I. Axis length after 241U08 C. II Angstrom Angle between 23 ' away C. 13 ' 8.20 10.29 7.83 a and cellulose 8.25 10.3 9.25 84 ° cellulose 61 °

The unit cells in cellulose II are therefore slightly "loosely packed" than in cellulose I and should be therefore better be subject to swelling.

The degree of crystallinity, expressed as a percentage of the crystalline Material is given, calculated on the total amount of cellulose of the fibers, changes with the different Cellulosic materials. Different measurement methods also give different results, as shown below Tables.

Philipp, Nelson and Züfle name in "Textile Research Journal », 17, 585 (1947), the following values for the crystallinity of the various celluloses, measured by acid hydrolysis:

Material crystallinity (%)

Ramie 95

Cotton 82 -

Cotton linters 88

Cotton, mercerized under stretching 78 Cotton, mercerized without stretching 68 Fortisari * ^ (saponified acetate cellulose fiber) 83

δ?)
Cordura ** high tenacity rayon 62

Textile rayon 68

P.H. Hermans and A. Weidinger name in the "Journal Polymer Sei », 4, 135 (1949); 5: 656 (1950); 6, 533 (1951) fol-

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exact values for the crystallinity of the cellulose fibers, measured partly with X-ray diagrams, partly with density determinations %

Crystal quotation

material from 'X-ray diagrams from Dichtig
deterministic
mings cotton 70 60 ramie 70 60 Sulphite cellulose 65 50 Fortisan ^ 50 - Yisko Rayon 40 25th

Bs now proving _f that, to a sufficient length of swelling may be obtained from the cellulose fibers, wünschtj to use it as a swellable self-tensioning indoor ceiling to make use of a type of prenamed treated cellulose fibers in which the crystallinity of the cellulose by more than 5% lower than the native cellulose from which they are made.

In order to achieve a strong surface swelling in the fabrics, it has also proven to be essential that a low or moderate degree of orientation is maintained in the cellulose fibers used. This orientation is achieved by both mercerising the cellulose fibers and when spinning the dissolved cellulose, it stretches the fibers during the process. In the manufacture of fibers

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For the present purposes one should therefore avoid this stretching or keep it within moderate limits.

In order to achieve special effects, for example with regard to fire properties, the cellulose fibers mixed with fibers of other material, e.g. B. mineral fibers. This can be done either while spinning, by spinning yarn from mixed fibers, or in weaving, by using threads of different fibers for the fabric Fiber material used.

The fiber material must be protected before or after weaving with flame-retardant substances that cause burning prevent it in the tissue and only let it char if exposed to fire. Examples of such Substances are phosphates, phosphites, phosphonium compounds. Borates, bromine or chlorine compounds, Antimony compounds, etc.

The fabrics can also be laminated with various plastics, for example in the form of Solutions, emulsions or foils, for example, to give the product a denser surface and better fire resistance or to give any other properties. These plastics should be swellable in water, so that the plastic layer follows the tissue when the cloth swells.

The following examples show some embodiments of the method according to the invention.

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Example 1_i.

"Sin cotton fabric is five minutes an 85 ⁰ C warm ρ 3? Sige solution of Matriumhydroxyd in Xfesser dipped After immersing it for one minute in a © '25 ^(20faige solution iron Matriumhydroigfii in water", it w immediately by rinsing m ± t tJasser irallstindig "that lye is liberated"! During the whole process is avoided, the "cloth more than" inevitably stretching during transport through the baths.

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Mach has been repeated thorough washing of all the liquor residues impregnated to the tissue with a solution of iron ropes 10 and 30 DiaMaoniuaorthophosphat 2? Eil © n urea in 50 ropes X'JassezO Machdem the _'P CJberschiißlosiang squeezed dry to the fabric 13 minutes at a temperature ύόώ. 160 ^° C. Then it is washed with hater and dried. This caused Mtiflaimbehandlung ^ DAB can not burn in the fire that tissue ₉ but only to a hard ύ® SCohlenkruste ■ yerkohlto You sew the fabric into pieces of appropriate size for indoor ceiling ait Bs.inawollfau.en ₅ was flammscMrczbehaiadelt similarly _a © of old fiberglass strands together "spell swells to the wove © in iJasser and brings ®S appropriately Höh © below represents Bekke aa in the rooms where it is ₅ ίτοτι as Eaujaöseke ο we need it not to strsck © a ₂ kaim it like a sack of loose hang up. With the evaporation of the l'Jasser sehx-umpf t the tissue vu & stretches or tensions itself "

This fabric can also be used with plastic lbel®g © a _P ι to obtain a more fire-resistant product »Do it © 3aele Examples show such an execution form!

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Example 2

Fabric according to Example 1 is coated on one side with the following paste:

8 parts of ethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose, 7 parts of triethanolamine

4 parts triaminotriazine

5 parts of pentaerythritol

7 parts of ammonium polyphosphate

3 parts of titanium dioxide
0.5 parts of oxaldehyde
2.5 parts of formic acid
63 parts of water

The coated surface is made with 3 cm long glass threads sprinkled to a weight of 20 g / m and then dried in the oven at 100 ° C. Brushed after drying reapply the same paste to the cloth and dry it as before.

Then the cloth is cut into pieces of suitable size and moistened with water until it swells as much as possible and attach it as a ceiling, as described in Example 1.

The fogging applied to the fabric causes a strong carbon foam in the fire, which is difficult to incinerate is. This carbon foam has a heat-insulating effect and thus protects the parts of the building above so against overheating that they cannot catch fire.

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The ethylhydroxyethyl cellulose is due to the reaction with oxaldehyde in a form insoluble in water passed over, but can still swell in water. Therefore, the ceiling can after creaming be washed if necessary.

Example 3

Staple fibers can be made from viscose cellulose by only slightly stretching them during spinning. 95 parts of these fibers are mixed with 5 parts of aluminum silicate fiber with a fiber diameter of 2.5V and to No. 30 spun. A cloth with 10 threads is woven from the yarn / cm in both the elevator and the bullet. This tissue is then made with ammonium phosphate and urea, as in example 1, flame retardant, and can then like can be used as a ceiling in example 1. It can also be done, as in Example 2, with a plastic compound coat. There is no need to sprinkle with glass thread, as the aluminum silicate threads already spun into the thread give the fabric enough load-bearing capacity, even in the event of a fire, to create a cohesive carbon foam-mineral fiber mat to build.

Example 4

A 400 den. Viscose silk thread, which with minor Stretch produced during spinning, together with an equally strong fiberglass thread, becomes a fabric Woven with 10 threads / cm in both the winding and the weft direction. Every tenth thread in both elevator and

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Weft direction is a glass thread. The fabric is flame retardant with ammonium phosphate and urea as in example 1 and is then ready for use as a swellable room ceiling. You can also do it like in example 3 cover with a plastic compound and use as a fire-resistant ceiling. Because the shrinking is greater than the swelling, do not prevent the glass threads participating in swelling or shrinking the use of the cloth as a self-tensioning interior ceiling. You can of course use the shrinking effect increase the same by using a damp rayon thread during weaving. The glass thread give the blanket a certain frizz effect after it has been framed by shrinking it, which can be seen in can take advantage of decorative aspects.

Example 5

A tricot fabric is prepared from the thread produced according to Example 3 and is flame-retardant treated according to Example 3 and optionally covered with plastic compound as in Example 3.

The tricot fabric has an advantage over the woven cloth, as it can be used for intricate room shapes Self-shrinking is less prone to wrinkles or warpage of the fabric surface.

The tricot fabric can also be made from viscose silk thread knitting, which were produced according to Example 4, must, however, have part of the silk thread through glass fiber threads replace, whereby certain threads in the tricot fabric consist of glass fibers, which afterwards, analogously to the Method in Example 3, are covered with plastic compound.

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Example 6

Cotton is treated with a solution of 2-aminoethylsulphuric acid and sodium hydroxide in water and warmed to give an aminoethyl cellulose with a degree of substitution of about 1.2. The washed-out product is then treated with tetra-silica hydroxymethylphosphonium chloride and ammonia in an aqueous solution, washed and dried The fiber obtained in this way is mixed and carded with about 5% glass fiber with a staple length of 2 cm and a diameter of 5 V. The fiber veil obtained is glued to a point pattern with melamine glue, dried and cured at an oven temperature of 105 ° C .

The product, the type of non-woven fabric, can be used to frame room ceilings after swelling in water can be used analogously to the above example.

Example 7

They are bleached aminoethyllert and phosphonium treated Pine sulphate cellulose like the cotton in the previous example. Then one puts out the won Fiber made a sheet of paper with a gram weight of 50 g / m 2. Twists are twisted on the wet sheet Rayon threads (3 cm long, 840 den.), Which are prepared analogously to the example, game 4 and by aminoethylation and Phosphonium treatment flame retardant, finished with polyethyleneimine and with tetrakies-hydroxymethylphosphonium chloride were treated, and fiberglass threads of the same length and den.-number, made from fiberglass with 5 mm in diameter twisted and finished like rayon threads, scattered, whereby a mixture of

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The ratio of rayon to glass threads is 3 ί 1. The thread layer has a weight of 75 g / m.

On top of the rayon and glass thread layer is another one Suspension of the above aminoethylated and phosphonium-treated cellulose fiber poured so that these together with the thread layer and the first sheet results in a paper with a gram weight of 175 g / m 2. This sheet is then covered with a solution of ethyl ethoxyl cellulose and oxaldehyde impregnated in water, pressed and dried. One can get the bow Use it as a ceiling as in the previous example.

You can also cover it with a mass of the same type as in Example 2 and the product that is formed Use it as a ceiling as above.

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Claims (8)

241UQ: Sven Olof Birger Ljungbo, S-190 60 Ba "ista, Sweden Patent claims : Swellable surface product such as paper, fabric, tricot, non-woven etc. to be attached as a self-tensioning ceiling, Wallcovering or the like, thereby characterized in that it consists mainly of cellulose fibers with a lower, preferably um at least 5% lower degree of crystallinity than native cellulose fiber (cellulose I) and good Swelling, for example in water, in both Querais length direction of the fibers. 2. Product according to claim 1, characterized in that that the swellable cellulose fibers are produced by known methods, but without them a significant or only moderate Suspend stretching in order to prevent the molecular orientation adversely affecting swellability . 3. Product according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the cellulose fibers to achieve fire resistance (flame resistance) while maintaining the ability to swell and shrink of the product with refractory fibers of organic or inorganic origin, for example Mineral or metal fibers, fibers made from phenolic resins. 409841/030: -! 241U08 4. Product according to claim 31, characterized in that that in the event that the finished sheet product is a woven fabric or the like, mixed fibers in the spinning into the product incoming yarns mixed, or when weaving the product in lift and / or weft threads different Fiber material of organic or inorganic origin were introduced. 5. Product according to claim 1, 2, 3 or 4, characterized in that "that the Fiber material with flame-retardant substances already known for this purpose, for example phosphates, Phosphites, phosphonium compounds, borates, bromine or chlorine compounds, antimony compounds, etc. treated became. 6. Product according to one or more of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that that the flat product, for example a fabric or the like, has been laminated with a swelling agent, for example with water-swellable plastic in the form of solutions, emulsions, pastes or foils, so that the lining material follows the movement of the fabric as it swells or shrinks. 7. Product according to claim 6, characterized in that the laminating material provided surface of the sheet with relatively short glass fibers or threads the hardening of the lamination material is sprinkled. 409841/030 3 " ¹⁵ " 24U408 8. Product according to one or more of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that that threads are introduced or woven into the surface product, for example glass threads that are not attached to the Swelling or shrinking take part, but in the latter course a crinkling of the surface product cause. 409841/030