FI57146C - SVAELLBARA VAEVAR FOER UPPSAETTNING SOM INNERTAK - Google Patents

Description

R3PT1 r, ADVERTISEMENT 57 ΛΛ £ J / SK lBJ (11) UTLÄGGNINOSSKmPT 0 '' H 0 C (45) Patent · eyönni Uy 10 06 1930 ffTja Patent meddelat (51) Kv.ik.Va.3 D 21 H 3/00 , 5/1 * FINLAND —FINLAND (21) Pfnttlhukumu »—P« tnt »n.6knlnf 923 / lk (22) Htkumltpilvi — Ana5knln | * d« | 26.03.7 ^

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(41) Tullut JulkMcsI - Blhrtt offuntHf 29.09.7U

Patent and registry holders .... ...... -,. . ....

_, (44) Date of departure and date of issue. -

Patent and registration authorities 7 Amekan uttagd och utUkriftm pubikunrf 29.02.80 (32) (33) (31) Pjrydttty • tuolk ^ t-Bajtrd priorltut 28.03.73 Sweden-Sweden (SE) 730U368-9 (71) (72) Sven Olof Birger Ljungbo, Eneby, S-190 60 Bälsta, Sweden-Sverige (SE) ^ (7U) Leitzinger Oy (5U) Swelling fabrics for ceilings - Svällbara vämm för uppsättning som innertak

Recently, technology has been developed in many ways to tighten the ceilings of free-hanging houses. The oldest technique consisted of tightening a fabric made of, for example, jute, cotton or other cellulosic fibers by hand and then painting, usually with a white color. The method has been improved by replacing the fabric with a flexible plastic material that is easier to tighten up and that is more resistant to dents in the house and does not need to be painted because it already has a white dense surface. A further improvement arises from the fact that these films are swollen with a swelling agent before application, which after evaporation is allowed to evaporate, whereby the film shrinks and tightens on its own. By mixing glass fibers or other non-combustible fibers into the plastic film, it is prevented from falling in the event of a fire, but despite the presence of rigid, non-swellable fibers, it retains its ability to swell in solvent and its ability to subsequently shrink to full tension when solvent evaporates

Several attempts have been made to tighten fabrics made of, for example, jute or cotton in a similar way after they have first been swollen in water. However, all these attempts have failed because the yarns in these fabrics, as well as all natural cellulosic fibers, have longitudinal swelling very non-existent at the same time as the transverse swelling of the yarns, on the other hand, is considerable. Surface swelling of the fabric, which is a prerequisite for the application of the method in the construction of ceilings, has thus not been achieved.

However, it has now proved possible to make fabrics with the desired surface swelling ability of the cellulose fibers.

If fabrics are made from cellulosic fibers which have a reduced degree of crystallization and in which the proportion of amorphous material is therefore increased relative to the native cellulose from which it is made, these fabrics can be swollen in water to increase by tens of percent in the direction of travel. Thus, the swollen fabric can be used in the same way as the previously mentioned plastic films for making the ceilings of the rooms, which tighten themselves under the effect of shrinkage after the water (swelling agent) has evaporated away.

The most common ways to reduce the degree of crystallization of cellulose are by treating it with strong bases or other concentrated electrolytes in aqueous solution or liquid ammonia, amines or quaternary ammonium compounds and then washing away the reagents or dissolving the cellulose or spinning its fibers, e.g. viscose. cellulose from the fibers of cellulose derivatives, e.g., acetate cellulose, nitrocellulose and the like.

Other methods include, for example, partially replacing the hydroxyl groups of cellulose with, for example, methyl, ethyl, hydroxyethyl, hydroxypropyl, carboxymethylaminoethylamidoacrylic groups, and the like.

Many of these methods change not only the degree of crystallization of the cellulose but also its crystal structure, and it changes to a form commonly referred to as cellulose II.

The difference between the crystal structures of cellulose I and cellulose II is mainly that the crystal axis of the primary cell in cellulose II 3,571,46 is extended and that the angle between the two crystal axes is simultaneously reduced. Different authors report different values, which Treiber has compiled into the following averages in his book "Die Chemie der Pf la nz e nz ellwand" page 157, (Berlin 19 ^ 7):

Length of axes in angstroms Angle between a in and c 3 b. C.

Cellulose I 8.20 10.29 7.83 84 ° 2.3 »

Cellulose II 8.25 10.3 9.25 61 ° 13 '

The elemental cellulose in Ilts is thus somewhat "looser packed" than in cellulose I and is therefore probably more susceptible to swelling.

The degree of crystallization, expressed as a percentage of the crystallized matter, calculated on the total amount of cellulose in the fibers, varies from cellulose to material. Different measurement methods also give different results, as shown in the following tables:

Philipp, Nelson and Zttfle, in the Textile Research Journal, 17, 585 (1947), give the following values for crystalline cellulose in different cellulose types as measured by acid hydrolysis:

Substances Crystals new%

Rami 95

Cotton 82-87

Cotton fibers 88

Cotton, mercerized under tension

Cotton, mercerized without tightening 08

Eortisan R (saponified acetate cellulose fiber) 83 Cordura R very strong rayon 62

Textile hole 68 P, H. Hermans and A, Weidinger report in "Journal Polymer Sci", 4, 135 (1949); 5 »656 (1950); 6, 533 (1951) for the following values for crystallization in cellulose fibers as measured in part by X-ray diagram, in part by density determinations:

Substances Crystallinity X-ray diagram Density determination with bone 70 60 4 57146

Substances Crystallinity% on X-ray chart Density determination

Rami 70 60

Sulphite cellulose 65 50

Fort father R 50

Viscosity 40 25

It has been found that in order to achieve sufficient longitudinal swelling in cellulose yarns to be used for swellable, self-tightening ceilings, some type of cellulosic fibers treated as described above with more than 5% lower crystallization than the native cellulose from which they are made should be used.

In order to achieve high surface swelling in the fabrics, it has also proved essential to maintain a low or reasonable degree of orientation in the cellulose fibers used. This trend is achieved both well in the mercerization of cellulose fibers and in the spinning of dissolved cellulose by tightening the fibers during the process. Thus, in the manufacture of fibers for the above purpose, such stretching must be avoided or kept within reasonable limits.

In order to achieve special properties, e.g. in terms of combustion properties, fibers of another substance, e.g. mineral fibers, can be mixed with the cellulosic fibers. This can be done either by spinning, so that the yarn is spun from mixed fibers, or by weaving, in which case yarns made of different fibrous materials are used in the same fabric.

Before or after weaving, the fibrous material must be treated with a flame-repellent substance which causes the fabric ti to burn, only to be charred if it comes into contact with fire. Examples of such substances are phosphates, phosphites, phosphonium compounds, borates, bromine or chlorine compounds, antimony compounds and the like.

The fabrics can also be woven with various plastics in the form of solutions, emulsions or films to give the product e.g. a tighter surface, better flame resistance or other desired properties. These plastics should be swellable in water so that the plastic layer follows the fabric as the cloth swells.

The following examples illustrate some embodiments of the method of the present invention.

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Example 1

The cotton cloth is immersed for 5 minutes in a 3% sodium hydroxide solution in water at 85 ° C. It is then immersed for 1 minute in a 20 ° C solution of sodium hydroxide in water at 20 ° C, after which it is immediately freed of all lye by rinsing with water. Throughout the process, stretching of the fabric more than is necessary to pass it through the baths is avoided.

After careful additional washing to remove all lye debris, it is impregnated with a solution of 10 parts of diammonium orthophosphate and 30 parts of urea in 60 parts of water. After the excess solution is squeezed out, the fabric is dried for 13 minutes at 160 ° C. It is then washed with water and dried.

This anti-flame treatment causes the fabric to not sustain combustion, but only charts into a carbon shell that is difficult to ash in a fire. The fabrics are sewn into one of the ceilings of suitable size using a cotton thread which has been flame-retardant treated in a similar way or with a fiberglass thread. The fabric is then swollen in water and then fastened against the walls below a ceiling at a suitable height in the room where it is to be the ceiling. It does not need to be tightened in this context, but only hangs up loosely like a sack. As the water evaporates, the fabric shrinks and tightens on its own.

This fabric can also be coated with plastic to obtain a fire-retardant product. The following example shows one embodiment of this type:

Example 2

The fabric of Example 1 according coated on one side with the paste for the following types: 8 parts ethylhydroxyethylcellulose 7 "triethanolamine A" triaminotriatsiinia 5 'pentaerythritol 7 "- ammoniumpolyfosiäattia 3" titaanidioksiidia 0.5 "oksaldehyydiä 2.5" formic acid to 63 "water

Sprinkle 3 cm of fiberglass yarns 57146 Ο Λ 20 g / nr on the brushed surface and then dry in an oven at 100 ° C. After drying, the fabric is re-brushed on the same side with the same paste and dried once more in the same way.

The fabric thus treated is cut into suitably sized pieces, moistened in water to the greatest swelling and set up as a ceiling in the same manner as shown in Example 1.

The coating applied to the fabric has the property that it generates a strong carbon foam in the fire which is very difficult to ash. This carbon foam acts as a heat insulator and thus protects the components above from such intense heating that ignition is possible,

Ethylhydroxyethylcellulose has been converted to a water-soluble form by reaction with oxaldehyde, but is constantly swellable in water. The roof can therefore be washed after installation, if necessary.

Example 3

Viscose cellulose is made from a fiber break using slight stretching during tightening. 95 parts of these fibers are mixed with 5 parts of a luminosilicate fibers having a fiber ash of 2.5 .mu.m and carded and spun to a 30-digit yarn. the yarn is woven from a fabric with 10 yarns / cm in both the weft and the warp. This fabric is flame retardant treated with ammonium phosphate and urea in the same manner as in Example 1 and can then be used as a ceiling in the same manner as in Example 1. * It is also possible, as in Example 2, to apply it to the plastic stream 11a. In this context, it does not need to be sprinkled with glass fibers, since the aluminosilicate fibers already spun into the wire give the fabric sufficient resistance in the event of a fire in order to form a cohesive carbon foam.

Example 4 A 400 denier viscose silk yarn made by slight stretching during spinning is woven together with an equally strong fiberglass yarn into a fabric having 10 yarns / cm in the weft and warp direction. Staple fiber yarns form every tenth lana in both the warp and weft directions. The fabric is flame-protected with ammonium phosphate and urea in the same manner as in Example 1. It is ready to be used as a swellable ceiling. It can also be coated with a plastic mass in the same way as in Example 3 for use as a heat-shielding ceiling. When, shrinkage is greater than swelling, these glass fiber yarns, which do not participate in swelling or shrinkage, do not prevent the use of the fabric for a self-tightening ceiling. Understandably, the tightening effect can be increased. in these so that the viscose silk yarns are moist already during weaving. Fiberglass wires, when shrunk, give a certain vibration effect after the installation of the roof, which can be used for decorative purposes.

Example 5

The yarn made according to Example 3 is made of a knitted fabric, which is then flame-retarded according to Example 3, after which the fabric is coated with a plastic mass in the same manner as in Example 3.

Knitted fabrics have the advantage over woven fabric that in complex room shapes it is less prone to self-tightening (shrinkage) to create a crease or stretch on the fabric surface.

Viscose yarn can also be woven into a knitted fabric according to Example 4, but in this case some of the silk yarns are replaced by glass fiber yarns, so that certain yarns in the knitted fabric are glass fibers which are then coated with plastic pulp in the same way as in Example 3 ·

Example 6 'Cotton is treated with a solution of 2-aminoethyl sulfuric acid and sodium hydroxide in water and heated to give aminoethylcellulose with a degree of substitution of about 1.2. The product purified from the reaction solution is then treated with tetrakis hydroxymethylphosphonium chloride dried. Approximately 5% glass fiber with a cut length of 2 cm and a diameter of 5 μ is added to the obtained fibers and carded. The nonwoven mat thus obtained is glued in a dot pattern with the melamine glue 11a, dried and hardened at an oven temperature of 105 ° C.

The resulting product, which is a non-woven fabric type, is available after swelling in water for making ceilings as in the previous example.

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Example 7 Bleached sulphate cellulose made from pine is aminoethylated and treated with phosphonium in the same way as cotton in the previous example. A paper sheet weighing 50 g / m 2 is prepared from the fiber obtained. with tetrakis hydroxymethylphosphonium chloride and glass fiber yarns of the same length and denier, plated from glass fiber 5 pins in diameter and finished in the same way as rayon yarns, starting from a doping ratio of rayon to glass fibers of 3 * 1. The yarn layer has a weight of 75 g / m 2.

On top of this rayon and glass fiber layer, the aminoethylated and phosphonium-clad cellulose fiber weather described above is further poured, so that a paper weighing 175 g / m 3 is formed together with the yarn layer and the first sheet. This sheet is impregnated in a solution of ethyl ethoxylcellulose and oxaldehyde in water, pressed and pulverized. The obtained sheet can be used as a ceiling in the same manner as in the above example.

It can also be coated with the same type of pulp as in Example 2 and used to obtain the obtained product as a ceiling as described above.