DK144099B - NURSELY SURFACE MATERIAL FOR SETTING UP AS A DANGEROUS Ceiling OR WALL COATING - Google Patents

NURSELY SURFACE MATERIAL FOR SETTING UP AS A DANGEROUS Ceiling OR WALL COATING Download PDF

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DK144099B
DK144099B DK169674AA DK169674A DK144099B DK 144099 B DK144099 B DK 144099B DK 169674A A DK169674A A DK 169674AA DK 169674 A DK169674 A DK 169674A DK 144099 B DK144099 B DK 144099B
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cellulose
ceiling
fibers
fabric
water
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DK169674AA
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DK144099C (en
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S O B Ljungbo
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S O B Ljungbo
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    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21HPULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H27/00Special paper not otherwise provided for, e.g. made by multi-step processes
    • D21H27/18Paper- or board-based structures for surface covering
    • D21H27/20Flexible structures being applied by the user, e.g. wallpaper
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06MTREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M11/00Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
    • D06M11/68Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with phosphorus or compounds thereof, e.g. with chlorophosphonic acid or salts thereof
    • D06M11/70Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with phosphorus or compounds thereof, e.g. with chlorophosphonic acid or salts thereof with oxides of phosphorus; with hypophosphorous, phosphorous or phosphoric acids or their salts
    • D06M11/71Salts of phosphoric acids
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06MTREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M11/00Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
    • D06M11/80Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with boron or compounds thereof, e.g. borides
    • D06M11/82Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with boron or compounds thereof, e.g. borides with boron oxides; with boric, meta- or perboric acids or their salts, e.g. with borax
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06MTREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M13/00Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M13/244Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing sulfur or phosphorus
    • D06M13/282Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing sulfur or phosphorus with compounds containing phosphorus
    • D06M13/285Phosphines; Phosphine oxides; Phosphine sulfides; Phosphinic or phosphinous acids or derivatives thereof
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06NWALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N7/00Flexible sheet materials not otherwise provided for, e.g. textile threads, filaments, yarns or tow, glued on macromolecular material
    • D06N7/0002Wallpaper or wall covering on textile basis
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21HPULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H13/00Pulp or paper, comprising synthetic cellulose or non-cellulose fibres or web-forming material
    • D21H13/02Synthetic cellulose fibres
    • D21H13/08Synthetic cellulose fibres from regenerated cellulose
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21HPULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H27/00Special paper not otherwise provided for, e.g. made by multi-step processes
    • D21H27/30Multi-ply
    • D21H27/32Multi-ply with materials applied between the sheets
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04BGENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B9/00Ceilings; Construction of ceilings, e.g. false ceilings; Ceiling construction with regard to insulation
    • E04B9/30Ceilings; Construction of ceilings, e.g. false ceilings; Ceiling construction with regard to insulation characterised by edge details of the ceiling; e.g. securing to an adjacent wall
    • E04B9/303Ceilings; Construction of ceilings, e.g. false ceilings; Ceiling construction with regard to insulation characterised by edge details of the ceiling; e.g. securing to an adjacent wall for flexible tensioned membranes
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06NWALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N2201/00Chemical constitution of the fibres, threads or yarns
    • D06N2201/04Vegetal fibres
    • D06N2201/042Cellulose fibres, e.g. cotton
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06NWALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N2201/00Chemical constitution of the fibres, threads or yarns
    • D06N2201/08Inorganic fibres
    • D06N2201/082Glass fibres
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21HPULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H11/00Pulp or paper, comprising cellulose or lignocellulose fibres of natural origin only
    • D21H11/02Chemical or chemomechanical or chemothermomechanical pulp
    • D21H11/04Kraft or sulfate pulp
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21HPULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H11/00Pulp or paper, comprising cellulose or lignocellulose fibres of natural origin only
    • D21H11/16Pulp or paper, comprising cellulose or lignocellulose fibres of natural origin only modified by a particular after-treatment
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21HPULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H13/00Pulp or paper, comprising synthetic cellulose or non-cellulose fibres or web-forming material
    • D21H13/36Inorganic fibres or flakes
    • D21H13/38Inorganic fibres or flakes siliceous
    • D21H13/40Inorganic fibres or flakes siliceous vitreous, e.g. mineral wool, glass fibres
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21HPULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H15/00Pulp or paper, comprising fibres or web-forming material characterised by features other than their chemical constitution
    • D21H15/02Pulp or paper, comprising fibres or web-forming material characterised by features other than their chemical constitution characterised by configuration
    • D21H15/06Long fibres, i.e. fibres exceeding the upper length limit of conventional paper-making fibres; Filaments
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21HPULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H17/00Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
    • D21H17/03Non-macromolecular organic compounds
    • D21H17/05Non-macromolecular organic compounds containing elements other than carbon and hydrogen only
    • D21H17/06Alcohols; Phenols; Ethers; Aldehydes; Ketones; Acetals; Ketals
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21HPULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H21/00Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties
    • D21H21/14Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties characterised by function or properties in or on the paper
    • D21H21/34Ignifugeants

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
  • Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)
  • Paints Or Removers (AREA)

Description

14409 9 I de senere år har man på flere måder udviklet teknikken med opsætning af frithængende loftsbeklædninger i huse. Den ældste teknik bestod i, at man opspænd-te et væv af f.eks. jute, bomuld eller en anden tilgæn-5 gelig cellulosefiber og derefter malede det, sædvanligvis med hvid farve. Metoden er blevet forbedret ved, at man har erstattet vævet af elastisk plastfolie, som lettere kan opspændes, som bedre tåler, at huset sætter sig, og som ikke behøver at males, da det allerede har 10 en hvid, tæt overflade. En yderligere forbedring består i, at disse folier før opsætningen kvældes ved hjælp af et kvældningsmiddel, som efter opsætningen fordamper, hvorved folien krymper og strækker sig af sig selv. Ved iblanding af glasfibre eller andre ikke-brændbare fibre 15 i plastfolien opnås det, at denne ikke falder ned ved brand, samtidig med at den trods iblanding af disse ikke-kvældbare fibre beholder sin evne til at kvælde i opløsningsmiddel og senere at krympe til fuld strækning ved opløsningsmidlets fordampning efter montering 20 af loftsbeklædningen.14409 9 In recent years, the technique of installing free-hanging ceiling tiles in houses has been developed in several ways. The oldest technique consisted in clamping a tissue of e.g. jute, cotton or other available cellulosic fiber and then painted it, usually with a white color. The method has been improved by replacing the fabric with elastic, which is easier to clamp, which can better withstand the housing and which does not need to be painted since it already has a white, dense surface. A further improvement consists in the swelling of these films before the set-up by means of a swelling agent which evaporates after the set-up, whereby the film shrinks and extends by itself. By incorporating glass fibers or other non-combustible fibers 15 into the plastic film, it is obtained that it does not fall down by fire, while retaining its ability to swell in solvent and subsequently shrink to full, despite being mixed with these non-combustible fibers. stretching the solvent evaporation after mounting the ceiling lining 20.

Flere forsøg er blevet gjort på på tilsvarende måde at opspænde vævet stof af f.eks. jgte eller bomuld, efter at det først er kvældet i vand. Samtlige disse forsøg er imidlertid mislykkedes af den årsag, 25 at fibrene i disse stoffer, ligesom alle naturlige cellulosefibre, har en yderst ubetydelig kvældning i længderetningen, hvorimod kvældningen i fibrenes tværretning er betydelig. Man får altså ikke den kvældning af stoffets areal, som er en forudsætning 30 for anvendelse af denne fremgangsmåde ved opsætning af loftsbeklædninger.Several attempts have been made to similarly clamp woven fabric of e.g. hunt or cotton after it is first swollen in water. However, all of these attempts have failed for the reason that the fibers in these fabrics, like all natural cellulose fibers, have a very slight longitudinal swelling, whereas the swelling in the transverse direction of the fibers is considerable. Thus, the swelling of the area of the fabric is not required, which is a prerequisite for the application of this method in the setting of ceiling coverings.

Det har imidlertid nu ifølge opfindelsen vist sig, at problemet kan løses ved anvendelse af et i og for sig kendt vævet eller strikket cellulosefibermate-35 riale på basis af cellulose med en i forhold til na-tiv cellulose lav krystallinitetsgrad. Et sådant materiale har overraskende vist sig at fungere aldeles udmærket til det foreliggende formål. Den lave 144099 2 længdekvældning hos fibre af naturlig eller nativ cellulose hænger sammen med den høje krystallinitetsgrad og i en vis udstrækning den krystaltype, som kendetegner den native cellulose, også kaldt Cellulose I. Hvis 5 man fremstiller stoffer af cellulosefibre, hvis krystallinitetsgrad er sænket og hvis mængde af amorft materiale dermed er øget i forhold til den native cellulose, udfra hvilken de er fremstillet, så kan disse stoffer kvældes i vand, således at de i areal 10 kan blive en halv snes procent større. Et sådant kvæl-det stof kan anvendes på samme måde som de tidligere nævnte plastfolier til opsætning som loftsbeklædning i et rum, idet de ved krympning spænder sig selv, når vandet (kvældningsmidlet) fordamper.However, it has now been found, according to the invention, that the problem can be solved by using a cellulose fiber woven or knitted cellulose fiber material known per se with a low degree of crystallinity relative to the natural cellulose. Such a material has surprisingly proved to work perfectly well for the present purpose. The low longitudinal swelling of fibers of natural or native cellulose is related to the high degree of crystallinity and, to some extent, the crystal type which characterizes the native cellulose, also called Cellulose I. if the amount of amorphous material is thus increased in relation to the native cellulose from which they are made, then these substances can be swollen in water, so that in area 10 they may be about a dozen percent greater. Such an asphyxiated substance can be used in the same way as the aforementioned plastic foils for setting up as ceiling linings in a room, as they shrink themselves when the water (swelling agent) evaporates.

15 Opfindelsen består i overensstemmelse hermed i anvendelse som frithængende lofts- eller indervægs-beklædning af et vævet eller strikket cellulosefiber-materiale som nævnt på basis af cellulose med en i forhold til nativ cellulose lav krystallinitetsgrad 20 (Cellulose II) og med deraf følgende god kvældbarhed i vand både i fibrenes længderetning og i deres tværretning, hvilken lofts- eller indervægsbeklædning under tørring efter montering i våd kvældet tilstand er selvspændende både i længde- og tværretning.Accordingly, the invention consists in use as a free-hanging ceiling or interior wall covering of a woven or knitted cellulose fiber material as mentioned on the basis of cellulose having a low degree of crystallinity 20 relative to native cellulose (Cellulose II) and consequently good swellability in water both in the longitudinal direction and in their transverse direction, which ceiling or interior wall covering during drying after installation in wet swollen condition is self-tensioning in both longitudinal and transverse directions.

25 De almindeligste metoder til sænkning af cellu losens krystallinitetsgrad er behandling af denne med stærke baser eller andre stærke elektrolytter i vandopløsning eller med flydende ammoniak, aminer eller kvaternære ammoniumforbindelser og påfølgende bort-30 vaskning af reagenserne eller opløsning af cellulosen og spinding af fibre af den, f.eks. ved viskose- eller kuprammoniummetoden, eller ved regenerering af cellulosen udfra fibre af cellulosederivater, f.eks. acetatcellulose, nitrocellulose og lignende.The most common methods for lowering the degree of crystallinity of the cellulose are to treat it with strong bases or other strong electrolytes in aqueous solution or with liquid ammonia, amines or quaternary ammonium compounds and subsequent washing of the reagents or dissolving the cellulose and spinning the fibers thereof. , eg. by the viscose or cuprammonium method, or by regenerating the cellulose from fibers of cellulose derivatives, e.g. acetate cellulose, nitrocellulose and the like.

35 Andre metoder omfatter delvis substituering af cellulosens hydroxygrupper med f.eks. methyl-, ethyl-, hydroxyethy1, hydroxypropyl-, carboxymethyl-, amino-ethyl- eller amidoacrylgrupper og lignende.Other methods include partially substituting the hydroxy groups of the cellulose with e.g. methyl, ethyl, hydroxyethyl, hydroxypropyl, carboxymethyl, aminoethyl or amidoacryl groups and the like.

144099 3144099 3

Ved de fleste af disse metoder forandres ikke blot cellulosens krystallinitetsgrad men også dens krystalstruktur, og den omdannes til den form, som sædvanligvis kaldes Cellulose II.Most of these methods change not only the crystallinity degree of the cellulose but also its crystal structure, and it is transformed into the form commonly called Cellulose II.

5 Forskellen mellem krystalstrukturen hos Cellu lose I og Cellulose II består først og fremmest i, at en krystalakse hos elementarcellerne er forlænget hos Cellulose II, og at vinklen mellem to krystalakser samtidig er formindsket. Forskellige forfattere angiver 10 forskellige værdier, som er sammenstillet til følgende middelværdier af Treiber i hans bog "Die Chemie der Pflanzenzellwand", side 157, (Berlin 1957): Længde i Ångstrøm for akserne Vinkel mellem a b C a og b 15 Cellulose I 8,20 10,29 7,83 84°23'5 The difference between the crystal structure of Cellulose I and Cellulose II consists primarily in that a crystal axis of the elemental cells is extended in Cellulose II and that the angle between two crystal axes is simultaneously reduced. Various authors state 10 different values which are compared to the following mean values by Treiber in his book "Die Chemie der Pflanzenzellwand", page 157, (Berlin 1957): Length in Angstrom of the Axes Angle between ab C a and b 15 Cellulose I 8, 10.29 7.83 84 ° 23 '

Cellulose II 8,25 10,3 9,25 61°13'Cellulose II 8.25 10.3 9.25 61 ° 13 '

Elementarcellerne i Cellulose II er altså noget "løsere pakket" end i Cellulose I og skulle derfor have større tendens til kvældning.The elemental cells in Cellulose II are thus somewhat "looser packed" than in Cellulose I and should therefore have a greater tendency for swelling.

20 Krystallinitetsgraden, som angivet i procent krystallinsk materiale beregnet på fibrenes fulde cellulosemængde, varierer hos forskellige cellulosematerialer. Forskellige målemetoder giver også forskellige resultater, således som det fremgår af følgende tabel-25 ler:The degree of crystallinity, as a percentage of crystalline material calculated on the full cellulose content of the fibers, varies with different cellulose materials. Different measurement methods also give different results, as can be seen in the following tables:

Philipp, Nelson og Ziifle angiver i "Textile Research Journal", 17, 585 (1947), følgende værdier for krystallinitet hos forskellige cellulosefibre, målt ved sur hydrolyse: 30 Materiale Krystallinitet %Philipp, Nelson and Ziifle, in "Textile Research Journal", 17, 585 (1947), give the following values for crystallinity of various cellulose fibers measured by acid hydrolysis: 30 Material Crystallinity%

Ramie 95Ramie 95

Bomuld 82-87Cotton 82-87

Bomuldslinters 88Cotton liners 88

Bomuld, mercericeret under strækning 78 35 Bomuld, mercericeret uden strækning 68Cotton, mercerised under stretch 78 35 Cotton, mercerised without stretch 68

Fortisan ® (forsæbet acetat cellulosefiber) 83Fortisan ® (saponified acetate cellulose fiber) 83

Cordura® rayon (extra stærk) 62Cordura® rayon (extra strong) 62

Rayon til textiler 68 U4099 4 P.H. Hermans ogå&, Meldinger angiver i "Journal Polymer Sci", 4, 135 ^949) ; 5, 656 (1950); 6, 533 (1951) følgende værdier for krystalliniteter i cellulosefibre, målt dels ved røntgendiagrammer, dels ved 5 tæthedsbestemmelser.Rayon for textiles 68 U4099 4 P.H. Herman's also &, Messages indicate in "Journal Polymer Sci", 4, 135 ^ 949); 5, 656 (1950); 6, 533 (1951), the following values for crystallinities in cellulose fibers, measured partly by X-ray diagrams and partly by 5 density determinations.

Krystallinitet %Crystallinity%

Ved røntgendiagram Ved tæthedsbestemmelse Bomuld 70 60By X-ray diagram By density determination Cotton 70 60

Ramie 70 60 10 Sulfit-cellulose 65 50Ramie 70 60 10 Sulfite cellulose 65 50

Fortisan® 50 -Fortisan® 50 -

Viscose-rayon 40 25Viscose rayon 40 25

Det har nu vist sig, at man for at opnå tilstrækkelig længdekvældning i de cellulosefibre, som 15 man vil anvende til kvældbare, selvspændende loftsbeklædninger, bør benytte sådanne af de som angivet i det foregående behandlede cellulosefibre, hvor cellulosens krystallinitet er mere end 5% lavere end hos den native cellulose, af hvilken de er fremstillet.It has now been found that in order to achieve sufficient length swelling in the cellulose fibers which will be used for swellable, self-tensioning ceilings, such as those mentioned in the preceding treated cellulose fibers should be used where the crystallinity of the cellulose is more than 5% lower than in the native cellulose from which they are made.

20 Det har ligeledes vist sig væsentligt for op nåelse af stor arealkvældning hos stofferne, at man har en lav og mådelig orienteringsgrad i de anvendte cellulosefibre. Denne orientering frembringes såvel ved mercericering af cellulosefibre som ved spinding 25 af opløst cellulose, ved at fibrene strækkes under processen. Man bør altså ved fremstilling af fibre til det foreliggende formål undgå denne strækning eller holde den mådelig.20 It has also been found essential to achieve a large area swelling of the fabrics that one has a low and moderate orientation in the cellulose fibers used. This orientation is produced by the mercerization of cellulose fibers as well as by spinning of dissolved cellulose by stretching the fibers during the process. Thus, in the manufacture of fibers for the present purpose, this stretch should be avoided or kept moderately.

Til opnåelse af specielle effekter, f.eks. med 30 hensyn til brændegenskaber, kan man blande cellulosefibrene med fibre af et andet materiale, f.eks. mineralfibre. Dette kan ske enten ved spindingen, således at man spinder garn af blandingsfibre, eller ved vævningen, hvor man anvender garner af forskellige fiber-35 materialer i samme stof.For obtaining special effects, e.g. with regard to burning properties, the cellulose fibers can be mixed with fibers of another material, e.g. mineral fibers. This can be done either by the spinning, so as to spin yarn of mixed fibers, or by the weaving using yarns of different fiber materials in the same fabric.

Fibermaterialet bør før eller efter vævningen behandles med flammehæmmende midler, som gør, at stoffet ikke kan brænde, men blot forkulles, når det ud- 144099 5 sættes for brand. Eksempler på sådanne midler er phos-phater, phosphiter, phosphoniumforbindelser, borater, brom- eller chlorforbindelser, antimonforbindelser og lignende.The fibrous material should be treated with flame retardants before or after weaving, which means that the fabric cannot burn, but only charred when exposed to fire. Examples of such agents are phosphates, phosphites, phosphonium compounds, borates, bromine or chlorine compounds, antimony compounds and the like.

5 Stoffet kan desuden kascheres med en i vand kvældbar plastmasse, som f.eks. kan give produktet en tættere overflade, bedre flammeresistens eller andre ønskede egenskaber. Plasten kan påføres i form af en opløsning, en emulsion eller som folie. Disse belæg-* 10 ninger bør som nævnt være kvældbare i vand, således at plastlaget følger med stoffet under kvældningen af materialet.In addition, the substance can be cached with a water-swellable plastic mass, such as e.g. can give the product a denser surface, better flame resistance or other desired properties. The plastic can be applied in the form of a solution, an emulsion or as a foil. These coatings should, as mentioned, be swellable in water so that the plastic layer accompanies the fabric during the swelling of the material.

De følgende eksempler viser nogle udførelsesformer for anvendelsen ifølge opfindelsen af de om-15 handlede cellulosefibermaterialer.The following examples show some embodiments of the use according to the invention of the present cellulose fiber materials.

Eksempel 1Example 1

Et vævet bomuldsstof dyppes 5 minutter i en 85^0 varm, 3%'s opløsning af natriumhydroxid i vand. Derefter dyppes det i et minut i en 25°C varm, 20%'s opløs-20 ning af natriumhydroxid i vand, hvorpå det øjeblikkeligt befries for al lud ved skylning med vand. Under hele processen undgår man at strække dugen mere end nødvendigt for dens transport gennem badene.A woven cotton fabric is dipped for 5 minutes in an 85 µl hot, 3% sodium hydroxide solution in water. Subsequently, it is immersed for one minute in a 25 ° C hot, 20% solution of sodium hydroxide in water, whereupon it is immediately freed of all liquor by rinsing with water. During the whole process, the cloth is avoided to stretch more than necessary for its transport through the baths.

25 Efter yderligere omhyggelig udvaskning af alle ludrester imprægneres med en opløsning af 10 dele diam-moniumorthophosphat og 30 dele urinstof i 60 dele vand. Efter afpresning af overskudsopløsningen tørres stoffet i 13 minutter ved en temperatur på 160°C. Der-30 ester vaskes det i vand og tørres. Denne antiflamme-behandling gør, at stoffet ikke kan nære forbrænding, men blot forkulles til en svært forasket kulskal ved brand. Stoffet sys sammen til stykker af passende størrelse til loftsbeklædning ved hjælp af bomulds-35 tråd, som er flammebeskyttelsesbehandlet på lignende måde, eller med glasfibertråd. Derefter kvældes stoffet i vand og fastgøres mod væggene i passende højde under loftet i det rum, hvor det skal fungere som loftsbe- 144099 6 klædning. Det behøver hertil ikke at udspændes, men hænger blot løst ned som en sæk. Ved vandets fordampning krymper stoffet og udspændes af sig selv.After further careful washing of all soot residues, impregnate with a solution of 10 parts diamonium orthophosphate and 30 parts urea in 60 parts water. After extruding the excess solution, the fabric is dried for 13 minutes at a temperature of 160 ° C. Then, ester is washed in water and dried. This anti-flame treatment means that the substance can not burn, but is simply charred to a hard ash shell on fire. The fabric is sewn together into pieces of suitable size for ceiling linings using cotton yarns which are similarly flame retardant or with fiberglass yarns. The fabric is then swollen in water and secured to the walls at a suitable height under the ceiling in the room where it is intended to serve as a ceiling covering. It does not need to be stretched for this, but simply hangs loose like a sack. Upon evaporation of the water the substance shrinks and is stretched by itself.

Man kan yderligere belægge dette stof med plast 5 for at få et mere brandsikkert produkt. Følgende eksempel viser en udførelsesform derfor.This fabric can be further coated with plastic 5 for a more fireproof product. The following example illustrates one embodiment thereof.

Eksempel 2Example 2

Stof som beskrevet i eksempel 1 bestryges på den ene side med følgende pasta: 10 8 dele ethylhydroxyethylcellulose 7 " triethanolamin 4 " triaminotriazin 5 " pentaerytrit 7 " ammoniumpolyphosphat 15 3 " titandioxid 0,5 " oxaldehyd 2,5 " myresyre 63 " vandFabric as described in Example 1 is coated on one side with the following paste: 10 8 parts ethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose 7 "triethanolamine 4" triaminotriazine 5 "pentaerythritis 7" ammonium polyphosphate 15 3 "titanium dioxide 0.5" oxaldehyde 2.5 "formic acid 63" water

Den strøgne overflade bestrøes med 3 cm lange 2 20 glasfibre til en vægt på 20 g/m og tørres derefter i en ovn ved 100°C. Efter tørringen bestryges dugen igen på samme side med samme pasta og tørres endnu engang på samme måde.The ironed surface is sprinkled with 3 cm long 2 20 glass fibers to a weight of 20 g / m and then dried in an oven at 100 ° C. After drying, the cloth is again coated on the same side with the same paste and dried again in the same way.

Den frembragte dug skæres i stykker af passende 25 størrelse, fugtes i vand til maksimal kvældning og opsættes som loftsbeklædning på samme måde som angivet i eksempel 1.The fabric produced is cut into pieces of suitable size, wetted in water for maximum swelling and set up as a ceiling covering in the same manner as in Example 1.

Den belægning, som er anbragt på stoffet, har de egenskaber, at der ved brand fås et kraftigt kulskum, 30 som er meget svært forasket. Dette kulskum virker varmeisolerende og beskytter derved ovenoverliggende partier af bygningen mod så kraftig opvarmning, at der sker antænding.The coating applied to the fabric has the properties of producing a strong carbon foam, which is very hard ash on fire. This carbon foam acts heat insulating and thus protects the overlying parts of the building from such intense heating that ignition occurs.

Ethylhydroxyethylcellulosen er ved reaktion med 35 oxaldehyder omdannet til en vanduopløselig form, men er stadig kvældbar i vand. Loftet kan derfor efter opsætningen vaskes, om dette skulle være nødvendigt.The ethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose is reacted with 35 oxaldehydes to form a water-insoluble form, but is still swellable in water. Therefore, the ceiling can be washed after setup if this is necessary.

144099 7144099 7

Eksempel 3Example 3

Man fremstiller stabelfibre af viskosecellulose under anvendelse af ubetydelig strækning under spindingen. 95 Dele af disse fibre blandes med 5 dele alumi-5 niumsilikatfiber med fiberdiameter på 2,5 μ og kartes og spindes til et garn med finhed nr. 30. Af garnet væves et stof med 10 tråde pr. cm i både kæde og skud.Viscous cellulose staple fibers are made using negligible stretching during the spinning. 95 Parts of these fibers are mixed with 5 parts of aluminum silicate fiber with a fiber diameter of 2.5 µ and carded and spun into a yarn of finesse No. 30. From the yarn, a fabric is woven with 10 threads per minute. cm in both chain and shoots.

Dette stof flammebeskyttelsesbehandles med amonium-phosphat og urinstof på samme måde som angivet i ek-10 sempel 1 og kan så anvendes som loftsbeklædning på samme måde som angivet i eksempel 1. Man kan ligeledes som angivet i eksempel 2 bestryge dette med plastmasse.This substance is flame retardant treated with ammonium phosphate and urea in the same manner as in Example 1 and can then be used as ceiling covering in the same manner as in Example 1. It can also be coated with plastic pulp as in Example 2.

Her behøver man ikke at bestrø med glastråde, da de allerede i garnet indspundne aluminiumsilikattråde giver 15 tilstrækkelig bæreevne for stoffet ved brand, således at dette kan danne en sammenhængende kulskum-mineral-fibermåtte.Here, there is no need to be sprinkled with glass yarns, as the aluminum silicate yarns already embedded in the yarn provide sufficient load-bearing capacity for the fabric under fire, so that this can form a cohesive carbon-foam mineral fiber mat.

Eksempel 4Example 4

Et 400 deniers vikosesilkegarn, som er frem-20 stillet med ubetydelig strækning under spindingen, væves sammen med et ligeså tykt glasfibergarn til et stof med 10 tråde pr. cm i både kæde- og skudretningen. Glasgarnerne udgør hver tiende tråd i såvel kædesom skudretningen. Stoffet flammebeskyttelsesbehand-25 les med ammoniumphosphat og urinstof på samme måde som angivet i eksempel 1. Det kan derefter anvendes som kvældbar loftsbeklædning. Man kan desuden belægge det med plastmasse på samme måde som angivet i eksempel 3 før opsætning som antændelsesbeskyttende lofts-30 beklædning. Da krympningen er større end kvældningen, hindrer disse glasfibergarner, som hverken deltager i kvældning eller krympning, ikke anvendelsen af dugen til selvspændende loftsbeklædning. Man kan øge krympningseffekten ved allerede under vævningen at 35 have fugtet viskosesilkegarnet. Glasgarnerne giver ved krympningen efter loftsbeklædningens opsætning en vis krusningseffekt, som kan udnyttes deko-A 400 denier silk silk yarn made with negligible stretching during spinning is woven together with an equally thick fiberglass yarn to a fabric of 10 threads per minute. cm in both chain and shot direction. The glass yarns make up every tenth thread in the chain as well as the shot direction. The fabric is flame retardant with ammonium phosphate and urea in the same manner as in Example 1. It can then be used as a swellable ceiling covering. In addition, it can be coated with plastic pulp in the same manner as in Example 3 before being set up as an anti-inflammatory ceiling lining. As the shrinkage is greater than the swelling, these fiberglass yarns, which neither participate in swelling nor shrinkage, do not prevent the use of the tablecloth for self-tensioning ceiling cladding. The shrinkage effect can be increased by already wetting the viscose silk yarn during the weaving. The glass yarns, when shrinking according to the configuration of the ceiling covering, give a certain ripple effect which can be utilized deco-

DK169674A 1973-03-28 1974-03-27 NURSING FLAT MATERIAL FOR SETTING LIKE FREE-HANDLING CELLS DK144099C (en)

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