DE2311285C3 - Verfahren zur Gewinnung von Kupfer aus sulfidischen Kupfermineralien - Google Patents
Verfahren zur Gewinnung von Kupfer aus sulfidischen KupfermineralienInfo
- Publication number
- DE2311285C3 DE2311285C3 DE2311285A DE2311285A DE2311285C3 DE 2311285 C3 DE2311285 C3 DE 2311285C3 DE 2311285 A DE2311285 A DE 2311285A DE 2311285 A DE2311285 A DE 2311285A DE 2311285 C3 DE2311285 C3 DE 2311285C3
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- slurry
- leaching
- copper
- temperature
- container
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 title claims description 56
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 54
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 54
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 45
- 229910001779 copper mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 13
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 title description 3
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 90
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 72
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 claims description 66
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005188 flotation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052951 chalcopyrite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- DVRDHUBQLOKMHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chalcopyrite Chemical compound [S-2].[S-2].[Fe+2].[Cu+2] DVRDHUBQLOKMHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 7
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 7
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 6
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- BWFPGXWASODCHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper monosulfide Chemical class [Cu]=S BWFPGXWASODCHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 5
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000908 ammonium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 4
- OMZSGWSJDCOLKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) sulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[Cu+2] OMZSGWSJDCOLKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052971 enargite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052683 pyrite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- NIFIFKQPDTWWGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrite Chemical compound [Fe+2].[S-][S-] NIFIFKQPDTWWGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011028 pyrite Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 4
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 3
- OXSWKJLAKXNIFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane sulfuric acid Chemical compound N.N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O OXSWKJLAKXNIFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052569 sulfide mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZURAKLKIKYCUJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;azane Chemical compound N.[Cu+2] ZURAKLKIKYCUJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 239000005749 Copper compound Substances 0.000 description 1
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001124569 Lycaenidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia nh3 Chemical compound N.N XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001174 ascending effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- PJVURKKXFWFCAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane;sulfuric acid;hydrate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PJVURKKXFWFCAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000014987 copper Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001880 copper compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000029087 digestion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- -1 ferrous metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010985 leather Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum disulfide Chemical compound S=[Mo]=S CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052952 pyrrhotite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012047 saturated solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- IIACRCGMVDHOTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfamic acid Chemical class NS(O)(=O)=O IIACRCGMVDHOTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur monoxide Chemical class S=O XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052815 sulfur oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910021653 sulphate ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 210000002700 urine Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B19/00—Obtaining zinc or zinc oxide
- C22B19/20—Obtaining zinc otherwise than by distilling
- C22B19/24—Obtaining zinc otherwise than by distilling with leaching with alkaline solutions, e.g. ammonia
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B15/00—Obtaining copper
- C22B15/0063—Hydrometallurgy
- C22B15/0065—Leaching or slurrying
- C22B15/0078—Leaching or slurrying with ammoniacal solutions, e.g. ammonium hydroxide
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B15/00—Obtaining copper
- C22B15/0063—Hydrometallurgy
- C22B15/0084—Treating solutions
- C22B15/0089—Treating solutions by chemical methods
- C22B15/0093—Treating solutions by chemical methods by gases, e.g. hydrogen or hydrogen sulfide
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B23/00—Obtaining nickel or cobalt
- C22B23/04—Obtaining nickel or cobalt by wet processes
- C22B23/0407—Leaching processes
- C22B23/0446—Leaching processes with an ammoniacal liquor or with a hydroxide of an alkali or alkaline-earth metal
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US23245472A | 1972-03-07 | 1972-03-07 |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE2311285A1 DE2311285A1 (de) | 1973-09-13 |
| DE2311285B2 DE2311285B2 (de) | 1981-07-09 |
| DE2311285C3 true DE2311285C3 (de) | 1982-03-04 |
Family
ID=22873179
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE2311285A Expired DE2311285C3 (de) | 1972-03-07 | 1973-03-07 | Verfahren zur Gewinnung von Kupfer aus sulfidischen Kupfermineralien |
Country Status (23)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5420935B2 (sv) |
| AR (1) | AR196917A1 (sv) |
| AU (1) | AU476026B2 (sv) |
| BE (1) | BE796326A (sv) |
| BR (2) | BR7301662D0 (sv) |
| CA (1) | CA997567A (sv) |
| CS (1) | CS209459B2 (sv) |
| DE (1) | DE2311285C3 (sv) |
| ES (1) | ES412375A1 (sv) |
| FI (1) | FI58352C (sv) |
| FR (1) | FR2175095B1 (sv) |
| GB (1) | GB1404243A (sv) |
| IE (1) | IE37431B1 (sv) |
| IL (1) | IL41673A (sv) |
| IT (1) | IT980495B (sv) |
| NL (1) | NL7303110A (sv) |
| NO (1) | NO135942C (sv) |
| PH (1) | PH10189A (sv) |
| SE (1) | SE399439B (sv) |
| TR (1) | TR17595A (sv) |
| YU (1) | YU58673A (sv) |
| ZA (2) | ZA731445B (sv) |
| ZM (1) | ZM3973A1 (sv) |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4331635A (en) * | 1972-03-07 | 1982-05-25 | Atlantic Richfield Company | Recovery of copper and/or nickel and/or zinc |
| GB1490813A (en) * | 1975-07-21 | 1977-11-02 | Isc Smelting | Leaching of copper dross |
| FI120187B (sv) * | 2003-03-14 | 2009-07-31 | Outotec Oyj | Förfarande för reglering av en process |
| PE20171127A1 (es) | 2014-12-29 | 2017-08-08 | Freeport Minerals Corp | Sistemas y metodos para monitoreo de sistemas de recuperacion de metales |
| CN115074534B (zh) * | 2022-06-30 | 2024-01-23 | 包头稀土研究院 | 一种从硫化物沉淀中回收有价元素的方法 |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE825747C (de) * | 1948-11-06 | 1951-12-20 | Sherritt Gordon Mines Ltd | Verfahren zur Gewinnung von Nickel |
| US2576374A (en) * | 1949-10-08 | 1951-11-27 | Whitwell Percy | Learner (driver) distinguishing plate |
| BE514331A (sv) * | 1951-09-21 | 1900-01-01 | ||
| US2822263A (en) * | 1954-09-01 | 1958-02-04 | Sherritt Gordon Mines Ltd | Method of extracting copper values from copper bearing mineral sulphides |
| DE1049105B (de) * | 1957-11-23 | 1959-01-22 | Norddeutsche Affinerie | Verfahren zur Aufarbeitung arsenidischer und/oder antimonidischer Huetten-Zwischenprodukte |
| DE1161432B (de) * | 1962-11-21 | 1964-01-16 | Norddeutsche Affinerie | Verfahren zur Aufarbeitung arsenidischer und/oder antimonidischer Huetten-Zwischenprodukte |
-
1973
- 1973-03-01 ZA ZA731445A patent/ZA731445B/xx unknown
- 1973-03-01 ZA ZA731446A patent/ZA731446B/xx unknown
- 1973-03-01 CA CA164,973A patent/CA997567A/en not_active Expired
- 1973-03-02 AU AU52833/73A patent/AU476026B2/en not_active Expired
- 1973-03-02 IL IL41673A patent/IL41673A/en unknown
- 1973-03-05 YU YU58673A patent/YU58673A/xx unknown
- 1973-03-05 NO NO88273A patent/NO135942C/no unknown
- 1973-03-05 PH PH14392*A patent/PH10189A/en unknown
- 1973-03-06 BE BE128413A patent/BE796326A/xx unknown
- 1973-03-06 CS CS731603A patent/CS209459B2/cs unknown
- 1973-03-06 NL NL7303110A patent/NL7303110A/xx not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1973-03-06 GB GB1068873A patent/GB1404243A/en not_active Expired
- 1973-03-06 SE SE7303107A patent/SE399439B/sv unknown
- 1973-03-06 FI FI689/73A patent/FI58352C/fi active
- 1973-03-06 ES ES412375A patent/ES412375A1/es not_active Expired
- 1973-03-06 IT IT6760673A patent/IT980495B/it active
- 1973-03-06 FR FR7307986A patent/FR2175095B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1973-03-06 IE IE361/73A patent/IE37431B1/xx unknown
- 1973-03-07 TR TR1759573A patent/TR17595A/xx unknown
- 1973-03-07 JP JP2625573A patent/JPS5420935B2/ja not_active Expired
- 1973-03-07 DE DE2311285A patent/DE2311285C3/de not_active Expired
- 1973-03-07 BR BR166273A patent/BR7301662D0/pt unknown
- 1973-03-07 BR BR165873A patent/BR7301658D0/pt unknown
- 1973-03-07 AR AR24694273A patent/AR196917A1/es active
- 1973-03-07 ZM ZM3973A patent/ZM3973A1/xx unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FI58352C (fi) | 1981-01-12 |
| JPS5420935B2 (sv) | 1979-07-26 |
| NL7303110A (sv) | 1973-09-11 |
| BR7301662D0 (pt) | 1974-05-16 |
| DE2311285B2 (de) | 1981-07-09 |
| NO135942C (sv) | 1977-06-29 |
| ES412375A1 (es) | 1976-01-01 |
| YU58673A (en) | 1982-02-28 |
| PH10189A (en) | 1976-09-23 |
| FR2175095B1 (sv) | 1977-08-12 |
| IT980495B (it) | 1974-09-30 |
| BE796326A (fr) | 1973-09-06 |
| ZM3973A1 (en) | 1975-05-21 |
| IL41673A0 (en) | 1973-05-31 |
| CS209459B2 (en) | 1981-12-31 |
| DE2311285A1 (de) | 1973-09-13 |
| NO135942B (sv) | 1977-03-21 |
| TR17595A (tr) | 1975-07-23 |
| BR7301658D0 (pt) | 1974-05-16 |
| SE399439B (sv) | 1978-02-13 |
| GB1404243A (en) | 1975-08-28 |
| JPS48102024A (sv) | 1973-12-21 |
| FR2175095A1 (sv) | 1973-10-19 |
| AU476026B2 (en) | 1976-09-09 |
| AR196917A1 (es) | 1974-02-28 |
| AU5283373A (en) | 1974-09-05 |
| ZA731446B (en) | 1974-04-24 |
| IE37431B1 (en) | 1977-07-20 |
| IE37431L (en) | 1973-09-07 |
| ZA731445B (en) | 1974-07-31 |
| FI58352B (fi) | 1980-09-30 |
| CA997567A (en) | 1976-09-28 |
| IL41673A (en) | 1976-11-30 |
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