DE2207048C3 - Verfahren zur radialen Erweiterung und Stabilisierung der Plasmasäule in Plasmaofen zur Hochtemperaturbehandlung von durch die Plasmasäule hindurchgeführten Stoffen, und Plasmaofen zur Ausführung dieses Verfahren - Google Patents
Verfahren zur radialen Erweiterung und Stabilisierung der Plasmasäule in Plasmaofen zur Hochtemperaturbehandlung von durch die Plasmasäule hindurchgeführten Stoffen, und Plasmaofen zur Ausführung dieses VerfahrenInfo
- Publication number
- DE2207048C3 DE2207048C3 DE2207048A DE2207048A DE2207048C3 DE 2207048 C3 DE2207048 C3 DE 2207048C3 DE 2207048 A DE2207048 A DE 2207048A DE 2207048 A DE2207048 A DE 2207048A DE 2207048 C3 DE2207048 C3 DE 2207048C3
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- plasma
- column
- furnace
- plasma column
- furnace according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 41
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 title claims description 13
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 title claims description 5
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 title claims description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title description 10
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium(iv) silicate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052863 mullite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005672 electromagnetic field Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- -1 ores Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 230000002925 chemical effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims 1
- WLTSUBTXQJEURO-UHFFFAOYSA-N thorium tungsten Chemical compound [W].[Th] WLTSUBTXQJEURO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 54
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 27
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 21
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 17
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 12
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 7
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 4
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 4
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 4
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 3
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron oxide Inorganic materials [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphur dioxide Chemical compound O=S=O RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000013980 iron oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Fe+2] VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(II,III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]O[Fe]=O SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- SOQBVABWOPYFQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);titanium(4+) Chemical class [O-2].[O-2].[Ti+4] SOQBVABWOPYFQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052845 zircon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 241000282461 Canis lupus Species 0.000 description 1
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MBMLMWLHJBBADN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ferrous sulfide Chemical compound [Fe]=S MBMLMWLHJBBADN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101100400378 Mus musculus Marveld2 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 235000010678 Paulownia tomentosa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000002834 Paulownia tomentosa Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YKTSYUJCYHOUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] Chemical compound [O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] YKTSYUJCYHOUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- JRBRVDCKNXZZGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane;copper Chemical compound [AlH3].[Cu] JRBRVDCKNXZZGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052948 bornite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 1
- 229910052947 chalcocite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004581 coalescence Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- OMZSGWSJDCOLKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) sulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[Cu+2] OMZSGWSJDCOLKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009533 lab test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012263 liquid product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010309 melting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002688 persistence Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010405 reoxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012798 spherical particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B33/00—Silicon; Compounds thereof
- C01B33/20—Silicates
- C01B33/36—Silicates having base-exchange properties but not having molecular sieve properties
- C01B33/38—Layered base-exchange silicates, e.g. clays, micas or alkali metal silicates of kenyaite or magadiite type
- C01B33/42—Micas ; Interstratified clay-mica products
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B13/00—Oxygen; Ozone; Oxides or hydroxides in general
- C01B13/14—Methods for preparing oxides or hydroxides in general
- C01B13/145—After-treatment of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. pulverising, drying, decreasing the acidity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B33/00—Silicon; Compounds thereof
- C01B33/06—Metal silicides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B33/00—Silicon; Compounds thereof
- C01B33/20—Silicates
- C01B33/26—Aluminium-containing silicates, i.e. silico-aluminates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B33/00—Silicon; Compounds thereof
- C01B33/20—Silicates
- C01B33/36—Silicates having base-exchange properties but not having molecular sieve properties
- C01B33/38—Layered base-exchange silicates, e.g. clays, micas or alkali metal silicates of kenyaite or magadiite type
- C01B33/40—Clays
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B33/00—Silicon; Compounds thereof
- C01B33/20—Silicates
- C01B33/36—Silicates having base-exchange properties but not having molecular sieve properties
- C01B33/46—Amorphous silicates, e.g. so-called "amorphous zeolites"
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B35/00—Boron; Compounds thereof
- C01B35/02—Boron; Borides
- C01B35/023—Boron
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B35/00—Boron; Compounds thereof
- C01B35/02—Boron; Borides
- C01B35/04—Metal borides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01F—COMPOUNDS OF THE METALS BERYLLIUM, MAGNESIUM, ALUMINIUM, CALCIUM, STRONTIUM, BARIUM, RADIUM, THORIUM, OR OF THE RARE-EARTH METALS
- C01F7/00—Compounds of aluminium
- C01F7/02—Aluminium oxide; Aluminium hydroxide; Aluminates
- C01F7/021—After-treatment of oxides or hydroxides
- C01F7/027—Treatment involving fusion or vaporisation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G25/00—Compounds of zirconium
- C01G25/02—Oxides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
- C21B13/12—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes in electric furnaces
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B4/00—Electrothermal treatment of ores or metallurgical products for obtaining metals or alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B4/00—Electrothermal treatment of ores or metallurgical products for obtaining metals or alloys
- C22B4/005—Electrothermal treatment of ores or metallurgical products for obtaining metals or alloys using plasma jets
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
- C22B9/16—Remelting metals
- C22B9/22—Remelting metals with heating by wave energy or particle radiation
- C22B9/226—Remelting metals with heating by wave energy or particle radiation by electric discharge, e.g. plasma
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
- H01J37/32—Gas-filled discharge tubes
- H01J37/32009—Arrangements for generation of plasma specially adapted for examination or treatment of objects, e.g. plasma sources
- H01J37/32055—Arc discharge
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B7/00—Heating by electric discharge
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/51—Particles with a specific particle size distribution
- C01P2004/52—Particles with a specific particle size distribution highly monodisperse size distribution
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/60—Particles characterised by their size
- C01P2004/61—Micrometer sized, i.e. from 1-100 micrometer
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/80—Particles consisting of a mixture of two or more inorganic phases
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/80—Compositional purity
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/10—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions
- Y02P10/134—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions by avoiding CO2, e.g. using hydrogen
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Vertical, Hearth, Or Arc Furnaces (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
- Discharge Heating (AREA)
- Crucibles And Fluidized-Bed Furnaces (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB478971A GB1390351A (en) | 1971-02-16 | 1971-02-16 | High temperature treatment of materials |
| GB479071 | 1971-02-16 | ||
| GB3885571 | 1971-08-18 |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE2207048A1 DE2207048A1 (de) | 1972-08-24 |
| DE2207048B2 DE2207048B2 (de) | 1973-11-15 |
| DE2207048C3 true DE2207048C3 (de) | 1974-06-20 |
Family
ID=27254502
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE2207048A Expired DE2207048C3 (de) | 1971-02-16 | 1972-02-15 | Verfahren zur radialen Erweiterung und Stabilisierung der Plasmasäule in Plasmaofen zur Hochtemperaturbehandlung von durch die Plasmasäule hindurchgeführten Stoffen, und Plasmaofen zur Ausführung dieses Verfahren |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3783167A (enExample) |
| JP (1) | JPS5515838B1 (enExample) |
| CA (1) | CA957733A (enExample) |
| DE (1) | DE2207048C3 (enExample) |
| FR (1) | FR2125924A5 (enExample) |
| GB (1) | GB1390351A (enExample) |
| IT (1) | IT960660B (enExample) |
Families Citing this family (40)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1511832A (en) * | 1974-05-07 | 1978-05-24 | Tetronics Res & Dev Co Ltd | Arc furnaces and to methods of treating materials in such furnaces |
| GB1565065A (en) * | 1976-08-23 | 1980-04-16 | Tetronics Res & Dev Co Ltd | Carbothermal production of aluminium |
| GB1529526A (en) * | 1976-08-27 | 1978-10-25 | Tetronics Res & Dev Co Ltd | Apparatus and procedure for reduction of metal oxides |
| CA1107307A (en) * | 1976-11-04 | 1981-08-18 | Jozef K. Tylko | Production of hydraulic cements, cement-forming materials and aggregates |
| US4685963A (en) * | 1978-05-22 | 1987-08-11 | Texasgulf Minerals And Metals, Inc. | Process for the extraction of platinum group metals |
| FR2446324A1 (fr) * | 1979-01-15 | 1980-08-08 | Karlovitz Bela | Procede de reduction thermique d'oxydes metalliques tels que l'aluminium |
| US4361441A (en) * | 1979-04-17 | 1982-11-30 | Plasma Holdings N.V. | Treatment of matter in low temperature plasmas |
| US4295881A (en) * | 1979-04-23 | 1981-10-20 | Texasgulf Inc. | Process for extraction of platinum group metals from chromite-bearing ore |
| US4428768A (en) | 1979-12-31 | 1984-01-31 | Johnson Matthey & Co., Limited | Process for the recovery of platinum group metals from refractory ceramic substrates |
| AT367453B (de) * | 1980-04-03 | 1982-07-12 | Voest Alpine Ag | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur herstellung von fluessigem roheisen oder stahlvormaterial |
| EP0096493B1 (en) * | 1982-05-25 | 1987-08-19 | Johnson Matthey Public Limited Company | Plasma arc furnace |
| US4583229A (en) * | 1984-01-09 | 1986-04-15 | Aluminum Company Of America | Metal melting system |
| FR2570620B1 (fr) * | 1984-09-24 | 1988-10-28 | Electricite De France | Procede et dispositif de decarbonatation de mineraux par calcination en lit fluidise |
| EP0207929A1 (de) * | 1985-06-17 | 1987-01-07 | VOEST-ALPINE Aktiengesellschaft | Elektroofen, insbesondere Plasmaofen |
| AT385520B (de) * | 1986-07-22 | 1988-04-11 | Voest Alpine Ag | Verfahren zur gewinnung von kupfer sowie ofen zur durchfuehrung des verfahrens |
| US4806325A (en) * | 1988-07-14 | 1989-02-21 | Fmc Corporation | Process for recovering elemental phosphorus and a metal concentrate from ferrophos |
| US4990179A (en) * | 1990-04-23 | 1991-02-05 | Fmc Corporation | Process for increasing the life of carbon crucibles in plasma furnaces |
| AU7494591A (en) * | 1991-02-27 | 1992-10-06 | Avny Industries Corporation Spolka Z O.O. | Methods and apparatus for extracting mineral values from particulate materials |
| WO1992015714A1 (en) * | 1991-02-27 | 1992-09-17 | Avny Industries Corporation Spólka Z O.O. | Methods and chemo-thermal reactor apparatus for extracting mineral values from particulate materials |
| EP0544967B1 (de) * | 1991-11-28 | 1995-06-14 | Carbagas | Verfahren zur Unterdrückung von Staub und Rauch bei der Elektrostahlherstellung |
| US5284503A (en) * | 1992-11-10 | 1994-02-08 | Exide Corporation | Process for remediation of lead-contaminated soil and waste battery |
| ATE168762T1 (de) * | 1993-03-08 | 1998-08-15 | Kobe Steel Ltd | Verfahren zum betrieb eines plasmaschmelzofens |
| US5460701A (en) * | 1993-07-27 | 1995-10-24 | Nanophase Technologies Corporation | Method of making nanostructured materials |
| AU5172796A (en) * | 1995-02-21 | 1996-09-11 | Peltek, Inc. | Treatment of zircon |
| US5731564A (en) * | 1996-02-05 | 1998-03-24 | Mse, Inc. | Method of operating a centrifugal plasma arc furnace |
| DE19625539A1 (de) * | 1996-06-26 | 1998-01-02 | Entwicklungsgesellschaft Elekt | Verfahren zur thermischen Behandlung von Stoffen in einem Plasmaofen |
| US5782952A (en) * | 1996-08-30 | 1998-07-21 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Method for production of magnesium |
| NO306998B1 (no) * | 1998-02-26 | 2000-01-24 | Norsk Hydro As | Fremgangsmåte for fremstilling av aluminium |
| DE19945318C2 (de) * | 1999-09-22 | 2001-12-13 | Hartmetall Beteiligungs Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung sphäroidisierter Hartstoffpulver |
| US8764978B2 (en) | 2001-07-16 | 2014-07-01 | Foret Plasma Labs, Llc | System for treating a substance with wave energy from an electrical arc and a second source |
| US10188119B2 (en) * | 2001-07-16 | 2019-01-29 | Foret Plasma Labs, Llc | Method for treating a substance with wave energy from plasma and an electrical arc |
| US7857972B2 (en) | 2003-09-05 | 2010-12-28 | Foret Plasma Labs, Llc | Apparatus for treating liquids with wave energy from an electrical arc |
| US9481584B2 (en) | 2001-07-16 | 2016-11-01 | Foret Plasma Labs, Llc | System, method and apparatus for treating liquids with wave energy from plasma |
| ITRM20010634A1 (it) * | 2001-10-26 | 2003-04-28 | Ct Sviluppo Materiali Spa | Elettrodo, in particolare per forni elettrici ad arco di tipo siderurgico e simili, e relativo metodo di esercizio. |
| WO2006122794A2 (en) * | 2005-05-17 | 2006-11-23 | MAX-PLANCK-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e.V. | Materials purification by treatment with hydrogen-based plasma |
| WO2011005618A1 (en) * | 2009-07-06 | 2011-01-13 | Peat International, Inc. | Apparatus for treating waste |
| WO2012118016A1 (ja) * | 2011-02-28 | 2012-09-07 | 株式会社Ihi | 熱処理品の温度測定装置と方法 |
| TWI472380B (zh) * | 2012-07-04 | 2015-02-11 | Univ Nat Ilan | Waste disposal method |
| EP2931849B1 (en) | 2012-12-11 | 2018-01-31 | Foret Plasma Labs, Llc | High temperature countercurrent vortex reactor system, method and apparatus |
| US9699879B2 (en) | 2013-03-12 | 2017-07-04 | Foret Plasma Labs, Llc | Apparatus and method for sintering proppants |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1043384A (en) * | 1963-08-07 | 1966-09-21 | Electrical Res Ass | Improvements relating to electrical heating arcs |
| NL6414964A (enExample) * | 1964-12-23 | 1966-06-24 | ||
| SE314753B (enExample) * | 1965-05-22 | 1969-09-15 | Inst Badan Jadrowych |
-
1971
- 1971-02-16 GB GB478971A patent/GB1390351A/en not_active Expired
-
1972
- 1972-02-14 US US00225892A patent/US3783167A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1972-02-14 CA CA134,588A patent/CA957733A/en not_active Expired
- 1972-02-15 FR FR7205011A patent/FR2125924A5/fr not_active Expired
- 1972-02-15 DE DE2207048A patent/DE2207048C3/de not_active Expired
- 1972-02-16 IT IT20642/72A patent/IT960660B/it active
- 1972-02-16 JP JP1632572A patent/JPS5515838B1/ja active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA957733A (en) | 1974-11-12 |
| JPS5515838B1 (enExample) | 1980-04-26 |
| FR2125924A5 (enExample) | 1972-09-29 |
| DE2207048A1 (de) | 1972-08-24 |
| GB1390351A (en) | 1975-04-09 |
| DE2207048B2 (de) | 1973-11-15 |
| US3783167A (en) | 1974-01-01 |
| IT960660B (it) | 1973-11-30 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C3 | Grant after two publication steps (3rd publication) | ||
| E77 | Valid patent as to the heymanns-index 1977 | ||
| 8339 | Ceased/non-payment of the annual fee |