DE202016105569U1 - Device for binding dust - Google Patents

Abstract

Apparatus for binding dust comprising a binder reservoir providing pressurized liquid binder, a binder conduit connected to said binder reservoir, said binder conduit being connected to at least one atomizing nozzle which is locatable proximate to a dust source, and that the binder line having one or more pressure control valves which open as Druckschaltventile from a predetermined switching pressure and thus release a binder supply to the atomizing (n) or open as pressure control valves from a predetermined switching pressure and at the same time the pressure on the downstream side of the pressure control valve to a predetermined Controlling pressure range, and that the pressure reservoir comprises at least one pressure vessel with gas cushion, which is divided into a gas pressure chamber and a binder space.

Description

The present invention relates to a device for binding dust. From the DE 297 18 708 U1 respectively. EP 0 908 215 A2 A device for binding or the deposition of dust emerges. This device is similar to a snow gun with an air nozzle in which air is accelerated by means of a propeller or a blade formed. In an air jet formed thereby, liquid is sprayed through one or more nozzles. The liquid is thus transported in finely divided form from the air steel. With this device, large amounts of water can be distributed over a large area.

In the DE 1 658 345 U is a nozzle for atomizing water or a water-air mixture for the deposition of dust in underground mining described. The nozzle is self-cleaning, by a part which determines the outlet cross section of the nozzle is acted upon by a spring force. If the nozzle becomes dirty, overpressure will occur which overcomes the spring force. As a result, the nozzle opening is enlarged and there is a self-cleaning of the nozzle.

In the German utility model DE 1 668 644 U discloses an apparatus for depositing dust from gases in which fine particle vapor is used to envelop the dust particles.

In the WO 2014/019311 A1 Another nozzle for spraying water is disclosed to remove dust from and to cool mining equipment. The water is distributed as finely as possible by means of a stream of air.

In the DE 915 203 B Another method and apparatus for depositing dust is described. On the pipe system nozzles are provided, to each of which a partial stream of a mixture of air and liquid is branched off. With each branch, the mixing ratio between air and liquid is changed. This is specifically used to vary along the pipe system, the exiting mixture ratio of mist in drizzle.

In the EP 0 950 796 A1 is described a spray system for depositing dust, in which at one or more mixing nozzles, an air jet is mixed with water. The mixing nozzles are arranged as close as possible to the dust formation sites.

In the DE 23 35 861 A1 a device for introducing slightly dusty bulk material is described in a round silo. The bulk material is wetted when fed into the silo by means of a dust binder by being sprayed with the dust binder. The dust binder is water with the addition of a water surface relaxing substance.

From the DE 6 812 095 U goes out another device for depositing dust, in which the dusty material is sprayed directly with water.

The DE 1 815 543 relates to a device for depositing dust in the cutting and peeling coal production. Here, the immediate place of dust formation and its immediate surroundings should always be covered with a water curtain. A mining machine is always in the range of a nozzle group, from which it is covered with a water curtain.

From the DE 41 31 75 A1 is a planing alley system out, in which a planing alley can be sprayed with several nozzles. This spraying system is characterized by the fact that the nozzles assigned to an expansion rack can be fed in via a separate switching valve and a plurality of spraying zones of variable size can be formed. This is to achieve optimum adaptation of the spray zone to the respective conditions with a reduction in water consumption, since only so many nozzles are switched on or fed in, as is necessary for the greatest possible dust retention.

From the DE 1 795 744 U For example, there is a device for depositing the dust floating in the air, which has a washer with which the air containing the dust is sucked in and sprayed with water inside the washer, so that the dust is bound.

In the AT 512 490 A1 is described a high-pressure mist system that can be used, among other things, for binding dust. With this high-pressure mist system humid water mist is to be generated. Water, especially drinking water is supplied at a pressure of about 70-100 bar nebulization at which the water is sprayed. By means of switchable valves, multiple zones can be provided, which are acted upon independently with fog.

From the DE 34 41 386 A1 discloses a method for depositing dust using a foam gun to provide foam for binding the dust.

From the WO 2008/082316 A2 and the WO 2008/020773 A1 In each case spray nozzles emerge, with which water is atomized. These spray nozzles are intended primarily for different purposes in mining. Among other things, dust conditions are to be controlled.

From Technical Fluid Mechanics, Leopold Böswirth, Lehr- und Übungsbuch, 8th edition, Vieweg + Teubner, chapter 12.3 It is known that with long, liquid-flow piping, the pressure on a slide that is opened or closed, can suddenly increase sharply or drop sharply. It can even lead to vapor formation on the downstream side. Pressure surges are reflected in the pipe system and lead to pressure oscillations. Such pressure surges can significantly affect the life of devices with liquid-carrying lines.

• 1. oftmals ein Luft/Wasser-Gemisch verwendet wird, um das Wasser zu zerstäuben und großflächig zu verteilen,
• 2. möglichst unmittelbar an der staubentstehenden Stelle ein Nebel oder Sprühregel vorgesehen wird, um den Staub zu binden, und
• 3. unterschiedlichste Staubbindemittel, wie Sprühregen, Nebel, Schaum mit und ohne chemische Zusätze verwendet werden.

In summary, it can be stated that for binding dust

• 1. often an air / water mixture is used to atomize the water and distribute it over a large area,
• 2. a mist or spray is provided as directly as possible at the dust-creating place to bind the dust, and
• 3. Various dust binders, such as drizzle, mist, foam with and without chemical additives can be used.

An object of the present invention is to provide a device for binding dust, with which dust can be bound very efficiently.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a device for binding dust, with which dust can be reliably bound with as little dust binder as possible.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a device for binding dust, wherein the device or the device used in this method is subject to little wear.

Another object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus for binding dust, with which along a large area, such as a road section or a gravel pit, reliably prevents the discharge of dust can be reduced.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a device for binding dust, which can be mounted on machines and vehicles of various kinds, such as stone crushers, track-laying machines, asphalt milling machines, cleaning vehicles, etc. integrated with which also a mobile operation is possible.

One or more of the present objects are achieved by the subject-matter specified in the independent claims. Advantageous embodiments are specified in the respective subclaims.

The binding of dust can basically be done by an artificial mist or by a drizzle. In the case of an artificial mist, a mist slowly settling to the ground is created in the air, whereby the dust droplets wash the air out of the mist. With the drizzling the soil is wetted with binder, so that the formation of dust is prevented. Mist formation and drizzle are essentially different in droplet size, with the transition being fluid. The generation of a mist also leads to a wetting of the soil and the generation of a spray also leads to the washing out of dust from air. However, in an artificial mist, the focus of the effect is the washing out of dust from air and a drizzle in the wetting of the soil. Artificial mist comprises droplets with a size smaller than 200 μm, in particular smaller than 150 μm or smaller than 100 μm. Drizzle comprises droplets having a size of at least 100 μm, in particular at least 150 μm and preferably at least 200 μm.

In devices in which soil is wetted with drizzle, preferably not more than 6 l / m ² / h and preferably not more than 4 l / m ² / h and in particular not more than 3 l / m ² / h binder are discharged. This ensures that no puddles occur. If the bottom is sealed, the amount discharged should be lower than with the bottom not sealed. The amount of binder should be discharged l / m ² / h and preferably at least 1 liter / m ² / h or, in particular at least 1.2 l / m ² / h be at least 0.75, to ensure sufficient wetting of the soil. These values for the discharge of the binder apply to continuous operation. In intermittent operation, the discharged quantities are reduced accordingly by the pause times.

The devices for guiding and directing binder streams discussed below can be used to generate both mist and spray, unless expressly stated otherwise.

According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided an apparatus for binding dust, comprising
a binder reservoir which provides pressurized liquid binder,
a binder conduit which is connected to the binder reservoir, wherein at least one atomizing nozzle is connected to the binder conduit, which can be arranged in the vicinity of a dust source.

The atomizing nozzle is arranged in the vicinity of the dust source, wherein it is preferably formed and arranged so that not the dust source is sprayed with the binder, but at a predetermined distance from the dust source, a binder mist is formed. This arrangement is based on the finding that dust is whirled up at a dust source, with which a dust source is usually connected to a turbulent air flow. If one were to bind dust in such a turbulent air stream by means of a binder, then the binder requirement is considerable. On the other hand, if one binds the dust to locations away from the dust source where the air flow has calmed, then the dust lingers longer in the air, allowing the dust to be reliably bound with far fewer droplets of mist than at the site of the dust source itself If one surrounds a local dust source at a distance with an artificial fog wall, the binder requirement is much lower than if the dust source is sprayed directly with the binder, although the area in which the mist is artificially generated, is usually much larger than the dust source because it encloses the dust source with a predetermined distance. The distance should be chosen so that in the area of the mist, the air flow containing the dust has calmed so far that the mist can gradually lower to the ground and is not moved away uncontrollably. Usually, a distance of a few 10 cm, preferably at least 50 cm or at least 1 m or at least 2 m must be observed. When choosing the appropriate distance, external air flows must also be taken into account, which can be generated by movements of goods, vehicles, wind or thermal energy. Especially in halls often thermals occurs. It may also be convenient to provide one or more baffles for directing a dust-contaminated airflow so that it calms down and an artificial mist can efficiently remove the dust.

The distance to the dust source is preferably to be chosen such that the mist is located above all in a region in which the air flow is not greater than 1 m / s, in particular not greater than 0.8 m / s or not greater than 0.7 m / s and preferably not greater than 0.5 m / s. It has been shown that with air flow of more than 1 m / s the dust can not be efficiently bound with a mist or the amounts of water necessary for efficient dust binding increase exponentially. The air currents can vary in place and in time. When unloading large stones, for example, a very strong flow of air may occur for a short time, with the air flow being significantly weaker in the intervals between the individual unloading operations. Short-term exceedances of maximum air flow limit values have a negligible effect on dust-binding efficiency. Baffles may be provided to prevent extraneous airflows from the mist area, so as to be able to meet the above-described limits of airflow in the area of the mist.

The binder is a liquid binder, preferably water. In the prior art, an air / water mixture is often used. However, such an air / water mixture is disadvantageous because it generates a high inherent air flow through the air portion, which is not suitable for generating a floating mist. An air / water mixture may be used to generate a spray, but water that is forced through a spray nozzle without air is preferred.

The binder is provided in the binder reservoir at a pressure of preferably at most 10 bar, in particular preferably at most 7 bar and in particular not more than 5 bar. The lower the pressure, the easier it is to form a device with a long binder line, which allows the large-area coverage with spray. At higher pressures there is a risk that individual components will not withstand the load in the long run and the overall control and regulation of the pressure in the binder line will be much more complicated and complicated.

The binder reservoir should provide the binder at a pressure of at least 2 bar, preferably at least 3 bar, and most preferably at least 4 bar. The higher the pressure at the binder reservoir, the greater the pressure losses in the binder line can be, and nevertheless a pressure sufficient for atomization can be provided at the atomizing nozzle (s). This also means that the greater the pressure at the binder reservoir, the longer the binder line can be, without the need for an additional pressure stage in the form of a pump. The binder reservoir may be a well, a tank with and without a feed pump or a connection of a water pipe, which provides the binder water at a predetermined pressure.

The pressure with which the binder reservoir or a binder source is provided is preferably set by means of a pump. However, the pressure can also be given, for example, by an existing water supply or a high tank, which provides a sufficient pressure by a suitable geodetic height difference, so that no extra pump is necessary, which dissipates the binder from the binder reservoir.

The limitation of the pressure to a maximum value in the range of 5 to 10 bar also has the advantage that the binder pipe can be formed from an elastic tube, such as a plastic pipe, in particular PE pipe. Such elastic tubes have significant advantages, since they can buffer pressure on one hand, connection points for atomizing nozzles can be punched anywhere and also can be moved very quickly and easily.

Another advantage of limiting the pressure is that no high pressure pumps are necessary, which are prone to dirty air. High pressure pumps are pumps which produce a permanent operating pressure of 20 bar or more.

The atomizing nozzle or the atomizing nozzles are designed such that the binder is atomized with a droplet size of 30 to 120 .mu.m and preferably with 50 to 150 .mu.m and in particular with a droplet size of 60 to 90 microns. Such a droplet size forms a floating mist in calm air, which reliably binds the dust and gradually sinks.

The amount of sprayed binder is preferably adjusted so that there is little excess moisture, that is, not all of the atomized binder can be taken up by the air, but liquid mist particles are present in the air. Such mist particles sink and bind the dust contained in the air and transport it to the ground. Preferably, the amount of water dispensed is so large that a sufficiently strong downward movement takes place to rapidly transport the dust down. A certain excess of binder reduces the regulatory burden. However, with such a droplet size, it is possible to adjust the amount of the sprayed binder so as to provide a stable floating mist which reliably binds the dust and, on the other hand, the amount of binder so low that no puddles are formed on the bottom. The devices for producing an artificial mist are preferably designed such that about 5 to 30 liters of binder per hour are delivered per nozzle, wherein the binder is distributed over a range of 0.8 m to 1.5 m around the nozzle. The at least one atomizing nozzle is preferably a pressure nozzle, which is formed with an automatically blocking or opening pressure control valve and therefore automatically opens from a certain opening pressure of the supplied binder and the device has a pressure control, with which the pressure in the binder line is controllable. This makes it possible to control via the pressure control, whether the one or more atomizing nozzles release binder or not. The pressure nozzles may be formed, for example, with an opening pressure of 2 bar, 3 bar or 4 bar. The closing pressure is preferably slightly lower than the opening pressure. For example, at an opening pressure of 2 bar, the closing pressure is 0.9 bar, for example 1.5 bar at an opening pressure of 3 bar and, for example, 1.8 bar at an opening pressure of 4 bar. This ensures that the pressure drop generated after opening the respective nozzle, the pressure nozzle does not close immediately, but can be kept open at a low pressure.

• – Die Bindemittelleitung muss nicht gefüllt werden, bevor erneut Wasser über die Zerstäubungsdüsen abgegeben wird. Hierdurch wird eine schnelle Pulsung ermöglicht.
• – Druckbeaufschlagtes Wasser liegt somit immer unmittelbar an den Zerstäubungsdüsen bzw. den hierum benachbarten Druckdüsen an.
• – Ein Wiederbefüllen der Bindemittelleitung unterliegt der Gefahr von Druckschlägen und Kavitation in den Leitungen und den Düsen und anderen Komponenten wie Pumpen, Ventilen, etc. Zudem besteht die Gefahr von Einsaugen von unsauberer Umgebungsluft bzw. schmutzigem Drainagewasser oder anderem Schmutz. Diese Gefahr wird vermieden oder zumindest verringert.

Such pressure nozzles allow easy central control over the binder pressure. In addition, such self-shooting pressure nozzles prevent emptying of the binder line. These pressure nozzles therefore also function as a discharge stop. This has the following advantages:

• - The binder line does not need to be filled before returning water through the atomizing nozzles. This allows fast pulsing.
• - Pressurized water is therefore always directly to the atomizing nozzles or the adjacent thereto pressure nozzles.
• - A refilling of the binder pipe is subject to the risk of pressure surges and cavitation in the pipes and the nozzles and other components such as pumps, valves, etc. In addition, there is a risk of sucking in dirty ambient air or dirty drainage water or other dirt. This danger is avoided or at least reduced.

The pressure nozzles may be integrally formed with a pressure valve having a predetermined opening and a predetermined closing pressure. However, the pressure nozzles can also be formed from a nozzle and a separate, upstream pressure valve.

The pressure nozzles preferably have a membrane which is acted upon by a spring-biased piston, so that a passage of the pressure nozzle is opened only from the predetermined opening pressure and closed again when the shooting pressure is reached. The Pressure nozzles are preferably set so that they provide a pressure at the respective atomizing nozzles in the entire dust-binding device or in certain sections, in which essentially the same atomizing nozzles are specified, which differs by not more than 20% and in particular not more than 10%. Such a uniform pressurization causes a uniform output of binder, wherein here the uniformity refers both to the geometry of the respective spray cone of the individual atomizing nozzles as well as the delivered amount of binder. Above all, it is expedient to provide approximately the same pressure on sections of the dust-binding device on which the same nozzles are arranged. Of course, differently shaped portions, such as portions in which standing nozzles are provided for wetting a floor, may be applied with a pressure other than, for example, portions where hanging nozzles are provided to generate a mist, and accordingly set differently be provided trained pressure nozzles or otherwise formed pressure control valves.

A different intensity discharge of binder is preferably adjusted by the spacing of successive atomizing nozzles and not by different pressures. The atomizing nozzles are preferably designed so that they emit the binder with a circular or semicircular throwing cone. The distance between two successive nozzles is preferably the diameter D of the circle of the corresponding throwing cone minus at least 20% (corresponding to 0.8D) and in particular at least 34% (corresponding to 0.66D) of this diameter. As a result, an approximately strip-shaped area is uniformly supplied with binder, wherein the overlapping portions of adjacent throwing cone are limited. Preferably, the spacing of adjacent nozzles is in the range of the diameter of the throw cone minus at least 45% and preferably at least 50% of the diameter. For semi-circular throwing cones, the smaller distances of the nozzles are preferred with at least 45% deduction from the diameter. Mist-producing dust-binding devices typically have a nozzle arrangement with maximum spacing of 0.55D and 0.5D, respectively.

The pressure control preferably has a control valve, which is arranged in the binder line in the region between the binder reservoir and the at least one pressure nozzle, wherein the control valve can be controlled by a control device. In this way, the at least one atomizing nozzle can be selectively supplied with binder at a predetermined pressure. It can also be provided a plurality of control valves, which in each case one or more atomizing nozzles are arranged downstream, which are then acted upon by the respective control valve with binder with a predetermined pressure. The control valves can be hydraulically, pneumatically or electrically or mechanically controlled by the control device.

The at least one atomizing nozzle can also be provided with a valve which can be controlled directly by a control device. The device can also comprise atomizing nozzles designed as pressure nozzles as well as atomizing nozzles provided with a directly controllable valve. Such directly controllable valves can be remotely opened and closed by the control device.

The pressure reservoir may include a pressure vessel with gas cushion. Such a pressure vessel with gas cushion may be formed as a membrane tank, which has a membrane which divides the membrane tank in a gas pressure chamber and in a binder space. The pressure vessel may also be a wind tank, in which a gas bubble is arranged, which is directly in contact with the binder. Since gas is compressible, binder can be absorbed in the pressure vessel with gas cushion, wherein the gas is compressed in the gas pressure chamber, whereby the binder is stored with increasing pressure in the pressure vessel with gas cushion. With one or more such pressure vessels with gas cushion dynamic pressure changes can be reduced. Such dynamic pressure changes occur with changes in the flow rate due to the inertia of the liquid. Such changes are inevitable as a result of startup and shutdown or shutdown operations. In particular, the rapid change of the flow and thereby the speed in a pressure line, for example by rapid closing or opening of shut-off devices or by sudden pump standstill, generates pressure surges in the lines. The pressure then oscillates around the outlet pressure up and down. At the end of the line, the pressure wave is reflected, returns as a negative wave to the starting point and gradually oscillates in multiple round-trip. This may even lead to a tearing of the water column due to negative pressure. The subsequent collision of the two and independently oscillating flows leads to particularly dangerous pressure surges. In principle, opening and closing times of shut-off devices can be extended so that the change in speed proceeds in a harmless manner. However, there are operational cases, such as sudden pump shutdown due to power failure or emergency stop circuit inevitable. With the Pressure vessel with gas cushion such pressure surges can be reduced because, for example, in a sudden closing of a shut-off the pressure vessel with gas cushion binders continues, provided that it is arranged in the flow direction in front of the obturator and there is a gradual pressure increase in the binder line. In case of sudden failure of a pump, the pressure vessel with gas cushion further binder, so that the liquid column formed by the binder is not abruptly stopped. In addition, if a gas-filled autoclave is installed in front of the pump or at the pump inlet, this boiler can provide additional protection for the pump or upstream hydraulic elements by compensating for supply fluctuations and reducing pressure surges. The binder supply to this pump must be under a certain pressure, otherwise the pressure vessel would be emptied.

The device may also include a plurality of pressure vessels with gas cushion. The pressure vessels with gas cushion can also be distributed along the binder line. The volume of the pressure vessel with gas cushion or the pressure vessel with gas cushion may be at least 300 l, preferably at least 1000 l, in particular at least 5000 l and preferably at least 10,000 l or more than 10,000 l. The volume of the pressure chamber with gas cushion comprises both the volume of the gas pressure chamber and the volume of the binder space. The binder space is usually about 20% to 50% of the total volume of the pressure vessel. In the normal state of the device, the pressure in the gas pressure chamber should be approximately 0.5 to 0.9 times the operating pressure or a switch-on pressure of a delivery pump.

Particularly preferred is one or more pressure vessel with gas cushion (s) are used in a dust-binding device, which idles in standstill or pause times. These are, in particular, dust-binding devices which have no or only a few self-locking pressure control valves which function as discharge stops. At a standstill or at a break, empty the lines of this dust-binding device partially or completely. When the operation resumes, the lines are first filled with binder. Here, the property of the pressure vessel with gas cushion is advantageous because they first promote binder with high pressure quickly into the line, due to the expansion of the gas cushion, the pressure in the pressure vessel decreases, whereby the delivery pressure decreases accordingly. With an almost complete filling of the lines then there is a reduced pressure, whereby the problem of pressure shock is reduced.

In a dust binding device, different sections may be formed, which empty at different speeds during a standstill. The individual sections can each be provided with a separate pressure vessel, if appropriate. In particular, the sections that emptied quickly, are preferably provided with a pressure vessel, so that they can be replenished quickly.

The pressure vessel with gas cushion preferably has a supply line for filling the pressure chamber with gas cushion and a discharge line for emptying the pressure chamber with gas cushion, wherein the supply line opposite the discharge line has a cross-sectional constriction, so that the filling of the pressure chamber with gas cushion at a slower rate than the emptying of the pressure vessel with gas cushion. As a result, pressure peaks that occur in the rapid braking of the binder in the pipeline can be gradually absorbed over a longer period of time. The slow filling of the pressure chamber with gas cushion thus leads to a gradual deceleration of the moving binder liquid column. Such a design of the pressure chamber with gas cushion is also suitable to reliably absorb downhill currents. On the other hand, in case of a pump failure, a large binder stream can be provided very quickly, so that a corresponding pressure blow is avoided. In addition, can be influenced by various mechanisms and / or depending on the prevailing operating pressures, both the duration of filling the pressure vessel (s) with gas cushion, as well as the duration of emptying.

Instead of or in combination with the cross-sectional constriction, another flow resistance may be provided in the supply line. The flow resistance can be designed for example as a pressure reducer, baffle plate or as a height difference. If the pressure vessel with gas cushion one piece above the binder line, preferably a few meters above the binder line arranged, then the binder must be promoted to fill the pressure vessel with gas cushion against the gravitational force up and can quickly emptying the pressure vessel with gas cushion due to the gravitational force conveyed the binder line. If the deceleration during filling and the accelerating during the discharge caused solely due to such a height difference, then the supply and the discharge line may be formed as a common wiring harness. When using such a height difference, it is expedient that the cross section of the supply line and the discharge line is large, so that the of Binder line to the pressure vessel with gas cushion leading fluid wave has a high weight.

As already explained above, self-closing pressure nozzles which function as a discharge stop allow an interval operation since pressurized water always rests directly against the atomizing nozzles or the printing nozzles arranged adjacent thereto. Furthermore, the provision of one or more pressure vessels for the interval operation is advantageous because often emptying can not be completely prevented even with self-closing pressure nozzles. The self-closing pressure nozzles often lead to a very slow emptying, so that a refilling can be done very quickly at the beginning of a Sprühintervalls using a pressure vessel with gas cushion.

This use of self-closing pressure nozzles or the use of self-closing control valves in conjunction with one or more pressure vessels cause very short reaction times for spraying binder after a spray pause. The reaction time is after a break of at least 5 min. measured from the switching on of a pump or the opening of a valve, so that a strand in which the sputtering nozzles are located, is subjected to binder, which is pressurized, to the time at which all the nozzles by switching on the pump or opening the valve are supplied with binder, give binder. In prototypes, reaction times of a few seconds were achieved, even if the strand was longer than 100 m. Dust-binding devices for producing mist are preferably formed so that their reaction time is not greater than 10 seconds and more preferably not greater than 5 seconds, and dust-binding devices for wetting a bottom are preferably formed so that their reaction time does not exceed 2 minutes. and in particular not greater than 1 min. and preferably not greater than 30 s. Such short reaction times can be achieved even with large dust-binding devices, which have strands with a length of more than 100 m and in particular more than 300 m.

Furthermore, elastic lines are conducive to the interval operation, which can also store binders pressurized.

The device preferably has a pump which pumps the binder. To the binder line, a pressure switch may be coupled, which turns on when falling below a predetermined switch-on, the switch-on, the pump. This automatically maintains a predetermined minimum pressure in the binder line.

• Druckschalter 1: Pumpe ein-/ausschalten
• Druckschalter 2: Überdruck überwachen
• Druckschalter 3: Unterdruck überwachen (wie er z.B. bei Trockenlauf vorliegen kann)
• Druckschalter 4: Leitungs-Enddrucküberwachung: falls am Ende der Leitung kein oder ein zu geringer Druck vorhanden ist, lässt dies auf einen Leitungsbruch oder eine Verstopfung schließen; oder auch Kontrolle, ob eine gewünschte Rohrnetz-Drucksenkung (z.B. vor Pumpenstop) bereits bis zum Ende durchgedrungen ist.
• Druckschalter 5: Saugleitung auf korrekten Unterdruck-Wert überwachen. Dies ist ein Indikator, dass die Pumpe ansaugt und auch ein Indikator, ob die Ansaugkraft der Pumpe im richtigen Bereich ist (Vermeidung von Kavitation) bzw. ein Indikator, ob eine Verstopfung in einer Saugleitung oder einem Saugleitungsvorfilter vorliegt.
• Druckschalter 6: Gasdrucküberwachung des Druckkessels mit Gaspolster
• Druckschalter 7: Füllstatus Druckkessel. Nur wenn im laufenden Betrieb der Druck im Druckkessel bzw. in der diesbezüglichen Zuleitung oder der Hauptleitung etwa konstant ist, kann von einem vollen Druckkessel ausgegangen werden. Kann z.B. zur Entscheidungsfindung herangezogen werden, ob eine Pumpe schon abgeschaltet werden darf, oder noch nachlaufen soll, um in den Druckkessel zu puffern.
• Druckschalter 8 und 9: Differenzdruckauswertung Vor-/Nachfilterdruck. Zur Überwachung des Filterstatus, ob dieser z.B. durch Schmutzansammlung einen zu hohen Druckverlust produziert und gereinigt werden muss. Es kann ein automatisierter Filterreinigungsprozess gestartet werden oder auch nur eine Meldung erfolgen, dass der Druckunterschied zu groß ist bzw. gereinigt werden soll.

It is also possible to use a plurality of pressure switches which are assigned different functions or which have different starting pressures. These functions are for example:

• Pressure switch 1: Switch the pump on / off
• Pressure switch 2: monitor overpressure
• Pressure switch 3: monitor negative pressure (as it may be, for example, during dry running)
• Pressure switch 4: Line end pressure monitoring: if there is no or too little pressure at the end of the line, this indicates a line break or a blockage; or also check whether a desired pipe network pressure reduction (eg before pump stop) has already penetrated to the end.
• Pressure switch 5: Monitor suction line for correct vacuum value. This is an indicator that the pump sucks and also an indicator of whether the suction force of the pump is in the correct range (avoids cavitation) or an indicator of whether there is a blockage in a suction line or a suction line pre-filter.
• Pressure switch 6: Gas pressure monitoring of the pressure boiler with gas cushion
• Pressure switch 7: filling status pressure vessel. Only when the pressure in the pressure vessel or in the relevant supply line or the main line is approximately constant during operation can be assumed that a full pressure vessel. Can be used, for example, for decision making, whether a pump may already be shut down, or is still running to buffer in the pressure vessel.
• Pressure switches 8 and 9: Differential pressure evaluation pre- and post-filter pressure. To monitor the filter status, whether it has to produce excessive pressure loss due to accumulation of dirt and has to be cleaned. An automated filter cleaning process can be started or even just a message that the pressure difference is too large or should be cleaned.

Not all of these pressure switches must be constantly active; they can also be "conditioned". For example, the vacuum switch is used only during ongoing pumping operation to monitor a possible negative pressure.

The pressure switches can also be equipped with two switching points (lower and upper) to create certain hystereses, which allow the system to run more stable and quiet, since not every small state change immediately leads to a switching operation, but only a certain threshold must be exceeded. The system runs more stable and does not start to commute / commute. In addition, the pressure switch can be coupled with timers (eg time relay), so that the achievement of a switching point initially activates only the timer and it only after the lapse of stored time comes to effectively becoming switching process.

The pressure switches can either trigger events directly or even act as alarms. To verify correct operation, visual pressure indications, e.g. Manometer or remote-transmitting pressure transmitter be attached or temporarily coupled.

The pressure switch may also be designed such that when a predetermined switch-off pressure is exceeded, the switch-off time, the pump switches off and / or opens an emergency lowering valve. It can also be coupled to a flow meter on the binder line such that falls below a predetermined minimum flow rate, the pump off and / or an emergency lowering valve is opened. This automatically ensures that the pressure in the binder pipe does not increase too much.

With a pressure switch or other pressure measuring device also an excessively large flow (= abnormal operating status, such as line break) can be detected. Conveniently, this flow measurement is time-coupled, i. only after a certain stabilization phase after starting up the system (during the start-up phase, for example, abnormal conditions prevail for a short time) is the measured value of the flow sensor valid. This can still be coupled to the condition that, for example, the flow rate over a certain minimum time is maintained.

It may be provided a Ausschaltverzögerungseinrichtung, which allows a switching off of the pump only after a predetermined delay time interval, wherein the delay time interval begins with the switch-on or the switch-off or a time between the switch-on and the switch-off. Such a switch-off delay device prevents short-term pressure or volumetric flow fluctuations from leading to a switch-off of the pump, which would cause further pressure changes. The state change, i. The pressure drop or the reduction of the flow must therefore be present for a certain period of time, until the pump is switched. The delay time interval is preferably at least 5 seconds, preferably at least 15 seconds and especially at least 30 seconds.

To the binder line may be coupled to an overpressure pressure switch which switches off the pump and / or opens an emergency lowering valve upon detection of a predetermined overpressure which is greater than the cut-off pressure. The switching due to the detection of an overpressure by means of the overpressure pressure switch preferably overrides all other control operations, such as non-switching off due to a sustained delay time interval. In addition, a signaling / alerting / alerting action initiation, e.g. additional separation of the binder supply done.

The device is preferably designed such that the flow rate of the binder in the lines is not greater than 5 m / s and preferably not greater than 3 m / s. The greater the flow velocity, the greater the pressure losses. The pressure losses are proportional to the square of the flow velocity. In practice, these upper limits have proved to be very advantageous, since with these flow rates, a supply of multiple atomizing nozzles over a long distance (for example, 1 to 5 km) is reliably possible with reasonable cable cross-sections. At higher flow rates, problems can occur due to pressure surges.

The binder line can have a main strand and a parallel to the main strand extending secondary strand with a smaller cross section, the secondary strand opens with its ends in each case to the main strand and a volumetric flow meter is arranged in the secondary strand. The flow rate measured in the secondary line is proportional to the flow rate in the main line or main flow and thus allows conclusions to be drawn about the total volume flow through the main line and the secondary line. The measurement of the lower volume flow in the secondary line is much simpler than the measurement of the much larger volume flow in the main line.

The volumetric flow meter may be designed such that it indirectly determines the flow on the basis of the temperature of the binder in the pump or in the flow direction shortly after the pump and / or on the basis of the power consumption of the pump and / or on the basis of the pressure difference before / after the pump and / or the pressure before the pump and / or based on the pressure after the pump and / or based on the acoustics of the pump and or based on the current power consumption of the pump shaft detected. Since the pump generates heat and the binder is often provided by a cool reservoir, such as a well, the temperature of the binder in the pump or in the direction of flow shortly after the pump can dictate the volume flow of the binder in the binder line the pump are closed.

In the binder line, a venting device may be arranged, which emits air bubbles from the binder line to the outside. Such air bubbles can be caused by outgassing of the binder due to pressure changes. The vent may be a passive vent valve that is permeable to gas and impermeable to liquids. The venting device can also be a switchable valve which is arranged in the binder line. In the presence of a gas bubble, the switchable valve is opened by means of a control device. The presence of a gas bubble can be detected on the basis of specific operating states by the control device and / or by means of a sensor. The predetermined operating states detectable by the control device are, for example, a stoppage of the delivery, a low pump load during startup. Gas bubbles can be determined by means of temperature sensors or pressure sensors, or ultrasonic sensors, or a magnetic inductive sensor or an X-ray machine or a microphone. In particular, when monitoring the pressure development when starting the pump, a slow increase in pressure can be assessed as a binder containing gas bubbles in the binder line.

The venting device is preferably arranged at local high points and locations with volume flow changes, such as, for example, sharp-edged openings, pressure reducers, cross-sectional constrictions, at which air bubbles can collect. Preferably, a venting device with a switchable valve is combined with a venting device with a passive venting valve, wherein initially larger amounts of air are vented when starting the device by means of the switchable valve and during normal operation the venting takes place exclusively or almost predominantly with the passive venting valve.

The binder line may have one or more pressure control valves, which open as Druckschaltventile from a predetermined switching pressure and thus release a binder supply to the Zerstäubungsdüse (s) or open as pressure control valves from a predetermined switching pressure and at the same time a pressure on the downstream side of the pressure control valve to a predetermined pressure range regulate. Such pressure control valves then have the additional function of a pressure reducer. With one or more such pressure control valves, the binder line can be divided into different pressure zones. These pressure control valves preferably have different switching pressures. In particular, the pressure control valves are arranged in the binder line, that pressure zones are formed with decreasing to the distance from the binder reservoir pressure.

The plurality of pressure control valves may be arranged in a main strand of the binder line, so that the main strand is divided into a plurality of pressure zones.

One or more pressure control valves can be arranged in a branch line branching off from a main branch of the binder line, so that the respective branch line is closed when the switching pressure is undershot. As a result, idling of the main strand is avoided and the respective pressure control valve is associated with one or more arranged in the branch line atomizing nozzles.

By providing one or more pressure control valves, pressure differences in the binder line can be selectively controlled and controlled. Such differences in pressure may be due to differences in height along the binder line, long line lengths and a pressure drop occurring thereby, temperature changes in the binder line, pressure fluctuations caused by switching operations. Above all, emptying of the binder line, in particular of the main line of the binder line, can be prevented with the pressure control valves, as a result of which rapid startup after an operation stop is possible again since at least the main line of the binder line is already filled with binder. As a result, pressure surges are avoided or reduced. The pressure control valves can also be integrated in atomizing nozzles or arranged in combination with them. Such atomizing nozzles close automatically below a predetermined closing pressure, thereby avoiding emptying of the binder line in the region of the atomizing nozzles. The atomizing nozzles are often arranged in branch strands. The pressure control valves preferably close automatically when falling below a predetermined closing pressure, so that they can shut off the individual zones of the binder line independently. Such pressure control valves act as leakage stops to prevent emptying of the binder line.

To create zones of different pressure, pressure reducers may also be used instead of pressure control valves located in the respective lines.

Such pressure reducers can also be assigned to individual atomizing nozzles or integrated into them. Such a pressure reducer reduces the pressure to a predetermined reduced pressure. This ensures that at the atomizing nozzle, the binder with the constant, reduced pressure, applied, if in the area in front of the pressure reducer, the binder with a There is any, but higher pressure. Therefore, the pressure in the conduit may fluctuate and yet at the respective atomizing nozzle, the binder is applied at a predetermined pressure and a predetermined amount of binder and a predetermined spray profile are discharged from the nozzle.

Such a pressure reducer may each be associated with a single atomizing nozzle or a group of multiple atomizing nozzles.

The binder line is preferably formed with an elasticity for elastically buffering binder having a volume of elasticity of 1 parts per thousand and preferably at least 1% of the total volume of the binder line due to pipe wall elasticity and / or at least one gas pocket gas pocket and / or pressure cushion. Preferably, this elasticity volume is at least 2% or at least 5% of the total volume of the binder conduit. Due to this elasticity, pressure fluctuations in the binder line can be compensated without generating pressure surges or reducing the effects of pressure surges. In order to provide a pipe wall elasticity, plastic pipes, in particular PE pipes, which are in particular made of soft polyethylene, are preferably used as the binder pipe. The inner diameter of the tubes is preferably at least 16 mm. The binder line preferably has a length of at least 100 m. It can be several kilometers long. The binder line is preferably divided into zones or sections having a length of 100 to 600 m, preferably 250 to 500 m, with the above-described pressure control valves. Such zones of elastic tubing provide sufficient resiliency to attenuate pressure spikes in closing shut-off gates, which include valves and nozzles, such that they do no damage. The PE pipes can also be made of hard polyethylene. In soft polyethylene pipes, holes can easily be punched to set nozzles or branch pipes.

Preferably, the maximum elasticity of the binder conduit is 10% and especially at most 5% of the total volume of the binder conduit. Too much elasticity causes an inertia in response and can lead to a targeted delivery of the binder in short pulses is not possible.

The binder line may have a main branch, in which a pressure reducer is arranged, and parallel to the main strand, a secondary line is arranged, in which there is a check valve, which opens against the flow direction of the pressure reducer. Depending on the construction principle, a pressure reducer also acts as a check valve, so that a pressure peak, which occurs on the pressure-reduced side of the pressure reducer, can not escape from the pressure-reduced zone through the pressure reducer. By providing the secondary line with the check valve, which opens against the flow direction of the pressure reducer, such a pressure peak can escape through the secondary line from the pressure-reduced zone, so that here again can reduce the pressure reduced by the pressure reducer. The secondary strand preferably has a smaller diameter than the main strand.

Preferably, the binder line has elastic branch lines, which are connected to a common wiring harness or line section, wherein a respective atomizing nozzle is arranged at the end of the branch lines remote from the line section or wiring harness. Due to the weight of the atomizing nozzle or an additional weight provided thereon, the respective branch line automatically aligns vertically. As a result, the flexible branch line is positioned and adjusted even when the entire dust-binding device is moved due to external circumstances such as wind. Such a dust-binding device can be designed both for producing an artificial mist and for wetting the ground.

The binder pipe with or without elastic branch pipes can be attached to a rope with corresponding pipe hook hanging. Such an arrangement can be very easily and quickly mounted over long distances. For this purpose, a thin suspension cable, in particular a steel cable, which is stretched over a certain distance to which the binder pipe is suspended by means of the pipe hook is sufficient. Preferably, the binder line is formed of a plastic material into which holes for connecting the branch lines can be pricked. This puncture of the holes is still possible after hanging the binder line on the support cable.

The binder conduit may be provided with at least one fill rate control valve which, based on a detected volume flow of the binder medium, opens a passage for the binder approximately inversely proportional to the volume flow, that is, the lower the volume flow, the more the fill rate control valve is opened. At a low volume flow, the passage is fully opened. At a high volume flow, it can be completely closed or closed so far that a previously determined volume flow will not be exceeded. This ensures that a pump is not outside its QH characteristic (= Volume flow-height characteristic) is operated. In addition, this can be ensured that when refilling a binder line, the volume flow is initially limited to build up when driving out of the existing air in the binder line not too strong impulse that would cause a correspondingly large pressure shock at the end of the refilling process; Thus, slow filling is an additional feature of this valve.

The volume flow can be determined based on the pressure difference in the flow direction before and after the fill rate control valve and / or the fill rate control valve can be additionally controlled by a control device, wherein the desired flow rate is adjustable.

The binder line may be provided with at least one filling control valve, which opens a passage approximately proportional to the filling state on the basis of a detected filling state of the binder line. This filling control valve has a similar effect to the filling rate control valve explained above and prevents an excessively high volume flow during refilling, which would cause a high pressure drop at the end of the refilling process.

The filling control valve may be formed with two opening stages, wherein at a low filling state, the passage is opened only slightly, and at a high filling state, the passage is fully open. The filling control valve can also be opened or closed continuously.

The binder line may have a pressure-holding valve, which opens approximately proportional to the pressure based on a detected in the binder line in the flow direction before the pressure-holding valve pressure. As a result, the pressure in the flow direction in front of the pressure-holding valve is kept approximately constant, since with a reduction of the detected pressure, the pressure-retaining valve closes slightly, whereby the back pressure causes the pressure in the flow direction upstream of the pressure-maintaining valve to rise again. The pressure-holding valve is preferably arranged in a main strand of the binder line.

The binder line has a main strand and a branch strand branching from the main strand. In the branch line a control valve is provided.

The control valve may be designed as a pressure relief valve, which opens approximately proportional to the pressure in the main line. Increases the pressure in the main strand above a predetermined pressure, this leads to the fact that binder is discharged through the branch line. The binder can be delivered via atomizing nozzles or via an empty line. This ensures that there is no undesirably high pressure in the main line. The pressure relief valve can only open from a predetermined minimum pressure in the main line.

The control valve in the branch line can also be designed as a quick-release valve, which opens substantially completely from a predetermined minimum pressure in the main line, so that a rapid rise in pressure in the main line can be counteracted. After lowering the pressure in the main line, the quick-release valve can close slower than it opens, allowing a slow pressure build-up in the main line is again possible.

The binder conduit may be connected to a well conduit which leads from the binder conduit down into the underground well, wherein a pump is disposed in the well conduit, and the control valve in the branch conduit is actuated such that when the pump is turned on, the control valve will operate for a predetermined time interval is gradually closed and / or is gradually opened over a further predetermined time interval when the pump is turned off. In such well pipes binder or water is conveyed in large quantities. The pump is usually arranged deep down, creating a high water column is formed. The danger of pressure shocks is great. By gradually closing the control valve when the pump is turned on, the discharge of the binder through the branch line is gradually reduced, whereby the pressure in the binder line is gradually increased. When the pump is switched off, the control valve is gradually opened, whereby the pressure in the binder line is gradually reduced and counteracts a pressure shock. The opening of the control valve is preferably carried out shortly before switching off the pump, so that when switching off the pump is already present a reduced pressure in the binder line.

The binder line may comprise a control valve which is controlled by a control device such that it slowly opens with the switching on of a pump over a predetermined time interval and / or is closed when the pump is switched off. This control valve reduces pressure surges when the pump is switched on and off. The control valve may be formed as a check valve which prevents backflow into or through the pump.

The control device of the control valve can also be designed to control the pump, so that the switching on and off of the pump takes place synchronously with the switching of the valve.

Preferably, a control device is provided which controls the supply of binder from the pressure vessel with gas cushion in the binder line depending on a level of the binder line, the level of the pressure vessel with gas cushion and / or the volume flow in the binder line. This control device is preferably designed so that at a low level of binder line binder is withdrawn at a high volume flow from the pressure vessel with gas cushion to quickly fill the binder line, wherein when a higher filling level of the flow of the binder is reduced or prevented to one To avoid pressure shock. First, together with the pressure vessel with gas cushion and the pump binders of the binder line can be supplied, with increasing level, the supply from the pressure vessel with gas cushion reduced or completely adjusted and the delivery rate of the pump is adjusted accordingly and preferably reduced.

The level of the pressure vessel with gas cushion can be based on the gas pressure, the binder pressure, by means of an ultrasonic sensor or a volume flow measurement. The volume flow measurement can be carried out with a volumetric flow meter described above. There may also be several pressure vessels with gas cushion.

In the binder conduit, one or more cyclone filters may be arranged having a purge supply line and a purge exit line with a purge outlet valve such that purging of a binder stream through the cyclone filter allows purging of the cyclone filter without having to drain the remaining portions of the binder line. To the Spülzuführleitung a pressure vessel with gas cushion and / or an external water pressure connection can be connected. The cyclone filter can then also be installed in a suction line and flushed during operation of the pump. The suction line is a line section, which is arranged in the flow direction in front of a pump. Placing a filter in the suction line ensures that the binder is filtered before it reaches the pump. This can extend the operating time of the pump. For purging the cyclone filter, either the pump is stopped and supplied via the Spülzuführleitung from the pressure vessel or the external water pressure port flushing medium, or it is stopped at suction-side installation of the cyclone filter for purging the binder flow through the cyclone filter and the cyclone filter backwashed.

In conventional devices for preventing dust, large quantities of water are discharged locally, in order to then be distributed over a large area of vehicles. Such a distribution is often essential for the success of dust avoidance in known systems. With the invention, however, binders can be uniformly distributed even over large areas. by vehicles is not necessary here, since the invention works selbstverteilend or has a self-distribution.

The above-discussed dust-binding devices can be used for binding dust, and the individual aspects can be used separately or in combination.

Such a dust-binding device can be used to generate an artificial mist, in which case the dust is bound in the air.

A dust-binding device can also be used for wetting a floor, in which case the dust is bound to the ground and can no longer be whirled up into the air.

In such a method for binding dust, the binders are preferably discharged at intervals of spray phases and pause phases.

To wet a soil, the spraying phases and the pause phases amount to at least 2 minutes, or 5 minutes, preferably at least 10 minutes. The spraying phases preferably last no longer than one hour, and in particular no longer than 30 minutes. The break phases can last approximately the same length as the spraying phases. However, the break phases can also be longer and in particular a multiple of the spraying phases.

When generating an artificial mist, the duration of the spray phases and the pause phases is preferably not more than 120 seconds, and more preferably not more than 30 seconds. The duration of the spraying phases and the pause phases can take a few seconds. When creating an artificial mist, the spray phases are preferably longer than the pause phases. The pause phase is chosen so short that there is no or only a very small gap between successive clouds of fog. The slower the air flow, in which the artificial fog or the artificial cloud of mist is located, the longer the pause phase can be. The larger the mist droplets, the faster they sink and the shorter the pause phases are. With a droplet size of about 100 m to 200 m, the pause phase is preferably not greater than 5 seconds. In a fog, in the the droplets predominantly have a droplet size of less than 100 m, the pause phase can also be set longer. If it is desired to use as little binder as possible, for example in order to avoid soil erosion, it is also possible to keep the spraying phases as short as possible and to extend the pause phases. This must be determined empirically.

With the dust binding devices explained above, it is even possible to set and operate very short pause phases of 1 to 3 seconds. For such a fast-switching interval operation, the above-described measures, such as elastic storage capacity in a pressure vessel or in elastic lines and / or the provision of pressure control valves in or close to the atomizing nozzles are advantageous, as a result even with a strand having a length of at least 50 meters and in particular at least 200 meters such an interval operation is possible.

When creating an artificial mist, the spray phase is preferably longer than the pause phase. In particular, the spray phase can be twice as long as the pause phase or can be a multiple thereof.

To prevent puddling, the dust binding apparatus is operated so that the binder ² h is operated at a rate of not more than 6 l / m ² h, and preferably not more than 4 l / m ² h, and preferably not more than 3 l / m. If the bottom is sealed, these spraying rates are even smaller and are preferably not more than 1.2 l / m ² h or not more than 1 l / m ² h, and preferably not more than 0.8 l / m ² h ,

The dust-binding device for producing an artificial mist is preferably operated in such a way that the binder is sprayed into a region which is so far away from the dust source that in this region the air flow is not greater than 1 m / s, in particular not greater than 0, 8 m / s and preferably not greater than 0.7 m / s. It is particularly advantageous if the air flow is not greater than 0.5 m / s.

The invention will now be described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings. The drawings show schematically in:

1 a mining site with a device for binding dust in the plan view,

2 a circuit diagram of the device for binding dust 1 .

3 a standing arrangement of atomizing nozzles in a side view,

4 a spray area of the nozzles 3 .

5 Atomizing nozzles on a suspended pipeline schematically simplified in a perspective view,

6 a spray area of the nozzles 5 schematically in plan view,

7 a device for producing a smoke screen schematically in a side view,

8th a rope assembly for mounting a suspended pipeline system,

9 another cable arrangement for mounting a suspended pipeline system,

10 Wiring diagram of another device for binding dust,

11 a volume flow measurement in the secondary line,

12 a secondary line with a check valve for releasing pressure zones, and

13 a section of a device for binding dust with a well pipe.

The device according to the invention is used for binding dusts of various origin, in particular mineral dusts, plastic dusts, wood dusts, as well as air pollutants by means of precisely applied binder. "Dust" in the context of the present invention are all solid and liquid particles in an atmosphere, which can be removed from the atmosphere with a binder or which can be bound to the ground with a binder, so that they do not escape into the atmosphere. Dust may include solid particles as well as aerosols or vapors.

The binder is preferably water. The water is usually used without further additives, in particular without wetting agents. Only in winter, it may be appropriate that an antifreeze is added. The water can be obtained from different sources, for example wells, drinking water pipes, cisterns or the like. Contains the water impurities, then it is expedient to provide a filter. The pore size of the filter should not be larger than 200 μm, preferably not larger than 150 μm. It may also be appropriate to use filters with a pore size of 130 microns.

A first embodiment of a dust binding device 1 for a mining site is in 1 shown. The quarry site may be a gravel pit for quarrying or a stone quarry for quarrying. In the present embodiment, the mining site is a gravel pit. The gravel plant has a non-paved driveway 2 that has a ramp 3 in a gravel pit 4 leads.

This gravel pit 4 has a screening device 5 and a conveyor belt line 6 on. The conveyor belt route 6 extends from a hopper 7 standing in the gravel pit 4 located, to a processing building 8th that is outside the gravel pit 4 located. The conveyor line 6 is formed of a plurality of conveyor belts, wherein two adjacent conveyor belts each have a transition point 9 form, to which the transported gravel falls from one conveyor belt to another conveyor belt.

The sieve device 5 , the funnel 7 and the crossing point 9 the conveyor belt route 6 form strong dust sources. In gravel pits and quarries, all places where gravel or stones are moved and dumped are potentially intense sources of dust. Further sources of dust are, for example, stone crushers, silos and gravel or stone piles heaped up with conveyor belts and manipulation surfaces.

Furthermore, dust is emitted by vehicles running along the ramp 3 and the driveway 2 drive, whirled up.

Whether or not a particular area is to be considered as a dust source to which the dust must be bound also depends on the dust purity requirements in the adjacent neighborhood. At the in 1 shown gravel are agricultural land, such as meadows or fields, adjacent to the in 1 bottom edge and right edge of the gravel pit. Such agricultural land places high demands on dust purity, because grass contaminated with dust or crops contaminated with dust are impaired in their quality and considerably reduce their usefulness. At the in 1 shown gravel are located adjacent to the upper and left edge industrial areas, which are only slightly sensitive to dust.

To meet these different requirements for dust formation and dust sensitivity, the dust-binding device comprises 1 a wetting device 10 for wetting the driveway 2 and the ramp 3 with binder, several local Nebelabschirmeinheiten 11 and two fog walls 12 ,

The fog shield units 11 are for shielding the local dust sources in the gravel pit 4 intended. The fog walls 12 are located in 1 at the bottom and the right edge of the gravel pit 4 to the transfer of dust from the gravel pit 4 to prevent neighboring agricultural land.

The wetting device 10 points next to the track 2 on both sides running pipe sections 1.13 and 2.13 on. These pipe sections 1.13 and 2.13 are stiff, laid on the ground pipes 13 ( 3 ), at which at regular intervals (for example, every 5 to 10 m, preferably every 6 to 8 m) a vertically upwardly extending standpipe 14 branches. The stanchions 14 each have a length of 0.5 to 2 m. At its upper, free end is on each standpipe 14 an atomizing nozzle 15 , On the standpipe 14 is adjacent to the atomizing nozzle 15 a manually operable shut-off valve, in particular a ball valve, arranged, with which the water supply to each atomizing nozzle 15 can be switched on or off separately.

Preferably, the atomizing nozzles 15 designed as pressure nozzles, which open independently only from a predetermined opening pressure and close automatically below a predetermined closing pressure. This ensures, on the one hand, that the binder only exits if it has sufficient atomizing pressure at the atomizing nozzle 15 is applied. Furthermore, by the independent closing of the atomizing nozzles 15 made sure that the standpipe 14 and the pipe section 13 do not empty if the wetting device 10 not in operation. This will be a refilling of the pipe sections 13 and the stanchions 14 avoided, whereby on the one hand the risk of pressure shocks can be significantly reduced and on the other hand, the operation without significant delay time can be allowed. In addition, this is a unevenness of the binder application, as can be done by a partial or complete emptying of the pipe prevented. The atomizing nozzles 15 are formed such that the binder is atomized with a droplet size corresponding to a fine drizzle. The droplet size is subject to a certain distribution, with the vast majority of the droplets having a droplet size of at least 100 μm, preferably at least 150 μm or at least 200 μm. They produce a fine spray that spreads uniformly over a predetermined range (FIG. 1 ) semicircular or circular or circular segment-like (eg a circle segment with 90 ° or 125 ° or) or can be distributed angularly.

The proportion of binder evaporating during spraying is low. The droplets can be from the atomizing nozzle 15 sprayed to a distance of about 5 to 12 m. The atomizing nozzles 15 are formed with a semicircular spray pattern, and arranged so that they with this spray pattern the adjacent track 2 cover ( 4 ). For wetting an approximately 5 m wide strip over a distance of 100 m about 2 to 4 m ^{3 of} binder are discharged per hour. The operating pressure at the nozzle in this case is about 2.5 to 4.5 bar to ensure a reliable spread of the spray. In practice, it has been shown that an interval operation with a spray time of about 5 to 15 minutes and a pause of about 5 to 30 minutes, the pause should be at least as long as the spray time, leads to an efficient wetting. The break times are preferably automatically adapted to the weather conditions. The hotter and drier the ambient air is, or the more wind there is, the shorter the pauses are.

The control of the spray time for wetting a soil can also be carried out depending on the substrate. A sealed bottom, such as e.g. an asphalt floor, can absorb no appreciable amount of binder. For the sealed bottom, therefore, interval operation with a spray time of about 5 to 15 minutes and a pause of about 5 to 30 minutes without intensive pre-wetting is preferred.

On the other hand, if the bottom is not sealed, it will typically have a porosity that can store binders and deliver the stored amount of binder. The soil then forms a binder reservoir similar to a sponge. In the case of the unsealed bottom, intensive pre-wetting is preferably first carried out, which takes at least 30 minutes, preferably at least 45 minutes and in particular at least 1 hour, whereby binder is dispensed at a rate of 1 to 3 l / m ² . Thereafter, interval operation with short spray times of about 2.5 to 10 minutes at a rate of 1 to 3 L / m ² and pauses of about 5 to 30 minutes may be performed to replace binder released from the bottom.

The control of the spraying times is preferably carried out automatically by means of a central control device. The central control device can automatically adjust the spray times as a function of predetermined weather parameters (amount of precipitation, temperature, wind speed, air humidity, intensity of solar radiation). The weather parameters can be supplied by means of suitable weather sensors (thermometer, wind gauge, precipitation gauge) or weather data available on the Internet.

In addition to the weather parameters mentioned above, the soil moisture can also be measured and taken into account when controlling the spraying time. The consideration of soil moisture is particularly useful in dust binding devices that wet the soil with binder to avoid dust. These dust binding devices are mainly used in porous soils, on which dust can be whirled up. Depending on the porosity, these trays have a different capacity to absorb water. Accordingly, the soil moisture thresholds should be determined and adjusted empirically. Even with mist-generating dust binding devices, the measurement of soil moisture may be appropriate. Here it is determined, above all, by means of a measurement of the soil moisture, whether too much moisture precipitation reaches the ground and there is a risk of puddling.

The above-mentioned weather parameters and / or the soil moisture are preferably combined so that they are a measure of the evaporation. The stronger the evaporation, the longer the spraying times are automatically regulated and the more often the spraying takes place. The evaporation rate can be represented for example by the combination of humidity, wind speed, temperature and intensity of solar radiation. The regulation of the spraying times preferably takes place in such a way that the evaporated moisture is tracked as exactly as possible.

Such a control device serves to ensure a sufficient dust binding and on the other hand, the need for binders, in particular the need for water to keep as low as possible. This control device is shown here for an embodiment for wetting the soil with binder. Such a control device can equally be used for binding the dust by means of artificial mist.

The maximum length of such a wetting device is about 500 m. If longer distances are to be wetted, then several such wetting devices can be provided consecutively.

Along the ramp 3 is a hanging wetting device 2.10 intended. The hanging wetting device 2.10 includes a thin suspension rope 16 which is a steel cable, a pipeline 17 , Pipe hook 18 with which the pipeline 17 on the carrying rope 16 is suspended, flexible branch lines 19 and atomizing nozzles 20 , The atomizing nozzles 20 are similar to the atomizing nozzles 15 educated. However, they have a fully circular spray pattern, so that the wetting device 2.10 in the middle of the ramp 3 positioned can be and covers the ramp completely or at least almost completely with the spray pattern. Approximately every 5 to 7 meters is on the pipeline 17 a flexible branch line 19 with a spray nozzle 20 arranged. Adjacent to the atomizing nozzle 20 is located on the flexible branch line 19 a stabilizer 52 who is the branch line 19 encloses and because of its weight ensures that the flexible branch line 19 hangs down and is at least vertically aligned with its lower portion. This positions and adjusts the flexible branch line 19 automatically, even if the entire wetting device 2.10 due to external circumstances, such as wind, is moved. The atomizing nozzles 20 are preferably formed again as pressure nozzles, which open from a predetermined opening pressure and close automatically from a predetermined closing pressure. The opening pressure is in the range of 1.5 to 4 bar. The closing pressure is slightly lower. The maximum length of the wetting device 2.10 is about 500 m. The wetting device 2.10 is preferably operated at intervals of 10 to 15 minutes with pauses of 10 to 30 minutes. The wetting device 2.10 is preferably arranged at a height of at least 5 to 6 m above the ground. The pipeline 17 is preferably made of a plastic pipe, in particular polyethylene pipe. It has a tube inner diameter of for example 16 to 40 mm.

The fog shield units 11 are basically the same as the hanging wetting device 2.10 with a carrying rope 16 , a pipeline 17 , Pipe hook 18 , flexible branch lines 19 and atomizing nozzles 21 educated ( 5 ). The atomizing nozzles 21 the fog shield units 11 differ from the atomizing nozzles 20 the wetting device 10 in that they spray the binder much finer, ie, with a droplet size of 30 to 120 microns. The droplet size is preferably 50 to 100 μm, in particular 60 to 90 μm. Such fine droplets form a mist, which gradually settles on the ground. Such fine droplets can not be sprayed as far as the larger droplets of the wetting device explained above 10 , The maximum range is about 1.5 m. It is usually between 0.8 and 1.3 m. The atomizing nozzles 21 are with their flexible branch lines 19 at a distance of 0.7 to 1.5 m, in particular a distance of 0.9 to 1.2 m at the pipeline 17 arranged. To provide a particularly dense mist, it may also be appropriate to have two Nebelabschirmeinheiten 11 parallel to each other, with the piping 17 are arranged at a distance of 1 to 2 m to each other. The nozzles of the two fog shield units 11 are then preferably arranged offset to one another in the longitudinal direction.

The pipeline 17 is preferably formed of a flexible plastic, such as soft polyethylene. In such a pipeline 17 holes can be stung to the branch lines 19 to join. This can also be done later after the entire installation of the system, which makes it possible, if necessary, locally more atomizing nozzles 20 to provide on a line. If locally a particularly dense fog is needed, the distance of the atomizing nozzles can be reduced to 0.5 m or 0.25 m or even to 0.1 m. Similarly, it is possible to subsequently atomize nozzles 21 or a branch line 19 together with the corresponding atomizing nozzle 21 To remove and close the corresponding opening with a plug. This can be subsequently made to the system changes. This is particularly advantageous when, due to changed circumstances, there is a different need for fog. Such changes are always possible if the pipe is made of a plastic, can be punched or stung in the corresponding holes. This applies equally to a suspended as well as a ground-based system in which the corresponding pipeline is laid on the ground.

• – Aufgrund der Elastizität der Kunststoffrohre können Längenausdehnungen einfach aufgenommen werden. Daher können diese Vorrichtungen über lange Strecken von 500 m bis zu 5 km einfach installiert und betrieben werden. Bei Stahlrohren bestünde die Gefahr, dass aufgrund von Temperaturschwankungen längere Ausdehnungen auftreten, welche zu Undichtigkeiten an den Stoßstellen führen.
• – Die Kunststoffrohre sind wetterunempfindlich. Bei Sturm geben sie elastisch nach und nehmen nach dem Sturm ihre Ausgangsstellung wieder ein.
• – Bei einem hängenden System ist die Montage an dem Tragseil 16 aus Stahl sehr einfach durch Fixieren der Rohrleitung 17 mittels der Rohrleitungshaken 18. Zur dauerhaften Halterung der Rohrleitung 17 genügt ein Stahlseil mit einem Durchmesser von 5 bis 8 mm. Stützen zum Spannen des Stahlseiles können im Abstand von 50 bis 150 m vorgesehen werden, so dass große Bereiche überspannt werden können und die Stützen nicht einen darunter liegenden Betrieb stören.
• – Die Vorrichtung kann variabel durch weitere Düsen ergänzt werden bzw. Düsen können im Nachhinein entfernt werden.

The use of elastic plastic pipes as a pipeline 17 has the following additional advantages:

• - Due to the elasticity of the plastic pipes Längenausdehnungen can be easily absorbed. Therefore, these devices can be easily installed and operated over long distances of 500 m to 5 km. For steel pipes, there is a risk that due to temperature fluctuations longer expansions occur, which lead to leaks at the joints.
• - The plastic pipes are insensitive to weather. In a storm, they give way elastically and after the storm resume their starting position.
• - In a hanging system, the mounting is on the support cable 16 Made of steel very easy by fixing the pipe 17 by means of pipeline hooks 18 , For permanent mounting of the pipeline 17 a steel cable with a diameter of 5 to 8 mm is sufficient. Supports for tensioning the steel cable can be provided at a distance of 50 to 150 m, so that large areas can be spanned and the supports do not interfere with an underlying operation.
• - The device can be variably supplemented by additional nozzles or nozzles can be removed afterwards.

The operating pressure is about 3 to 6 bar. The higher the operating pressure, the finer the droplets and the better the hoverability the mist in air, which, however, also associated with a stronger wind sensitivity. Again, it is possible to use the above-mentioned pressure nozzles with predetermined opening and closing pressure.

Such a fog shield unit 11 can be operated in continuous operation. However, it may also be appropriate to operate such a Nebelabschirmeinheit with very short pulses of 1 second to 120 seconds and correspondingly short pauses of 1 second to 120 seconds, as provided by the ability of the fog, even with such a pulsed operation, a permanent fog wall can. With such a pulsed operation, the consumption of binder can be significantly reduced without impairing the ability of dust-binding. Such a pulsed operation is particularly advantageous in places where there are no or only very small air currents.

The fog walls 12 are the same as the fog shield units 11 formed, but they include one or more parallel pipelines extending over a longer distance and continuously at regular intervals with atomizing nozzles 21 are provided. The pipelines 17 can also be arranged vertically one above the other ( 7 ), so that a fog wall is formed with a height of a few meters. At the in 7 shown embodiment are seven pipes 17 each arranged at a distance of 1 m above each other, so that forms a fog wall with a height of seven meters.

Both the fog shield unit 11 as well as the smoke screen 12 is arranged with respect to a dust source so that the mist is not generated at the dust source but a distance away from the dust source. At the origin of the dust is usually a strong air flow, which stirs up the dust. Applying such a dust formation point with mist would only cause the mist to be moved away again due to the air flow and a large proportion of the binder would have no effect. Therefore, the mist is placed adjacent to the dust formation site in a place where the air is calmed. Here the dust can be bound much more efficiently. The air flow is preferably limited to a maximum of 1 m / s, in particular 0.8 m / s or 0.7 m / s and preferably to a maximum of 0.5 m / s. The distance of the area in which the artificial mist is located from the place of origin of the dust is therefore chosen so that this limit is met.

The fog shield units 11 are preferably designed so that they enclose the dust source as completely as possible. If the dust source already shielded by a mechanical wall, then it may also be appropriate to form the fog shield so that it ends flush with this end to this wall and so together with the wall surrounds the dust source and in particular the removal of the dust along the wall and beyond prevented. The fog shield unit thus forms a wall termination.

The fog wall 12 preferably has a gutter 22 to collect the mist droplets. The water collected here becomes a tank 23 passed, from which it by means of a pump 24 back into the pipeline 17 the fog wall is pumped. The binder is thus transported in the circulation. At one point of this cycle is a filter 25 provided, with which the dust particles are removed from the water. Alternatively, the once used water can of course be discarded, in which case no filter is provided.

The dust binding device 1 has a central binder source 26 which, for example, can be a well ( 2 ). The binder is preferably pure water. By means of a pump 27 the water gets out of the binder source 26 deducted. In a line section 28 that is different from the binder source 26 to the pump 27 extends, there is a manual shut-off valve 29 and a check valve 30 in the event of a pump failure, a backflow of the water into the binder source 26 prevented. At the downstream side of the pump 27 leads a main line 31 to the wetting device 10 , to the fog screen units 1.11 and 2.11 and to the fog walls 1.12 and 2.12 , From the main line 31 branches in each case a main strand to the wetting device 10 , to the fog screen units 1.11 . 2.11 and to the fog walls 1.12 and 2.12 from. On the main lines are each switching valves 32/1 to 32/5 arranged, which from a central control device 38 are individually actuated. With the switching valves 32/1 to 32/5 the water supply to the individual main lines can be switched on and off. By actuating the switching valve 32/1 For example, interval operation may take about 5 to 15 minutes to spray and about 5 to 30 minutes to break at the wetting equipment 10 and by actuating the switching valves 32/2 to 32/5 can at the fog screen units 1.11 and 2.11 or on the mist walls 1.12 and 2.12 the short pulses are executed from 1 second to 120 seconds with correspondingly short pauses of 1 second to 120 seconds.

A wetting device 10 Branches the main strand into two sub-strands for the horizontal wetting device 1.10 and the hanging wetting device 2.10 , In the two branches is always at the beginning of a pressure reducer 33/1 . 33/2 arranged by the pump 27 provided pressure on the operating pressure of the respective wetting device 1.10 respectively. 2.10 reduced. In the main strands of the fog shield units 1.11 . 2.11 and the fog walls 1.12 and 2.12 is also a pressure reducer 33 arranged here, too, for the respective atomizing nozzles 21 adjust the appropriate operating pressure. Instead of the pressure reducer and other pumps can be provided, which then especially for the Nebelabschirmeinheiten 1.11 . 2.11 generate a higher pressure, so that the operating pressure of the main pump 27 can be lowered. This is therefore another decentralized binder feed.

The wetting device 10 and the individual fog shield units 1.11 . 2.11 and the individual fog walls 1.12 and 2.12 can be operated independently of each other. From the main branch of the fog shield unit 1.11 branches a branch line 34 from, with which the screening device 5 is enclosed. The atomizing nozzles 21 are here with a predetermined distance of 0.5 to 1.5 m from the screening device 5 , which forms a strong dust source, arranged so that forms at this distance to the dust source a fog wall. In a corresponding manner are further branch lines 35 . 36 . 37 on the second fog shield unit 2.11 provided to the hopper 7 and the crossing points 9 enclose with a suitable distance.

The pipe section 28 can also be designed as a well pipe ( 13 ). The well pipe 28 extends through a vertical well bore 58 deep into the soil. A pump 59 is in place of the pump 27 in the well bore 58 arranged and to the well pipe 28 coupled to get out of the well bore 58 Water in the dust-binding device 1 to pump. In the above-ground area of the line section is a branch line 60 provided, which of the line section 28 branches off and a drain opening 61 having. In the branch line 60 there is a control valve 62 , which can be controlled by a central control device.

Instead of the vertical well drilling 58 can also be provided a shaft or a concrete Tiefspeicher.

When switching on the pump 59 becomes the control valve 62 Gradually closed over a predetermined time interval. This will be in the line section 28 through the pump 59 not abruptly but gradually built up a pressure, as initially a part of the water or the binder in the branch line 60 through the control valve 62 from the drain hole 61 exit.

When switching off the pump, the control valve 62 gradually opened, reducing the pressure in the line section 28 is gradually reduced and counteracts a pressure shock. The opening of a control valve is preferably carried out shortly before switching off the pump, so that when switching off the pump already a reduced pressure in the line section 28 is present, whereby the risk of a pressure shock is reduced. The control valve 62 can also be designed as an automatically opening pressure control valve which opens from a predetermined opening pressure. This opening pressure is greater than the operating pressure. In case of a sudden failure of the pump 59 is in the line section 28 generates a pressure peak, which via the automatically opening pressure control valve 62 is derived. Through reflections, several successive pressure peaks can occur, one after the other over the branch line 60 be derived. It is also possible that this or another valve immediately opens abruptly in case of pump failure, on the one hand to dissipate immediately pressurized binder or to allow derivation for the following pressure peak - so it is already open before the onset of pressure - so no detection of this Pressure peak through the valve. It is also possible that this valve or another valve allows an influx of air or other media, so as to counteract the development of a cavitation blow.

In principle, it is also possible to provide two separate branch strands, wherein in one branch line a controllable by the central control device control valve and in the other branch line an automatically opening pressure control valve is provided. It can also be provided only a single branch line, in which the automatically opening pressure control valve is arranged.

8th shows masts with tensioning cables 56 for fixing the suspension cables 16 , But the suspension ropes can also at any other increase, such as a building 57 be fixed immediately ( 9 ).

10 shows the wiring diagram of a second embodiment of the dust-binding device 1 , The same parts as in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals and formed the same as in the first embodiment, and therefore a detailed description of these parts can be omitted.

This dust binding device 1 again comprises a binder source 26 or binder reservoir, a pump 27 , which via a line section 28 from the binder source 26 Binders, especially water, promotes. In the pipe section 28 there is a manual shut-off valve 29 and a check valve 30 , Furthermore, in the line section 28 a filter 39 arranged. The filter may be provided with a filter medium having a pore size of 130 microns. However, a filter without filter medium, such as a cyclone filter, may be provided.

From the pump 27 leads a main line 31 to a wetting device and / or to a Nebelabschirmeinheit or a smoke screen. These devices each have at least one wiring harness with one or more atomizing nozzles. Therefore, these devices will be generally referred to as a nozzle string 40 designated. The second embodiment has two such nozzle strands 40 on, each with a switching valve 32 kick off. At the to the nozzle strands 40 leading line 31 is a pressure vessel with gas cushion 41 connected. From the line 31 to the pressure vessel with gas cushion 41 leads a thin feed line 42 and a thick discharge line 43 , In the discharge line 43 there is a check valve 44 , which is arranged such that water from the pressure vessel with gas cushion 41 only towards the lead 31 through the discharge line 43 can flow.

Will the pressure vessel with gas cushion 41 filled with water, then this water flows exclusively through the thin supply line 42 , When emptying the pressure vessel with gas cushion, the water can both through the discharge line 43 as well as through the supply line 42 into the pipe 31 and from there to the nozzle lines 40 flow. The discharge line 43 preferably has an at least twice and in particular four times as large diameter as the feed line 42 on. However, it is also possible that the supply line 42 only acts as a supply line, if it contains, for example, a throttle body that is continuous in one direction only.

By providing the thin feed line 42 and the thick discharge line 43 The emptying of the pressure vessel with gas cushion can be done much faster than the filling of the same.

In the line 31 there is a switching valve 45 that from the central control device 38 is controlled. The switching valve is in the flow direction after the pressure vessel with gas cushion 41 arranged. The switching valve 45 has a plurality of open positions, so that by means of the switching valve 45 a different opening cross-section is adjustable. The opening cross-section can be varied in several stages or continuously.

In the area between the switching valve 45 and the nozzle strands 40 is a volumetric flow meter 46 arranged with the central control device 38 is connected and this transmits the current volume flow. Another volumetric flow meter 48 is in at least one of the nozzle strands 40 arranged.

At the end of one of the nozzle strands 40 is a switching valve 47 that from the central control device 38 can be controlled to empty the nozzle string 40 intended.

Unless otherwise stated below, this dust-binding device works 1 of the second embodiment as well as that of the first embodiment, with the pump 27 Water from the binder source 26 sucked, the nozzle strands 40 is fed and controlled there by the switching valves 32 via atomizing nozzles (not shown in FIG 10 ) is output.

The switching valve 47 at the end of one of the nozzle strands 40 has two functions. Should this dust binding device 1 be operated in winter, then at risk of frost, the nozzle train 40 be emptied by the switching valve 47 is opened and air in the switching harness 40 is encouraged. The air can be provided by means of a compressed air source or a suitable pump. If the binder or the water has impurities, then they usually collect at the end of the nozzle strands 40 , These contaminants can be flushed out by the switching valve 47 is opened and the nozzle string 40 is rinsed with water.

Both the emptying of the nozzle string 40 as well as the rinsing of the nozzle string 40 is from the central controller 38 controlled.

The pressure vessel with gas cushion 41 may be a membrane vessel having a membrane which divides the membrane vessel into a gas pressure space and into a binder space. When filling the pressure vessel with gas cushion 41 the gas is compressed in the gas pressure chamber, which causes the pressure in the pressure vessel with gas cushion 41 elevated. Is one or more nozzle strands 40 emptied, then they must be completely refilled before the operation can be started. With the pressure vessel with gas cushion 41 a large volume of binder can be provided quickly. Due to the large cross-section, the removal of the binder from the pressure vessel with gas cushion through the discharge line 43 and the supply line 42 is available, the binder can quickly, ie, with a high volume flow to the nozzle strands 40 be encouraged. Rapid delivery of binder or water in the not completely filled nozzle strands carries the risk of a pressure shock, which occurs when the respective nozzle string is completely filled. In this regard, the use of the Pressure tank with gas cushion 41 advantageous because when removing the binder from the pressure vessel with gas cushion, the gas pressure chamber expands, causing the pressure in the pressure vessel with gas cushion 41 decreases and decreases with increasing discharge from the pressure vessel. This means that at the beginning the binder from the pressure vessel 41 with a high pressure towards the nozzle strands 40 is promoted, with this pressure and thus decrease the flow velocity. As a result, the risk of a pressure surge is slightly reduced. At the same time a large amount of binder from the pressure vessel with gas cushion is very quickly at the beginning of the promotion 41 provided, so that emptied nozzle strands 40 can be refilled quickly.

If the lines are elastic plastic lines, then these lines also form a binder buffer. At a start of operation, the "buffer" of the lines is first filled from the pressure vessel, which counteracts a pressure shock in a fast line filling. The combination of a pressure vessel with gas cushion and elastic plastic pipes is therefore particularly advantageous.

During operation, conditions very rarely occur in which the pressure vessel with gas cushion is completely filled or completely emptied. Rather, the pressure vessel with gas cushion is usually partially filled and partially emptied, so that it can compensate for fluctuations in the binder requirement quickly and reliably during operation, without the risk of pressure shocks. With the volumetric meter 46 will be that of the pump 27 and the pressure vessel with gas cushion 41 through the pipe 31 supplied volume flow measured. The control device that detects this volume flow, based on this volume flow, the pump power of the pump 27 and / or the opening cross section of the switching valve 45 to adjust. When a maximum permissible flow rate is exceeded, the pumping capacity of the pump 27 reduced and / or the opening cross-section of the switching valve 45 be reduced, thereby reducing both the volume flow from the pressure vessel with gas cushion 41 as well as through the pump 27 Volume flow generated can be controlled. As the pressure vessel with gas cushion 41 in the area between the pump 27 and the switching valve 45 to the line 31 connected by the pump power of the pump 27 and the open position of the switching valve 45 the pressure in this line section can be controlled so that water enters the pressure vessel with gas cushion 41 flows when the pressure in this line section is greater than in the pressure vessel with gas cushion 41 is and water from the pressure vessel with gas cushion 41 is withdrawn when the pressure in this line section smaller than in the pressure vessel with gas cushion 41 is. In normal operation, a balance between these two pressures, so that the level of the pressure vessel with gas cushion 41 remains constant. Due to the fact that the supply line 42 has a small cross-section, the volume flow when filling the pressure vessel with gas cushion 41 correspondingly small, so that even with a little filled pressure vessel with gas cushion 41 and not yet completely filled nozzle strands 40 It is possible to use the main part of the pump 27 funded volume flow to the nozzle strands 40 to lead. Is the pressure vessel with gas cushion 41 However, filled with binder or water, then by opening the switching valve 45 the nozzle strands 40 quickly be fed a large amount of water.

Preferably, in the nozzle strands 40 Level sensors (not shown) arranged. The nozzle strands 40 may each have a level sensor at their end regions. They can be distributed over their length, but also have several level sensors. The level sensors are connected to the central control device 38 connected so that the central control device 38 the fill levels of the nozzle strands 40 can capture. The levels can in the control of the open position of the switching valve 45 and the pump power of the pump 27 are taken into account and the fuller the nozzle strands are filled with binder, the more the volume flow or the flow rate is reduced.

That in the nozzle train 40 arranged volumetric flow meter 48 serves to monitor the functionality of this nozzle string. If this nozzle line has a leak, for example, then the volume flow in this nozzle line increases. It is controlled by the volumetric flow meter 48 detected. It can be issued an error message and at the same time this nozzle strand by means of the corresponding switching valve 32 be switched off. If, on the other hand, one or several atomization nozzles are blocked, the corresponding volume flow is reduced. This can also be done by means of the volumetric flow meter 48 be determined and a corresponding error message can be issued. Also, with that in one of the nozzle strands 40 arranged volumetric flow meter 48 too high volume flows are detected, which can cause a risk of shock. Then, based on this detected volume flow in one of the nozzle strands 40 the entire volume flow, by means of the switching valve 45 and the pump power of the pump 27 is reduced accordingly.

Preferably, in all nozzle strands 40 such volumetric flow meters 48 arranged so that all nozzle strands 40 can be monitored individually.

Furthermore, with the volumetric flow meters 46 . 48 the volume flows in the dust-binding device 1 be recorded and logged. As a result, it can later be understood whether the dust-binding device 1 was operating correctly at some point in time.

The above-described level sensors can also be designed as a pressure switch, which only output a signal from a predetermined pressure. This not only detects whether the nozzle strands 40 are filled with binder, but also that the filling at the location of the corresponding pressure switch has a certain pressure. The switching threshold of these pressure switches should be slightly lower than the operating pressure of the atomizing nozzles in the nozzle lines 40 be. Suitable threshold values of the pressure switches are preferably in the range of 1.5 bar to 3 bar.

For long nozzle strands 40 it may also be expedient with increasing distance from the binder source 26 Provide atomizing nozzles with increasingly low operating pressure (opening pressure and closing pressure), as the pressure in the nozzle train 40 can decrease with increasing distance. The individual atomizing nozzles thus point with increasing distance from the binder source 26 a low opening or closing pressure. The pressure threshold of the pressure switches in the vicinity of the corresponding atomizing nozzles must be adapted accordingly to the opening or closing pressure of these atomizing nozzles.

By means of pressure reducers, cross-sectional constrictions due to a reduction of the line cross-section, or by providing appropriate bottlenecks, the nozzle strands 40 can also be set specifically in pressure zones. For example, the pressure zones may be reduced in pressure as the distance from the binder source increases 26 be formed so that in the individual pressure zones different but defined pressure conditions exist. By such a pressure adjustment, a very high output uniformity can be achieved. The pressure applied to the respective nozzles can be kept permanently at a defined value, regardless of whether it is the first, the last, or any intermediate nozzle of a line. Preferably, the nozzles are designed as pressure nozzles with a predetermined opening and / or closing pressure, as explained above.

The central control device 38 may be configured to switch on and off the pump 27 delayed. This is particularly useful when the pump power of the pump 27 is not gradually adjustable. Turning the pump on and off 27 can cause cavitation problems in the pump or its associated components and can each generate a surge in the lines. If the switch-off is delayed by a predetermined period of time, then it may be that the operating states have changed again in the meantime, so that the pump 27 should not be turned off. Such situations occur especially when the controlled variables, such as flow, level and / or pressure in the line 31 or in the nozzle lines 40 are each close to the corresponding thresholds and commute around them. The dust binding device 1 is designed with a certain elasticity for elastically buffering binder, so that it is still possible even when reaching the threshold values, the operation of the pump 27 continue to promote a certain volume or due to the existing elasticity binder without pumping power of the pump 27 for the nozzle strands 40 provide. This elasticity is, for example, by the pressure vessel with gas cushion 41 provided. Furthermore, such elasticity can be provided for elastically buffering binder through conduits made of an elastic plastic material, in particular polyethylene, since this material can stretch within certain capacities and elastically yield binders. By such a time delay of switching on and off the pump 27 In conjunction with the elastic buffering of binder may increase the life of the pump 27 be extended considerably. This is particularly advantageous when the fog shield unit described above 11 or the fog wall described above 12 be operated with very short spray pulses. These pulses can be controlled by switching the switching valves 32 be controlled, the pump 27 can be operated continuously.

In the present embodiment, the time delay is in the central controller 38 realized. It is of course also possible to provide a separate time delay element, in particular a time delay relay, which switches on and / or off the pump 27 independent of the central controller 38 delayed in time.

Furthermore, in the main line 31 and / or in the nozzle strands 40 one or more pressure sensors each be provided, which are connected to the central control device 38 are connected. The pressure readings taken with the pressure sensors can be used to control the volume flow in the main line in a manner similar to the volume flows described above 31 by means of the switching valve 45 and the pump 27 be used. This is the control valve 45 and the pump power of the pump 27 switched or changed when the measured pressure values predetermined Exceed and / or fall below thresholds. Furthermore, predetermined safety thresholds may be provided which are greater than the thresholds for controlling normal operation. If the pressure values measured with the pressure sensors reach the safety threshold values, then this is done by the central control device 38 rated as a safety issue and the pump 27 completely off and / or safety valves (not shown) in the main line 31 and / or in the nozzle strands 40 opened to release binder to the outside, reducing the pressure in the dust-binding device 1 can be quickly reduced and / or warnings are issued

In the embodiment explained above ( 10 ) is the pump 27 between the check valve 30 and the pressure vessel 41 arranged. In the context of the invention, the pump 27 of course also under water in the binder source 26 or be arranged in the binder reservoir.

Volumetric flow meters for measuring high volume flows are complex and expensive. It is therefore expedient, especially in the areas of high volume flows, a secondary strand 49 ( 11 ) to a main strand 50 to provide, wherein the secondary strand a line with a smaller cross-section than the line of the main strand 50 is and with both ends in the main strand 50 empties. In the secondary strand 49 becomes the volumetric flow meter 51 arranged, which controls the volume flow through the secondary strand 49 measures. Since the volume flows through the main strand 50 and the minor strand 49 in a certain ratio, that is the ratio of the cross section of the secondary strand 49 to the cross section of the main strand 50 may be equivalent to that in the minor strand 49 measured volume flow to the total volume flow through the secondary line and the main line are closed. Such an arrangement of the volume flow device is in particular in the main line 31 advantageous, since there are high volume flows.

To make sure that there is actually a flow, can be in the main strand 50 an additional flow monitoring device may be provided, which only indicates whether there is a flow or whether there is no flow. Such a flow monitoring device can be eg with a baffle plate flow meter. Hereby it can be determined if there is a flow in the main strand, even if the secondary strand should be blocked.

Above it was explained that the nozzle strands 40 can be divided into separate pressure zones by means of pressure reducer. Such pressure reducers 53 Typically, they act as a check valve, allowing only a flow from the higher pressure side to the lower pressure side. However, if short-term pressure peaks occur, then they can reach the area with lower pressure or, for example, they can also occur directly in the low-pressure area due to switching operations and can no longer escape from there, since water does not pass back through the pressure reducer 53 can flow. It may therefore be that in printing zones substantially higher pressures than the usual operating pressure in the respective pressure zone. This can lead to damage.

Looking at the line in which the pressure reducer 53 located, a side branch 49 before, in which a check valve 54 is arranged, which is a flow from the pressure-reduced side of the pressure reducer 53 to the side with higher pressure, then such pressure peaks can escape from the pressure zones ( 12 ).

The central control device 38 can be connected to sensors or online weather services that record the current weather (temperature, humidity, precipitation (forecasted and already fallen), wind speeds, wind direction, humidity, evaporation) and control the discharge of binder accordingly. It may also be appropriate that the control device 38 receives digital weather information to control the application of the binder accordingly. It has been shown, for example, that in the summer, at the end of a cool night or in the morning, it makes sense to wet the floor by means of a wetting device, since much less atomized water evaporates in cool air than later in the day when it is hotter. Such intensive wetting makes sense, especially in unsealed soils. However, if the weather data indicate that rain is expected soon after a dry night, intensive wetting shortly before the rain is superfluous. Such weather information is available today with high precision and can be taken into account in the control of the discharge of the binder. This also allows the system performance to be adapted to the weather. For example, by changing the amount of precipitation by changing the wetting interval or by the connection or disconnection of one or more nozzles or nozzle strands. The amount of binder applied (per unit of time, either the applied per wetting passage or the cumulative application per day) is changeable and selectively adjustable.

The device may also be provided with sensors which detect vehicles and / or persons, so that, depending on the output signals of these sensors, areas of the device are switched on or off. Are located For example, for a short time vehicles or people in a sprayed or to be provided with fog area, the binder supply can temporarily be switched off locally, so that the vehicles or persons are not sprayed. These sensors can be optical sensors, in particular cameras, or inductive coils embedded in the ground for detecting vehicles. The local switching off or on of areas can be carried out, for example, in a device in which the atomizing nozzles and / or specific pipe sections are provided with switchable valves or separate pumps.

However, sensors may also be provided with which the moisture of the soil, a mist and / or dust formation are detected. These sensors may be moisture sensors or optical sensors, such as cameras. Corresponding camera images can be automatically analyzed with optical image processing to see whether the soil is moist, in the atmosphere is a mist and / or a dust cloud exists. These optical sensors can be combined with special lighting devices that make corresponding dust particles easily visible. Depending on these sensor signals, the intensity of the dust binding can be controlled, whereby locally different intensities of the dust binding can be adjusted in dependence of the sensor signals.

The operating states and / or the sensor signals are preferably logged and archived. In this way, on the one hand, the operation of the device can be occupied, on the other hand, the dust state can be displayed when sensors are present, which detect the dust condition.

Instead of automatic control, recommendation messages can also be output to an operator at a corresponding output device (screen, loudspeaker), so that the operator of the device can trigger a corresponding dust binding.

In the following, precipitation rates are explained on the basis of examples of dust-binding devices according to the invention:
A dust-binding device with a standing arrangement of several atomizing nozzles 15 according to 3 is designed for wetting an approximately strip-shaped surface. The spray cone of these atomizing nozzles 15 are semicircular ( 4 ). The radius of the spray cone is 6.4 m and the operating pressure 3.5 bar. A single atomizing nozzle 15 sprays an area of about 64 m ² and consumes about 190 liters of binder or water per hour of continuous operation. In continuous operation, the soil is wetted at about 3 liters per square meter per hour. In pulsed operation, the consumption of binder per hour can be reduced to about 50-70 liters per hour and nozzle. The atomizing nozzles 15 are arranged at a distance of 7 m from each other.

Another embodiment of the atomizing nozzle 15 , has a throw of 9 m at an operating pressure of 3.5 bar. Otherwise, this embodiment corresponds to the sputtering nozzle according to the above-mentioned standing arrangement of sputtering nozzles according to FIG 3 and 4 with semicircular spray cones. The wetted area per nozzle is about 130 m ² and the consumption of binder or water is about 470 liters per hour per nozzle. This gives a precipitation rate of about 3.6 liters per m ² per hour in continuous operation.

Traces of run-time for a dust-binding device according to the two embodiments of a standing arrangement of atomizing nozzles explained above will follow 15 ( 3 and 4 ) explains:
On sealed floors, such as asphalt or concrete, the floor is moistened in cool weather for 5 to 10 minutes. Afterwards there is a break of one to several hours. In warm weather, the moistening takes place for a period of 5 to 20 minutes, in which case the pause time is half to about 1 hour. In hot weather (air temperature> 20 ° C) the humidification time is 5 to 20 minutes and the pause time is reduced to 10 to 20 minutes.

The stronger the wind, the longer the humidification times and the shorter the break times.

Sealed floors can hardly store water. They therefore dry quickly and require regular moistening, otherwise drainage water is produced.

Open natural soils such as gravel, gravel and sand can store water in contrast to sealed floors.

In cool weather (temperature <13 ° C) a moistening can be carried out in the morning for 0.5 to 1.5 hours, during which time no further moistening takes place on the remaining day. In warm weather (13 ° C <temperature <20 ° C), a moistening of 0.5 to 1.5 hours takes place in the morning, in which case further moistening can be carried out for a period of about 10 to 20 minutes, which in each case after breaks from 0.5 to 4 hours. The break time depends mainly on the storage capacity of the respective soil.

In hot weather (temperature> 20 ° C) moistening takes place in the morning for a period of 1 to 1.5 hours. Further moistening for a period of 20 to 45 minutes is carried out with pauses of between 30 and 60 minutes in between. In very hot and especially windy days, a continuous operation may be appropriate.

The continuous moistening of the soil can lead to a noticeable lowering of the ambient temperature. This is especially true for sunlit gravel pits, which are protected from the wind. Moistening keeps the floor cool, significantly reducing radiant heat radiated from the floor.

The following are examples of soil wetting dust binders with suspended atomizing nozzles 20 explains how they are in 5 and 6 are shown.

In a first embodiment, the throwing distance is 4 Meter and throwing cone forms a full circle. The operating pressure is in the range of 2 to 3 bar. The per atomizing nozzle 20 wetted area is about 50 m ² and the consumption of binder is about 70 liters per hour and per nozzle.

This gives a precipitation rate of about 1.4 liters / m ² in continuous operation.

In a second embodiment, the throw further is 4.8 m, the throwing cone again forms a full circle. The company train is in the range of 1.5 to 4.5 bar. The wetted area is about 72 m ² and the consumption is about 70 liters of binder per hour per atomizing nozzle. This gives a precipitation rate of about 0.97 liters per m ² and h in continuous operation.

In the following, typical runtime examples for a dust-binding device with such hanging nozzles will be explained, whereby these run-time examples apply to both types of nozzles:
For sealed floors, such as asphalt or concrete, the floor is moistened for a period of 10 to 20 minutes in cool weather (temperature <13 ° C). After a break of one to several hours, a new moistening takes place. In warm weather (13 ° C <temperature <20 ° C) moistening takes place for 10 to 30 minutes, with the pause time between successive moistening about half an hour to one hour. The further moistening is carried out again over a period of about 10 to 30 minutes.

In hot weather (temperature> 20 °), the soil is moistened for a period of 10 to 30 minutes. The break times are about 20 to 30 minutes. The stronger the wind, the longer the humidification times and the shorter the break times.

In open natural soils, such as gravel, gravel or sand, in humid weather (temperature <13 ° C) moistening takes place for 1 to 1.5 hours in the morning. The rest of the day, no further moistening is performed. In warm weather (13 ° C <temperature <20 ° C) a moistening of 1 to 1.5 hours takes place in the morning. After pauses of 0.5 to 4 hours, further humidification is carried out for a period of 20 to 40 minutes. In hot weather (temperature> 20 ° C), moistening will take place in the morning for 1 to 1.5 hours and then further moistening for 30 to 40 minutes. The pauses between each humidification are 30 to 60 minutes.

The stronger the wind, the longer the humidification times are and the shorter the breaks. In hot weather and wind, it may also be appropriate to operate the dust-binding device continuously.

Such a dust binding device with hanging nozzles, for example, from a binder line 17 be formed with an inner diameter of 28 mm, with at regular intervals (about 6 to 7 meters) branch lines 19 with atomizing nozzles 20 are arranged. In a section of the dust-binding device with a length of 350 m and 59 atomizing nozzles, the consumption 70 Liter of binder per hour per nozzle and the total consumption is about 4.13 m ³ / h. The tube volume is 67 liters. This corresponds to 1.6% of the total consumption per hour. Such a small tube volume can be quickly filled after a break or downtime. The filling can be done with a conventional standard pump, without a pressure vessel or pressure valve, which serves as Auslaustopp is necessary.

In the case of a dust-binding device with upright arrangement of the atomizing nozzles, it is possible, for example, to provide a pipe section with an inner diameter of 61.2 mm over a length of 500 m. The tube volume is then about 1470 liters. There are 72 atomizing nozzles arranged every 7 m, each having a consumption of 190 liters of binder per hour and per nozzle. The total consumption is therefore about 13.7 m ³ / h. The tube volume is thus about 10% of the total consumption per hour. This means that if the tube volume is completely emptied, it will take about 6 minutes for the tube volume to be refilled with binder if the binder is delivered at a constant rate. The rapid filling of large volumes causes the risk of pressure shocks, as already explained above. In such a dust-binding device, it is therefore expedient to provide a pressure vessel with gas cushion, whose useful volume corresponds approximately to the pipe volume. Here, therefore, a pressure vessel with a useful volume of 1500 liters would be appropriate. Alternatively or additionally, it is possible to provide a special pump, in particular a variable-speed pump or a pump with a particularly high output, in order to quickly top up the binder. Alternatively or additionally, self-locking pressure control valves or pressure nozzles can be provided, which prevent or delay leakage.

The longer the dustbinders are, the larger the rule is the inner diameter of the pipe section 13 , With a line length of, for example, 1.6 km, it makes sense to provide a pipe (hard PE) with an inside diameter of 130.8 mm. Here are 189 atomizing nozzles (vertical arrangement) connected about every 8.5 m. They each have a consumption of 470 liters per hour and per nozzle. The total consumption is about 88.8 m ³ / h. The tube volume is about 21 m ³ . This corresponds to about 25% of the consumption of binder per hour. At a constant flow rate, refilling a completely empty tube volume would take about 15 minutes. Such a long delay is fundamentally unacceptable. Therefore, with such a large tube volume, it is recommended that the leakage or emptying be avoided or significantly delayed. This can be achieved by means of self-locking pressure control valves or pressure nozzles. In a standing nozzle arrangement, however, this is not necessary if the dust-binding device is approximately horizontal. For dust binders, which extend over a height difference, which is greater than the height of the standpipes 14 is, it is expedient to provide an automatically opening pressure control valve or a pressure nozzle to the underlying atomizing nozzles. However, a partial emptying can hardly be completely avoided with longer service life. Therefore, it is expedient to provide in pipelines of a dust-binding device with such a large volume of volume pressure vessel with gas cushion and / or flow restrictor valves, so that during refilling a predetermined maximum speed is not exceeded.

It can therefore be stated that in the case of relatively small pipe volumes (pipe volume <3% of binder consumption per hour) no special measures are required for refilling, with larger pipe volumes, however, suitable measures (eg pressure vessels, self-locking pressure control valves or pressure nozzle; Pumps should be taken. For large pipe volumes (greater than 15% of the regular binder consumption per hour or in particular greater than 20% of the regular binder consumption per hour), the drainage or emptying of the pipeline should be avoided or significantly delayed. Suitable measures for this purpose are the provision of self-locking pressure control valves and pressure nozzles. Self-locking pressure control valves and pressure nozzles are not necessary in dust-holding devices with upright arrangement when the dust-binding device is arranged exactly in a horizontal plane. However, this is only rarely the case since the dust-binding devices according to the invention generally extend over longer distances. However, the use of self-locking pressure control valves and pressure nozzles is also advantageous because then there is always pressurized binder in the binder line and therefore a quick start after a break is possible.

The following are examples of mist-generating dust-binding devices with suspended atomizing nozzles 21 explains how they are in 5 and 6 are shown.

There are single nebulas and single groups combined into a group of four.

The nozzle nose is about 80 cm per nozzle, measured horizontally directly at the nozzle. Until the fog has reached the bottom, the fog has expanded to about 1.5 m.

The single nozzle consumes about 7.5 liters of binder per hour at an operating pressure of 4 bar, the 4-fold model about 30 liters per hour. This results in a consumption of about 0.002 liters per second or of 0.008 liters per second in a pulsed operation.

Such a dust-binding device can also be designed as a low-flow dust-binding device. Then the single nozzle consumes about 5.5 liters of binder per hour and the 4-fold model about 22 liters of binder per hour (0.0015 l / sec or 0.006 l / sec.).

The individual nozzles are usually mounted at a distance of about 10 cm in the pipeline, the 4-way nozzles at a distance of about 0.5 to 2 meters.

Since part of the mist evaporates, it is difficult to determine a precipitation rate for a mist-generating dustbinder, as it depends strongly on the current climate.

The following are examples of runtimes:

Case 1: Dust binding on a stone crusher machine

When the stone breaker machine is standing, the dust binding is inactive. During operation of the rock crusher machine fog is generated continuously.

The rock crusher machine is provided on two sides with a Benebelungsstrang, each having a length of 3 meters, with the Benebelungsstrang is located 1.7 meters away from the rock crusher machine.

The nozzle spacing is 1 meter, which provides six atomizing nozzles. The operating pressure is 5 bar. The water consumption is per hour (6 × 34 =) 204 liters / h in continuous operation.

Case 2: indoor dust binding:

In a garbage sorting hall, several dust ducts are attached to the ceiling of the hall at a distance of 2 meters, which have mounted all 1.5 meter mist nozzles (4-fold). A total of 350 dust-binding nozzles are available, which at an operating pressure of 5 bar have a water consumption of 11,900 liters per hour in continuous operation.

Every 28 seconds, a fog pulse of 2 seconds duration is generated. The mist emerges from the hall ceiling and falls down.

Each pulse consumes 6.6 liters of binder. Each hour thus results in an effective binder consumption of about 800 liters. That's just a fifteen-note over a continuous operation.

Case 3: Construction vehicle

A dust-producing construction vehicle continuously produces dusty air during its operating time by raising ground dust, which rises from the ground and rolls on.

At the side of the construction vehicle, misting nozzles are placed on two sides at a distance of 1.5 meters above the ground. A total of ten nozzles with an hourly consumption of 300 liters at an operating pressure of 4 bar are appropriate.

In order to save water in mobile operation, the fog system is operated pulsed. It is ejected in each case for 1 second fog, then is paused in each case for 4 seconds.

Each fog pulse leads to a consumption of 0.08 liter of binder. Per hour results in a pulsed operation, a binder consumption of 60 liters. Thus, compared to continuous fog operation only about one fifth of binder is consumed.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

Tack device

2

roadway

3

ramp

4

gravel pit

5

screening

6

Conveyor track

7

hopper

8th

processing building

9

Checkpoint

10

Wetting device

11

Nebelabschirmeinheit

12

smokescreen

13

pipe section

14

standpipe

15

atomizing nozzle

16

supporting cable

17

pipeline

18

Pipe hook

19

flexible branch line

20

atomizing nozzle

21

atomizing nozzle

22

gutter

23

tank

24

pump

25

filter

26

binder source

27

pump

28

line section

29

shut-off valve

30

check valve

31

management

32

switching valve

33

pressure reducer

34

branch stranded

35

branch stranded

36

branch stranded

37

branch stranded

38

central control device

39

filter

40

nozzle line

41

Pressure vessel with gas cushion

42

feed

43

discharge

44

check valve

45

switching valve

46

Flow Meter

47

switching valve

48

Flow Meter

49

secondary line

50

main line

51

Flow Meter

52

stabilizer

53

pressure reducer

54

check valve

55

mast

56

tether

57

building

58

well drilling

59

pumpjack

60

branch stranded

61

drain hole

62

control valve

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 29718708 U1 [0001]
• EP 0908215 A2 [0001]
• DE 1658345 U [0002]
• DE 1668644 U [0003]
• WO 2014/019311 A1 [0004]
• DE 915203 B [0005]
• EP 0950796 A1 [0006]
• DE 2335861 A1 [0007]
• DE 6812095 U [0008]
• DE 1815543 [0009]
• DE 413175 A1 [0010]
• DE 1795744 U [0011]
• AT 512490 A1 [0012]
• DE 3441386 A1 [0013]
• WO 2008/082316 A2 [0014]
• WO 2008/020773 A1 [0014]

Cited non-patent literature

• Leopold Böswirth, Lehr- und Übungsbuch, 8th Edition, Vieweg + Teubner, Chapter 12.3 [0015]

Claims (49)

 Device for binding dust, comprising a binder reservoir which provides pressurized liquid binder, a binder line connected to the binder reservoir, wherein at least one atomizing nozzle is connected to the binder line, which can be arranged in the vicinity of a dust source, and the binder conduit has one or more pressure control valves which open as pressure switching valves above a predetermined switching pressure and thus release a binder feed to the atomizing nozzle or as pressure regulating valves even above a predetermined switching pressure and at the same time reduce the pressure on the downstream side of the pressure regulating valve to a predetermined pressure range settle, and the pressure reservoir comprises at least one pressure vessel with gas cushion, which is subdivided into a gas pressure space and a binder space. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the binder reservoir provides the binder with a maximum pressure of 10 bar and preferably with a maximum pressure of 5 bar. Apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the binder reservoir provides the binder with a minimum pressure of 2 bar and preferably with a minimum pressure of 4 bar. Device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the sputtering nozzle (s) is arranged and aligned at a distance from the dust source so that the binder is not sprayed directly onto the dust source. Device according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the atomizing nozzle (s) are formed such that the binder with a droplet size of 30 to 120 microns and preferably with 50 to 100 microns and in particular with 60 to 90 microns is atomized. Device according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the device has a pressure control, with which the pressure in the binder line is controllable. Apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that the pressure control comprises a control valve, which is arranged in the binder line in the region between the binder reservoir and the at least one pressure control valve or pressure control valve and can be controlled by a control device. Device according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the at least one atomizing nozzle is provided with a directly controllable by a control valve. Device according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the pressure vessel with gas cushion has a feed line for filling the pressure vessel with gas cushion and a discharge line for emptying the pressure vessel with gas cushion, wherein the feed line relative to the discharge line a flow resistance, such as a cross-sectional constriction, has, so that the filling of the pressure vessel with gas cushion is carried out with a lower flow rate than the emptying of the pressure chamber with gas cushion. Apparatus according to claim 9, characterized in that the discharge line has a check valve, so that binder can flow only for emptying of the membrane container through the discharge line. Device according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the device comprises a pump which pumps the binder and that to the binder line, a pressure switch is coupled, which turns on when falling below a predetermined cut-in, the switch-on, the pump. Apparatus according to claim 11, characterized in that the pressure switch is designed such that when exceeding a predetermined switch-off, the switch-off, the pump turns off and / or opens an emergency lowering valve. Apparatus according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that a flow measuring device is coupled to the binder line such that falls below a predetermined minimum flow rate, the switch-off, the pump off and / or an emergency lowering valve is opened Apparatus according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that at least one Ausschaltverzögerungseinrichtung is provided, which allows a switching off of the pump only after a predetermined delay time interval, wherein the delay time interval begins with the switch-on or the switch-off or a time between the switch-on and the switch-off. Device according to one of claims 12 to 14, characterized in that on the binder line, a pressure-pressure switch is coupled, which switches off the pump and / or opens an emergency lowering valve upon detection of a predetermined overpressure which is greater than the switch-off. Device according to one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that a flow monitor is provided in the binder line, which measures the flow in the binder line, and the pump is switched off, if after a predetermined delay interval after switching on the pump, the flow is less than is a predetermined flow value. Apparatus according to claim 16, characterized in that the binder conduit comprises a main strand and a parallel to the main strand extending secondary strand with a smaller cross section, wherein the flow monitor is arranged in the secondary strand. Apparatus according to claim 16 or 17, characterized in that the flow monitor is designed such that it determines the flow indirectly based on the temperature of the binder in the pump or in the flow direction shortly after the pump and / or based on the power consumption of the pump and / or on the basis of Current consumption of the pump and / or based on the pressure difference before / after the pump and / or based on the pressure before the pump and / or based on the pressure after the pump and / or based on the noise of the pump and or based on the current energy consumption of the pump shaft detected. Device according to one of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that in the binder line a venting device is arranged. Apparatus according to claim 19, characterized in that the venting means is a passive venting valve which is permeable to gas and impermeable to liquids. Apparatus according to claim 19 or 20, characterized in that the venting device comprises a switchable valve which is arranged in the binder line, which is opened in the presence of a gas bubble or after the passage of predetermined time intervals or after passing through a certain number of predetermined operating conditions by means of a control device , Apparatus according to claim 21, characterized in that the presence of a gas bubble is detected based on a predetermined operating state of the control device, and / or detected by a sensor. Device according to one of claims 1 to 22, characterized in that a plurality of pressure control valves are arranged in the binder line, which have a different switching pressure, so as to form sections in the binder line with different pressure level. Device according to one of claims 1 to 23, characterized in that one or more pressure control valves are arranged in a main strand of the binder line, so that the main strand is divided into sections having predetermined pressure levels. Device according to one of claims 1 to 24, characterized in that one or more pressure control valves are arranged in a branches of a main branch branch of the binder line, so that the respective branch line is closed when falling below the switching pressure, wherein the pressure control valves preferably each integrated in a Zerstäubungsdüse are. Device according to one of claims 1 to 25, characterized in that the binder line comprise one or more pressure reducers, which regulate the pressure on the downstream side of the pressure reducer to a predetermined pressure range, wherein the pressure reducer or preferably arranged adjacent to a Zerstäubungsventil or in a Zerstäubungsventil are integrated. Device according to one of claims 1 to 26, characterized in that the binder conduit having an elasticity for elastically buffering binder of at least 1 ‰ and preferably at least 0.5% of the total volume of the binder conduit due to a tube wall elasticity, at least one gas pocket and / or a Membrane container is formed. Device according to one of claims 1 to 27, characterized in that the binder pipe with an elasticity for elastic buffering of binder of not more than 100% and preferably not more than 50% of the total volume of the binder pipe due to a tube wall elasticity, at least one gas pocket and / or a pressure vessel with Gas cushion is formed. Device according to one of claims 1 to 28, characterized in that the binder line comprises a main strand, in which a pressure reducer is arranged, and parallel to the main strand, a secondary strand is arranged, in which there is a check valve, the opens against the flow direction of the pressure reducer. Device according to one of claims 1 to 29, characterized in that the binder line has at least one Füllratenkontrollventil which opens based on the detected flow rate of the binder medium, a passage for the binder approximately inversely proportional to the flow rate. Apparatus according to claim 30, characterized in that the flow rate is determined based on the pressure difference in the flow direction before and after the Füllratenkontrollventil and / or that the Füllratenkontrollventil is additionally controlled by a control device, wherein preferably the desired flow rate is adjustable. Device according to one of claims 1 to 31, characterized in that the binder line has at least one filling control valve, which opens a passage approximately proportional to the filling state based on a detected filling state of the binder line. Apparatus according to claim 32, characterized in that the control valve is formed with at least two opening stages and / or so that it can be opened continuously. Device according to one of claims 1 to 33, characterized in that the binder line has at least one pressure-holding valve, which opens approximately proportional to the pressure based on the pressure detected in the binder line in the flow direction before the pressure-holding valve. Device according to one of claims 1 to 34, characterized in that the binder line has a main strand and from the main strand at least one branch branch branch, wherein a branching valve, a control valve is provided. Apparatus according to claim 35, characterized in that the control valve is formed in the branch line as a pressure relief valve which opens approximately proportional to the pressure in the main line. Apparatus according to claim 36, characterized in that the pressure relief valve opens only from a predetermined minimum pressure in the main line. Device according to one of claims 35 to 37, characterized in that the control valve is formed in the branch line as a quick release valve, which opens from a predetermined minimum pressure in the main strand substantially completely. Apparatus according to claim 38, characterized in that the rapid release valve after lowering the pressure in the main line below the minimum pressure closes slower than it opens. Device according to one of claims 35 to 39, characterized in that the binder pipe is connected to a well pipe which leads from the binder line down into a subterranean well, wherein in the well pipe, a pump is arranged, and the control valve in the branch line is so controlled in that, when the pump is switched on, the control valve is gradually closed over a predetermined time interval and / or gradually opened when the pump is switched off for a further predetermined time interval. Device according to one of claims 35 to 40, characterized in that the binder pipe is connected to a well pipe, which leads from the binder line down into a subterranean well, wherein in the well pipe a pump is arranged, and the control valve in the branch line is so controlled in that when the pump stops abruptly, the control valve is opened. Device according to one of claims 1 to 41, characterized in that the binder line comprises a control valve which is controlled by a control device such that it slowly opens with the switching on a pump over a predetermined time interval and / or is closed when switching off the pump , Apparatus according to claim 42, characterized in that the control valve is designed as a check valve, which prevents a backflow into the pump. Apparatus according to claim 42 or 43, characterized in that the control device is designed to drive the pump. Device according to one of claims 1 to 44, characterized in that a control device is provided which, depending on a filling level of the binder line, the level of the pressure vessel with gas cushion and / or the flow rate in the binder line, the supply of binder from the pressure vessel with gas cushion in the Binder line controls. Device according to one of claims 1 to 45, characterized in that in the binder line a cyclone filter is arranged, the a Spülzufuhrleitung and a Sink outlet line having a Spülausgangsventil, so that through the cyclone filter rinsing of the cyclone filter is possible without the remaining portions of the binder line must be emptied. Apparatus according to claim 46, characterized in that a pressure vessel with gas cushion and / or an external water pressure connection is connected to the Spülzufuhrleitung to provide rinse water ready. Device according to one of claims 1 to 47, characterized in that the binder ( 17 ) on a suspension cable ( 16 ) is suspended. Device according to Claim 48, characterized in that the binder ( 17 ) is elastic, and / or the binder line ( 17 ) by means of pipeline hooks ( 18 ) on the suspension rope ( 16 ) and / or the binder line one or more flexible branch lines ( 19 ), to which at least one atomizing nozzle ( 20 ; 21 ) is arranged.

Images