WO2008104172A2

WO2008104172A2 - Environmentally friendly disposal of brines from potash production by means of spray evaporation and an aerosol barrier

Info

Publication number: WO2008104172A2
Application number: PCT/DE2008/000356
Authority: WO
Inventors: Thomas Reinhardt
Original assignee: Thomas Reinhardt
Priority date: 2007-03-01
Filing date: 2008-02-29
Publication date: 2008-09-04
Also published as: WO2008104172A3

Abstract

The invention relates to the disposal management of brines that are obtained from potash production and particularly contain salts and residues produced during potash and rock salt mining. In order to provide a relatively inexpensive solution that is reliable in the long run, a method is disclosed which comprises the following steps: a) the saline water (54) is collected; b) the saline water is sprayed using a plurality of spraying systems (62) that are mounted above a deposition surface (30A, 30B) in order to produce saline droplets which land, finely and evenly distributed across the entire area by the mass of air located above the deposition surface (30A, 30B), on the deposition surface (30A, 30B) after traveling along a certain convection section; c) said deposition surface (30A, 30B) being located outdoors. The disclosed disposal method for the waste waters is environmentally friendly, generates no noise or exhaust gases, is controllable, essentially uses only solar power, and consumes only very little external energy required for generating pressure.

Description

Environmentally friendly disposal of salt water from potash production with evaporative evaporation and aerosol bars

State of the art

The invention relates to the field of disposal management of saline waters from the Kalisalzproduktion containing in particular salts and residues, as they arise in the recovery of potash salts and rock salts.

The invention also relates to the field of waste management of waste dumps containing in particular crude salts and residues, such as those resulting from the recovery of potash salts and rock salts. The problem is the precipitation caused by rain, which runs off the surface of the heap and becomes an alkali due to its interaction with the waste material. This lye must be disposed of.

The potash production of a well-known German company currently produces saline wastewater in Germany alone of about 14 million cubic meters per year.

This wastewater - often referred to as lye or brine - must be disposed of somewhere. This creates a high cost if one wants to derive a river or even ms of sea through pipelines, it requires extensive licensing procedures, licenses for the use of land along the route have to be acquired, which generates high costs, and this derivation concept is not free environmental problems if there is too much salt concentration in the discharging river. Em removal by truck or railroad cars and disposal in the sea is also expensive. Re-injection of the lye by compression into certain target horizons underground can solve the problem only intermittently. These reserves are quickly exhausted. Evaporation of salt water By means of evaporator systems is very energy-consuming and therefore too polluting and expensive. Reverse osmosis works only at low salt levels, which are not present here, and is also too expensive for such quantities.

It is therefore an object of the invention to provide for the above disposal problems of saline wastewater a relatively inexpensive Verfahrenslosung that hardly pollutes the environment.

Another object of the invention is to provide a particularly low-maintenance and robust system for the above-mentioned disposal problems of the liquor.

Advantages of the invention

The tasks of the independent claims solve these tasks.

In the subclaims, advantageous embodiments are given further developments and improvements of the respective subject matter of the invention.

According to a basic aspect of the invention there is disclosed a process for the disposal of saline water, preferably wastewater from potash production, characterized by the steps of: a) collecting the saline water, b) spraying the saline water with a plurality of above a deposition surface attached spray systems and / or Zerstaubersystemen for the purpose of generating a plurality of salt-containing droplets, after passing through a certain convection stretch through the air over the deposition surface air mass finely and evenly landed flat on the deposition surface, c) wherein the deposition surface is located outdoors , and for the deposition of residual salt formed after evaporation, or the deposition surface is part of the surface of an already existing salt dump.

The intended effect of the spraying step is that some of the droplet volume on the convection pathway already evaporates in the air, and that the remainder of the droplet can wet the surface of the deposition surface and evaporate therefrom.

If the residual salt resulting from the evaporation remains on the deposition surface for a certain time, it can then be mechanically cleared and collected and processed into products. The process even recovers salts for the company.

This creates a very environmentally friendly, controllable, completely emission-free and sustainable disposal process for wastewater, which essentially requires solar energy and only has a very low external energy requirement, which is needed for the production of pressure. This energy requirement is negligible.

A resulting residual liquid residual salt solution can be collected and either disposed of separately by other means or used for production processes, or returned to the reservoir. Separate treatment may be particularly recommended when the residual salt solution contains only a few relatively valuable components of relatively high concentration.

The design and dimensioning of the deposition surface is based on the present meteorological conditions, on the specific performance of the spray systems used and on how much volume of wastewater is to be evaporated each year.

One way to realize this is by means of a multiplicity of spray systems on the slope surfaces of an existing one To spray salt dump, and to wet the slopes as flat as possible and relatively evenly. In the process, a certain part of the spray drops produced evaporates already in the air on the fall path to the ground. The remainder of the droplet should preferably be deposited on the surface and the remaining moisture evaporates away from the surface.

Experiments show that depending on the composition of the salt water and weather conditions, about 2 to 10 liters of waste water can be evaporated per hour and square meter of spray system network if a spray system covers the deposition surface in a flat and net-like manner and thus can coat the deposition surface essentially flat.

In Germany, more precisely northern Hesse, eastern Hesse, the location of the major parts of the German potash industry, is available for about 1800 hours, during which wastewater can be evaporated into the air. Assuming an average disposal rate of 5 liters per hour per square meter, it takes about 2 million square meters of deposition surface to evaporate the 14 million cubic meters of wastewater mentioned above.

If one adds that 2 million square meters of artificially created salt surface by irrigation with natural rain generates about 1.4 million cubic meters of salt water per year, which also needs to be disposed of, the total amount of salt water to be disposed of increases to about 15 , 5 million cubic meters. So instead of the 2 million square meters, it takes about 2.2 million square meters of deposition space. This corresponds to 2.2 square kilometers.

Since in the relatively cool months, ie, in Germany between the 1st of November and the end of February, hardly any water can evaporate in the free atmosphere, because the temperature is too low and the relative humidity is too high, one needs a storage tank with a collection volume of about half of the annual amount, ie 7 million to 8 million cubic meters. At a depth of 10 meters, the total area for the storage of 0.7 square kilometers is calculated on the basis of the above average disposal performance.

Of course, both the deposition surface and the reservoir with pumping station can be subdivided into several individual subsystems or modules.

A certain inclination of the slope, preferably with a sothel orientation, is particularly suitable as a deposition surface, since the sun exposure is better and sometimes a tendency to form a thermal wind motion is supported. Both serve to increase the evaporation capacity or the "disposal performance".

The preferred realization possibility according to the invention consists in spraying the salt water onto the depository surface by means of a multiplicity of spray systems fem and uniformly flat. Preferably, a not inconsiderable part of the sprayed volume of liquid should evaporate during its flight phase. The remaining part wets the Deposirionsflache and evaporates from there. Em small part seeps into previously deposited salt or runs off and is collected.

A spray curtain located at the edge of the deposition flask preferably receives the residual aerosols which could be carried away over the edge of the deposition surface in extreme wind conditions and rains them so that the water can be recovered and returned to the reservoir. Such a spray curtain thus serves as an aerosol dam to prevent wind-induced transport of aerosols from the deposition surface into their outer space.

Instead of or in combination with the spray curtain, fence-like barriers can also be erected. The invention further includes the idea to use the newly formed salt layer over time as a buffer volume to temporarily store the waste water and to evaporate it again over a longer period of time, so that a curl flow is created which, with sufficient surface area and sufficient volume of the salt layer Wastewater autonomously, that is essentially independent of drains away from the de- position area in the area stops and evaporates again.

A good choice for the design of the Spruhsysteme based on the following parameters:

Spray distance about 50 cm to 1 meter, full cone generating nozzles, spray direction directly down to the direction of flow of the droplets to influence as accurately as possible, droplet size 0.3 to 1 millimeters in diameter.

The pre-pressure can be selected differently, depending on the type of shower, for example low pressure of 1 bar to 10 bar.

High pressure may also be used if deemed necessary and an adequate drop size can be produced. High-pressure nozzles are less prone to blocking by the salt load in the solution, which impairs the spray pattern.

Depending on requirements, the evaporation can also be intensified by jet spray systems by spraying the salt solution through a variety of spray systems upwards into the air, where it is more or less finely atomized, especially in direct sunlight, warm temperatures and temperatures little wind in the summer, a considerable proportion of the liquid sprayed into the air can evaporate.

Alternatively, or in combination, atomizer systems with smaller droplet diameters can be used, if little enough Wind is present, so the smaller drops are not from the

Depositionsflache be blown.

The spray nozzles from spray-based spray systems (for example 200 to about 4,000 micrometer droplet size) or those based on pulverizers (about 50 to 200 micrometer droplet size) are preferably used by

For this purpose, energy-saving atomizers or spray systems can be installed, as they are available in the prior art, for example the hose-based microcool system from Firm Draabe, Hamburg, where appropriate special nozzles with a wide spray width and larger droplet diameters are used. If necessary, these systems are operated with an upstream particle filter and water softening system.

In a preferred embodiment, the pumping power during spray or atomizer evaporation is adapted to the wind force fully automatically by implementing a control which has the current heat and wind direction on the deposition surface as input variables.

A preferred control implements at least one spray jet property from the group of: a) maximum height of the spray jet above the deposition surface, adjustable via the pumping power, b) direction of the spray jet, adjustable via the suspension of the spray head, c) volume flow of the spray jet, adjustable over the priming pressure of the pump or the nozzle geometry, d) droplet size of the spray jet, adjustable via the inlet pressure of the pump or the nozzle geometry e) expansion angle of the spray jet, adjustable via the nozzle geometry g) temporal on-off timing of the spray jet, adjustable via a corresponding activation of strands with a corresponding Control circuit, which preferably has the Meteodaten such as temperature, relative humidity, wind strength and possibly wind direction as input variables.

Special importance is also attached to the combined use of spray-formant evaporation with larger droplet sizes and atomizer systems or spray systems with lower droplet sizes: with relatively high heat and at the same time no wind or at least windless, summery high-pressure weather conditions, then very high spray fountains with relatively large droplets can be used together with the Ver - Clouds are generated from the atomizer systems, so that the evaporation can be efficiently distributed homogeneously distributed over the largest possible volume of air over the deposition surface. In stronger winds, the fountains are less regulated and the atomiser systems are turned off or brought to a lower level.

These control loops can be specifically programmed separately for each deposition surface or parts thereof, in order to take into account the specifics of the respective proximity or remoteness to the edge of the deposition surface as the last spray limit as a function of the currently prevailing wind direction. This avoids that salt water is transported to a considerable extent by too strong wind from the deposition surface. This should be avoided in order to protect the environment.

In a preferred embodiment, the deposition surface in the manner of a slightly pronounced trough, inclined or lying on a slope, in any case be concave and be protected by flachhaft designed, waterproof film material like a particularly strong running "pond liner" to prevent salt water uncontrolled m the groundwater arrives.

The aforesaid spray-jet or / and atomizer-based technical evaporation systems may preferably be suspended from steel ropes and carried by masts. em Main mast or main pillar may have laterally projecting arms, which in turn span cables with attached nozzles. A strand thus formed can then be placed next to one another repeatedly as an assembly in order to cover the entire deposition surface of a coherent piece in a flat manner. The free spanned length should preferably be selected so that the sputtering distance differs by only 10% to 20%.

Preferably, the pillars are telescopically designed to compensate for the growth of the salt layer formed and always to be able to keep a uniform spray distance, ie distance Duse floor space.

The nozzles should preferably be low-maintenance or maintenance-free, and they should be prepared with encrustation problems that may form during spray operation with brine at the nozzle exit and worsen the spray pattern in the long run.

The invention further includes the idea of attaching at least one further auxiliary or cleaning nozzle to the spray head of the actual nozzle, the jet of which is directed onto the encrustations, and sprays and rolls them away.

The Remigungsdusen be switched off, for example, after 1 minute operation and resumed the operation of Hauptduse. The control of the spray jets and the effect of the cleaning can be made by binoculars, or by helicopter or by walking on the slope or implicitly by registering the throughput. Em too low throughput suggests encrustations.

The invention thus discloses a nozzle device for spraying or atomising liquid media with a main nozzle, the geometry of which generates a predetermined spray pattern with a predetermined droplet size spectrum at a predetermined pressure, the device containing at least one further cleaning nozzle The direction of the spray is set so that it ejects

Spray jet the Dusenmund, so meets the exit of the main Duse.

Advantageously, a control mechanism is provided which can selectively switch on and off the function of the main nozzle and that of the cleaning nozzle. Thus, the cleaning jet can be operated in Spühpausen the main jet.

If the Reimgungsduse is connected to the supply lines of the liquid medium of the Hauptduse, there is little effort when laying the lines. To prevent encrustation of the stimulation nozzle (s), the nozzle mouth surfaces of the reverberation nozzles are mounted in such a way that the cleaning jets reflected from the oral surface of the main nozzle strike and freeze the mouth of the other reperfusion device (s). It is therefore preferred to use two 180.degree. Opposite rhyme nozzles or four crosswise arranged recessed nozzles.

If the rhyme nozzle is provided with separate supply lines to spray a different liquid from that with αer

Although the main drain is operated, it is true that more piping installation is required, especially if a system of very many individual nozzles is installed, but the second liquid can be selected as a cleaning liquid in a way that suits the main liquid. For example, a special solvent for the encrustations on the Hauptduse or pure, distilled water can be chosen, which itself does not form any crusts.

If both types of shower sit on one and the same Dusenkorper, the accuracy is due to the rigidity of the head alignments always given.

When the rhyme nozzle or several of them are arranged so that their spray jet strikes obliquely against the mouth of the main nozzle, the irrigation nozzle being outside the spray cone the main nozzle is arranged, then the original spray pattern of the main nozzle is preserved.

If the main nozzle is designed for high-pressure operation, the range of use is particularly large since virtually any large droplet spectra can be generated by suitable choice of the geometry of the main nozzle.

When the nozzle device is operated with brine, and the operation of the cleaning nozzle can dissolve saline incrustations formed at the nozzle mouth of the main nozzle, the base is made for a very low maintenance overall system, with the large number of nozzle devices for example large-area fine wetting and evaporation of the wetting liquid can be sprayed, or with the very fine and large-scale spray clouds can be generated with specifically adjustable Tropfchengroßen.

Depending on the size of the droplets, the interval length can also be changed. In wind-less and sun-intensive weather conditions, the

Be reduced droplet sizes, as less or very small lye drops can be wegverfrächtchen from the wind. Here long intervals can be used. In the case of increased wind and impending transport of smaller particles by wind, larger droplets and possibly nearer to the ground than before are preferably produced.

Alternatively or in combination, spray tubes may be used:

Another variant of the erfmdungsgemaßen method and system is based on the use of so-called Spruhschlauche, as they are known in principle and available in the prior art. They are adapted in a special form to the particular conditions of the site to be wet. The Sprühschlauche are preferably unrolled from top to bottom of a spool, for fast and precise laying of the hose preferably a sliding on the surface of the heap additional weight is attached to the hose end to bring the hose down quickly and predeterminably from the slope edge down. Em hose extends, for example, from the slope edge to the foot of the slope to moisten the corresponding slope segment as evenly as possible. Depending on the operating pressure, the sprayer changes his size. The basic setting of the droplet size is done by setting the correct hole size in the hose.

Optionally, a hose can have side arms in its lower region in order to achieve optimally flat wetting results despite the increasing width of the slope in its lower-lying slopes.

The hole sizes are adjusted to the operating pressure to produce a specific spray pattern. For dimensioning the hole diameters and for designing the optimum shape of the holes, reference is made to the relevant state of the art in spray hoses.

Starting along the course of the slope edge, for example, one spray hose can be lowered at a distance of 5m to cover the slope with a variety of spray lines, if a spray hose has a spray radius of about 2m to 10m, depending on working pressure and hole size. A non-falling course of the hoses may be achieved by posts anchored at predetermined locations in the slope and serving as a curve point definition.

A preferred embodiment of the spray hose has a non-circular cross-section in order to avoid twisting. The cross section is preferably a circular section, with the chord forming the contact surface with the floor. The thus formed bottom surface has prefers no holes on, so that no liquid directly into the

Substrate is sprayed.

Such a hose-based system can be operated with different working pressures, depending on how wide the spray fans should be. Continuous operation is possible, as well as intermittent operation according to the scheme "ON-OFF" or VOLLAST-PARTILLAST, or TEILAST-OFF, etc., to reduce deposits and incrustations in the hose and at the exhaust holes.

In a preferred embodiment, the pumping power and the droplet size is fully automatically adapted by spray evaporation via nozzles to the wind force by a scheme is implemented, the current wind strength and wind direction at different locations of the

Abraumhalde, but especially on the slope foot, in middle slope height and relatively high up in the area of the slope has as input sizes.

A preferred control implements at least one spray jet property from the group of: a) maximum height of the spray over heap surface; this can be set for pump systems installed on the floor using pumping power, adjustable for nozzle-based systems also via the pumping capacity and the height of the mounting of the nozzle above the ground; For example, nozzles may be mounted at different heights on support members - for example, on stand-alone piles - and powered by different circuits, a low-blown circle with relatively large droplets for relatively strong wind, and a high blow-out circle for weaker winds ; b) Direction of the spray jet, adjustable via the installed spray direction of the spray heads, or in the case of hose systems via the location of the holes on the hose cross-section, c) Volume flow of the spray jet, adjustable via the working pressure, d) Droplet size of the spray jet, adjustable via the spray head geometry e) Expansion width of the spray jet, adjustable via the spray head geometry.

A combined application of spray evaporation with larger droplet sizes and atomizer systems with lower droplet sizes, and flat coverage of the spoil surface also makes a special sense: relatively high heat and calm, or at least windless, summery high-pressure weather conditions can then result in relatively high spray fountains large droplets can be generated together with the spray clouds of the atomizer systems, so that the evaporation can be efficiently and homogeneously distributed over the largest possible volume of air over the spoil heap and via the evaporation from the wetted spoil surface. In stronger winds, the spray beams are less highly regulated and the atomizer systems are switched off or brought to a lower power. In combination with spray hoses, spraying is preferably carried out from the ground.

A special design of a spray hose for wetting the surface in stronger wind and still low emission of lye over the heap boundaries has spray holes largely only in the lateral flanks of the hose cross-section, so that the spray jets are radiated as flat as possible, and little lye into higher, and windier, reaches more remote layers.

These control loops can be programmed specifically and separately in groups to finalize the specifics of the respective proximity or distance to the lowermost edge of the waste dump

Spruhgrenze m depending on the prevailing wind direction to take into account. This avoids that lye water is transported to a significant extent due to excessive wind from the heap away. This should be avoided to protect the environment. Experiments show that per square meter heap surface 5 to 20 liters and more brine can be evaporated per day, solely by the effect of evaporation from a wetted surface depending on meteorological conditions of the sun, wind, temperature and relative humidity of the ambient air, especially in the presence of south-facing steep slopes m middle latitudes. The combination of the slope angle of 35 to 60 degrees and the geographic latitude of around 50 degrees is a conceivably favorable combination for having a nearly vertical exposure to the sun and thus for a climate zone that is generally defined as humid over the year To use Germany's high-carbon climate intervals for efficient natural evaporation.

An advantage of this method and the systems is that any precipitating from the evaporation cloud solids such as salt particles m aerosol size fall back on the spoil heap, where they "sorted" match the deposited there anyway material.

The spray systems can be firmly anchored to masts or scaffolding in the cradle. Hoses are preferably laid on the ground in or near the fall lines.

drawings

Reference to the drawings exemplary embodiments of the invention will be explained.

Show it

FIG. 1 shows a strand of a nozzle-based spraying system, (nozzles not shown),

FIG. 2 shows a partial view of spray heads arranged next to one another with nozzles of a rope in one strand; FIG. 3 shows several strands from above, schematically,

FIG. 4 shows a schematic top view of a module of a disposal system according to the invention in accordance with a preferred exemplary embodiment with the deposition surface and the spray curtain projecting beyond the strand boundaries, as well as the circulating collecting line, storage and pumping station,

FIGS. 5 and 6 particularly suitable spray heads according to a further exemplary embodiment of a spray system,

FIG. 7 schematically shows a further nozzle which is particularly suitable for the fine spraying of salt water,

8 shows a nozzle according to the invention schematically with three cleaning nozzles, FIG.

FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the nozzle according to FIG.

FIG. 10 shows a potassium salt tailings pile with installed spray hoses and a multiplicity of pile-anchored shower systems,

FIGS. 11 and 12 schematically show sections of a particularly suitable spray hose.

Description of exemplary embodiments

FIG. 1 shows a strand 30 of a nozzle-based spraying system. Two main pillars 32 are each provided with cantilever arms 34 arranged laterally and in opposite directions. At opposite points of the boom arms supporting cables 38 are fixed, which are braced between the boom arms. In order to allow a relatively small sag curve of the cables 38, the main pillars 32 are each provided with one or more abutments. Clamping cables 36 braced. Alternatively or in combination therewith, spacers 35 may be fastened along a rope at several places on the rope and hang freely downwards, which sit down on the ground and abrade a part of the weight of the rope on the ground. This also steams wind-induced vibrations of the ropes 38.

Preferably, the material used for the pillars, the extension arms, the support cables and the guy ropes stainless steel to ensure corrosion safety. The main pillars 32 are anchored in the ground and m are preferably formed telescopic, so that the entire, supported by them support cable system m the height is variable. The spacing of individual suspension cables 38 from one another is essentially determined by the cone diameters of the spray cones which generate individual spray heads attached to the pillars 38. Details of this can be seen by way of example from FIG.

FIG. 2 shows, in a partial view, spray heads 42, arranged side by side, of a single support cable 38. In detail, a support cable 38 in each case carries the supply line 40 with the associated one

Sprühkopfen 42. The Sprühkopfe are along the support cable 38 and the supply line 40 arranged side by side, preferably equidistant, and are preferably attached to the supply line and the support cable, that the spray direction can be made constant downward.

Figure 2 also shows the outer contour of the Sprühkegel, as they are generated by a nozzle occupied with a spray head 42. In the prior art, there are Sprühkopfe that spray a full cone with a Offnungswmkel of 90 to 130 degrees. Depending on the geometry of the nozzles used, it may also be advisable to use nozzles with another Sprühkegelgeometπe, for example, smaller Öffnungswmkel, hollow cone with more or less broadly defined spray sand, etc. In the selection of the nozzle systems is essentially crucial that the underlying deposition surface wetted as flat as possible, and that the droplets are small enough to a certain proportion of their volume while to evaporate their flight phase, but that the droplets are at the same time so large that they do not leave the deposition surface substantially.

The supply line 40 is attached with a suitable attachment to the support cable. Here, for example, closable rings made of stainless steel or plastic or rubber can be used. The material should be resistant to corrosion in any case.

FIG. 3 shows two juxtaposed strands 3OA and 3OB. Under the strands lies the deposition surface whose edge (not shown) is more or less clearly removed, depending on the generally prevailing strong winds and wind directions, from the outer boundaries of the strands 30A and 30B. The ratio of length to width of a strand is shown here only schematically.

This ratio should, if possible, be equipped with a significantly longer length, so that the systems of the spray systems can carry as many nozzles as possible and span as large a surface as possible.

Figure 4 shows a schematic view of a module 48 - ie a subsystem - a erfmdungsgemaßen disposal system, wherein the deposition surface is disposed in the interior of the edge 6 ^. In the example, a rectangular shape is selected for the module. Of course, other shapes can be realized which are specially adapted to the existing geometries of the land pieces on which such a system is installed.

Em saline water storage 54 is supplied via a preferably underground laid supply pipe 56 with the salt waste water to be disposed. The storage is large enough to absorb the quantities of salt water that are produced during the winter months, broken down to a special subsystem. A pumping station is connected to the spraying system, requests salt water from the store and generates a pre-pressure in a main feeder 60 for the spraying systems, which is large enough for the spraying systems make sense to operate. The main feeder 60 branches into a number of sub-feeder lines 62, each of which in turn feeds a string 30.

As can be seen from the figure, a plurality, here ten strands 30 are arranged side by side and in parallel, in order to be able to spray flat as much as possible flat surface.

Arranged around the spray module shown is a surrounding gutter 50, which receives all residual water, or rainwater running off from the deposition surface, which accumulates with salt, and feeds it back to the saltwater reservoir 54 via a drainage pipe 52. In order for this to work smoothly in the various slope or terrain deformations, pumps and pipelines may also be involved which will require the wastewater through the drainage channel 50 and the drainage pipe 52. The drain pipe 52 preferably starts at the lowest point of the gutter system.

The deposition surface in the interior of the edge 64 has a leveled, preferably convex substrate on which a pond liner is applied as a seal against the penetration of salt water into the ground. However, the surface may also be flat or slightly concave, or be curved in one place and elsewhere in another way.

As also shown schematically in FIG. 4, an installation is provided in the inner area of the deposition surface (see its edge 64) for forming a spray curtain in order to avoid the emission of saline sols beyond the edge of the deposition surface. A plant may for example be formed of a similar system as shown in Figure 1, except that fewer carrying cables are arranged side by side and that the direction of the Spruhkopffe is directed upwards. Alternatively, it is also possible to use spray tubes or other spray devices which spray upwards and form a "curtain" along the contour 66 To form droplets which bind the salt particles flying in the wind at the edge of the deposit surface and discard them down onto the deposition surface. The Sprühbarπere thus formed can also be operated with salt water from the memory 54. Alternatively, it can also be operated with fresh water or a mixture thereof.

Preferably, only a part of the entire system is activated, namely located in lee of the module part 68th

In addition, further measures can be taken to prevent salt dust from being transported over the edge 64 of the deposition surface and m from the open ground. For this purpose, it is proposed to build specifically fence-like obstacles for the advancing salt freight, which specifically disturb the free flow, so that the mean flow velocity can be significantly reduced caused by the wind or updraft. For example, along the edge areas of the deposition surface, a partial or all-round barrier may be constructed, shaped in the manner of a half-open trough, like a wave, before breaking in the surf zone, catching incoming salt particles, where it is located collect and trickle back down in larger agglomerations.

Such a fence-like barrier contains a more or less channel-like, more or less concave surface to "catch", swirl and at least slow down the flow, for example, constructed of metal or plastic, anchored in the ground by means of anchors The flow which crosses the barrier is further fluidized on the leeward side with the Leewirbel arising there.So further salt freight is deposited here on the leeward side.A remaining salt particle stream can then be intercepted with an above-mentioned spray barrier, as described below: According to a particular aspect of the invention, spray systems

Spray water or dilute salt water to bind the residual particles on the deposition surface through a purposefully formed "spray curtain." The spray curtain can be formed by a series of nozzles that sprayingly project spray tows from side-by-side or staggered masts that extend from their sides If necessary, the spray curtain can also be sprayed against the wind direction The spray curtain is assigned to the edge area of the deposition surface The salt water forming the ground with the bound salt particles runs around the surrounding gutter The droplet size of the spray curtain is adjusted somewhat larger than the actual, used for the deposition of salt spray systems, so do not land droplets of the curtain itself outside of the deposition surface.Preferably, the spray curtain is also operated with salt water from the store.

Whether the activation of certain sections of the surrounding spray equipment is required can be detected by means of suitable sensors for wind direction and detectors for salt cargo in the air. The control is then carried out automatically with a suitable Spruhtropfchengrße, which is just large enough with minimized amount of water to bind the Restaerosole the salt load and land on the deposition surface itself. With the aerosol bamere thus formed, it is thus prevented, despite considerable winds, that salt particles flow uncontrollably away from the deposition surface.

The advantage of this exemplary embodiment is that all processes - atomizer systems, spray systems and aerosol barrier system - need the same or similar spray technology and supply lines.

FIG. 5 shows diagrammatically and spatially a nozzle arrangement with a main nozzle 8 as known in the prior art. For example, from the Micrcoolsystem the company Draabe from Hamburg, but additionally equipped with Reimgungsdusen.

According to the invention, a spatially positioned "tripod" consisting of sounding nozzles 10, 12, 14 is also provided here, which frees encrustations from the main nozzle of the main nozzle 15. The illustrations of the leads have been omitted for the purpose of better clarity of the drawings Spray directions of the marginal rays of the various spray cones.

Figure 6 shows a frontal view diagrammatically against the direction of flow of the main nozzle - centered, with the three sounding nozzles projecting about 120 degree angles onto the surface whose normal is the direction of the main nozzle. The nozzle opening 18 is positioned centrically in the nozzle mouth.

Is now encrusted by the special operation of the nozzle 8 with brine or other chemical solution of Dusenmund 16, the Reimgungsdusen be taken m operation and squirt on the Dusenmund 16. The Reimgungsdusen may also be present only twice, so that their abrasive effect is not neutralized , For example, the nozzle 14 may not be present. In a simple embodiment, only a single Reimgungsduse exists.

If a crust forms on the nozzle mouth, the main nozzle is switched off and the rhyme nozzles are switched on and, if necessary, driven at a higher pressure. After a short time, the crust is unwound, especially if it consists essentially of common salt and is not calcareous. This can be switched back to normal operation if required.

Thus, a method and a system for automatic cleaning of the nozzle mouth of a main nozzle of a nozzle device can be carried out, which is operated for spraying a liquid solution, cleaning being carried out at the nozzle mouth of the main nozzle. Encrusted encrustations - of the dissolved substances in the solution - are operated with a cleaning nozzle, the direction of which is directed towards the nozzle mouth of the main nozzle.

A system with hundreds and thousands of Dusenvorrichrungen can single, very many, for example, for purposes of variably adjustable spray height contain telescopable Pfahle, each one or more of the aforementioned Dusenvorπchtungen with the same Dusengeometπen or wear to produce different droplet size also different geometry.

Remigungsdusen and Hauptdusen are preferably fed from two different supply systems in order to have the greatest possible flexibility in the maintenance of Hauptduse and as possible no adjusting mechanism on the Dusenvorrichtungen so that they are inexpensive to produce in large quantities. For example, the cleaning nozzles can be firmly connected to the nozzle body of the main nozzle by means of stable holding struts. Remscheiddusen and Hauptdusen can also be fed from the same feeder system if this is recommended for technical or economic reasons. In this case, the weight and the cost of the second supply system is saved.

Thus, such an overall system can also be installed in rough terrain, such as on wide, fairly steep slopes and operated with salt water. The individual preferred telescopic Hauptpfahle be firmly anchored in the ground. The type of attachment should be adapted to the ground and the loads of the pile.

The topology of the overall system when using m slope areas with considerable steepness is preferably strand-like, with a strand runs as possible in the fall line. Exceptions due to specific types of slopes can be customized. The weight of the leads in a strand should be trapped along its length to avoid overstretching. This can be done by means of spacers, which attach to the support cable and reach to the ground. Em strand can then possibly have a length of several hundred meters.

Advantageously, a particularly large volume of salt water per square meter installed Spruhnetz can be evaporated over a large area targeted when Sudhange be sprayed as sun and wind exposed surfaces with a large evaporation potential fem.

In particular, a moderate-interval operation can be recommended if a substantial part of the evaporation is to take place only at the deposit surface. For example, depending on solar radiation and wind force, a new spraying process can begin, in each case when the surface layer of the slope surface has dried again somewhat. The optimal timing adapted to the respective weather situation can best be determined by tests.

The re-use of post-pause spraying can be detected by one or more sensors distributed over the terrain or slope terrain - for example, humidity sensors - so that the system can be operated automatically and efficiently. Individual sections of a deposition surface can also be operated intermittently and alternately with other sections of the same field in order to ensure the afterflow of sufficiently dry air. Also empirically obtained control parameters can be incorporated into a preferably programmatically implemented control of a module 48 or its sub-segments.

As a protective measure against wind-induced salt emission away from the landfill area, anemometers can be installed in the vicinity of the module, which detect strong windmills. Thanks to the low power supply, the control system coupled to the anemometers can automatically switch off the entire system and restart it when the engine is over. For this purpose, the supply line 60 only has to be blocked for a short time, for example by a slide. Or the pumping station is briefly switched to bypass idling. In order to emit no more or less moist salt dust particles outside of the deposition surface, the droplet size and the nozzle height should be carefully selected. In order to work virtually emission-free, the droplets should always be kept at the surface

Land surface. With good setting and not too strong winds, it is also possible to use nozzles for smaller droplets which are mounted relatively close to the ground and produce smaller droplet sizes than the spray nozzles, which are preferably used for wetting the deposition surface. Both types can preferably be operated clocked independently of each other.

The operation of the remnants can either be carried out regularly, independently of measured values of the efficiency of the main nozzle, or else be triggered by specific measured values, if, for example, a moisture sensor installed in the slope surface at a particular location - or several of them - report too low a humidity despite the operation of the main nozzles. The special location is predefined for different wind directions and strong winds and can only be achieved by a perfect or nearly perfect spray cone.

In order to make the atomizing nozzles or the spraying systems for the larger droplets as robust as possible against incrustations, a special nozzle geometry is proposed as follows according to FIG. 7:

A nozzle head 70 is formed with a relatively sharp edge portion 72 which forms a circumferential, ridge-like edge. This avoids deposition and scaling in the region of the exit 76 of the nozzle. The sharpness of the ridge should not be too extreme, in order not to endanger the stability of the head in continuous operation too much.

Materials may be used as known in the art. At very high pressures, the wall thicknesses should be made correspondingly stronger, and a more abrasion-resistant material, such as diamond, should be used. High strength, thick coatings also come into question. The nozzle opening has a diameter preferably of 100 to 600 micrometers, but should be optimized experimentally by experiment, depending on the requirements of the individual case, in particular intended droplet size and operating pressure used. The diameter can also be made larger, to avoid encrustations in the bottleneck.

Although the present aspect of the invention has been described above with reference to a preferred exemplary embodiment, the invention is not limited thereto, but can be modified in a variety of ways.

The distance from the edge of the outer strand margins to the surrounding edge 64 of the deposition surface should be adapted to any existing emission limit values, to the predominant prevailing wind conditions, to the droplet size generated in the spray systems, and to the effectiveness of any emission barriers present. Experiments show that a rough guideline is about 20 meters when the prevailing droplet diameters are about between 300 and 500 microns, and gusts of 4 Beaufort should still be in regular operation without an emission barrier. More precise, optimized values for this distance can be determined by further experiments.

If the pillars can be telescoped high enough, the salt layer deposited after some time can be pushed in a particularly simple manner to the edge of the deposition surface with correspondingly flat machines in order to separate it separately, or the salt can, if appropriate, even be added with appropriate composition be returned to production and processed into products. Otherwise, you first had the ropes. Advantageously, the low-evaporation winter time is used for it.

The support cables 38 may also be interconnected with each other to keep the distances between them as possible equidistant and to ensure the precalculated, as complete as possible, irrigation of the surface of the deposition surface.

Exemplary embodiments of the spray systems according to the invention are described below

Figure 8 shows schematically and spatially a Dusenanordnung with a Hauptduse 8 as it is known in the art, for example, from the Microcool system of the company Draabe from Hamburg, but additionally equipped with Reimgungsdusen.

According to the invention, a spatially positioned "tripod" consisting of sounding nozzles 10, 12, 14 is provided here, which frees encrustations from the nozzle nozzle 16. The illustrations of the supply lines have been omitted for the purpose of better clarity of the drawings in each case the spray directions of the marginal rays of the various spray cone.

FIG. 9 shows a frontal view diagrammatically against the flow direction of the main nozzle - arranged in the middle, with the three sounding nozzles projecting about 120 degrees onto the surface whose normal is the direction of the main nozzle. The nozzle opening 18 is positioned centrically in the nozzle mouth.

Is now encrusted by the special operation of the nozzle 8 with brine or other chemical solution of Dusenmund 16, the Reimgungsdusen be put into operation and inject on the Dusenmund 16. The Reimgungsdusen may also be present only twice, so that their abrasive effect is not neutralized , For example, the 14 may not be present. In a simple embodiment, only a single Reinigungsduse available.

If a crust forms on the nozzle mouth, the main nozzle is switched off and the rhyme nozzles are switched on and, if necessary, driven at high pressure, for example also at approx. 80 bar Pressure like the main nozzle. After a short time, the crust is unwound, especially if it consists essentially of common salt and is not calcareous. This can be switched back to normal operation if required. Thus, a method and a system for automatic cleaning of the nozzle mouth of a main nozzle of a nozzle device is carried out, which is operated for spraying a liquid solution, wherein for the purpose of cleaning encrustations deposited on the nozzle mouth of the main nozzle - the dissolved substances contained in the solution - A Reinigungsduse is operated, the spray direction is directed to the nozzle mouth of the main nozzle.

Em system with hundreds and thousands of Dusenvorπchtungen can single, very many, for example, for variable adjustable spray height include telescopable piles, each carrying one or more of the aforementioned Dusenvorrichtungen with the same Dusengeometrien or to produce different droplet size also different geometry.

Reinigungsdusen and Hauptdusen are preferably fed from two different supply systems in order to have the greatest possible flexibility in the maintenance of Hauptduse and as possible no Suellmecha- technology at the Dusenvorrichtungen so that they are inexpensive to produce in large quantities. For example, the cleaning nozzles can be firmly connected to the nozzle body of the main nozzle by means of stable holding struts

Thus, such an overall system can be installed even in rough terrain, such as on the wide, fairly steep slopes of Kalisalzabraumhalde as in Neuhof, near Fulda in Germany, and operated with brine, due to the natural irrigation of the heap by contact between rainwater and the heap surface forms. The individual piles are firmly anchored in the ground, for example, with similar but preferably durable and deeper-reaching techniques, as in the prior art when putting slalom poles in ski slopes be used. The type of attachment should be adapted to the ground and the loads of the pile. Against slipping material from above, the pile can be equipped with a sharp edge which is directed upwards, so that a slippage of pile material transfers as few forces as possible to the pile.

The topology of the overall system when used in slope areas with considerable steepness is preferably strand-like, with one strand running as far as possible m the fall lime. Exceptions due to specific types of slopes can be customized. The weight of the leads in a string should be intercepted by anchor attachments of the string. For example, every 15m of a string, there is a pile that carries nozzles that can wet a circle with a radius of 7.5m as evenly and fully as possible. At the side of the next strand is then about 12 m distance, in order to have a certain overlap of the Spruhfacher. Em strand can then have a length of several hundred meters. So that the tensile forces on the strand by the weight of the strand itself is not too high, it should be attached in between by means of anchor attachments in the underground.

The spray systems described above with FIGS. 1 to 4 with essentially two main pillars which carry laterally extending arms 34, which then span the actual multiplicity of lines between them, can be constructed on the slopes of a salt dump. Instead of main pillars 32 and heavy vehicles can be used with a corresponding, laterally projecting mast structure. This avoids anchoring in the heap, especially in the slope or at its plateau surface.

Advantageously, a large volume of liquor can then be deliberately evaporated over a large area by spraying the slope of the heap as sun and wind exposed surfaces with a large evaporation potential fem. In particular, a malting measure drivetrain can be recommended if a significant part of the evaporation is to take place on the heap surface. For example, depending on the sun's rays and strong winds, a new spraying process can start every 2 to 10 minutes, in each case when the surface layer of the slope surface has again dried up to some extent.

This can be detected by one or more humidity sensors distributed over the terrain or slope so that the system can be operated automatically and efficiently.

In order to avoid emit- ting any more or less moist salt dust particles outside the heap, the droplet size and the nozzle height should be carefully selected. In order to work virtually emission-free, the droplets should always land on the ground. With a good setting and not too strong winds, spray nozzles which are mounted relatively close to the ground and produce smaller droplet sizes than the spray nozzles, which are preferably used for wetting the spoil surface, can also be used selectively.

The posts may be substantially rod-shaped or T-shaped in several horizontal directions of the T-bar, or Y-shaped with different openings of the two or more upper bars.

The operation of the rehydration nozzles can either be carried out regularly, independent of measured values of the efficiency of the main nozzle, or be triggered by certain measured values, if, for example, a humidity sensor installed in the slope surface at a particular point - or several of these - too low a humidity despite the operation of the

Report main dusen. The special location is predefined for different wind directions and strong winds and can only be achieved by a perfect or nearly perfect spray cone.

FIG. 10 shows a potassium salt tailings pile with installed spray hoses 32 and a multiplicity of pile-anchored shower systems. The liquor is pumped from a collecting tank 36 for the liquor via several compressors 38 and a main line 35 up to the heap plateau, from where the liquor is distributed via feeder lines to the individual main strands for system 32 and 34. The hoses 32 can also be supplied with a separate low pressure circuit (not shown).

The representation of the supply lines of the pile-based systems 34 has been omitted for better clarity of the drawing. These supply lines are made of stainless steel tubes with sufficient diameter, about 2 inches as a straightening size, and in sections, for example, all 30 meters also anchored in the ground.

A system with hundreds or thousands of nozzle devices may contain individual, very many, for example, variably adjustable spray height telescopable piles, each having one or more of the aforementioned nozzle devices with the same nozzles or carrying different droplet size also of different geometry.

Depending on the design, a pile can also contain one or more extension arms for spatial distribution of the spray clouds, which in turn then carry the nozzle devices together with supply lines. The Pfahle preferably sit on ground anchors, which are eingedubelt in the underground. In order to easily replace a pole, a quick release to the anchor is provided, for example, an easily releasable locking connection.

The supply lines - for the purpose of corrosion resistance made of stainless steel - for the main faucets and for the rinsing nozzles are, for example, laid on the ground. In steep slope terrain, a course along the fall line is recommended in order to keep the fastening effort low, whereby the supply lines are preferably firmly anchored at the top and laid down more or less floatingly downwards. At the anchored piles is preferably a flexible connection to the supply line to transfer only small forces from the supply line to the Pfahle.

FIG. 11 schematically shows a spray hose section according to the exemplary embodiment with a large base and support surface 42 without

Sprühoffnungen and curved surface 44 with distributed thereon of Sprühoffnungen 46. By such or similar form with a large bearing surface a rolling of the hose is not possible and the spray directions of the openings is always relatively well defined.

If the tube as such is also relatively stiff, it will also bridge over cavities, while maintaining the desired orientation to spray on schedule, so that a high predicted surface loading and wetting of the entire slope surface can be achieved.

The hoses are made of corrosion-resistant material and should preferably be designed tensile strength so that the dead weight of the filled hose with a length of 300 meters is still held by the hose itself. For this to happen, contains the

Hose in a high quality form a reinforcement of steel or stainless steel. The suspension of the spray hoses 32 can also preferably take place via sleeves which surround the hose over a length of, for example, 1 meter in the manner of a spiral spring and distribute the tensile force of the dead weight over this entire transitional region. The cuff itself is anchored on the plateau surface in the underground.

The dimensioning of the holes is determined by the particular application. In order to avoid or delay the clogging of the holes with salt crust, the punches should not be too small and the tube can be blown with compressed air at times or bestuckt with pure water and sprayed. If the holes are nevertheless added over time by salt crust, the used hoses are replaced with new ones. Since the smart can be mass-produced, the costs are relatively low.

FIG. 12 shows an exemplary embodiment of a spray hose which sprays only relatively flat, so that the (strong) wind does not carry spray droplets away from the dump.

Finally, the features of the subclaims can be combined substantially freely with each other and not by the order given in the claims, provided that they are independent of each other.

All that has been described above for slope surfaces is in fact also applicable to flat installations of the overall system for shallow evaporation and atomization over an easily accessible off-shore auxiliary surface intended for evaporation-related salt deposition. Only in the topology is one in the flat area of free m of choice, so that tree-like structures of the supply lines of strong m question come.

Instead of or in combination with sprayers, closed tubes with intermediate units of matter can be used, as are widely known in the art, for example pivotable quadrangle sprinklers or sprinklers, or the back-flow-based all-round units, optionally with adjustments to maintain particularly suitable Droplet sizes and spray pictures.

The Spruhschlauche may have in the lower slope areas also connected via suitable coupling pieces with the main hose side arms 37 to better fill the bottom in the slope larger area.

Claims

claims

1. A method for the disposal of saline water with a non-low salt content typical of potash production, characterized by the steps of: a) collecting the saline water, b) spraying the saline water with a plurality of spray systems mounted above a deposition surface, or / and nebulizer systems for the purpose of generating a plurality of saline droplets which, after passing through a certain convection section, finely and evenly land on the deposition surface through the mass of air above the deposition surface, c) the deposition surface being in the open air, and for deposition of the resulting after evaporation residual salt serves.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the deposition surface is part of the surface of an already existing salt dump.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein residual salt remains on the deposit surface, and a resulting residual liquid salt solution is collected again.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein a control is implemented which comprises at least one spray jet property from the group consisting of: a) maximum height of the spray jet via deposition surface area, b) direction of the spray jet, c) volume flow of the spray jet, d) droplet size of the spray jet, e) expansion angle of the spray jet, f) location of the spray steel, g) time on-off timing of the spray jet as a function of the current wind or temperature conditions governs.

5. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein a barrier-like construction is assigned to the edge of the deposition surface and brakes the air flow carrying the salt cargo.

6. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the spraying systems downstream of the atomizing systems are operated with water or dilute liquor in order to bind the still free salt aerosols and to wash them out of the air on the deposit surface.

7. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the deposition surface is a water-impermeable layer, preferably

Pond foil contains to prevent ingress of salt m the groundwater.

A process according to any one of the preceding claims wherein it is used to evaporate precipitation water that has become salty by contact with the surface of a salt dump.

A plant for disposing of saline waste water, comprising a) a reservoir (54) for collecting the saline water, b) a spray system mounted above a deposition surface containing a plurality of nozzles for spraying the saline water for the purpose of generating a plurality of saline droplets which, after crossing a certain convection distance through the air mass, land on the deposition surface above the deposition surface, c) the deposition surface being located outdoors and away from an already existing heap.

10. sub-module (48) of a system according to the preceding claim, comprising at least one strand (3OA, 30B) as a carrier for a spraying system, the strand containing at least two posts (32) carrying a mechanism bracing support cords (38) for spray heads (42) with nozzles between the posts.

11. sub-module (48) according to the preceding claim, comprising a system for removing salt particles from the air.

12. sub-module (48) according to the preceding claim, wherein the system for removing salt particles generates a spray curtain of predetermined height and length, which washes the salt particles from the air.

13. Dusenvorrichtung for spraying or atomizing of liquid media, with a Hauptduse (8), characterized in that the device contains at least one further Remigungsspruhduse (10, 12, 14) whose spray direction is adjusted so that a spray jet ejected therefrom the Dusenmund (16) the main dam hits.

14. Dusenvorrichtung according to claim 13, wherein a control mechanism is provided which can selectively switch on and off the function of the Hauptduse and the Reinigungsduse.

15. Dusenvorrichtung according to claim 13, wherein the Reinigungsduse (10, 12, 14) is connected to the supply lines of the liquid medium of the Hauptduse (8).

16. Dusenvorrichtung according to claim 13, wherein the Reinigungsduse is provided with separate supply lines to spray a different liquid than that is operated with the Hauptduse.

17. Dusenvorrichtung according to claim 13, wherein both types of Dusts sit on one and the same Dusenkorper.

18. Dusenvorrichtung according to claim 13, wherein the Reinigungsduse is arranged so that their spray jet obliquely against the mouth of the Hauptduse strikes, wherein the Reinigungsduse is arranged outside the Spruhkegels the Hauptduse.

19. Dusenvorrichtung according to claim 13, wherein it is designed for high-pressure operation.

20. Dusenvorrichtung according to claim 13, wherein it is operated with brine, and the operation of Reinigungsduse saline encrustations lost, which have formed at the nozzle mouth of the Hauptduse.

21. A method for automatically cleaning the Dusenmundes (16) of a Hauptduse a Dusenvorrichtung according to claim 1, which is operable for spraying a liquid solution, characterized in that for the purpose of cleaning the Dusenmund (16) of the Hauptduse (8) deposited encrustations Cleaning nozzle (10, 12, 14) is operated, the spray direction is directed to the nozzle mouth (16) of the main nozzle (8).

22. A liquid spraying or atomizing system comprising a plurality of devices according to claim 13 to claim 20.