DE2421171A1 - STEERABLE WATER JET - Google Patents

Description

Steerable Water Jet Launcher When water over a large distance range is to be distributed or the energy inherent in a water jet is exploited is to be, in many such cases a jet of water is shot forward through the air. For example, when putting out fires, powerful jets of water are used by conventional ones Water cannons or the like.

delivered, It is known that the actually achievable throw is significantly affected by turbulence that is due to internal friction or flow irregularities in the knee joint connections commonly used can be generated in the nozzle space or the nozzle tip. In the one emerging from the nozzle Water jets become flow turbulence, i.e. irregularly directed side components the flow of water in the jet is observed, with surface irregularities occur along the stream and are rapidly dispersed or fanned out of the ray and a relatively short path from that Beam is traveled through the air.

Similar restrictive circumstances apply to nozzles and their associated Devices that are usually used to generate powerful jets of water the largest possible amount of water energy from a coherent fluid flow To bring distance. These applications are hydraulic Mining and construction as well as the slurrying of granulated ore, sand, for example or sludge, which can then be pumped over distances as a fluid stream.

Agricultural sprinkler systems are turning Sprinkler heads of various kinds used to create streams or jets of water to be thrown out in a certain path. The one that can be covered by such sprinkler heads Irrigation area is limited by: 1. Turbulence effects based on the above the type of fire fighting mentioned; 2. Subdivision, distribution and fanning out of the ejected jet to ensure an even distribution of the water over have the entire radial area of the area accessible by the beam; 3. Exploit part of the energy inherent in the water jet to rotate the sprinkler head, for example in all hammer-like advancing mechanisms; and 4th one fixed elevation above ground, which determines the track floor, i.e. a compromise between the elevation required to achieve a maximum coverage area during warm winter periods and the smaller elevation, which helps to reduce the effects of wind, Drift, etc. is necessary on the thrown jet.

As a result of these limiting factors it is particularly important for large Sprinkler heads such an amount of water per unit area of the sprinkled area continuously discharged that exceeds the maximum absorption rate of the soil. Under these circumstances, however, water runs off superficially and erosion of the Earth enters.

An important, further limitation of the application possibilities of all known sprinkling systems consists in the wind sensitivity of the actual, path covered by water through the air and thus of the area that actually is reached by the dispensed water.

This becomes the uniformity of water discharge per unit area influenced in an undesirable sense.

Another disadvantage of using large sprinkler sprinkler heads, in which the water is distributed in circles or circular patterns in that the mostly right-angled, agriculturally used areas are not properly and completely sprinkled.

On the other hand, if you set up the sprinkler heads so that a full one Coverage of a field is achieved, this results in considerable waste of water and the fertilizers it contains to areas outside the field boundaries lie.

These inherent disadvantages of known sprinkler heads have resulted in that they were of little value for agricultural sprinkler systems. The cost of equipping permanently installed, small sprinkler heads in large numbers and the supply lines required for this are enormous. Also transportable, Mobile sprinkler systems that can be operated by hand or driven by motor power for agriculturally used areas are also extremely cost-intensive and time consuming to use.

A way out has been tried by putting the sprinkler heads over Reason were movably mounted while they were sprinkling. Such a facility requires a side service line, usually around 1100 Feet (about 335 m) length, with a large number of continuously working, smaller Sprinkler heads fitted and mounted on wheels or a motorized vehicle is so that it can be moved linearly in a straight line over the ground while it is over a drag hose is supplied with water, or so that it is around a vertical Axis drives around and a circular land area around a central water supply point strokes. Alternatively, a single, relatively large sprinkler head is placed on top of one Wheeled and with a drag hose connected vehicle mounted and with help pulled along a winch and a steel cable over the ground.

These sprinkler sprinklers that continued during the Sprinkling can be moved over the ground, requires sufficient mechanical and soil strength with regard to the weight of the water contained in the moving pipes; aside from that Water-filled drag hoses that have been dragged along often cause damage to the corridor. losses from drained water and soil damage occur in cases where the Soil the dumped amounts of water, e.g. 0.4 to 1.5 inches per hour (10 to 38 mm / hour), no longer during the short entire sprinkling time, while a piece of land is under the influence of the moving sprinkler head, can accommodate. It follows that the total amount of water used by one is continuous movable sprinkler head can be dumped on a unit area, typically is limited to 1 to 2 inches (25 to 50 mm) each time the area is traversed. It is therefore necessary to repeatedly drive over the area in order to achieve a total amount from 3 to 4 inches (75 to 125 mm) of dumped water to achieve an amount that for irrigation of willows with deep roots Plants often desired is. The practical distribution of fertilizers via moving sprinkler systems has the disadvantage that an undesirable residue of liquid fertilizer on the pastures, trees and open areas are left behind.

The wind influences are particularly disadvantageous in the case of moving sprinkler systems noticeable who work with large sprinkler heads because the country with such systems is usually only driven over once and thus watered. So can a persistent stiff wind during the procedure caused a significant dump of water on some Thwart land areas while dumping larger amounts of water on other areas will.

In this regard, reference is made to U.S. Patents 3,610,531 and US Pat 3 626 985, in which it is suggested that the drag hoses be removed before the Automatically emptied when going to the next irrigation station. A transverse one Supply line with four large, alternately operated sprinkler heads is equipped, and stands still during the irrigation, it is proposed in the Patent application P 22 49 946.3.

It thus becomes a progressive irrigation pattern without a physical one Movement of the supply line or the connection hose during irrigation achieved. Because the available water flow is distributed over a relatively large area of land the dumped amount of water averaged over each cycle is less than 5 mm per hour (0.2 inches per hour), which is in the range of what the soil is can absorb over a long period of time without water running off or the crumb eroded. Experiments show that this irrigation technique, which works with repetitive cycles compared to an increase of up to 30% in the rate of water infiltration into the soil Continuous rain leads. Therefore, long-term irrigation of typically 23 hours can be used to handle a larger amount of water without the risk surface runoff.

With the mentioned irrigation systems, which remain stationary and each Repeatedly irrigate land units over longer periods of time, the influences remain the temporal fluctuations, the direction and the intensity of the winds are very small, because the different wind influences as well as the increasing or decreasing, Average the discharged water quantities against each other. However, because of the adverse work Wind influences all conventional sprinkler heads with nozzle elevations and jet paths, which represent a compromise between the following circumstances: 1. a major survey would be able to cover a larger field during the warm weather periods and 2. a smaller bump would be less wind sensitive and a given area of land rain more evenly in winds.

The mentioned cyclic irrigation systems are particularly good for Distribution of liquid fertilizers suitable in the irrigation water during the Initial phase of a watering period, followed by a longer one Sprinkling with clean water connects to the fertilizers, residues from the pastures or to wash away tree stands and arable land and into the soil profile. This is particularly effective in the distribution of liquid organic fertilizers and agricultural feed waste. The advantages are on: 1. Air pollution and the nuisance of flies and other insects is kept very small, because the waste materials on the free soil surface cannot decompose; 2. Fertilizer waste materials are in very close contact brought with the ground brine and are assimilated faster in this way; 3. A willow damage is avoided, which would otherwise cause the plants to dry out Residues of the mentioned materials are damaged; 4. the sprinkler equipment can be washed clean of the fertilizer and waste residues, like this that the performance of all equipment improves and the equipment itself is less demanding on the operating personnel.

The cost of equipment, maintenance and operation of the various Sprinkler sprinkling systems of the types mentioned are so favorable that the field of application this system is so far only limited by the fact that it is suitable for heavily irrigated crops relatively flat agricultural land can be used to achieve the best possible To have efficiency per unit of agricultural area.

In contrast, this facility turned out to be less suitable for irrigation from less well developed pastureland, the hills, elevations, ravines, hedges, Trees and other obstacles contain the use of sprinkler systems exclude those where a long supply line can be moved or where a drag hose for the water supply is included. Same considerations further include the use of mechanized intensive irrigation systems in relative underdeveloped stretches of land, in which water as well as technically trained Personnel and maintenance services are only available to a very limited extent.

The invention is concerned with one with a hydraulic jet working method and with a device, in particular with a system, with which a very fast water jet with little internal turbulence, more uniform Speed distribution and direction can be generated over the cross section and over a larger area can be distributed through the air. The invention is concerned further with a control for the direction, the swept area and the fanning out of the emitted water jet.

It is an aspect of the invention, an apparatus and a method to create a hydraulic jet in which a one-piece nozzle arrangement with a nozzle tip, nozzle chamber and ribbed knee and manifold.

It is further a concern of the invention to provide an apparatus and a To create a method of the type mentioned, an adjustable, self-centering hydraulic needle, a number of beam-aligning ribs for exact formation and throughput control of the hydraulic jet as well as with one with the hydraulic needle cooperating device, by virtue of which the latter forms a valve so that the The nozzle closes automatically at hydraulic pressures that are lower than those that would be necessary for proper operation.

It is further a concern of the invention to provide an apparatus and a To create a method of the type mentioned, wherein a friction-reducing, chemical Additive to the fluid flow via a slot formed on an inner surface can be fed to the internal friction and turbulence on the inner walls in the nozzle chamber and nozzle tip to reduce and improve cohesion of the ejected To obtain hydraulic jet.

It is also important to the inventors in such a device and one such method, radial rotation and adjustment of the elevation angle of the emitted hydraulic jet without affecting the internal fluid flow is changed or interrupted.

Furthermore, the invention is intended to provide a device and a method for the formation of a hydraulic jet be created, with an improved range and energy concentration can be achieved, which in particular for hydraulic dismantling, for hydraulic removal or suspension of granulated ores in the form of a fluid sludge is important.

Finally, fire fighting should also be considered, for which the Invention to provide an improved water jet launcher with greater range target; it should also be mentioned that the invention is hydraulic cleaning and Washing of large building areas, ship hull areas or large areas of storage tanks or the like.

should facilitate.

Next should not be disregarded that the invention is a wants to create a rotating sprinkler system that can be used in agriculture, with which the entire, for irrigation also a circular area of enlarged Radius the energy required becomes more concentrated, with the following advantages can achieve: 1. Adding or inoculating with a friction-reducing chemical Additive to further increase the achievable throwing distance for the delivered Ray to the outer edge of the surface that can be covered; 2. Control of the addition of the Friction-reducing additive on a rotational basis to cover the swept area to control that a relatively rectangular field is rainable; 3. Insert a Beam deflector into the beam in order to shorten the throwing distance and fanning out the beam at periodic time intervals in the to achieve a balanced mean distribution of the irrigation water in an inner circular Area needed way; 4. the use of a drive motor with variable speed, so that the speed of rotation of the beam in optimal Coordination with the throwing distance is controllable; 5. the use of an automatic Timing and rotation sequence control to provide a cyclical sequence control of the covered Range and speed of rotation of the jet; 6. the use of one Converter that senses wind speeds that are above a specified maximum value lie and determine a wind direction relative to the direction of the emitted beam, as well as an automatic compensation device with which the wind influences are minimized can be done by a) adding the friction reducing chemical additive is driven higher in order to maintain the cohesion and penetration of the beam to raise by the wind; and b) the elevation of the nozzle chamber is lowered to a lower arc of the emitted beam at times of increased wind pressure to enable from a certain direction.

The invention further provides a device and a method, with which the intermittent sprinkling according to US Pat. No. 3,610-531 and US Pat Patent application P 22 49 946.3 with a closed, circumferential, individual Jet sprinkler can be significantly improved.

Ultimately, the invention provides an apparatus and a method of the type mentioned, with a closed, cyclic single jet sprinkler can be used to distribute animal waste.

The stated objects and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following Description of several embodiments of the device according to the invention even more clearly referring to the accompanying drawings. In detail demonstrate: Fig. 1 is a vertical section through the simplest embodiment equipped with the features of the invention device for generating a Water jet; 2a shows an enlarged partial view of the cross section of an injection slot from the device of FIG. 1; Fig. 2b shows a cross section along the line 2b-2b from Fig. 1; Figure 2c is a cross-section along line 2c-2c from Figure 1; Fig. 3 a Side view, partly in section, of a water cannon for fire fighting, hydraulic dismantling or cleaning operations; Fig. 4 is a vertical cross section a jet nozzle for breaking down and slurrying solid particles in sludge form; FIG. 5 shows a representation similar to FIG. 3, but with a jet projector for agricultural use Sprinkles; 6 shows a plan view of a land area with the sprinkling area images when using a rotating sprinkler; FIG. 7 shows a representation similar to FIG. 6, in the case of the irrigated, swept areas sequentially or intermittently have been irrigated by the device according to FIG. 5; and FIG. 8 is a schematic View of a control device for the device according to FIG. 5.

Fig. 1 explains the essential features of a water jet launcher illustrated invention, the dimensions of which have a water flow rate of Allow 500 to 1500 gallons per minute (1890 to 5680 l / h).

Pressurized water is supplied through a hose or pipe 1, typically 6 inches in diameter fed through a diffuser section 2, which is stored upright in a suitable manner and at a cone angle of preferably 2 1/2 °, but not more than 60, is increasingly tapered, in which the kinetic energy of the relatively fast flowing in the hose or pipe 1 Fluid flow is converted into increased pressure and a less turbulent flow.

The relatively slow flow of fluid under relatively high pressure enters a knee 3 which is mounted on the upper end of the diffuser section 2 is. The knee is equipped with deflecting baffles 4 to prevent the fluid turbulence to depress substantially that would otherwise result from the centrifugal pressures and eddy currents generated by the change in direction of the mass flow would. These deflecting baffles have a hydrodynamic shape and point such a distance that they can fulfill the function mentioned, which in itself is well should be known.

The relatively non-turbulent, slow flow is caused by an inclined Out nozzle chamber 5, which is mounted on the knee 3 and reaches a nozzle tip 6, which has a circular opening 11 and in which a needle 7 of such a shape is arranged that in combination with the shape of the nozzle tip 6 the water to the exit point 8 of the needle 7 with uniformly accelerated throughput is guided and delivered along smooth curves that are tangential to the curved ones Inner surfaces of the nozzle tip 6 and the curved needle to run towards point 8. A suitable needle of this type is described in US Pat. No. 660,879. The main parts described so far are tubular or circular Cross-section, as can be seen in detail from FIGS. 2b and 2c and can be more convenient Way assembled with the help of suitable pipe flanges 12 or in another way will.

The needle 7 is carried at one end by a flexible rod 9, so that they automatically have one in the nozzle tip concentric position accepts and maintains due to the fluid flow through the nozzle tip. The rod 9 has several longitudinal guide ribs 10 that the fluid turbulence reduce and a straight outflow of water from the circular opening 11 ensure. The rod 9 extends through a projection 3a (Figure 1) in the Knee 3 and carries a screwed locking nut 13. By adjusting the locking nut 13, the needle 7 can accordingly be adjusted in the axial direction; thus can the nozzle opening 11 is set to full cross-sectional area or to full closure so that the needle 7 acts as a shut-off valve.

The entire outer surfaces of the needle 7 and the guide ribs 10 meet an additional function insofar as these surfaces lead to friction losses, and thus reduce the speed of the middle flow areas somewhat, so that these better reflect the water flow velocity on the outer surfaces the nozzle adapts, there also friction losses on the relatively larger surfaces the inner walls of the nozzle tip 6 and the nozzle chamber 5 occur and become one Lead to a reduction in the flow velocity. This results in a larger beam Uniformity than with conventional nozzles, those with such, with guide ribs provided needle are not equipped. A more uniform velocity profile Above the jet cross-section naturally leads directly to a reduction in turbulence within the emerging ray and is reflected in a better cohesion of the emitted beam as well as within a greater range of the same again.

The improved water jet launcher described so far is therefore a water jet with superior properties produce. Incoming However, research has shown that there is a major, remaining cause from turbulence in the emitted water jet to discontinuities in the inner Friction and shear rate within the fluid interface on the inner surfaces the nozzle chamber 5 and the nozzle tip 6 are due, the inner boundary surfaces Viscose layers of about + 0.005 inches (about 127 strengths of water comprise the shear forces between the relatively slow moving ones against the wall surfaces by capillary forces held water molecules and the relatively fast moving main stream in whose proximity is exposed.

The inventors remarkably have this problem thereby reduced and made meaningless that an additive or a solution is injected, which reduces internal friction, preferably polyethylene oxide acts and the addition into the aqueous boundary layer at the base of the nozzle chamber 5 takes place. An inclined ring slot 15 (Fig.2a) is on the circumference around the inlet end the nozzle chamber 5 is formed around in that a two-piece annular slot arrangement 15 is inserted between two adjacent annular flanges 12, which form the nozzle chamber Connect 5 to knee 3. The arrangement 15 comprises two ring parts 15a and 15b, which is clamped between adjacent ring flanges 12 by a number of bolts 15c are. The ring slot 14 should be preferably about 0.022 inches (0.559 mm) and at an angle of about 70 relative to the inner surface of the nozzle chamber 5 be inclined In the ring part 15b of the ring slot arrangement 15 is a Annular chamber 16 which is in communication with an addition tube 17 through which the friction-reducing additive or the solution is supplied under pressure.

A suitable friction reducing additive is in the form of the chemical Given high molecular weight polymers, such as polyethylene oxide, known under the name Polyox WSR-301 from Union Carbide Corporation, which is a concentrated substance Solution can be prepared in (1 wt.% Or more) water and / or an organic Solvent such as isopropanol, after which it is mixed with water and a solution of usually 200 to 800 parts per million by weight (0.02% by weight up to 0.08% by weight). Such a dilute solution becomes a throughput inoculated from about 0.7 to 1.5 gallons per minute (2.65 to 5.68 liters per minute), so that a delivery speed from the ring slot 14 of about 1.75 to 3.75 feet per second gives what is the mean throughput rate in the viscose skin layer on the wall surface equals or exceeds 1000 gallons per minute (3790 Liters) through the nozzle chamber 5 by 8 inches (20.32 cm) in diameter and a medium one Stream speeds of about 6.4 feet per second.

In this way, the friction-reducing additive gets into the aqueous Boundary layer introduced to reduce the internal frictional surface load from 40 to 60% in the nozzle chamber 5 and the nozzle tip 6 and a substantial reduction the turbulence in the water flow reaching the nozzle opening and to achieve an increase in the mean limit flow velocity. These turbulence effects are very important when the flow reaches the nozzle tip 6 and in it very quickly is accelerated. Thus, the jet emitted from the nozzle tip 6 becomes smaller internal turbulence and with a jet surface velocity that is closer is due to the mean internal speed. The inventors believe that vaccination with a high molecular weight additive in the outer periphery of the fluid flow in the nozzle chamber 5 and the nozzle tip 6 in the outer Circumferential surface of the emitted beam remains concentrated and thus becomes a longer lasting one Cohesion and contributes to a greater reach of the beam. This method the boundary layer inoculation in the nozzle chamber 5 reduces the costs involved in switching off of friction effects are necessary to an economically justifiable value because the usually required amount of polyethylene oxide additive is only about 0.3 parts by weight per million total water throughput compared to an alternative, where a homogeneous additional solution of 50 parts by weight per million is required, to achieve a comparable reduction in friction.

Fig. 1 also shows a piston actuated injector for controllable addition of the friction-reducing additive. A cylinder block 18 with contains three cylinder sections 19,10 and 21 of different diameters each an integral, freely movable piston 18a with three working surfaces 22,23 and 24 for sections 19, 20 and 21. Section 20 has a smaller diameter as the section 19 and section 21 has a smaller diameter than section 20. The working surface 22 is at one end of the piston 18a, the working surface 24 is located on the opposite end of the piston and the work surface 23 is ring-shaped.

Water under working pressure (typically 130 psi 2 = approx 9.14 kp / cm) is removed from the connecting pipe 1 via a pipe 1a, which is a Flow control valve 25 and a three-way valve 26 contains. A pipe 1b connects the three-way valve 26 with the cylinder section 19, so that water in the latter can enter and exert force on the working surface 22 of the piston 18a. These Force causes the piston to move at a speed determined by the valve 25. The total area formed by the work surfaces 23 and 24 is smaller than that Area 22; thus a larger pressure of preferably 140 psi 2 = about 9.84 kp / cm on a fluid in the cylinder sections 20 and 21 exercised, which then in the addition tube 17, the line system 16 and the ring slot 14 is advanced, the addition tube 17 with the end of the cylinder section 21 is connected (Fig. 1).

When turning the tap 26 to a different position, the water can flow out of the cylinder section 19 via a discharge pipe 27, is a reverse flow of water under working pressure from the nozzle chamber 5 through the annular slot 14, the line system 16 and the addition pipe 17 and flow to the piston surface 24 get, whereupon the piston relatively quickly down to its starting position returns. This same fluid pressure leaves the check valve 28 in the line 28a, which branches off from the feed pipe 17, close. The same movement of the piston and the piston surface 23 leaves a negative pressure in the cylinder section 20 arise and fill it with friction-reducing additive concentrate 29 that is stored in the container 30, from which it is via a line 30a with a Check valve 31 reaches cylinder section 20. If then the tap 26 is actuated again and the piston moves upwards, the check valve becomes 21 close and the concentrate filling through line 28a against the check valve Push 29 forward, whereupon s is mixed with water from the cylinder section 21. Thus, the concentrate solution 29 is diluted in the desired ratio, namely in relation to the relative displacement ratios of the pistons in the cylinder sections 20 and 21 and the strength of the concentrate solution that is stored in the container 30 will. The flow rate for the injection through the addition tube 17 is determined by the Flow control valve 25 controls the speed of piston movement during the injection stroke influenced. The speed of the flow at the ring slot 14, the injection point into the nozzle chamber 5, can be reduced or enlarged, by doing the width of the ring slot 14 is increased or decreased will.

In the cylinder 18 (Fig. 1) is a pressure equalization opening 32 for Equalization of the ambient pressure in the area between the cylinder sections 19 and 20, which area is not exposed to hydraulic pressure. Of the Hahn 26 can be operated by additional aids which will be described later can, however, also be operated by a lever 33, which in turn is operated by the movement of the pistons 22 and 23 is adjusted. The coupling between the tap 26 and the lever 33 is indicated by the dashed line 33a. Alternatively Servomotors or pumps can be used to inject the friction-reducing additive of the desired dilution and throughput rates are used.

Figure 3 is a more schematic representation of that embodying the invention Beam thrower that manually moves in a desired direction or around a substantially vertical axis of rotation can be set in rotation, where he has a range of vertical elevation angles when it is about a substantially horizontal Axis is pivoted. The beam projector according to FIG. 3 contains the same basic principles Elements as in Fig.

shown with the exception that the nozzle chamber 5 for better operation is relatively short. To further reduce the fluid turbulence to reach in the nozzle chamber, are arranged like a honeycomb, the flow aligning baffles 34 arranged. This set of baffles can be a right angle Mesh grids (of + 1/2 inch x 1/2 inch) made of connected thin metal plates, which forms several parallel flow channels (+ + 3 inches in length) that serve this purpose can reduce secondary eddy currents and thus one less overall turbulent flow of the water to the nozzle tip 6 to generate. Furthermore, an injection device for a chemical, friction-reducing Addition through an addition tube 17 from a pressurized supply source provided, roughly in the manner as described in connection with FIGS. 1 and 2 or with the help of a separately driven pump and connecting hoses, which are not shown. A relatively short diffuser 2 is used to facilitate operation and should preferably have a cone angle that does not exceed 6 ° to have maximum throughput rate with low turbulence. The weight of the beam as well as its flexible supply hose 1 is received by pivot bearings 35, one of which is on each side of the center line through the intersections of the nozzle chamber and diffuser section is arranged. The bearings 35 define the horizontal axis, around which the beam projector can be pivoted.

A counterweight 36 sits on arms 37 and 38 and balances the weight the nozzle chamber plus water content. The bearings 35 rest on a tripod cage 39, which in turn has three rollers 40, each 1200 apart, is supported on a suitable frame and in an inclined rail 41, in which the rollers 40 run to be rotatable through the full angle. The scaffolding points several legs 42 with associated struts that have enough leeway for the Allow movement and operation of the jet projector. Thus, the recoil force of the ejected jet (typically 560 lb (254 kg) at 1000 gallons per Minutes (3790 liters per minute) and 130 psi (9.14 kgf / cm²)) from the bearings 35 and balanced. The relative weights of the diffuser 2 and the associated couplings and the feed hose are slightly larger than the weights of the nozzle chamber, the Nozzle tip and counterweights; thus the beam projector is in equilibrium with a nozzle raised by 300.

This beam angle has been shown to be the one that the largest throw, measured on the horizontal ba line, results. The elevation angle however, it can be enlarged or reduced by using only moderate manual force exerted on the handle 43 on the counterweight 36; the easy mobility of the jet projector is increased by the flexible connection hose 1. The easy Mobility can be further improved in that the diffuser 2 from flexible, reinforced plastic of the same type as for the flexible hose 1 is manufactured so that it can be in something can easily be bent. The entire jet projector arrangement can rotate freely through all horizontal angles, i.e. a substantially vertical one Axis on the rail 41, with a swivel joint 44 between the diffuser 2 and the connection hose 1 conveys the necessary rotational freedom of movement.

The improved water jet launcher according to FIG. 3 is particularly suitable for fire fighting as well as hydraulic dismantling and washing out where a largest possible throw is important. In such cases like economic considerations injecting a larger amount of friction reducing additive (e.g. 1.5 gpm (about 5.68 liters per minute) at a dilution of 500 parts by weight per 1000) justify to get a slightly larger throwing area.

Fig. 4 shows a beam projector with the features of the invention, the is installed with a fixed elevation and is rotatable and in the hold of a ship, in a storage tank or the like. Can be set up to granulate metallic Remove ore or other solid particles and put them in a fluidized sludge form convict.

Reference is made to U.S. Patent 3,606,479 in this connection taken.

This arrangement contains the same basic construction elements like the beam thrower according to FIGS. 1 and 3. Thus, under high pressure from a Pipe or hose 1 supplied water through a cone-like diffuser 2 a Fermentation elbow 3 supplied, which with deflection baffles 4 in the detail in Fig. 1 is equipped as explained. A group of honeycomb, the flow straightening baffles 45 can be provided if desired to reduce turbulence be. An injection device in the form of an annular slot is in the same way and provided for the same purpose as already explained above and the required Amount of friction-reducing additive can through the tube 17 from a centrally located Pump unit are supplied, which has several jet projectors from the one shown in FIG. 4 illustrated type supplied.

A rotary joint 44 allows the nozzle chamber to rotate freely 46 with the aid of a hydraulic motor or similar device 47. The nozzle chamber is rotatably mounted in bearings 48, which in turn in the floor structure 50 of the Reservoir or the ship's hold in the mud leads to the sump 49 attached is. A nozzle knee 51 is equipped with baffles 52 and close to the nozzle tip 53 arranged, in which a suitable needle 7 with longitudinally directed guide ribs 10 is provided in the manner already described in connection with FIG.

The rod 9 carrying the needle is flexible in a spring-loaded one Piston 54 attached, the under-water working pressure in the fully retracted normal position is shown. When the operation ends and the water pressure is switched off, it pushes the spring 55 the piston, the rod and the needle so that the nozzle opening 11 is sealed so that their clogging by the granulated Solid material cannot occur. A final tube cap 56 results together with the lower one Cover plate 57 has a smooth, symmetrical profile and adequate protection for the entire nozzle arrangement, which would otherwise become contaminated in the surrounding solid material would. Relatively large amounts of more concentrated solutions of friction reducing Additive can be injected through the pipe 17 in order to increase the turbulence to compensate that in the vicinity of the nozzle opening 11 by the baffles 52 and the right-angled knee fitting 51, which are necessary in this application, is generated will.

Fig. 5 shows schematically a beam projector according to the invention, the is particularly suitable for agricultural irrigation. As already in context was explained with the preceding figures, water flows out of a hose 1 by a swivel coupling 44, the diffuser 2, which is equipped with baffles Knee 3, the injection nozzle assembly 15, the nozzle chamber 5 to the nozzle tip 6, which is again equipped with a hydraulic needle 7 and leaves the front launcher at delivery point 8. The counterweight assembly is attached by a suitable one Frame 58 guided on three rollers 59, which are radially apart by 1200 and in a circular, substantially horizontal rail 41 can run, the in turn rests again on a suitable frame 42, with everything together on a wheeled trailer 60 is mounted, which is convenient to use with the jet projector Land can be drawn. A hose coupling 61 is for easy connection of the flexible water hose 1 is provided, which is also carried on a suitable hanger can be to the mobility with the help of a hose reel attached to this To increase or improve the radius of action and the drawing in of the arrangement.

A hydraulic motor 62 works directly through a flexible shaft 63 on one of the rollers 59 and enables a Rotation of the beam projector around a substantially vertical axis with selectable Speed, for example, one revolution every three to six minutes. In detail, this depends on the radial area of the emitted beam should be covered and is controllable by a variable water throughput the pipe 68.

The normal elevation of the nozzle chamber 5 is about 28 to 300 opposite the horizontal, at which angle the maximum throw when there is no wind has revealed.

Under normal operating conditions the concentrated water jet thrown into a circular ring field enclosing a relatively dry area.

Another throw to a greater radial distance is made through Injection of a friction-reducing additive achieved as explained. The injector 5 comprises a hydraulic rotary motor 64 which is directly connected to a rotary water pump 65 and an additional rotation pump 66 is coupled. The engine and pumps are preferably of positive feed type and designed so that a predetermined Additional concentration from the container with a larger amount of water (typically with a dilution of 1:30) for injection into an annular slot in the nozzle chamber combined by tube 17 as described. The injection quantity is controlled by a valve 67 controlled, which is used to adjust the water flow through the hydraulic motor 64 and thus its number of revolutions. This rotary motor with a pump unit of the positive feed type can alternatively be used in place of the reciprocating piston can be used as it is in connection with FIG. 1 for the injection of the friction reducing agent Addition has been described.

The sweeping of a narrower area of the circular inner surface, which directly surrounds the jet sprinkler is achieved by the jet distributor arrangement 69.

Hydraulic water pressure through pipe 70 is used for displacement of a spring-loaded piston 71, by virtue of which the deflector plate 72 is partially in the emitted beam can be held, so that in this way the throwing distance of the jet is reduced and water is deflected to irrigate the inner surface.

In windy weather, the nozzle chamber has a lower elevation, of about 200 relative to the horizontal, proved useful to better radial coverage compared to winds coming diagonally from the front and stronger downward winds To have winches. A hydraulic lift assembly 73 associated with the support frame 58 is coupled, is used to reduce the elevation angle of the nozzle chamber, if that should be desired. The water pressure through the pipe 109 is used for displacement of the piston 74 relative to its cylinder 74a to raise the frame 58 and thereby to tilt the entire jet heating arrangement and in this way the elevation angle to reduce the size of the nozzle chamber. This raised arrangement is still free on the circular rail 41 movable and the necessary flexibility for the resulting off-center rotation of the lower part of the assembly is allowed through the flexible hose 1 and, if desired, through the use of a flexible material for the diffuser 2, which can be similar to that for the flexible hose 1 material used.

A wind direction-sensitive transducer is attached so that it is with the nozzle chamber rotates, and has an aerodynamically shaped horn 75 with which the wind energy is concentrated on a relatively narrow neck surface 76 over which a small jet of high pressure water through tube 77 and nozzle 78 is performed. Normally is this fluid energy in the Sensor tube 79 received and is used to maintain a hydraulic pressure in this. The water flow is pushed away from the sensor tube 79 under wind pressure and the resulting pressure drop triggers a control device, which will be explained so that the hydraulic jack 73 automatically follows the path of the ejected spray intercepts and further causes the injection of the friction-reducing additive, about an improved cohesion and a better concentration of energy in the to receive the irrigation jet emitted during exposure to wind.

In order to obtain the advantages described above for the intermittent Irrigation of three concentric areas of land on which the irrigation jet is directed any time interval control system can be used to achieve intermittent mode of operation, i.e .: N range - normal Area of water jet sprinkling; L range - greater distance due to the Injecting a friction reducing additive; S range - short distance with beam distributors or deflectors Three-area division that can be irrigated are shown in FIG. 6 in an idealized form shown In practice there is an area overlap between the target areas S and N, and the L range extends over both the N and L ranges due to the increased dispersion of the beam in the outer half of the radial area. A more useful and advantageous shower pattern is shown in FIG. 7, in which a series of transitions between the N region and the region at 450 each occurrence. One can see from the squares placed over it that the arrangement is in accordance with the Fig. 7 the available water more strongly on an area of the desired one concentrates right-angled shape and avoids that a notable proportion of the relatively expensive friction-reducing additive is dumped on surfaces that lie beyond the land area to be sprinkled.

Typically, the total footprints are expressed as Percentage of the total watered area, about S = 33%, N = 31% and L = 36%. Around To achieve an even water distribution is the respective irrigation period in each pass cycle proportionally divided between the movement areas.

Another inherent feature that is common to all water jets occurs in which a jet of water is hurled along an arc through air with pressures that are necessary and suitable for sprinkler irrigation is that smaller drops of water are dumped on an inner area which is probably due to the increased air friction on the jet surface is. Due to the following air flow generated along the jet path and the "Back door" effect, which affects the water flying in the middle of the jet, there is a characteristic phenomenon such that the water droplets are largest Diameter fall in the maximum area. A vertical and longer one Continuous impact of such water droplets over a period of time can damage the crumb, destroy and partly throw away, resulting in a reduced seepage speed leads. Such damage can occur with sprinkler irrigation with small jet paths, especially for sprinklers with compact jet, the section by section during certain Intervals remains stationary. As a result, the area located further out becomes watered at a number of intervals during which the full power of the thrown away The jet falls on a piece of surface, and acts, the abrasion and atomization of water remains very small due to air friction and thus the irrigated soil exposed to considerable impact forces.

In the jet sprinkler according to Fig. 5 there is such water impact damage significantly lower for soil and pastures, for the following reasons: 1. an improved beam energy concentration and an improved beam cohesion makes it possible for the beam to be directed to half of the radial area and the tip of the beam path is prior to substantial dissolution of the beam; 2. Continuous rotation of the jet sprinkler releases the ejected jet take a continuously changing path through the air. This eliminated practically the "back door" effect at the far ends of the radius of the throwing area. Thus, there is an increasing exposure to air friction and a decreasing one Height of fall from a higher orbit leads to a stronger break-up of the jet into drops smaller size, each of which carries less kinetic energy, like the one Impact on the ground must be derived.

3. The continuous turning of the jet projector and the continuous Sideways movement of the bow of the thrown water leads to an oblique drop of the water on the ground. Obviously there is also an oblique Patterns of the following air currents, which in turn determine the vertical fall path of the water droplets influenced.

In any case, it has been found that the water droplets under an oblique Hit the angle with less force on the ground. This effect improves still, when the peripheral speed of lateral movement of the thrown beam about 7 to 8 feet per second (2.1-2.4 m / s) or about 5 1/2 Minutes per revolution for a 400 foot (122 m) radius irrigation field.

4. More uniform water distribution and more accurate irrigation every single plant during a watering interval is reached, i.e. every individual plant is more certain to be watered during each revolution. This reduces willow damage from dried-on fertilizers and salt residues can be caused, which can accumulate on the plant surfaces, if drying out during successive irrigation in too far apart Periods of time is possible.

To have all of these desirable operating characteristics automatically and in To obtain repeated intermittent cycles, a control device 80 used, which is shown in Fig. 8 schematically. The main control devices are coil type valves of the following type: cam, pushrod operated, return spring 81,82,83 hydraulic, pressure-operated, return spring 84,85,86 hydraulic, pressure-operated, hydraulic return pressure 87.

The valve 81 is operated by four cam plates 88, of which each is 450 wide and attached to a disc 89 at angles of 900, which is provided with eight locking pins 90, which are offset by 45 ° on the outer Peripheral of the disc 89 are arranged. A total of eight lift pins 91 (Figure 5) are on the inner periphery of the circular rail 41 by 450 each attached offset. The disk 89 is attached to the rotating jet projector in such a way that that it makes a one / eight turn by pulling each lifter pin 91 against one Locking pin 90 works. In this way, the disk 89 becomes a Execute one revolution per full revolution of the jet projector arrangement on track 41, and through the cam plates 88, the valve 81 is operated four times per revolution, to supply the available hydraulic energy through pipe 92 to injection motor 64. A spring loaded stop can be used to make the cam operated valve 81 faster to let switch.

Similarly, valve 82 is controlled by a single 120 ° cam plate 93 actuated on disk 94, which is provided with three locking pins 95, which around 1200 apart so that they move 1/3 of a turn at the stop a single lifter pin 96 (FIG. 5) on the inside of the track 41. Thus, the valve .82 is activated once every third rotation of the irrigation head operated to the available hydraulic power to the jet deflector 69 through the Feed pipe 70.

During the two intervening rotations, the hydraulic Power is supplied to the injection motor 64 under the control of the valve 81. To this The irrigation runs automatically during a cycle of three revolutions in the following way: list revolution - S area for irrigation of the innermost circle area; 2nd and 3rd rotation - alternating between N and L range with 45 segments; The water for the hydraulic operation of all motors and control devices is used from the supply line for the jet sprinkler at tap 97 near the Swivel coupling 44 (FIG. 5) removed and passed through filter 98. Valve 99 (Fig. 8) for N-speed is used to control the water flow through the By-pass valve 86 and pipe 68 to adjust the speed of the hydraulic motor 62 so that the desired speed of rotation of the jet sprinkler for the N range is achieved will.

During the intervals of the L range, the hydraulic energy for the injection motor 64, which is available on tube 92, also for triggering of valve 86 is used to establish the by-pass path around the L-speed valve 100 to interrupt, which is adjustable so that the speed of the Motor 62 can be reduced and thus the speed at which the Jet sprinkler rotates, can also be reduced while sweeping over the L area will.

During the cyclic intervals for the S range, the beam deflector is used 69 supplied hydraulic energy, which is available at the pipe 70, further to the Triggering the valve 85 is used to create a by-pass path around the valve 99 to open; is the resulting increase in hydraulic power for motor 62 adjustable with the aid of the S-speed valve 101, so that the rotational speed of the spray sprinkler can increase when working on the S-area. Thus takes the The speed of rotation of the jet sprinkler automatically decreases when the throwing distance increases is supposed to in this way ensure uniformity of the total water discharge- per Area unit and an essentially constant, almost optimal speed the lateral movement of the beam, namely at the outer periphery of each covered area.

If the wind load increases beyond a preset value, When the rotating jet runs into the wind, the air flow is through cause the transducer 75 to shift the position of the probe beam 102, whereby the pressure normally maintained in the sensing tube 79 decreases. The wind load, at which an effective displacement of the probe beam 102 will occur depends on the speed of the water.

current, which is adjustable by a control valve 103 at Release of the pressure in the sensor tube 79, the valve 84 is switched off and interrupts the flow of water to the sensor nozzle 102 and gives a direct flow of water into the injection motor 64 so that there is a constant flow of friction reducing Additive for injecting into the resulting jet results. An ongoing activity the cam operated valves 81 and 82 are used to feed back hydraulic pressure from tube 92 to a series of pulses for the probe jet nozzle. When the wind pressure input for the transducer 75 has dropped and the sensor current 102 returns to its normal path assumes, the resulting pressure build-up in the sensor tube 79 will result in a reactivation of valve 84 resulting in: 1) a maintained flow of water to the sensor nozzle 102 and 2) a normal cyclic injection of friction-reducing Addition under the control of valves 81 and 82. Thus, the beneficial effects the injection of the friction-reducing additive automatically at a very rapid rate Reaction base made available again to the properties of the thrown out To improve the beam against the adverse effects of the wind when sprinkling or sprinkling areas S, N or L.

On the wind pressure and the release of the pressure in the sensor tube 79 also responds to valve 87 and goes below to its deactivated position return lower hydraulic pressure passing through pipe 104 to the valve return piston 105 is exercised and at the connection of the pressure-reducing opening 106 with the adjustable valve 107 is available, which is through the valve 87 to the ambient pressure line 108 discharges. Switching off the valve 87 causes this Applying hydraulic pressure to hydraulic jack 73 through pipe 109. The one resulting in pipe 109 Pressure creates a reverse Flow through valve 107 and an increase in pressure on valve piston 105 so that the valve 87 will not return to the normal switched position, even when the cessation of wind pressure leads to a return of normal pressure in the Sensor line 79 causes.

The valve 83 is by an auxiliary cam 110 briefly once every three Revolutions of the jet projector and the disk 94 actuated, and thus typically at 15 minute intervals. A triggering of the valve 83 serves to increase the holding pressure to remove the valve tappet 105 by placing it in the ambient pressure line 108 is discharged. If at such intervals a normal operating pressure in the sensing tube 79 has been restored, then the valve 87 is switched to its normal, switched Return position and the hydraulic jack 73 is also in its normal position return, relieving pressure through tube 109 and valve 87 to the vent 108 takes place.

Otherwise operation at a lower beam path would take over a another period of three revolutions of the sprinkler head can be continued. If desired, a flow restricting orifice 111 and a hydraulic / air bag chamber can be provided 112 may be provided in order to delay the switching off of the valve 87, so that the hydraulic jack 73 will not respond too often under variable conditions. Thus, the desirable and beneficial effects of a lower web on the dispensed Beam are automatically available when this is improved in the sense Water distribution should be necessary at windy weather intervals.

With this hydraulic control system, a Relatively small amount of water released, principally by motors 72 and 64 and there is enough back pressure to distribute this water over you Auxiliary sprinklers 113 available, which is the floor area immediately around the sprinkler head strokes.

The hydraulic control device according to FIG. 8 can of course in in many ways can still be modified, without so far from that of the invention underlying thought is deviated from.

The three-cycle jet sprinkler according to FIG. 5 thus relates to a device and a method for sprinkler irrigation especially suitable, large fields and Arable land including relatively underdeveloped lands. The sprinkler can Pulled into the operating position and there with a connection line for water under high pressure with the help of a portable hose or line will. The self-propelled unit remains stationary during a sprinkling interval and is usually only done once a day. Typically such a Unit- with 1000 gallons per minute (3790 liters per minute) a 10 acre field (about 405 ar) essentially rectangular in shape, intermittent and alternating irrigate in three segments. Surface running water and soil erosion are practically excluded because of the resulting increase in seepage speed of the soil and an average discharge rate of about 0.2 inches per hour (5th mm per hour).

The wind influences are determined by land time averaging and by an automatic Adjustment of the beam properties and paths kept very small. The sprinkler can advantageously be used for the distribution of fertilizer materials, after which clear water is repeatedly rained off in order to get the fertilizer well into the soil to wash.

The improved intermittent jet sprinkler according to FIG. 5 enables also a method for sprinkler distribution of public sewage on marshland and the like pastures or tree plantings. The distribution -from Wastewater on the ground is described in detail in 'eWastewater Management -Technical Alter-A natives ", August 1972, U.S. Army Engineer District, San Francisco. An essential task of these measures is to eliminate the pollution or to reduce that result from discharging the wastewater components into bodies of water could.

The method described in the cited document provides a strong treatment of water-derived wastes, with recovery of the solvent and the remaining residue is provided.

This procedure is described in detail in the brochure as follows: "According to this concept, the secondary waste water is stored, chlorinated and the Land surface fed by sprinkler systems. The soil and its vegetative Covering acts as a living filter that removes contaminants in the sewage. Oxygen-consuming substances are decomposed by oxidation, most of them if not all nitrogen and oxygen are used up for plant growth or bound by absorption to the continents, and heavy metals also become localized by absorption on the crumb. Drainage and other collection systems are in some cases intended to reuse the treated wastewater to regain. A properly designed and operated land dump system can stimulate the growth of shrubs and pastures and purify wastewater, at the same time the fertilizer quality of the wastewater components is used, Purified water is returned to the groundwater or purified water is reused is opened.

Biochemical oxygen demand, phosphorus and nitrogen will removed by land filtration and reclamation as well as by tertiary treatment. In cases where quantities of heavy metals have to be removed, they must be brought in more to be recommended under land. "The jet sprinkler according to the invention according to FIG. 5 can be extremely beneficial in forest management, for grass areas and bush planting can be used in permanent installation, with units installed permanently and are connected to pipelines supplying high water pressure. Typically such a unit can run at 1500 to 3000 gallons per minute (5680 to 11 400 meters per minute) at pressures of 200 to 450 psi (14.1 to 31.0 kp / cm2) and Irrigate 15 to 20 acres at 0.2 to 0.3 inches per hour. The superficial runoff of water and the erosion is kept very small at such discharge rates, which applies in particular to soil with vegetative cover, with this reduction is further attributed to the 30% increase in mean infiltration rate associated with the above-mentioned intermittent sprinkling can be achieved. The Associated cyclic uptake of air into the soil releases the aerobic microorganisms faster decompose the organic materials contained in the drainage water are what would otherwise tend to fill in the pores of the soil. Thus the Water infiltration capacity of the soil with a high continuous absorption value stabilized, which is higher than otherwise achievable.

In such applications, the total unloaded amount is usually in the range of 6 to 9 inches per month (152 to 228 mm per month) for trees and grasslands, so that each sprinkler head is less than 10% of the total hours will be in action. Significantly higher unloading rates than those for pasture land mentioned can be used on marshland.

Thus, a relatively small number of sprinkler heads according to FIG Invention for the distribution of wastewater over large areas of land with increased discharge rate can be used per unit area. A greater profitability results because of the reduction in the land area required for this, the reduction in the total Length of the supply lines to be laid and the reduction in the total number of sprinkler heads to be installed and maintained. This latter factor is particularly important in areas that have to expect freezing temperatures, where it is then necessary from a practical point of view, a smaller number of larger ones Keep sprinkler heads operational by adding warmers as additional Sources of heat are used.

Overall, a device has been described that is pressurized Water is supplied and the water in the form of a jet of improved uniformity Throws across its cross-section through the air, the jet also having an improved Has concentration and a better range. A facility for manual or automatic rotation of the device is provided in order to achieve a horizontal, den to allow full angle full delivery of the water jet, with further if desired, the vertical elevation of the water jet path can be adjusted.

The area of the field covered by the water jet can be injected a friction reducing chemical in fluid form in the water flow through the Device can be lengthened or shortened by optionally using a mechanical Deflection device partially across the jet of water emanating from the device exits, is pushed or driven. An automatic timer facility is used on request and can vary the beam width as well as the speed of rotation change the device, so that an intermittent sprinkling of two or more land areas within that of the water jet paintable Land area results and one also has a substantially uniform irrigation right-angled land. Facilities that respond to wind pressure and direction are provided and allow control of the beam concentration as well as the Path of the water jet.

Claims (47)

Expectations 1. Method for generating a water jet, in which one under Pressure standing water flow along a path through a cylindrically bounded one Area is led, the boundaries of which form a frictional resistance for the flow; in which the flow emerges from the area at a point of reduced cross-section and forms a substantially turbulence-free jet of uniform cross-section, and in which a friction-reducing additive in the boundary layer of the flow is optional is injected to bring down the frictional force between the boundary and the flow to press. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the area rotated about a substantially vertical axis when the flow is outward is delivered; and that the additive through an annular slot surrounding the area is injected. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the Area is inclined with respect to the vertical and that the inclination and the speed of rotation of the area can be changed around the vertical axis. 4. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in, that the wind force is detected at the area during the rotation about the axis; and that the area around a horizontal axis to change the elevation of the area is pivoted. 5. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in, that the area is connected to a water pressure source and around its longitudinal axis rotated relative to the source; and that the current covers the area along an im leaves substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis running path. 6. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in, that the jet leaving the area for sprinkling a ring-shaped area around the vertical axis forming strip of land is used. 7. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in, that the addition performed four times per revolution of the area around the vertical axis will. 8. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that that the addition depending on certain angular positions of the area around the Vertical axis is injected. 9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that the additive is injected at the angular positions of the area around the vertical axis, which point into the corners of a substantially rectangular field to be irrigated. 10. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in, that the speed of rotation of the area around the vertical axis is changed when the additive is injected. 11. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that the speed of rotation is enlarged. 12. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that that the emitted beam is deflected to irrigate a nearby land area will. 13. The method according to claim 12, characterized in that the deflection every third revolution of the area around the vertical axis for one revolution is performed. 14. The method according to claim 13, characterized in that the speed of rotation of the area around the vertical axis is changed when the beam is deflected. 15. The method according to claim 14, characterized in that the speed of rotation is decreased. 16. The method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that that the elevation of the area is lowered when the detected wind power toward the outlet end of the area exceeds a predetermined value. 17. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that that adding the additive depends on the rate of flow of the flow through the area is made dependent. 18. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in, that the additive is stored and pumped out of the supply in a controlled manner and injected into the area. 19. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in, that the survey of the area made dependent on the determined wind load will. 20. The method according to claim 19, characterized in that the survey additionally made dependent on the flow rate of the flow through the area will. 21. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in, that the deflection of the jet depends on the rate of flow of the flow through the area is made dependent. 22. Water dispensing device, in particular water jet cannon, marked through a tubular chamber (5) with an opening in its: side and with one circular outlet opening (11), the opposite end to a. Water pressure source can be connected by an elongated needle (7) with a circular cross-section and an enlarged central section shown in the chamber is axially displaceable and is at least partially and concentrically extends through the opening; and by an injection device (14) for the friction-reducing additive in the side opening of the chamber. 23. The device according to claim 22, characterized in that the The central axis of the opening coincides with the longitudinal axis of the chamber. 24. The device according to claim 22, characterized in that the Central axis of the opening encloses an angle relative to the longitudinal axis of the chamber. 25. Device according to one of claims 22-24, characterized in that that the side opening has an annular slot (14) which in relation to Needle placed upstream and against the direction of flow through the chamber is directed inclined 26. Device according to one of claims 22-25, characterized in that that the chamber is rotatably mounted about a vertical axis. 27. Device according to one of claims 22-26, characterized in that that to the chamber a diffuser (2) at the end opposite the outlet end is attached, the diffuser becoming one with increasing distance from the chamber having decreasing cross-section. 28. Device according to one of claims 22-27, characterized in that that a pump system (18) connected to an additional storage container (30) on the output side is connected to the side opening (14) of the chamber. 29. Device according to one of claims 22-28, characterized by a flow control valve (25) that controls the flow of water through the pumping system (18) controls. 30. Device according to one of claims 22-29, characterized by a second valve (26) with which the pump system can be relieved of pressure. 31. Device according to one of claims 22-30, characterized in that that the needle tapers to a sharp point in the outlet opening and at the opposite end is mounted in the chamber. 32. Device according to one of claims 22-31, characterized in that that a knee (3) is provided between the chamber and the diffuser, in its interior Baffles (4) are arranged for smoothing the flow. 33. Device according to one of claims 22-32, characterized in that that the chamber is rotatably mounted on a frame (42) which has a circular Carrying rail (41) in a substantially horizontal plane. 34. Device according to one of claims 22-33, characterized in that that an articulated coupling (74) is provided for the all-round rotation of the chamber; and that a counterweight (36) is attached to the chamber. 35. Device according to one of claims 22-34, characterized in that that a device responsive to the rate of water flow through the chamber for Adjustment of the elevation of the chamber on the frame is provided. 36. Device according to one of claims 22-35, characterized in that that the needle can be advanced axially to close the outlet opening. 37. Device according to one of claims 22-36, characterized in that that the chamber can be covered with a cap (56,57). 38. Device according to one of claims 22-37, characterized in that that a beam deflector (72) can be moved in the path of the beam emitted from the chamber is. 39. Device according to one of claims 22-38, characterized in that that advancing the deflector (72) into the jet path from the water flow rate depends on the chamber. 40. Device according to one of claims 22-39, characterized in that that a wind force sensor (76) is attached to the chamber. 41. Apparatus according to claim 40, characterized in that the Wind power sensor controls the elevation of the chamber. 42. Device according to claim 40 or 41, characterized in that that the control by the wind power sensor of the water flow through the chamber depends. 43. Device according to one of claims 22-42, characterized in that that the rail carries several triggers (90,95) on its circumference, which the injection device (14) control. 44. Device according to one of claims 22-43, characterized by a first valve (81) which is controllable by the trigger (90) and by a second valve (82) which can be controlled by a distance sensor (93) and the Beam deflector (69,72) controls. 45. Device according to one of claims 22-44, characterized in that that the speed of rotation of the chamber can be adjusted about the vertical axis is. 46. Device according to one of claims 22-45, characterized in that that the wind power sensor (75,76) has a horn (75) with a constriction over which is guided by a water jet (112); and that a valve (103) is connected to the horn is and on the deflection of the water jet ((112) to control the out of the chamber delivered amount of water responds. 47. Device in particular according to one of claims 22-46, characterized characterized in that a dispensing chamber is provided with an outlet opening and around a substantially vertical axis is rotatable in an inclined position; the existence Drive is provided for rotating the chamber about the vertical axis; and that a Wind power sensor with the chamber is movable and on the opening of the chamber applied wind force responds while the chamber rotates about the vertical axis; and that means are provided for changing the inclination of the chamber when the determined wind power exceeds a specified value. Blank page