RU2593538C1 - Blast-hydraulic gun - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to fog irrigation of grain, vegetable and cucurbits crops, as well as it can be used for prevention and fire extinguishing of forest, bulrush, herbs, buildings and structures. Gun comprises a rotary platform with the device (46) placed in its center for water supply, with control unit (43), accumulator (77), fuel (44) and oil (45) tanks which are installed on the platform. On the platform there is a hydraulic chamber arranged above cylinder (1) with a crosshead crank gear with crankshaft (6) and flywheel (7), located in the case with cover, connected on one side to starter (75), reduction gear (40), electric generator (41) and fuel pump (39), connected on the other side to reduction gear (32) and oil pump (31), fixed on supports (42 and 33). Cylinder (1) is equipped with ribs and casing for air cooling, connected on one side by pipeline (22) to a centrifugal fan (23), connected to electric motor (28), and connected on the other side to outlet branch pipe for discharge of heated air into atmosphere. Gun includes an inclined inlet branch pipe for supply of compressed atmosphere air and cleaning cylinder of burnt gases, connected to centrifugal fan (27), connected to the same electric motor (28), and outlet branch pipe, connected to silencer (30). Hydraulic chamber comprises a plate automatic pendulum-type valve, installed at the inlet of water from the pipeline. Barrel for water jets shot is made with nozzle (67) with an attached device, containing a stepped cylinder with valve/plunger with end surface skewed at an angle 45°. Device (46) for water supply is made in the form of a vertical pipe fixed on the rotary platform, containing a cover with the branch pipe for connection with a pipeline of the hydraulic chamber on one side, and on the other one it is attached to the pipe, connected to the pump with motor connected to a water container. Rotary platform is made with a ring which is pivoted along its axis on cylindrical support, fixed on foundation metal sheet. Ring is provided with a taper gear connected to a bevel gear, having a shaft connected to the cylindrical gears of a reduction gear with a motor, installed on it with brackets connected on the rotary platform and arranged along the perimeter at equal distances from each other, having support rollers.

EFFECT: water jets shot at larger distance, fogging and reduced fuel consumption are provided.

1 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of fog irrigation of crops of grain, vegetables and melons, and it can also be used to prevent and extinguish fires in forests, reeds, grass, buildings and structures.

Known pulse installation for fog irrigation of crops of various agricultural plants, based on the principle of the internal combustion engine, with the supply of compressed air from the compressor (Shumakov BB Reclamation strategy. Knowledge, Technique, M., 1987/7, pp. 28-32 )

Also known is a pulse installation for irrigation with fog with the supply of compressed air to the combustion chamber from the compressor (patent No. 2442859, 02/20/2012).

A disadvantage of the known pulse installations is that they use compressors for supplying compressed air to the combustion chambers, which operate from an external energy source - an internal combustion engine or from an electric motor connected to a power source, which significantly increases fuel consumption and increases the cost of irrigation the fog.

However, the known pulse installation according to patent No. 2442859 is the closest analogue to the prototype, since it contains features that match the features of the invention, in particular, the pulse installation is made with a combustion chamber, a barrel with a nozzle and a valve.

A disadvantage of the known pulse installation is that for its operation requires an external source of electricity and compressed air.

In this regard, in the proposed design of an explosion-hydraulic gun containing a rotary platform with a device for supplying water located in its center, with a control unit, a battery, fuel and oil tanks mounted on it, with a hydraulic chamber placed one above the other connected to one sides to the pipeline connected to the water supply device, and on the other hand, to the barrel with a nozzle for firing water jets, a cylinder with a piston supported by a coil spring mounted on a hydraulic chamber, a cylinder with a crosshead crank mechanism located in it with a crankshaft and a flywheel located in the crankcase with a cover connected on one side to a starter, gearbox, electric generator and fuel pump, and on the other hand to a gearbox and oil pump mounted on bearings ,

- a cylinder with a crosshead crank mechanism equipped with ribs and a casing for air cooling, connected on one side by a pipe with a centrifugal fan connected to an electric motor, and on the other hand, with an exhaust pipe for releasing heated air into the atmosphere,

- and inclined inlet pipe for supplying compressed atmospheric air and cleaning the cylinder of burned gases, connected to a centrifugal fan connected to the same motor, and an exhaust pipe connected to a silencer, the first pipe installed below the second to increase the pressure of the compressed air in the cylinder,

- the hydraulic chamber contains a plate-type self-acting valve of the pendulum type installed at the water inlet from the pipeline,

- the barrel for firing jets of water is made with a nozzle attached to it with a device containing a stepped cylinder, with a valve (plunger) installed in it with an end surface beveled at an angle of 45 ° to discard it under water pressure, resting on a spring placed in an external step a cylinder with a nut filled with lubricating oil,

- the water supply device is made in the form of a vertical pipe mounted on a rotary platform, containing a cover with a pipe for connecting to the hydraulic chamber pipe on the one hand, and on the other it is attached to the pipe with a union nut with a hinge joint seal with rubber rings connected to a pump with an electric motor connected to a water tank,

- the rotary platform is made with a ring, pivotally mounted on its axis on a cylindrical support, mounted on a metal sheet of the foundation, while the ring is equipped with a bevel gear connected to a bevel gear having a shaft connected to the cylindrical gears of the gearbox with an electric motor mounted on it, s brackets fixed on a rotary platform, placed along the perimeter at equal distances from each other, having track rollers.

The above set of essential features during implementation ensures the achievement of the goal, while each of this set of characteristics is necessary, and all together are sufficient to obtain a positive effect - shots of water jets over a long distance and the formation of fog over crops.

Based on the above arguments, the justification of the conformity of the claimed technical solution to the criteria of the invention is absolutely legitimate - "inventive step".

The given set of essential features can be implemented repeatedly in practice with the same goal. The repeated possibility of implementation in the manufacture of the claimed technical solution with the above set of essential features also fully meets another main criterion of the invention - "industrial applicability".

The essence of the technical solution is illustrated by drawings, in which:

- in FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of an explosion hydraulic gun design;

- in FIG. 2 shows a top view of the hydraulic explosion gun 1-1;

- in FIG. 3 shows a node N — a longitudinal section through the nozzle of the barrel showing a device with a valve (plunger);

- in FIG. 4 is a longitudinal sectional view of a hydraulic chamber with a valve installed at the water inlet and a portion of the barrel on its other side.

Explosion-hydraulic gun (see Fig. 1), contains a cylinder 1 with a crosshead crank mechanism, including a piston 2, rod 3, crosshead 4, connecting rod 5, crankshaft 6 with a flywheel 7.

The main bearings 8 of the crankshaft are installed in the crankcase 9 with a cover 10. The cylinder 1 is mounted on the second cylinder 11 with the help of flanges and bolts or studs (not shown in the drawing), in which the piston 12 is supported, which is supported by a coil spring 13. In turn, the cylinder 11 is connected to a hydraulic chamber 14, mounted on a rotary platform 15, while the hydraulic chamber has a plate valve 16 (pendulum type) on one side (see assembly Q) installed at the water inlet from pipeline 17, and on the other it is connected tobarrel 18, which serves to shoot water jets at a distance of 500-600 m. Cylinder 1 has ribs 19 located at an equal distance from each other, with which the cylinders 1, 11 and the hydraulic chamber 14 are mounted on the turntable 15.

The cooling of the cylinder 1 and piston 2 - air - is carried out using fins 20 and a casing 21, into which compressed atmospheric air is pumped through a pipe 22 connected to a centrifugal fan 23, with the outlet of heated air to the atmosphere through the pipe 24.

The cylinder 1 is cleaned of burned gases by inclined pipes 25 and 26, and compressed air is pumped through pipe 25 using a centrifugal fan 27 connected by a common shaft to a centrifugal fan 23 and an electric motor 28 mounted on a support 29. The pipe 26 is connected to a muffler 30 The lubrication system of the explosion-hydraulic gun is forced by means of a pump 31 connected to a gearbox 32 connected on one side to the crankshaft 6 (see Fig. 2), mounted on a support 33, while the oil is under pressure from the pump 31 it is supplied through oil channels for lubricating the main bearings 8 of the crankshaft 6, connecting rod heads of the connecting rod 5, crosshead 4 and cylinder 1, and through the channel in the body of the rod 3 the oil enters the tank 34 made in the piston 2, and from it through the channels 35 lubricates the friction surfaces of cylinder 1 and piston 2.

Pistons 2 and 12 have spherical recesses 36 and 37 - combustion chambers with nozzle 38 installed in cylinder 1 for injecting liquid diesel fuel.

The fuel is supplied to the nozzle 38 by means of a fuel pump 39 connected to a reducer 40 connected to a crankshaft 6 and to an electric generator 41, while these devices are mounted on a support 42.

Control unit 43 explosion-hydraulic gun.

A tank with fuel 44 and a tank 45 with lubricating oil, as well as a device 46 for supplying pressurized water to a pipe 17, a hydraulic chamber 14, a cylinder 11 and a barrel 18, are located on the turntable 15. The device 46 is made in the form of a vertical pipe fixed on a turntable 15 having a cover 47 with a pipe 48 for connection to the pipe 17. The water 46 is supplied to the device through a pipe 49 attached to the device using a union nut 50, and the joint is sealed by installing rubber rings 51. The supply is compressed produced via conduit 52 for cleaning of the air cylinder 1 by the centrifugal fan 27.

The rotary platform 15 is placed on the foundation 53, having a flooring 54 of metal sheet on which a pipe segment 55 is fixed, which serves as a support for the rotary platform 15, while it enters the ring 56, on which the bevel gear 57 is attached, connected to the bevel gear 58, having a shaft 59, which in turn is connected to the cylindrical gears 60 and 61 of the reducer 62. The rotary platform 15 is provided around the perimeter with brackets 63 mounted at equal distances from each other, on which the support rollers 64 are articulated. 49 is connected to a pump 65 with an electric motor 66, which is connected to a water tank with a volume of up to 10 m ³ (not shown in the drawing). In FIG. Figure 3 shows the assembly N. It includes a barrel 18 with a nozzle 67, to which a device is attached, comprising a stepped cylinder 68 with a plunger 69 (valve) installed therein with an end surface beveled at a 45 ° angle. Outside, a stepped cylinder 71 is attached to the stepped cylinder 68 with a nut 72 and a spring 73, which serves to load the plunger 69.

In FIG. 4 shows a Q assembly with a hydraulic chamber 14. A self-acting valve 16 (pendulum type) with a spring 74 made in the form of strip steel, which holds it in the closed position, is installed in it at the water inlet from the pipeline 17.

The starter 75, located on the support 42, is connected to the flywheel 7. Lubricating oil 76 is filled in the stepped cylinder 71, there is a battery of batteries 77.

The explosion-hydraulic gun works as follows.

Using the control unit 43, electric power is supplied from the accumulators 77 to the electric motor 66 of the pump 65, by means of which water from the tank (not shown in the drawing) under pressure enters the hydraulic chamber 14, cylinder 11 and barrel 18.

After that, the starter 75 (type of automobile) is turned on, which drives the flywheel 7 and the crankshaft 6 connected to it, which ensures the movement of the connecting rod 5, rod 3, piston 2 in cylinder 1.

At the same time, a fuel pump 39 and an electric generator 41 are driven by means of a reducer 40 on one side of the crankshaft and, on the other, by means of a reducer 32, an oil pump 31.

However, only when the explosion-hydraulic gun is started, the centrifugal fans 27 and 23 begin to operate from the accumulator 77 and the electric motor 28, and the nozzle 25, through which compressed atmospheric air is pumped into the cylinder 1, is located below the nozzle 26, which is used to exhaust into the muffler 30 and atmosphere of exhaust gases, which allows to provide in the cylinder excessive pressure of compressed air (pressurization) during the compression stroke.

At the bottom dead center (NMT), when the spherical surfaces 36 in the piston 2 and 37 in the piston 12 approach together with the formation of a combustion chamber, fuel-diesel is injected using the nozzle 38. The resulting combustible mixture is ignited due to the high temperature of the compressed air, followed by the expansion of the combustion products in the cylinder 1 and the piston 2 return to the top dead center (bhp).

An explosion-hydraulic gun starts to work, while purging (cleaning) of cylinder 1 from burned gases is ensured by the operation of a centrifugal fan 27 with the supply of compressed air through the pipe 25 and the exhaust gas through the pipe 26 to the muffler 30 and the atmosphere. In the bottom dead center during the combustion of a combustible mixture and a sharp increase in the pressure of the burnt gases, not only the processes of piston 2 movement in bhp are carried out, but also due to the expulsion of valve 69 (plunger) under water pressure and the water outlet through nozzle 67, movement the piston 12 toward the hydraulic chamber 14, the compression of the spring 13 and the shot of a jet of water through the barrel 18 and the nozzle 67 into the atmosphere at a predetermined distance. At the same time, a jet of water when flying in air is sprayed into tiny drops with the formation of fog, and after each shot of a jet of water, the rotary platform 15 is rotated around its axis by a predetermined angle using a gearbox 62 connected to an electric motor (not shown in the drawing).

Under the action of the spring 13, the piston 12 returns to its original position with its surface resting on the cylinder 1, while the valve 16 bends to position 78 under water pressure and the water fills the hydraulic chamber 14, cylinder 11 and the barrel 18, and the valve (plunger) 69 returns to the initial position, blocking the water outlet in the nozzle 67 due to the pressure of the spring 73.

The frequency of shots of water jets is about 55-60 rounds / min per one revolution of the turntable 15, while depending on the power of the explosion-hydraulic gun (fogging plant) fog can be generated on an area of up to 180 hectares, with a range of shots of water jets up to 500- 600 m.

When the explosion-hydraulic gun is operating, the electric power is supplied to the electric motors 28, 66 and the electric motor (not shown in the drawing) of the reducer 62 from the electric generator 41, and is disconnected from the battery 77.

Features of the explosion-hydraulic gun

.A segment of a water stream fired from an explosion-hydraulic gun of length L can fly through the Earth’s atmosphere

.

раз превосходящий его длину (Покровский Г.И. Гидродинамические механизмы. Знание, Физика, 2/1972, с. 11-12) (1).Given that water is 800 times denser than atmospheric air, we can assume that a segment of a water jet of length L can fly through the atmosphere,

times its length (Pokrovsky GI Hydrodynamic mechanisms. Knowledge, Physics, 2/1972, p. 11-12) (1).

(см. (1), с. 16).At the same time, when a jet moves in air, it splits into the smallest drops, and the larger the speed of the jet segment, the smaller the droplets obtained. For water, this critical droplet crushing rate is equal to

(see (1), p. 16).

In the known method of irrigation with fog (Shumakov BB Reclamation Strategy. Knowledge, Technique, M., 1987/7, p. 28-32) (2) using a pulsed installation, which uses the principle of operation of an internal combustion engine with a compressed feed air from the compressor, the air is humidified over the crops in the hottest hours of the day and irrigated, which requires much less water than irrigation by sprinkling, not to mention jet.

An explosion-hydraulic gun is also designed to humidify the air around the plants during the hottest hours of the day, as well as for irrigation of crops, however, it differs from the well-known installation and installations according to patent No. 2442859 "Complex for the extraction of groundwater and land reclamation" in that it does not a compressor is required, and therefore fuel consumption is significantly reduced. The working process of an explosion-hydraulic gun is similar to the highly economical working process of long-stroke two-stroke crosshead diesel engines with high compression ratios (Ivanchenko N.N. High diesel boost. - L .: Mashinostroenie, 1983, p. 4-6) (3).

Another important advantage is that at the same time the explosion-hydraulic gun is a source of electricity generated by an electric generator 41.

An explosion-hydraulic gun can also be built in 2-cylinder or multi-cylinder versions for various capacities - from several kilowatts for irrigation of a garden plot to tens and hundreds of kilowatts for fog irrigation of grain crops on hundreds of hectares.

In this case, hydraulic explosion guns can be made in the form of stationary installations or mobile in vehicles, as well as trailed.

Technical and economic part

More than 99% of the water entering the soil is pumped out and evaporated by plants from it. In this way, wheat, growing on only 1 ha, during the growing season pumps about 5-6 thousand m ^{3 of} water. On hot sunny days, plants are forced to draw moisture from the soil and evaporate it to lower the temperature around them. Transpiration protects plants from burns and creates better conditions for photosynthesis. Scientists came to the conclusion that if you moisten the air around the plant, then you can supply significantly less water to its roots. Humidify the air over crops of grain, vegetables and melons is necessary in the hottest hours with certain intervals, which will require much less water than irrigation by sprinkling, not to mention jet. But it is necessary that the moisture does not settle on the soil as long as possible (see (2), p. 28), which is facilitated by the high speed of flight in the atmosphere of segments of jets sprayed into tiny drops.

Studies performed by the All-Russian Research Institute of Hydraulic Engineering and Land Reclamation named after A.N. Kostyakova, showed that with the help of a pulsed fogging plant, an irrigation of a field of 180 hectares with water from a tank of 10 m ³ was achieved, while the fuel consumption was only 1 kg (see (2), pp. 28-30).

Thus, to irrigate a field with an area of 180 hectares, only 10 m ^{3 of} water or 5, 6 cm ³ / m ^{2 was} required, which essentially made it possible to eliminate water consumption by plants for transpiration. So for wheat in an amount of up to 5-6 thousand m ^{3 of} water.

At the same time, fog-forming (TOU) aerosol installations or explosion-hydraulic guns can be used not only for their intended purpose. Fertilizers and insect control agents can be mixed into the sprayed water. In addition, to save plants from unexpected frosts by turning droplets into tiny ice crystals with heat, which increases the temperature of the surface air layer by 3-4 ° C, which is enough to save the plants. In the same way, a snow cover is created on the field, protecting the soil layer above the roots from freezing. Using the installation, plants can be whitened, reducing the surface temperature of plants by 4-5 ° С (see (2), pp. 30-31).

In addition, explosion-hydraulic guns can be used to prevent and extinguish fires in forests, grass, reeds, buildings and structures.

Field tests in the Krasnodar Territory, Kyrgyzstan, and the Rostov Region showed that even in dry years, many agricultural plants gave a yield increase of 25-30% only due to the use of fogging plants (see (2), p. 29).

Claims (1)

The hydraulic explosion gun contains a rotary platform with a water supply device located in its center, with a control unit mounted on it, a battery, fuel and oil tanks, with a hydraulic chamber placed one above the other, connected on one side to a pipeline connected to the device for water supply, and on the other hand, to the barrel with a nozzle for firing water jets, a cylinder with a piston supported by a coil spring mounted on a hydraulic chamber, a cylinder with crossheads located in it a crank mechanism with a crankshaft and flywheel disposed in said housing with a cover, connected with one side to the starter reduction gear and an electric fuel pump, on the other hand - and with the gearbox oil pump fixed to the supports,
- while the cylinder with a crosshead crank mechanism is equipped with ribs and a casing for air cooling, connected on one side by a pipe with a centrifugal fan connected to an electric motor, and on the other hand, with an exhaust pipe for releasing heated air into the atmosphere,
- and inclined inlet pipe for supplying compressed atmospheric air and cleaning the cylinder of burned gases, connected to a centrifugal fan connected to the same motor, and an exhaust pipe connected to a silencer, the first pipe installed below the second to increase the pressure of the compressed air in the cylinder,
- the hydraulic chamber contains a plate-type self-acting valve of the pendulum type installed at the water inlet from the pipeline,
- the barrel for firing water jets is made with a nozzle attached to it with a device containing a stepped cylinder, with a valve / plunger installed in it with an end surface beveled at an angle of 45 ° to discard it under water pressure, resting on a spring placed in the outer stepped cylinder with a nut filled with lubricating oil,
- the water supply device is made in the form of a vertical pipe mounted on a rotary platform, containing a cover with a pipe for connecting to the hydraulic chamber pipe on the one hand, and on the other it is attached to the pipe with a union nut with a hinge joint seal with rubber rings connected to a pump with an electric motor connected to a water tank,
- the rotary platform is made with a ring, pivotally mounted on its axis on a cylindrical support mounted on a metal sheet of the foundation, while the ring is equipped with a bevel gear connected to a bevel gear having a shaft connected to cylindrical gears of the gearbox with an electric motor mounted on it with attached on the turntable with brackets placed around the perimeter at equal distances from each other, having track rollers.

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