EP0570739B1 - Drainage system - Google Patents

Drainage system Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0570739B1
EP0570739B1 EP93107035A EP93107035A EP0570739B1 EP 0570739 B1 EP0570739 B1 EP 0570739B1 EP 93107035 A EP93107035 A EP 93107035A EP 93107035 A EP93107035 A EP 93107035A EP 0570739 B1 EP0570739 B1 EP 0570739B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
vacuum
installation according
section
drainage installation
collecting duct
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EP93107035A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0570739A1 (en
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Harald Michael
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E03WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
    • E03FSEWERS; CESSPOOLS
    • E03F3/00Sewer pipe-line systems
    • E03F3/02Arrangement of sewer pipe-lines or pipe-line systems
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E03WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
    • E03FSEWERS; CESSPOOLS
    • E03F1/00Methods, systems, or installations for draining-off sewage or storm water
    • E03F1/006Pneumatic sewage disposal systems; accessories specially adapted therefore
    • E03F1/007Pneumatic sewage disposal systems; accessories specially adapted therefore for public or main systems
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E03WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
    • E03FSEWERS; CESSPOOLS
    • E03F3/00Sewer pipe-line systems
    • E03F3/04Pipes or fittings specially adapted to sewers
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/0318Processes
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/402Distribution systems involving geographic features
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/8593Systems
    • Y10T137/87571Multiple inlet with single outlet
    • Y10T137/87676With flow control
    • Y10T137/87684Valve in each inlet

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a drainage system operated with negative pressure, consisting of a negative pressure source, at least one collecting line connected to it, laid in or on the ground, and a plurality of intermediate lines connected to it, which can be shut off by independently operable suction valves.
  • the transport in vacuum drainage systems is based on the principle of plug delivery, whereby, as with pneumatic tube, a liquid plug closes the pipe cross-section and due to a pressure difference between the front and rear in the vacuum line is driven forward. If the plug is overtaken by the pushing air during transport by penetrating it through the slower flowing water, a collecting line, e.g. B.
  • a sink or pocket can be formed, in which the water remaining in the adjacent line section collects and again forms a stopper that closes the line cross-section, which is transported at least to the next sink or pocket when opened by opening a Valve, in turn, a pressure difference is generated between the side of the plug facing the outer end of the manifold and the side facing the vacuum source.
  • Vacuum drainage systems can sometimes also contain free fall lines in which the system negative pressure prevails (cf. DE 29 08 745 C2 and DE 26 37 962 B2).
  • the vacuum source ie the vacuum pump
  • the house connections or other connections to be extracted in which the water fills the pipe cross-section.
  • the vacuum drainage systems for local drainage that have been built so far also work with relatively large pressure fluctuations in the pipe network, depending on their load or filling. This is due to the fact that the suction valve of a house connection only opens automatically if there is a certain minimum negative pressure in the manifold at the connection point, on the other hand that there are enough large receptacles at the individual house connections that can hold a multiple of the water volume to be extracted during a suction process and are able to store it for a longer period of time. If the line system is temporarily in a single line or there is only a slight negative pressure overall, the house connections affected do not open temporarily until the situation has normalized again, possibly with the ventilation valves mentioned.
  • the suction valves on the house connections of the known vacuum drainage systems are controlled so that they automatically open at a certain filling level of the collecting container at the house connection and in the presence of a sufficient negative pressure in the vacuum line and either after a certain period of time or after the collecting container has been emptied and additionally a certain one Close the opening time for the intake of air. It is irrelevant for the reliable functioning of the system whether a collection container is actually completely emptied during a suction process, because if this is not the case, a new suction process will be initiated a short time later if there is sufficient vacuum.
  • the premature closing of a suction valve of the type described in EP 0 341 595 B1 and other pressure-dependent controlled valves can be triggered by pressure fluctuations which have hitherto been unavoidable in vacuum drainage systems for the reasons described above.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to create a drainage system of the type described at the beginning, in which the vacuum available at the connecting lines is stabilized with simple means is, so that the function of pressure-controlled suction valves and possibly the suction of wastewater under difficult conditions, such as. B. via high risers is guaranteed.
  • the above object is achieved in that the manifold between the connecting lines and the negative pressure source with a substantially horizontal floor over a length of at least about 100 m continuously laid with a slope and is dimensioned so large that its inner cross section is larger than the inner cross section of the Connection lines and partly remains free even when the maximum load is calculated.
  • the new drainage system represents a combination of elements of a conventional freefall drainage system and a vacuum drainage system.
  • the collecting lines with gradient sections are also laid in vacuum drainage systems for local drainage where the wastewater flows by gravity towards the vacuum source. It is essential for the invention, however, that between the vacuum source and the individual suction valves there is a continuously open connection which is not interrupted by water columns of different lengths, so that the suction valves arranged near the outer end of the collecting line also directly via an empty space and without interruption due to sluggish water plugs and water columns with the vacuum of the vacuum source.
  • a vacuum drainage system in which a collecting line laid in flat terrain is laid with rising and falling pipe sections such that the water therein does not form a plug closing the cross section. This is also intended to ensure that there is an uninterrupted free space above the water over the length of the collecting line, through which the system vacuum also reaches the connecting lines further away from the vacuum source.
  • the collecting line of this known drainage system is designed as a vacuum delivery line with a correspondingly small inner cross section of about 8-15 cm in diameter, in which the water is conveyed by air entering suddenly when a connection is opened.
  • the manifold is only partially filled, preferably up to about half the height of its inner cross-section, and the uninterrupted gradient also prevents the formation of plugs in the further course of the manifold, so that over its entire length, regardless of the current one Load, essentially the same negative pressure prevails.
  • the vacuum drainage system shown consists of a central collecting space 10, which is constantly kept at a negative pressure of about 5 to 7 m water column by means of a vacuum pump 12 and serves as a negative pressure source.
  • Two collecting pipes 14 and 16 are connected to the collecting space 10 above the water level, with a gradient of at least one in the floor 4 to 6 per mille are laid towards the collecting room 10 and extend on opposite sides along the platform of a maintenance station.
  • the manifolds 14 and 16 consist of pressure-tightly connected plastic pipes with an inner diameter of z. B. about 150 mm. Depending on the application, this can also be somewhat smaller at the outer end of a manifold, e.g. B. about 125 mm or gef.
  • each length section of a manifold is chosen in the example so that the peak level resulting from the flow rate per unit of time and the line cross section arises only approximately to the center of the pipe at peak load, as in Fig. 2 is shown where the central longitudinal axis of the manifold 14 is designated 18 and the water level 20.
  • connecting lines 22 In the upper, free area of the collecting line 14, 16 open, distributed over their length, several connecting lines 22 each, which have a substantially smaller cross-section than the collecting lines, so that even a large volume of wastewater sucked off via a connecting line 22 despite the slower flow velocity in the manifold 14 or 16 whose cross-section does not fill.
  • the connecting lines 22 each contain a suction valve 24, as is described in detail in EP 0 341 595 B1 together with its control device.
  • the suction valve 24 is opened after coupling the connecting line of the wastewater tank of a railroad car and automatically closed again by said pneumatic control device after the wastewater tank of the railroad car has been sucked empty and only air flows in.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Sewage (AREA)
  • Pipeline Systems (AREA)
  • Sanitary Device For Flush Toilet (AREA)
  • Centrifugal Separators (AREA)
  • Cyclones (AREA)
  • Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
  • Compressors, Vaccum Pumps And Other Relevant Systems (AREA)
  • Refuse Collection And Transfer (AREA)
  • Sink And Installation For Waste Water (AREA)
  • Tea And Coffee (AREA)
  • Massaging Devices (AREA)
  • External Artificial Organs (AREA)

Abstract

The drainage system operated at subatmospheric pressure is composed of a subatmospheric-pressure source (12), of a collection line (14, 16) connected thereon and of a plurality of connection lines (22) which are connected to said collection line and can be respectively shut off by a scavenging valve (24). In order to stabilise the subatmospheric pressure available at the connection lines and thus to ensure the function of scavenging valves controlled in dependence on pressure, the invention provides that the collection line (14, 16), passing between the connection lines (22) and the subatmospheric-pressure source (12), is laid in an inclined manner and is dimensioned such that part of its inner cross-section remains free, even if it is subjected to peak loading. <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine mit Unterdruck betriebene Entwässerungsanlage, bestehend aus einer Unterdruckquelle, wenigstens einer daran angeschlossenen, im oder am Boden verlegten Sammelleitung und mehreren mit Zwischenabstand mit dieser verbundenen, durch unabhängig von einander betätigbare Absaugventile absperrbaren Anschlußleitungen.The invention relates to a drainage system operated with negative pressure, consisting of a negative pressure source, at least one collecting line connected to it, laid in or on the ground, and a plurality of intermediate lines connected to it, which can be shut off by independently operable suction valves.

Während in Entwässerungsanlagen mit Freigefälleleitungen das Abwasser durch Schwerkraft transportiert wird, beruht der Transport in Vakuum-Entwässerungsanlagen auf dem Prinzip der Pfropfenförderung, wobei, ebenso wie bei der Rohrpost, ein Flüssigkeitspfropfen den Rohrquerschnitt verschließt und durch eine Druckdifferenz zwischen Vor- und Rückseite in der Vakuumleitung vorwärts getrieben wird. Wenn der Pfropfen während des Tranports von der ihn schiebenden Luft überholt wird, indem diese durch das langsamer strömende Wasser hindurchdringt, muß bei einer sich über eine längere Entfernung erstreckenden Sammelleitung, z. B. jeweils nach etwa 20 Metern, eine Senke bzw. Tasche ausgebildet sein, in der sich das im benachbarten Leitungsabschnitt zurückgebliebene Wasser sammelt und wieder einen der Leitungsquerschnitt verschliessenden Pfropfen bildet, der mindestens zur nächsten Senke bzw. Tasche weitertransportiert wird, wenn durch Öffnen eines Ventils wiederum eine Druckdifferenz zwischen der zum äußeren Ende der Sammelleitung und der zur Unterdruckquelle weisenden Seite des Pfropfens erzeugt wird.While in drainage systems with free fall lines, the wastewater is transported by gravity, the transport in vacuum drainage systems is based on the principle of plug delivery, whereby, as with pneumatic tube, a liquid plug closes the pipe cross-section and due to a pressure difference between the front and rear in the vacuum line is driven forward. If the plug is overtaken by the pushing air during transport by penetrating it through the slower flowing water, a collecting line, e.g. B. after about 20 meters, a sink or pocket can be formed, in which the water remaining in the adjacent line section collects and again forms a stopper that closes the line cross-section, which is transported at least to the next sink or pocket when opened by opening a Valve, in turn, a pressure difference is generated between the side of the plug facing the outer end of the manifold and the side facing the vacuum source.

Vakuum-Entwässerungsanlagen können teilweise auch Freigefälleleitungen enthalten, in denen der System-Unterdruck herrscht (vgl. DE 29 08 745 C2 und DE 26 37 962 B2). Es gibt dabei aber immer zwischen der Unterdruckquelle, d. h. der Vakuumpumpe, und den abzusaugenden Hausanschlüssen oder anderen Anschlüssen Taschen und Senken, in denen das Wasser den Leitungsquerschnitt ausfüllt.Vacuum drainage systems can sometimes also contain free fall lines in which the system negative pressure prevails (cf. DE 29 08 745 C2 and DE 26 37 962 B2). However, there are always pockets and sinks between the vacuum source, ie the vacuum pump, and the house connections or other connections to be extracted, in which the water fills the pipe cross-section.

Das vorstehend geschilderte Funktionsprinzip von Vakuum-Entwässerungsanlagen hat für einen störungsfreien Betrieb zur Voraussetzung, daß bei jedem Öffnen eines Absaugventils nur eine verhältnismäßig kleine Wassermenge von wenigen Litern zusammen mit einem vielfachen Volumen an Luft eingesaugt wird. Die große Luftmenge im Verhältnis zur Menge des beförderten Wassers läßt den Betrieb einer Vakuum-Entwässerungsanlage zwar unwirtschaftlich erscheinen, ist aber bei nach dem Pfropfenförderungsprinzip betriebenen Ortsentwässerungsanlagen, deren Absaugventile an den einzelnen Hausanschlüssen unabhängig von einander je nach Abwasseranfall betätigt werden, eine Notwendigkeit. Dabei wird sogar ein Gleichzeitigkeitsfaktor berücksichtigt, d. h. die mit statistischer Wahrscheinlichkeit immer wieder eintretende Situation daß mehrere zu einer Sammelleitung führende Hausanschlußleitungen gleichzeitig oder kurz hintereinander geöffnet werden, so daß plötzlich eine besonders große Luftmenge eintritt, die einen sehr großen Druckunterschied zur Vakuumquelle hin erzeugt und damit in der Lage ist, auch große Wasserpfropfen bzw. verhältnismäßig lange Wassersäulen, die sich an den Taschen und Senken der Vakuumleitung gebildet haben, genügend zu beschleunigen, daß sie wenigstens bis zur nächsten Tasche oder Senke in Richtung zur Vakuumquelle hin weitertransportiert werden, bevor die Luft hindurchgeperlt ist. In ruhigen Zeiten, z. B. nachts, wenn der Gleichzeitigkeitseffekt nicht auftritt, müssen ggf. zusätzlich zu den Absaugventilen an den Hausanschlußleitungen vorgesehene Belüftungsventile geöffnet werden, um das Verstopfen der Entwässerungsanlage durch zu lange, träge Wassersäulen zu verhindern.The above-described functional principle of vacuum drainage systems has a prerequisite for trouble-free operation that each time a suction valve is opened, only a relatively small amount of water of a few liters is sucked in together with a multiple volume of air. The large amount of air in relation to the amount of water conveyed makes the operation of a vacuum drainage system seem uneconomical, but is a necessity for local drainage systems operated according to the plug promotion principle, whose suction valves on the individual house connections are actuated independently of each other depending on the amount of wastewater. A simultaneity factor is even taken into account, i. H. the situation that occurs again and again with statistical probability that several house connection lines leading to a collecting line are opened at the same time or in quick succession, so that suddenly a particularly large amount of air occurs, which creates a very large pressure difference towards the vacuum source and is therefore able to handle large water plugs or relatively long water columns, which have formed on the pockets and sinks of the vacuum line, to accelerate sufficiently that they are transported at least to the next pocket or sink in the direction of the vacuum source before the air is bubbled through. In quiet times, e.g. B. at night when the simultaneity effect does not occur, ventilation valves provided in addition to the suction valves on the house connection lines may have to be opened in order to prevent the drainage system from becoming blocked by sluggish water columns that are too long.

Die bisher gebauten Vakuum-Entwässerungsanlagen für die Ortsentwässerung funktionieren auch bei verhältnismäßig großen Druckschwankungen im Leitungsnetz in Abhängigkeit von dessen Belastung bzw. Füllung. Das liegt zum einen daran, daß das Absaugventil eines Hausanschlusses nur dann selbsttätig öffnet, wenn in der Sammelleitung an der Anschlußstelle ein bestimmter Mindestunterdruck herrscht, zum anderen daran, daß an den einzelnen Hausanschlüssen genügend große Sammelbehälter vorhanden sind, die ein Vielfaches des bei einem Absaugvorgang abzusaugenden Wasservolumens aufzunehmen und längerfristig zu speichern vermögen. Wenn also im Leitungssystem vorübergehend in einem einzelnen Strang oder insgesamt nur ein schwacher Unterdruck herrscht, öffnen die davon betroffenen Hausanschlüsse vorübergehend nicht, bis sich die Situation, ggf. unter Einschaltung der erwähnten Belüftungsventile, wieder normalisiert hat.The vacuum drainage systems for local drainage that have been built so far also work with relatively large pressure fluctuations in the pipe network, depending on their load or filling. This is due to the fact that the suction valve of a house connection only opens automatically if there is a certain minimum negative pressure in the manifold at the connection point, on the other hand that there are enough large receptacles at the individual house connections that can hold a multiple of the water volume to be extracted during a suction process and are able to store it for a longer period of time. If the line system is temporarily in a single line or there is only a slight negative pressure overall, the house connections affected do not open temporarily until the situation has normalized again, possibly with the ventilation valves mentioned.

Die Absaugventile an den Hausanschlüssen der bekannten Vakuum-Entwässerungsanlagen sind so gesteuert, daß sie bei einem bestimmten Füllstand des Sammelbehälters am Hausanschluß und bei Vorhandensein eines ausreichenden Unterdrucks in der Vakuumleitung automatisch öffnen und entweder nach einer bestimmten Zeitdauer oder nach Leerung des Sammelbehälters und zusätzlich einer bestimmten Öffnungsdauer für den Einlaß von Luft wieder schließen. Es ist dabei für die betriebssichere Funktionsweise der Anlage unerheblich, ob ein Sammelbehälter bei einem Absaugvorgang tatsächlich vollständig geleert wird, denn wenn dies nicht der Fall ist, wird bei ausreichendem Vakuum kurze Zeit später ein neuer Absaugvorgang eingeleitet.The suction valves on the house connections of the known vacuum drainage systems are controlled so that they automatically open at a certain filling level of the collecting container at the house connection and in the presence of a sufficient negative pressure in the vacuum line and either after a certain period of time or after the collecting container has been emptied and additionally a certain one Close the opening time for the intake of air. It is irrelevant for the reliable functioning of the system whether a collection container is actually completely emptied during a suction process, because if this is not the case, a new suction process will be initiated a short time later if there is sufficient vacuum.

Es gibt allerdings Situationen, wo einerseits eine Entwässerung durch Abfluß im Freigefälle nicht möglich ist, andererseits aber auch eine Vakuum-Entwässerungsanlage, die nach dem Prinzip der Pfropfenförderung arbeitet, nicht immer zuverlässig funktioniert. Solche bisher erst unvollständig erschlossenen Anwendungsgebiete finden sich z. B. dort, wo über die Anschlußleitungen jeweils bei einem einzigen Absaugvorgang größere Sammelbehälter vollständig geleert werden müssen oder wo man beim Öffnen eines Absaugventils in jedem Fall zuverlässig auf einen starken Unterdruck angewiesen ist, wie z. B. dann, wenn die Anschlußleitungen hohe Steigleitungen sind oder enthalten, wobei sichergestellt sein muß, daß die bei einem Öffnungsvorgang eines Absaugventils abzusaugende Flüssigkeitsmenge die Höhe der Steigleitung überwindet, statt darin zurückzufallen.However, there are situations where, on the one hand, drainage by drainage is not possible, but on the other hand, a vacuum drainage system that works on the principle of plug promotion does not always work reliably. Such previously incompletely developed areas of application can be found, for. B. where larger collection containers must be completely emptied in a single suction process over the connecting lines or where one is reliably dependent on a strong negative pressure when opening a suction valve, such as. B. when the connecting lines are or contain high risers, it must be ensured that the amount of liquid to be sucked out during an opening operation of a suction valve overcomes the height of the riser instead of falling back therein.

Der erwähnte Anwendungsfall, daß verhältnismäßig große Sammelbehälter abgesaugt werden müssen, besteht z. B. bei Wartungsbahnhöfen, in denen die Abwasserbehälter der Wagen eines Eisenbahnzugs entsorgt werden. Eine Ventilsteuerung für die Absaugventile einer solchen Entwässerungsanlage ist in der EP 0 341 595 B1 beschrieben. Sie funktioniert derart, daß nach dem Auslösen eines Absaugvorgangs der gesamte angeschlossene Abwasserbehälter leergesaugt wird und das Absaugventil automatisch schließt, wenn nach der Leerung des Abwasserbehälters Luft nachströmt und dadurch der absolute Druck am Absaugventil ansteigt. Es ließen sich zwar auch Sicherheitsvorkehrungen treffen, wie z. B. akustische oder optische Warneinrichtungen, die auf jeden Fall gewährleisten, daß alle Abwasserbehälter eines Zuges vollständig geleert werden, bevor dieser auf die nächste Reise geht. Damit wäre jedoch beträchtlicher zusätzlicher Aufwand verbunden. Andererseits besteht bisher die Gefahr, daß es vom Wartungspersonal unbemerkt bleibt, wenn ein Absaugventil bereits schließt, bevor ein Sammelbehälter ganz geleert worden ist.The application mentioned that relatively large collection containers must be suctioned off exists, for. B. at maintenance stations where the wastewater tanks of the wagons of a train are disposed of. A valve control for the suction valves of such a drainage system is described in EP 0 341 595 B1. It works in such a way that, after triggering a suction process, the entire connected waste water container is sucked empty and the suction valve closes automatically if air flows in after the waste water container has been emptied and the absolute pressure at the suction valve increases as a result. Safety precautions could also be taken, e.g. B. acoustic or visual warning devices that ensure in any case that all waste water tanks of a train are completely emptied before it goes on the next trip. However, this would involve considerable additional effort. On the other hand, there is previously a risk that the maintenance personnel will not notice if a suction valve closes before a collection container has been completely emptied.

Das vorzeitige Schließen eines Absaugventils der in der EP 0 341 595 B1 beschriebenen Art und anderer druckabhängig gesteuerter Ventile kann durch Druckschwankungen ausgelöst werden, die aus den oben beschriebenen Gründen bisher bei Vakuum-Entwässerungsanlagen unvermeidlich sind. Der Erfindung liegt deshalb die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine mit Unterdruck betriebene Entwässerungsanlage der eingangs bezeichneten Art zu schaffen, in welcher mit einfachen Mitteln der an den Anschlußleitungen zur Verfügung stehende Unterdruck stabilisiert ist, so daß auch die Funktion druckabhängig gesteuerter Absaugventile und ggf. das Absaugen von Abwasser unter erschwerten Bedingungen, wie z. B. über hohe Steigleitungen, gewährleistet ist.The premature closing of a suction valve of the type described in EP 0 341 595 B1 and other pressure-dependent controlled valves can be triggered by pressure fluctuations which have hitherto been unavoidable in vacuum drainage systems for the reasons described above. The object of the invention is therefore to create a drainage system of the type described at the beginning, in which the vacuum available at the connecting lines is stabilized with simple means is, so that the function of pressure-controlled suction valves and possibly the suction of wastewater under difficult conditions, such as. B. via high risers is guaranteed.

Vorstehende Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß die Sammelleitung zwischen den Anschlußleitungen und der Unterdruckquelle bei im wesentlichen horizontalem Boden über eine Länge von wenigstens etwa 100 m durchgehend mit Gefälle verlegt und so groß bemessen ist, daß ihr innerer Querschnitt größer ist als der innere Querschnitt der Anschlußleitungen und auch bei vorausberechneter maximaler Belastung teilweise frei bleibt.The above object is achieved in that the manifold between the connecting lines and the negative pressure source with a substantially horizontal floor over a length of at least about 100 m continuously laid with a slope and is dimensioned so large that its inner cross section is larger than the inner cross section of the Connection lines and partly remains free even when the maximum load is calculated.

Die neue Entwässerungsanlage stellt mit der sich aus dem Vorschlag ergebenden besonderen Aufteilung eine Kombination von Elementen einer herkömmlichen Freigefälle-Entwässerungsanlage und einer Vakuum-Entwässerungsanlage dar. Wie oben ausgeführt, werden zwar auch bei Vakuum-Entwässerungsanlagen für die Ortsentwässerung die Sammelleitungen mit Gefälleabschnitten verlegt, in denen das Abwasser durch Schwerkraft in Richtung zur Unterdruckquelle hin fließt. Wesentlich für die Erfindung ist jedoch, daß zwischen der Unterdruckquelle und den einzelnen Absaugventilen eine kontinuierlich offene, durch keine Wassersäulen unterschiedlicher Längen unterbrochene Verbindung besteht, so daß auch die nahe dem äußeren Ende der Sammelleitung angeordneten Absaugventile unmittelbar über einen Leerraum und ohne Unterbrechung durch träge Wasserpfropfen und Wassersäulen mit dem Vakuum der Unterdruckquelle beaufschlagt sind.With the special division resulting from the proposal, the new drainage system represents a combination of elements of a conventional freefall drainage system and a vacuum drainage system. As stated above, the collecting lines with gradient sections are also laid in vacuum drainage systems for local drainage where the wastewater flows by gravity towards the vacuum source. It is essential for the invention, however, that between the vacuum source and the individual suction valves there is a continuously open connection which is not interrupted by water columns of different lengths, so that the suction valves arranged near the outer end of the collecting line also directly via an empty space and without interruption due to sluggish water plugs and water columns with the vacuum of the vacuum source.

In der GB-A-2 017 188 (entspricht dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1) ist zwar eine Vakuum-Entwässerungsanlage beschrieben, bei der eine in ebenem Gelände verlegte Sammelleitung derart mit ansteigenden und abfallenden Leitungsabschnitten verlegt ist, daß das darin stehende Wasser keine den Querschnitt verschließenden Pfropfen bildet. Damit soll ebenfalls erreicht werden, daß über die Länge der Sammelleitung ein ununterbrochener Freiraum über dem Wasser vorhanden ist, über den der Systemunterdruck unvermindert auch an die weiter von der Unterdruckquelle entfernten Anschlußleitungen gelangt. Die Sammelleitung dieser bekannten Entwässerungsanlage ist jedoch als Vakuum-Förderleitung mit einem entsprechend kleinen inneren Querschnitt von etwa 8 - 15 cm Durchmesser ausgelegt, in der die Förderung des Wassers durch beim Öffnen eines Anschlusses stoßartig eintretende Luft erfolgt. Der Vorteil der besseren Vakuumverteilung über den freien Leitungsquerschnitt muß dabei mit dem Nachteil des unwirtschaftlichen Wassertransport erkauft werden, weil die Luftstöße durch den freien Leitungsquerschnitt hindurchströmen können, ohne Wasser vor sich her zu schieben. Es muß jeweils erst durch einen Luftstoß eine ausreichend große Welle gebildet werden, die den Leitungsquerschnitt verschließt, bevor die Luft den so gebildeten Pfropfen vorantreiben kann. In dieser Phase fällt dann aber auch das Vakuum an den weiter von der Unterdruckquelle entfernten Anschlüssen stark ab, zumal wegen des für die Luftförderung notwendigen kleinen Leitungsquerschnitts das Volumen der Sammelleitung insgesamt kein großes Vakuumreservoir bildet und bei jedem Öffnungsvorgang eines Anschlusses ein verhältnismäßig großes Luftvolumen eingelassen werden muß.In GB-A-2 017 188 (corresponds to the preamble of claim 1), a vacuum drainage system is described in which a collecting line laid in flat terrain is laid with rising and falling pipe sections such that the water therein does not form a plug closing the cross section. This is also intended to ensure that there is an uninterrupted free space above the water over the length of the collecting line, through which the system vacuum also reaches the connecting lines further away from the vacuum source. However, the collecting line of this known drainage system is designed as a vacuum delivery line with a correspondingly small inner cross section of about 8-15 cm in diameter, in which the water is conveyed by air entering suddenly when a connection is opened. The advantage of better vacuum distribution over the free line cross-section must be bought with the disadvantage of uneconomical water transport, because the air blasts can flow through the free line cross-section without pushing water in front of it. A sufficiently large wave must first be formed by an air blast, which closes the line cross section before the air can drive the plug thus formed. In this phase, however, the vacuum at the connections further away from the vacuum source also drops sharply, especially since the volume of the manifold does not form a large vacuum reservoir overall due to the small line cross-section required for air transport, and a relatively large volume of air is let in each time a connection is opened got to.

Im Gegensatz zu bekannten Vakuum-Entwässerungsanlagen bleibt es bei einer erfindungsgemäßen Anlage selbst dann, wenn über eine Anschlußleitung das verhältnismäßig große Volumen von z. B. fünfhundert bis tausend Liter Abwasser innerhalb von etwa zwei bis drei Minuten aus einem Eisenbahnwagen abgesaugt wird, ohne Einfluß auf die Funktionsfähigkeit der weiter entfernt von der Unterdruckquelle angeordneten Absaugventile. In der verhältnismäßig kleinen Sammelleitung einer Vakuum-Entwässerungsanlage für die Ortsentwässerung würde das große, in einem Zuge in die Sammelleitung eingelassene Abwasservolumen dort eine lange, träge Wassersäule bilden, hinter der durch nachströmende Luft der Unterdruck bis auf Null zusammenbrechen kann, wodurch die Funktion sämtlicher hinter der langen Wassersäule angeordneter Anschlüsse beeinträchtigt würde. Demgegenüber füllt sich nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Vorschlag die Sammelleitung nur teilweise, vorzugsweise etwa bis zur halben Höhe ihres inneren Querschnitts, und es wird durch das ununterbrochene Gefälle auch die Pfropfenbildung im weiteren Verlauf der Sammelleitung vermieden, so daß über ihre gesamte Länge, unabhängig von der momentanen Belastung, im wesentlichen derselbe Unterdruck herrscht.In contrast to known vacuum drainage systems, it remains in a system according to the invention even if the relatively large volume of z. B. five hundred to a thousand liters of wastewater is drawn off from a railroad car within about two to three minutes, without affecting the operability of the suction valves arranged further away from the vacuum source. In the relatively small manifold of a vacuum drainage system for local drainage, the big, in a wastewater volume let into the collecting line there form a long, sluggish water column, behind which the negative pressure can collapse to zero due to the inflowing air, which would impair the function of all connections arranged behind the long water column. In contrast, according to the proposal of the invention, the manifold is only partially filled, preferably up to about half the height of its inner cross-section, and the uninterrupted gradient also prevents the formation of plugs in the further course of the manifold, so that over its entire length, regardless of the current one Load, essentially the same negative pressure prevails.

Während bei einer herkömmlichen Vakuumleitung die Druckverluste mit der Länge zunehmen, weil in regelmäßigen Abständen Taschen oder Senken zur Pfropfenbildung vorhanden sind, und sich ein zu groß bemessener Leitungsquerschnitt für die Förderung in Form von Pfropfen nachteilig auswirkt, gilt für eine Entwässerungsanlage gemäß der Erfindung mit einer Sammelleitung, deren oberer Querschnittsbereich vom Abwasser durchgehend frei bleibt, das Gegenteil. Je größer nämlich der freie Raum in der Sammelleitung ist, desto größer ist auch zusammen mit dem Hohlraum der Vakuumquelle das jederzeit zur Verfügung stehende Vakuumreservoir. Ein nach Volumen großes Vakuumreservoir bietet den Vorteil, daß beim Öffnen eines Absaugventils durch das einströmende Wasser und die nachströmende Luft nur verhältnismäßig geringe Druckschwankungen verursacht werden. Vorzugsweise hat deshalb die Sammelleitung eine Länge von mehreren hundert Meter und einen Innendurchmesser von mindestens ca. 125 mm.While with a conventional vacuum line the pressure losses increase with length because at regular intervals There are pockets or sinks for the formation of plugs, and an excessively large pipe cross-section for the delivery in the form of plugs has an adverse effect on a drainage system according to the invention with a collecting pipe, the upper cross-sectional area of which is continuously free of waste water, the opposite. The larger the free space in the manifold, the greater the vacuum reservoir available at all times, together with the cavity of the vacuum source. A vacuum reservoir with a large volume offers the advantage that when a suction valve is opened, only relatively small pressure fluctuations are caused by the inflowing water and the inflowing air. The manifold therefore preferably has a length of several hundred meters and an inner diameter of at least approximately 125 mm.

Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung wird nachstehend anhand der Zeichnung näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
eine schematische Darstellung einer Vakuum-Entwässerungsanlage eines Wartungsbahnhofs zur Entsorgung der Abwasserbehälter von Eisenbahnwagen;
Fig. 2
einen Teillängsschnitt durch eine Sammelleitung der Entwässerungsanlage nach Fig. 1.
An embodiment of the invention is explained below with reference to the drawing. Show it:
Fig. 1
is a schematic representation of a vacuum drainage system of a maintenance station for the disposal of the wastewater containers of railroad cars;
Fig. 2
a partial longitudinal section through a manifold of the drainage system of FIG. 1st

Die dargestellte Vakuum-Entwässerungsanlage besteht aus einem zentralen Sammelraum 10, der mittels einer Vakuumpumpe 12 ständig auf einem Unterdruck von etwa 5 bis 7 m Wassersäule gehalten wird und als Unterdruckquelle dient. An den Sammelraum 10 sind oberhalb des Wasserspiegels zwei Sammelleitungen 14 und 16 angeschlossen, die im Boden mit Gefälle von mindestens 4 bis 6 Promille zum Sammelraum 10 hin verlegt sind und sich nach entgegengesetzten Seiten längs des Bahnsteigs eines Wartungsbahnhofs erstrecken. Die Sammelleitungen 14 und 16 bestehen aus druckdicht verbundenen Kunststoffrohren mit einem Innendurchmesser von z. B. etwa 150 mm. Dieser kann aber, je nach Anwendungsfall, am äußeren Ende einer Sammelleitung auch etwas kleiner sein, z. B. etwa 125 mm oder gef. auch nur 90 mm betragen, und zum Sammelraum 10 hin größere Durchmesserwerte von z. B. 250 mm und mehr erreichen, wobei die Auslegung in jedem Längenabschnitt einer Sammelleitung im Beispielsfall so gewählt ist, daß bei Spitzenbelastung die sich rechnerisch aus der Fördermenge pro Zeiteinheit und dem Leitungsquerschnitt ergebende Füllstandshöhe nur etwa bis zur Mitte des Rohres reicht, wie dies in Fig. 2 gezeigt ist, wo die Mittellängsachse der Sammelleitung 14 mit 18 und der Wasserspiegel mit 20 bezeichnet sind.The vacuum drainage system shown consists of a central collecting space 10, which is constantly kept at a negative pressure of about 5 to 7 m water column by means of a vacuum pump 12 and serves as a negative pressure source. Two collecting pipes 14 and 16 are connected to the collecting space 10 above the water level, with a gradient of at least one in the floor 4 to 6 per mille are laid towards the collecting room 10 and extend on opposite sides along the platform of a maintenance station. The manifolds 14 and 16 consist of pressure-tightly connected plastic pipes with an inner diameter of z. B. about 150 mm. Depending on the application, this can also be somewhat smaller at the outer end of a manifold, e.g. B. about 125 mm or gef. also only be 90 mm, and towards the collecting space 10 larger diameter values of z. B. 250 mm and more, the design in each length section of a manifold is chosen in the example so that the peak level resulting from the flow rate per unit of time and the line cross section arises only approximately to the center of the pipe at peak load, as in Fig. 2 is shown where the central longitudinal axis of the manifold 14 is designated 18 and the water level 20.

In den oberen, freien Bereich der Sammelleitung 14, 16 münden, über ihre Länge verteilt, jeweils mehrere Anschlußleitungen 22, die einen wesentlich kleineren Querschnitt als die Sammelleitungen haben, so daß auch ein großes, in einem Zuge über eine Anschlußleitung 22 abgesaugtes Abwasservolumen trotz der langsameren Fließgeschwindigkeit in der Sammelleitung 14 bzw. 16 deren Querschnitt nicht ausfüllt. Die Anschlußleitungen 22 enthalten jeweils ein Absaugventil 24, wie es in der EP 0 341 595 B1 mitsamt seiner Steuereinrichtung im Detail beschrieben ist. Das Absaugventil 24 wird nach dem Ankuppeln der Anschlußleitung des Abwasserbehälters eines Eisenbahnwagens geöffnet und durch die genannte pneumatische Steuereinrichtung selbsttätig wieder geschlossen, nachdem der Abwasserbehälter des Eisenbahnwagens leergesaugt worden ist und nur noch Luft nachströmt. Da sämtliche Anschlußleitungen 22 über den oberen, vom Abwasser freien Hohlraum der Sammelleitungen 14 und 16 an die Unterdruckquelle 10, 12 angeschlossen sind, ist gewährleistet, daß während der gesamten Dauer eines Absaugvorgangs über eine beliebige Anschlußleitung 22 der System-Unterdruck an deren Anschlußstelle nicht zusammenbricht, wodurch ein zu frühes Schließen des Absaugventils 24 vermieden wird.In the upper, free area of the collecting line 14, 16 open, distributed over their length, several connecting lines 22 each, which have a substantially smaller cross-section than the collecting lines, so that even a large volume of wastewater sucked off via a connecting line 22 despite the slower flow velocity in the manifold 14 or 16 whose cross-section does not fill. The connecting lines 22 each contain a suction valve 24, as is described in detail in EP 0 341 595 B1 together with its control device. The suction valve 24 is opened after coupling the connecting line of the wastewater tank of a railroad car and automatically closed again by said pneumatic control device after the wastewater tank of the railroad car has been sucked empty and only air flows in. Since all the connecting lines 22 are connected to the vacuum source 10, 12 via the upper cavity of the collecting lines 14 and 16 which is free of waste water, it is ensured that during the entire Duration of a suction process via any connection line 22, the system vacuum does not break down at its connection point, thereby preventing the suction valve 24 from closing too early.

Claims (7)

  1. A vacuum drainage installation, comprising an underpressure source (10,12), at least one collecting duct (14,16) connected thereto and installed in or on the base, and a plurality of connecting ducts (22) which are connected to the latter and spaced apart, and which can be shut off by exhaust valves (24) which can be actuated independently of one another, characterised in that with a substantially horizontal base the collecting duct (14,16) is installed between the connecting ducts (22) and the underpressure source (10,12) with a continuous slope over a length of at least approximately 100 m and is of such dimensions that its inner cross-section is greater than the inner cross-section of the connecting ducts (22) and remains partly free even under predetermined maximum loading.
  2. A drainage installation according to Claim 1, characterised in that the length of the collecting duct (14,16) is more than 200 m, preferably more than 400 m.
  3. A drainage installation according to Claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the collecting duct (14,16), even between the second and third connecting ducts (22) viewed from its outer end in flow direction, has an inner diameter of at least approximately 125 mm.
  4. A drainage installation according to any one of Claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the collecting duct (14,16) is installed with a downward slope of at least 4 to 6 per thousand.
  5. A drainage installation according to any one of Claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the inner cross-section of the collecting duct (14,16) is of such dimensions that under maximum loading it is filled at maximum approximately up to 75 %, preferably approximately 50 %.
  6. A drainage installation according to any one of Claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the closing movement of the exhaust valves is controlled as a function of the pressure in the connecting duct (22).
  7. A drainage installation according to any one of Claims 1 to 6, characterised in that at least one connecting duct (22) has a riser pipe of more than 10 m in height.
EP93107035A 1992-05-20 1993-04-30 Drainage system Expired - Lifetime EP0570739B1 (en)

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DE4216628A DE4216628A1 (en) 1992-05-20 1992-05-20 Drainage system
DE4216628 1992-05-20

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JP (1) JPH0650260A (en)
KR (1) KR930023557A (en)
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US5337773A (en) 1994-08-16
CA2096489A1 (en) 1993-11-21
PL298983A1 (en) 1993-12-13
DE59307690D1 (en) 1998-01-02
EP0570739A1 (en) 1993-11-24
DE4216628A1 (en) 1993-11-25
ATE160407T1 (en) 1997-12-15
KR930023557A (en) 1993-12-21
JPH0650260A (en) 1994-02-22

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