DE19841362A1 - Shaped detergents or cleaning agents with highly concentrated alkylbenzene sulfonate pre-mixes added to improve hardness and disintegration properties - Google Patents

Abstract

Shaped detergents and cleaning agents made from compressed particulates also include a pre-mix containing at least 40 wt. % alkylbenzene sulfonate (ABS) to improve the hardness and disintegration rate.

Description

The present invention is in the field of compact moldings, the washing and have cleaning-active properties. Such detergent tablets include, for example, detergent tablets for washing textiles, Detergent tablets for automatic dishwashing or hard cleaning Surfaces, bleach tablets for use in washing machines or dishwashers, Water softening tablets or stain tablets. In particular, the Invention detergent tablets which are used for washing textiles in used in a household washing machine and briefly referred to as detergent tablets become.

Detergent tablets are widely described in the prior art are becoming increasingly popular with consumers because of the simple dosage. Tableted detergents and cleaning agents have a number of powdered detergents Advantages: They are easier to dose and handle and because of their compact structure Advantages in storage and transport. Also in the Patent literature therefore includes detergent tablets described. A problem with the application of washing and cleaning active Shaped bodies occur again and again, is the slow decay and dissolution rate  the molded body under conditions of use. Because sufficiently stable, d. H. form and break-resistant molded articles can only be produced by relatively high pressure can, there is a strong compression of the molded parts and a consequent delayed disintegration of the shaped body in the aqueous liquor and thus too slow a release of the active substances in the washing or Cleaning process. The delayed disintegration of the molded body continues to have Disadvantage that conventional detergent tablets do not have the Have the detergent dispenser washed in by household washing machines as the tablets are not in decay into secondary particles that are small enough to escape from the Detergent dispenser to be washed into the washing drum.

To overcome the dichotomy between hardness, i. H. Transport and Handling stability and easy disintegration of the moldings are state of the art many solutions have been developed. A well known and especially from the pharmacy Approach extended to the field of detergent tablets is Incorporation of certain disintegration aids that facilitate access to water or swell upon entry of water or gas evolving or in another form act disintegrating. Other proposed solutions from the patent literature describe the Compression of premixes of certain particle sizes, the separation of individual ones Ingredients of certain other ingredients as well as the coating of individual ones Ingredients or the entire molded body with binders. However, since the addition of Substances which are only intended to accelerate the disintegration of the shaped bodies, at the same time the amount of active substances is reduced for a given molded body weight, there is still the task of producing detergent tablets, in those washing and cleaning active substances or other detergent ingredients there are no added substances that promote disintegration is necessary.

The washing performance of shaped articles that are active in washing and cleaning is achieved by using Guaranteed surfactants, with alkylbenzenesulfonates because of their high cleaning performance and industrial availability occupy an important position. A washing and To provide detergent tablets, in which the assembly of a Surfactant causes it to disintegrate faster at a predetermined hardness, was therefore one of the  Objects of the present invention. Another object of the present invention consisted of making the incorporation form of the alkylbenzenesulfonate so variable shape that usually in the manufacture of washing and Detergent tablets used in varying amounts of surfactant granules can be used and a resulting amount of surfactant simply over the premix to be tabletted can be compensated for without the physical Properties of the detergent tablets, in particular the hardness and Disintegration time, negatively influencing. In addition, the familiarization form should be found be so flexible that you can use them not only via the premix, but also can incorporate into the detergent tablets via the surfactant granules, without incorporating negative properties of the moldings in this way result.

The applicant was now able to concentrate in extensive tests Alkylbenzenesulfonate compounds with alkylbenzenesulfonate contents above 40% by weight as Universally applicable in the manufacture of detergent tablets Surfactant carriers determine which of the moldings have improved physical properties to lend.

The present invention relates to detergent tablets compressed, particulate detergent and cleaning agent, the alkylbenzenesulfonate Compounds with alkylbenzenesulfonate contents above 40 wt .-%, based on the Compound included.

Alkylbenzenesulfonates as powerful anionic surfactants have been around since the 1930s of our century. At that time, monochlorination of kogasin Fractions and subsequent Friedel-Crafts alkylation prepared using alkylbenzenes Oleum sulfonated and neutralized with sodium hydroxide solution. Early 1950s was used to produce alkylbenzenesulfonates propylene to branched α-dodecylene tetramerized and the product via a Friedel-Crafts reaction using Aluminum trichloride or hydrogen fluoride converted to tetrapropylene benzene, which was subsequently sulfonated and neutralized. This economic possibility of Production of tetrapropylene benzene sulfonates (TPS) led to the breakthrough of these  Class of surfactants, which are the soaps as the main surfactant in detergents and cleaning agents ousted.

Due to the lack of biodegradability of TPS, there was a need to to represent new alkylbenzenesulfonates, which are characterized by an improved ecological Characterize behavior. These requirements are met by linear alkyl benzene sulfonates fulfilled, which are the almost exclusively manufactured alkylbenzenesulfonates and with the abbreviation ABS.

Linear alkylbenzenesulfonates are made from linear alkylbenzenes, which are in turn accessible from linear olefins. This will be on an industrial scale Petroleum fractions with molecular sieves in the n-paraffins of the desired purity separated and dehydrated to the n-olefins, both α- and i-olefins result. The resulting olefins are then in the presence of acidic catalysts Benzene converted to the alkylbenzenes, the choice of the Friedel-Crafts catalyst has an influence on the isomer distribution of the resulting linear alkylbenzenes: At The use of aluminum trichloride contains 2-phenyl isomers Mix with the 3, 4, 5 and other isomers at approx. 30% by weight If hydrogen fluoride is used as a catalyst, the 2-phenyl isomer content can be reduced to approx. Lower 20% by weight. The sulfonation of linear alkylbenzenes finally succeeds today on an industrial scale with oleum, sulfuric acid or gaseous sulfur trioxide, whereby the latter is by far the most important. For film or special sulfonation Tube bundle reactors used, the product of a 97 wt .-% alkylbenzenesulfonic acid (ABSS) supply that marketed with or with NaOH to aqueous ABS pastes with Active substance content around 60 wt .-% is neutralized, which is then on the market reach.

It is preferred in the context of the present invention that the alkylbenzenesulfonate Compounds alkylbenzenesulfonate contents above 50% by weight, preferably above 60 % By weight and in particular above 70% by weight, based on the compound.

By choosing the neutralizing agent, a wide variety of salts, ie alkylbenzenesulfonates, can be obtained from the ABSS. For reasons of economy, it is preferred to prepare and use the alkali metal salts and, among them, the sodium salts of the ABSS. These can be described by the general formula I:

in which the sum of x and y is usually between 5 and 13. It is preferred in the context of the present invention if the alkylbenzenesulfonate compounds contain the alkali metal, preferably sodium salts of C _8-16 -, preferably C _9-13 - alkylbenzenesulfonic acids which are derived from alkylbenzenes which have a tetralin content of less than 5% by weight. -%, based on the alkylbenzene.

It is further preferred to use alkylbenzenesulfonates whose alkylbenzenes were prepared by the HF process, so that detergent tablets are preferred in which the alkylbenzenesulfonate compounds contain the alkali metal, preferably sodium, salts of C _8-16 , preferably C Contain _9-13 alkylbenzenesulfonic acids, which have a 2-phenyl isomer content below 22% by weight, based on the alkylbenzenesulfonic acid.

The detergent tablets according to the invention contain the Alkylbenzenesulfonate compounds preferably in amounts of 0.5 to 20% by weight, preferably from 1 to 15% by weight, particularly preferably from 2 to 10% by weight and in particular from 3 to 8% by weight, in each case based on the weight of the shaped body.

Regardless of the form of incorporation of the alkylbenzenesulfonates, washing and Preferred detergent tablets, the alkylbenzenesulfonate contents from 1 to 30 % By weight, preferably from 5 to 25% by weight and in particular from 10 to 15% by weight, each based on the weight of the molded body.  

The total amount of alkylbenzenesulfonates can be introduced via ABS compounds , but it is also possible and preferred within the scope of the present invention, that the detergent tablets in addition to the alkylbenzenesulfonate Compounds contain an alkylbenzenesulfonate containing surfactant granules.

If the total amount of ABS in the washing and Detergent tablets are not introduced via ABS compounds, but In addition, other ways of familiarization - for example, with an ABS-containing one Granular surfactant - are selected, it is preferred that at least 20 wt .-%, preferably at least 30% by weight and in particular at least 40% by weight of the total contained in the moldings alkylbenzenesulfonate on the Alkylbenzenesulfonate compounds is introduced into the shaped body. For evaluation of the ABS compounds in the detergent tablets quantity, it is completely irrelevant whether these ABS compounds are only in the Mixing the individual components, d. H. in the preparation of the premix, be added, or whether they are already in the manufacture of other granules, in particular Surfactant granules can be used. If the ABS compounds are used in the manufacture of the Are added surfactant granules, it is also irrelevant whether the surfactant granules as further surfactants contain others, for example nonionic surfactants or only ABS. On in this way, according to the invention, a surfactant granulate can be produced that, on the one hand contains ABS compounds according to the invention, but on the other hand still contains a further amount of ABS, which results, for example, from ABSS added during granulation, can have.

In addition to the ABS compounds used according to the invention, the washing and Detergent tablets usual ingredients of washing and cleaning agents, especially from the groups of surfactants and / or builders. Other ingredients, which are used in the detergent tablets according to the invention disintegration aids, bleaching agents, bleach activators, Enzymes, dyes and fragrances, optical brighteners, polymers, foam inhibitors, etc.  

To develop the washing performance, the washing and Detergent tablets in addition to the ABS from other surface-active substances the group of anionic, nonionic, zwitterionic or cationic surfactants contain, anionic surfactants for economic reasons and because of their Range of services are clearly preferred.

Anionic surfactants used are, for example, those of the sulfonate and sulfate type. As surfactants of the sulfonate type come z. B. olefin sulfonates, ie mixtures of alkene and hydroxyalkanesulfonates and disulfonates, such as those obtained in example from C _12-18 monoolefins with terminal or internal double bond by sulfonation with gaseous sulfur trioxide and subsequent alkaline or acidic hydrolysis of the sulfonation products . Also suitable are alkanesulfonates obtained from C _12-18 alkanes, for example by sulfochlorination or sulfoxidation with subsequent hydrolysis or neutralization. Likewise, the esters of α-sulfofatty acids (ester sulfonates), e.g. B. the α-sulfonated methyl ester of hydrogenated coconut, palm kernel or tallow fatty acids.

Other suitable anionic surfactants are sulfonated fatty acid glycerol esters. Under Fatty acid glycerol esters are the mono-, di- and triesters as well as their mixtures understand how they are produced by esterification of a monoglycerol with 1 to 3 moles of fatty acid or in the transesterification of triglycerides with 0.3 to 2 moles of glycerin will hold. Preferred sulfonated fatty acid glycerol esters are the sulfonation products of saturated fatty acids with 6 to 22 carbon atoms, for example caproic acid, Caprylic acid, capric acid, myristic acid, lauric acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid or Behenic acid.

Alk (en) yl sulfates are the alkali and in particular the sodium salts of the sulfuric acid half esters of C ₁₂ -C ₁₈ fatty alcohols, for example from coconut oil alcohol, tallow fatty alcohol, lauryl, myristyl, cetyl or stearyl alcohol or the C ₁₀ -C ₂₀ oxo alcohols and those half-esters of secondary alcohols of this chain length are preferred. Also preferred are alk (en) yl sulfates of the chain length mentioned which contain a synthetic, straight-chain alkyl radical prepared on a petrochemical basis and which have a degradation behavior analogous to that of the adequate compounds based on oleochemical raw materials. The C ₁₂ -C ₁₆ alkyl sulfates and C ₁₂ -C ₁₅ alkyl sulfates and C ₁₄ -C ₁₅ alkyl sulfates are preferred from the point of view of washing technology. 2,3-Alkyl sulfates, which are produced, for example, according to US Pat. Nos. 3,234,258 or 5,075,041 and can be obtained as commercial products from the Shell Oil Company under the name DAN®, are also suitable anionic surfactants.

The sulfuric acid monoesters of the straight-chain or branched C _7-21 alcohols ethoxylated with 1 to 6 mol of ethylene oxide, such as 2-methyl-branched C _9-11 alcohols with an average of 3.5 mol of ethylene oxide (EO) or C _12-18 - Fatty alcohols with 1 to 4 EO are suitable. Because of their high foaming behavior, they are used in cleaning agents only in relatively small amounts, for example in amounts of 1 to 5% by weight.

Other suitable anionic surfactants are also the salts of alkylsulfosuccinic acid, which are also referred to as sulfosuccinates or as sulfosuccinic acid esters and which are monoesters and / or diesters of sulfosuccinic acid with alcohols, preferably fatty alcohols and especially ethoxylated fatty alcohols. Preferred sulfosuccinates contain C _8-18 fatty alcohol residues or mixtures thereof. Particularly preferred sulfosuccinates contain a fatty alcohol residue which is derived from ethoxylated fatty alcohols, which in themselves are nonionic surfactants (description see below). Again, sulfosuccinates whose fatty alcohol residues are derived from ethoxylated fatty alcohols with a narrow homolog distribution are particularly preferred. It is also possible to use alk (en) ylsuccinic acid with preferably 8 to 18 carbon atoms in the alk (en) yl chain or salts thereof.

Soaps are particularly suitable as further anionic surfactants. Are suitable saturated fatty acid soaps, such as the salts of lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, Stearic acid, hydrogenated erucic acid and behenic acid and in particular from natural Fatty acids, e.g. B. coconut, palm kernel or tallow fatty acids, derived soap mixtures.

The anionic surfactants including the soaps can be in the form of their sodium, potassium or ammonium salts and as soluble salts of organic bases, such as mono-, di- or Triethanolamine. The anionic surfactants are preferably in the form of their Sodium or potassium salts, especially in the form of the sodium salts.  

In the context of the present invention, detergent tablets are shaped preferred, the 5 to 50 wt .-%, preferably 7.5 to 40 wt .-% and in particular 10 to Contain 20% by weight of anionic surfactant (s), based in each case on the weight of the shaped body. When selecting the anionic surfactants that are used in the washing and Detergent tablets are used, the freedom of formulation does not stand in the way. Preferred washing and However, detergent tablets have a soap content of 0.2% by weight, based on the total weight of the molded body. Preferred to use Anionic surfactants are the alkylbenzenesulfonates and fatty alcohol sulfates, whereby preferred detergent tablets 2 to 20 wt .-%, preferably 2.5 to 15% by weight and in particular 3 to 8% by weight of fatty alcohol sulfate (s), in each case based on the Molded body weight included.

The nonionic surfactants used are preferably alkoxylated, advantageously ethoxylated, in particular primary alcohols having preferably 8 to 18 carbon atoms and an average of 1 to 12 moles of ethylene oxide (EO) per mole of alcohol, in which the alcohol radical can be linearly or preferably 2-branched methyl or may contain linear and methyl-branched radicals in the mixture, as are usually present in oxo alcohol radicals. In particular, however, alcohol ethoxylates with linear residues from alcohols of native origin with 12 to 18 carbon atoms, for. B. from coconut, palm, tallow or oleyl alcohol, and an average of 2 to 8 EO per mole of alcohol preferred. The preferred ethoxylated alcohols include, for example, C _12-14 alcohols with 3 EO or 4 EO, C _9-11 alcohol with 7 EO, C _13-15 alcohols with 3 EO, 5 EO, 7 EO or 8 EO, C _12-18 alcohols with 3 EO, 5 EO or 7 EO and mixtures thereof, such as mixtures of C _12-14 alcohol with 3 EO and C _12-18 alcohol with 5 EO. The degrees of ethoxylation given represent statistical averages, which can be an integer or a fraction for a specific product. Preferred alcohol ethoxylates have a narrow homolog distribution (narrow range ethoxylates, NRE). In addition to these nonionic surfactants, fatty alcohols with more than 12 EO can also be used. Examples include tallow fatty alcohol with 14 EO, 25 EO, 30 EO or 40 EO.

Another class of preferably used nonionic surfactants, which either as sole nonionic surfactant or in combination with other nonionic surfactants are used are alkoxylated, preferably ethoxylated or ethoxylated and propoxylated fatty acid alkyl esters, preferably having 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the Alkyl chain, especially fatty acid methyl esters, such as those found in Japanese Patent application JP 58/217598 are described or preferably according to the in the international patent application WO-A-90/13533 become.

Another class of nonionic surfactants that can be used advantageously are the alkyl polyglycosides (APG). Alkyl polyglycosides which can be used satisfy the general formula RO (G) _z , in which R denotes a linear or branched, in particular methyl-branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic radical having 8 to 22, preferably 12 to 18, carbon atoms and G is the Is symbol which stands for a glycose unit with 5 or 6 carbon atoms, preferably for glucose. The degree of glycosidation z is between 1.0 and 4.0, preferably between 1.0 and 2.0 and in particular between 1.1 and 1.4.

Linear alkyl polyglucosides, ie alkyl polyglycosides, in which the polyglycosyl radical is a glucose radical and the alkyl radical is an n-alkyl radical.

The detergent tablets according to the invention can be preferred Contain alkyl polyglycosides, the APG contents of the shaped bodies being above 0.2% by weight, based on the entire molded body, are preferred. Particularly preferred washing and Detergent tablets contain APG in quantities of 0.2 to 10% by weight, preferably 0.2 to 5% by weight and in particular 0.5 to 3% by weight.

Also nonionic surfactants of the amine oxide type, for example N-cocoalkyl-N, N- dimethylamine oxide and N-tallow alkyl-N, N-dihydroxyethylamine oxide, and the Fatty acid alkanolamides can be suitable. The amount of these nonionic surfactants  is preferably not more than that of the ethoxylated fatty alcohols, especially not more than half of it.

Other suitable surfactants are polyhydroxy fatty acid amides of the formula (II),

in which RCO stands for an aliphatic acyl radical with 6 to 22 carbon atoms, R ¹ for hydrogen, an alkyl or hydroxyalkyl radical with 1 to 4 carbon atoms and [Z] for a linear or branched polyhydroxyalkyl radical with 3 to 10 carbon atoms and 3 to 10 hydroxyl groups. The polyhydroxy fatty acid amides are known substances which can usually be obtained by reductive amination of a reducing sugar with ammonia, an alkylamine or an alkanolamine and subsequent acylation with a fatty acid, a fatty acid alkyl ester or a fatty acid chloride.

The group of polyhydroxy fatty acid amides also includes compounds of the formula (III)

in which R represents a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl radical having 7 to 12 carbon atoms, R ^{1 represents} a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl radical or an aryl radical having 2 to 8 carbon atoms and R ^{2 represents} a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl radical or an aryl radical or an oxyalkyl radical having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, C _1-4 -alkyl or phenyl radicals being preferred and [Z] representing a linear polyhydroxyalkyl radical whose alkyl chain is substituted by at least two hydroxyl groups, or alkoxylated, preferably ethoxylated or propoxylated derivatives of this residue.

[Z] is preferably obtained by reductive amination of a reduced sugar, for example glucose, fructose, maltose, lactose, galactose, mannose or xylose. The N-alkoxy- or N-aryloxy-substituted compounds can then, for example, according to the teaching of the international application WO-A-95/07331 by implementation with Fatty acid methyl esters in the presence of an alkoxide as a catalyst in the desired Polyhydroxy fatty acid amides are transferred.

In addition to the washing-active substances, builders are the most important ingredients of Detergents and cleaning agents. In the washing and Detergent tablets can all usually in washing and Builders used in cleaning agents, in particular zeolites, Silicates, carbonates, organic cobuilders and - where no ecological prejudices against their use persists - including the phosphates.

Suitable crystalline, layered sodium silicates have the general formula NaMSi _x O _{2x + 1} .H ₂ O, where M is sodium or hydrogen, x is a number from 1.9 to 4 and y is a number from 0 to 20 and preferred values for x 2, 3 or 4. Such crystalline layered silicates are described, for example, in European patent application EP-A-0 164 514. Preferred crystalline layered silicates of the formula given are those in which M represents sodium and x assumes the values 2 or 3. In particular, both β- and δ-sodium disilicate Na ₂ Si ₂ O ₅ .yH ₂ O are preferred, wherein β-sodium disilicate can be obtained, for example, by the method described in international patent application WO-A-91/08171.

Amorphous sodium silicates with a modulus Na ₂ O: SiO ₂ of 1: 2 to 1: 3.3, preferably from 1: 2 to 1: 2.8 and in particular from 1: 2 to 1: 2.6, can also be used are delayed in dissolving and have secondary washing properties. The delay in dissolution compared to conventional amorphous sodium silicates can be caused in various ways, for example by surface treatment, compounding, compacting / compression or by overdrying. In the context of this invention, the term “amorphous” is also understood to mean “X-ray amorphous”. This means that the silicates in X-ray diffraction experiments do not provide sharp X-ray reflections, as are typical for crystalline substances, but at most one or more maxima of the scattered X-rays, which have a width of several degree units of the diffraction angle. However, it can very well lead to particularly good builder properties if the silicate particles deliver washed-out or even sharp diffraction maxima in electron diffraction experiments. This is to be interpreted as meaning that the products have microcrystalline areas of size 10 to a few hundred nm, values up to max. 50 nm and in particular up to max. 20 nm are preferred. Such so-called X-ray amorphous silicates, which also have a delay in dissolution compared to conventional water glasses, are described, for example, in German patent application DE-A-44 00 024. Compacted / compacted amorphous silicates, compounded amorphous silicates and over-dried X-ray amorphous silicates are particularly preferred.

The finely crystalline, synthetic and bound water-containing zeolite used is preferably zeolite A and / or P. As zeolite P, zeolite MAP® (commercial product from Crosfield) is particularly preferred. However, zeolite X and mixtures of A, X and / or P are also suitable. Commercially available and can preferably be used in the context of the present invention, for example a co-crystallizate of zeolite X and zeolite A (about 80% by weight of zeolite X) ), developed by CONDEA Augusta S. p. A. is sold under the brand name VEGOBOND AX® and through the formula

n Na ₂ O. (1-n) K ₂ O. Al ₂ O _3. (2-2.5) SiO _2. (3.5-5.5) H ₂ O

can be described. The zeolite can be used both as a builder in one granular compound used, as well as a kind of "powdering" of the entire pressing mixture are used, usually both ways to Incorporation of the zeolite into the premix can be used. Suitable zeolites have an average particle size of less than 10 µm (volume distribution; measurement method: Coulter Counter) and preferably contain 18 to 22% by weight, in particular 20 to 22 % By weight of bound water.  

It goes without saying that the generally known phosphates are also used as Builder substances possible, provided that such use is not for ecological reasons should be avoided. The sodium salts are particularly suitable Orthophosphate, the pyrophosphate and especially the tripolyphosphate.

Useful organic builders are, for example, those in the form of their sodium salts usable polycarboxylic acids, such as citric acid, adipic acid, succinic acid, Glutaric acid, tartaric acid, sugar acids, aminocarboxylic acids, nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), if such use is not objectionable for ecological reasons, and Mixtures of these. Preferred salts are the salts of polycarboxylic acids such as Citric acid, adipic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, tartaric acid, sugar acids and Mixtures of these.

The production of washable and cleaning-active moldings is done by using Pressure on a mixture to be pressed, which is located in the cavity of a press. in the simplest case of molded article production, which subsequently simplifies tableting is called, the mixture to be tabletted directly, i. H. without previous Granulation pressed. The advantages of this so-called direct tableting are its simple and cost-effective application, since no further process steps and consequently also no further systems are required. However, these advantages also have disadvantages across from. For example, a powder mixture that is to be tabletted directly must have a have sufficient plastic deformability and good flow properties, it can also be used during storage, transportation and filling of the die show no tendency towards segregation. These three requirements are common to many Mixtures of substances are extremely difficult to master, so that the Direct tableting especially in the manufacture of washing and Detergent tablets are not used often. The usual way to make Detergent tablets are therefore based on powdered components ("Primary particles"), which by means of suitable processes to secondary particles with higher Particle diameter can be agglomerated or granulated. These granules or mixtures different granules are then made with individual powdered additives mixed and fed to the tableting.  

The present invention therefore also relates to a method for producing Detergent tablets, characterized by the steps

• a) Production of alkylbenzenesulfonate compounds with alkylbenzenesulfonate contents above 40% by weight, based on the compound,
• b) Mixing with other processing components to a compressible Premix,
• c) pressing into shaped bodies.

In the method according to the invention, too, it is preferred that the steps a) alkylbenzenesulfonate compounds produced alkylbenzenesulfonate contents above 50 % By weight, preferably above 60% by weight and in particular above 70% by weight, based on the compound.

The ABS compounds in step a) are produced using customary methods, whereby production by granulation, preferably fluidized bed granulation, is preferred. Starting materials for the production of ABS compounds can include both the ABS Pastes as well as the free ABSS. For process economy reasons, it is preferred to neutralize the ABSS only when producing the ABS compounds, because on in this way the water content to be dried away later is reduced. For neutralization For example, alkaline solids onto which the ABSS is sprayed, or serve aqueous alkalis. In the latter case, ABSS and alkali are sprayed on on moving solid beds made of carrier material. But it is also possible to use acid and alkali to mix with compressed air in a hollow chamber nozzle and to neutralize at the same time and spray.

Preferred washing and Detergent tablets are made by pressing a particulate premix from at least one surfactant-containing granulate and at least one subsequently admixed powdery component obtained. The production of surfactants Granules can be processed using conventional technical granulation processes such as compacting, Extrusion, mixer granulation, pelleting or fluidized bed granulation take place. It is advantageous for the later detergent tablets, if that too  Compressing premix has a bulk density that is more usual Compact detergent comes close. In particular, it is preferred that in step b) an or incorporated several surfactant granules as processing components in the premix and the particulate premix has a bulk density of at least 500 g / l, preferably has at least 600 g / l and in particular at least 700 g / l.

When using the preferred manufacturing method, it is a particularly preferred one Variant if the or at least one of the surfactant granules (s) alkylbenzenesulfonates contains. In preferred process variants, the granules containing surfactant are also sufficient certain particle size criteria. Thus methods according to the invention are preferred for which the surfactant-containing granules particle sizes between 100 and 2000 microns, preferably between 200 and 1800 µm, particularly preferably between 400 and 1600 µm and in particular between 600 and 1400 microns.

In addition to the active substances (ABS and possibly other anionic and / or nonionic and / or cationic and / or amphoteric surfactants) contain the surfactant granules preferably also carriers, which are particularly preferably from the group of builders come. Particularly advantageous methods are characterized in that the Contains surfactant-containing granules containing anionic and / or nonionic surfactants and builders and total surfactant contents of at least 10% by weight, preferably at least 20% by weight % and in particular at least 25% by weight.

As mentioned above, it is for the practice of the present invention irrelevant whether the ABS compounds with the surfactant granules and others Treatment components mixed, d. H. added to the premix, or whether they are already fully used in the manufacture of the surfactant granules. Preferred methods according to the invention are characterized in that the Granules containing surfactant with the addition of all or part of the amount in step a) produced alkylbenzenesulfonate compounds with alkylbenzenesulfonate contents above 40 % By weight, based on the compound, was produced. Here again it is preferred if at least 20 wt .-%, preferably at least 30 wt .-% and in particular at least 40% by weight of the total contained in the moldings  Alkylbenzenesulfonate in the form of the alkylbenzenesulfonate prepared in step a) Compounds is introduced into the molded body.

In this way, for example, surfactant granules can be produced that contain a part of them contained ABS in the form of ABS compounds, while the other part of the ABS in another form, for example by spraying ABSS into the Granular surfactant arrives. If such surfactant granules are produced, it is with Production of the premix is no longer necessary, additional quantities of ABS compound to admit. Of course, the total amount of ABS in Surfactant granules come from ABS compounds or the surfactant granules are completely free of ABS compounds. The only thing essential to the invention is that what is to be pressed Premix and thus the detergent tablets with ABS compound ABS contents above 40% by weight, based on the compound.

Before pressing the particulate premix to wash and The pre-mix with fine particles can form detergent tablets Surface treatment agents are "powdered". This can affect the texture and physical properties of both the premix (storage, pressing) and of the finished detergent tablets can be advantageous. Finely divided Powdering agents are well known in the prior art, mostly zeolites, silicates or other inorganic salts can be used. However, the premix is preferred "powdered" with finely divided zeolite, faujasite type zeolites being preferred. in the In the context of the present invention, the term “zeolite of the faujasite type” characterizes all three zeolites that form the faujasite subgroup of zeolite structure group 4 (Compare Donald W. Breck: "Zeolite Molecular Sieves", John Wiley & Sons, New York, London, Sydney, Toronto, 1974, page 92). In addition to the zeolite X, there are also zeolite Y and faujasite and mixtures of these compounds can be used, the pure zeolite X is preferred.

Mixtures or cocrystallizates of zeolites of the faujasite type with others Zeolites, which do not necessarily have to belong to the zeolite structure group 4, are as Powdering agent can be used, it being advantageous if at least 50% by weight of the Powdering agent consist of a zeolite of the faujasite type.  

In the context of the present invention, detergent tablets are shaped preferred, which consist of a particulate premix, the granular Contains components and subsequently mixed powdery substances, the or one of the subsequently mixed powdered components a zeolite from faujasite Type with particle sizes below 100 µm, preferably below 10 µm and in particular is below 5 µm and is at least 0.2% by weight, preferably at least 0.5% by weight and makes up in particular more than 1% by weight of the premix to be pressed.

In addition to the ingredients mentioned surfactant, builder and disintegration aid, or on in their place, the premixes to be compressed and thus the inventive ones Detergent tablets are more common in detergents Ingredients from the group of bleaching agents, bleach activators, disintegration aids, Enzymes, pH adjusting agents, fragrances, perfume carriers, fluorescent agents, dyes, Foam inhibitors, silicone oils, anti-redeposition agents, optical brighteners, Graying inhibitors, color transfer inhibitors and corrosion inhibitors included.

Among the compounds which serve as bleaching agents and supply H ₂ O ₂ in water, sodium perborate tetrahydrate and sodium perborate monohydrate are of particular importance. Further bleaching agents which can be used are, for example, sodium percarbonate, peroxypyrophosphates, citrate perhydrates and H ₂ O ₂ -producing peracid salts or peracids, such as perbenzoates, peroxophthalates, diperazelaic acid, phthaloiminoperacid or diperdodecanedioic acid. Even when using the bleaching agents, it is possible to dispense with the use of surfactants and / or builders, so that pure bleach tablets can be produced. If such bleach tablets are to be used for washing textiles, a combination of sodium percarbonate with sodium sesquicarbonate is preferred, irrespective of which other ingredients are contained in the moldings. If cleaning tablets or bleach tablets for machine dishwashing are manufactured, bleaching agents from the group of organic bleaching agents can also be used. Typical organic bleaches are the diacyl peroxides, such as. B. dibenzoyl peroxide. Other typical organic bleaching agents are peroxy acids, examples of which include alkyl peroxy acids and aryl peroxy acids.

Preferred representatives are (a) peroxybenzoic acid and its ring-substituted derivatives, such as alkyl peroxybenzoic acids, but also peroxy-α-naphthoic acid and magnesium monoperphthalate, (b) the aliphatic or substituted aliphatic peroxy acids, such as Peroxylauric acid, peroxystearic acid, ε-phthalimidoperoxycaproic acid [Phthaloiminoperoxyhexanoic acid (PAP)], o-carboxybenzamidoperoxycaproic acid, N- nonenylamidoperadipic acid and N-nonenylamidopersuccinate, and (c) aliphatic and araliphatic peroxydicarboxylic acids such as 1,12-diperoxycarboxylic acid, 1,9-diperoxyazelaine acid, diperocysebacic acid, diperoxybrassylic acid, the diperoxyphthalic acids, 2- Decyldiperoxybutane-1,4-diacid, N, N-terephthaloyl-di (6-aminopercapronic acid) can be used.

Chlorine or. Can also be used as bleaching agents in moldings for automatic dishwashing Bromine-releasing substances are used. Among the appropriate chlorine or bromine releasing materials come for example heterocyclic N-bromine and N- Chloramides, for example trichloroisocyanuric acid, tribromoisocyanuric acid, Dibromo isocyanuric acid and / or dichloroisocyanuric acid (DICA) and / or their salts with Cations such as potassium and sodium are considered. Hydantoin compounds such as 1,3-dichloro-5,5- dimethylhydanthoin are also suitable.

To be one when washing or cleaning at temperatures of 60 ° C and below To achieve improved bleaching effects, bleach activators can be used as the sole component or incorporated as an ingredient of component b). Can be used as bleach activators Compounds containing aliphatic peroxocarboxylic acids under perhydrolysis conditions preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms, in particular 2 to 4 carbon atoms, and / or optionally result in substituted perbenzoic acid can be used. Suitable substances are those that and / or N-acyl groups of the number of carbon atoms mentioned and / or optionally substituted Wear benzoyl groups. Multi-acylated alkylenediamines are preferred, in particular Tetraacetylethylenediamine (TAED), acylated triazine derivatives, especially 1,5-diacetyl-2,4- dioxohexahydro-1,3,5-triazine (DADHT), acylated glycolurils, in particular Tetraacetylglycoluril (TAGU), N-acylimides, especially N-nonanoylsuccinimide (NOSI), acylated phenol sulfonates, especially n-nonanoyl or isononanoyloxybenzene sulfonate (n- or iso-NOBS), carboxylic anhydrides, especially phthalic anhydride, acylated  polyhydric alcohols, especially triacetin, ethylene glycol diacetate and 2,5-diacetoxy 2,5-dihydrofuran.

In addition to the conventional bleach activators or in their place, too so-called bleaching catalysts can be incorporated into the moldings. With these fabrics are bleach-enhancing transition metal salts or Transition metal complexes such as Mn, Fe, Co, Ru or Mo salt complexes or carbonyl complexes. Also Mn, Fe, Co, Ru, Mo, Ti, V and Cu complexes with N- containing tripod ligands and Co, Fe, Cu and Ru amine complexes are as Bleaching catalysts can be used.

In order to facilitate the disintegration of highly compressed moldings, it is possible to Disintegration aids, so-called tablet disintegrants, to be incorporated into them in order to Shorten disintegration times. Under tablet disintegrants or disintegrators according to Römpp (9th edition, vol. 6, p. 4440) and Voigt "Textbook of pharmaceutical technology "(6th edition, 1987, pp. 182-184) understood auxiliary substances that for the rapid disintegration of tablets in water or gastric juice and for the release of the Provide pharmaceuticals in an absorbable form.

These substances, which are also known as "explosives" due to their effectiveness, increase their volume when water enters, and on the one hand increases their own volume (Swelling), on the other hand, a pressure can be generated via the release of gases which can break the tablet into smaller particles. Well-known Disintegration aids are, for example, carbonate / citric acid systems, and also other organic acids can be used. Swelling disintegration aids are, for example, synthetic polymers such as polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) or natural ones Polymers or modified natural substances such as cellulose and starch and their derivatives, Alginates or casein derivatives.

Preferred detergent tablets contain 0.5 to 10% by weight, preferably 3 to 8% by weight and in particular 4 to 6% by weight of one Disintegration aid, each based on the weight of the molded body.  

Disintegrants based on cellulose are used as preferred disintegrants in the context of the present invention, so that preferred detergent tablets have such a disintegrant based on cellulose in amounts of 0.5 to 10% by weight, preferably 3 to 8% by weight and in particular 4 contain up to 6 wt .-%. Pure cellulose has the formal gross composition (C ₆ H ₁₀ O ₅ ) _n and, formally speaking, is a β-1,4-polyacetal of cellobiose, which in turn is made up of two molecules of glucose. Suitable celluloses consist of approximately 500 to 5000 glucose units and consequently have average molecular weights of 50,000 to 500,000. Cellulose-based disintegrants which can be used in the context of the present invention are also cellulose derivatives which can be obtained from cellulose by polymer-analogous reactions. Such chemically modified celluloses include, for example, products from esterifications or etherifications in which hydroxy hydrogen atoms have been substituted. However, celluloses in which the hydroxyl groups have been replaced by functional groups which are not bound via an oxygen atom can also be used as cellulose derivatives. The group of cellulose derivatives includes, for example, alkali celluloses, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), cellulose esters and ethers and aminocelluloses.

The cellulose derivatives mentioned are preferably not used alone as disintegrants used on cellulose basis, but used in a mixture with cellulose. The salary these mixtures of cellulose derivatives is preferably below 50% by weight, particularly preferably below 20% by weight, based on the disintegrant Cellulose base. Pure is particularly preferred as the disintegrant based on cellulose Cellulose used, which is free of cellulose derivatives.

As a further disintegrant based on cellulose or as part of it Component can be used microcrystalline cellulose. This microcrystalline Cellulose is made by partial hydrolysis of celluloses under such conditions get that only the amorphous areas (about 30% of the total cellulose mass) of the Attack and completely dissolve celluloses, but the crystalline areas (approx. 70%) leave undamaged. A subsequent disaggregation by hydrolysis emerging micro-fine cellulosic supplies the microcrystalline celluloses that Have primary particle sizes of about 5 microns and, for example, to granules with a average particle size of 200 microns are compactible.  

Enzymes come from the class of proteases, lipases, amylases, cellulases or their mixtures in question. Bacterial strains or are particularly well suited Mushrooms such as Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis and Streptomyces griseus enzymatic agents. Proteases of the subtilisin type and in particular proteases obtained from Bacillus lentus are used. Are there Enzyme mixtures, for example from protease and amylase or protease and lipase or Protease and cellulase or from cellulase and lipase or from protease, amylase and Lipase or protease, lipase and cellulase, but especially cellulase-containing Mi of particular interest. Peroxidases or oxidases have also been found in some Cases proved to be suitable. The enzymes can be adsorbed on carriers and / or in Envelope substances must be embedded to protect them against premature decomposition. The amount of the enzymes, enzyme mixtures or enzyme granules in the inventive Shaped bodies can, for example, about 0.1 to 5 wt .-%, preferably 0.1 to about 2 % By weight.

In addition, the detergent tablets can also contain components contain, which positively influence the oil and fat washability from textiles (so-called soil repellents). This effect is particularly evident when a textile is soiled, which has previously been repeatedly washed with a detergent according to the invention, that contains this oil and fat-dissolving component has been washed. Among the preferred Oil- and fat-dissolving components include, for example, nonionic cellulose ethers such as Methyl cellulose and methyl hydroxypropyl cellulose with a proportion of methoxyl Groups of 15 to 30% by weight and of hydroxypropoxyl groups of 1 to 15% by weight, each based on the nonionic cellulose ether, and those from the prior art Technically known polymers of phthalic acid and / or terephthalic acid or their Derivatives, in particular polymers of ethylene terephthalates and / or Polyethylene glycol terephthalates or anionically and / or nonionically modified Derivatives of these. Of these, the sulfonated derivatives of are particularly preferred Phthalic acid and terephthalic acid polymers.

The moldings can be derivatives of diaminostilbenedisulfonic acid as optical brighteners or their alkali metal salts. Are suitable for. B. Salts of 4,4'-bis (2-anilino-4-  morpholino-1,3,5-triazinyl-6-amino) stilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid or the like Compounds which instead of the morpholino group a diethanolamino group, a Carry a methylamino group, an anilino group or a 2-methoxyethylamino group. Brighteners of the substituted diphenylstyryl type may also be present, e.g. B. the alkali salts of 4,4'-bis (2-sulfostyryl) diphenyl, 4,4'-bis (4-chloro-3-sulfostyryl) - diphenyls, or 4- (4-chlorostyryl) -4 '- (2-sulfostyryl) diphenyls. Mixtures of the aforementioned brighteners can be used.

Dyes and fragrances are the washing and Shaped detergent tablets added to the aesthetic impression of the products improve and the consumer in addition to the softness performance a visual and sensory to provide "typical and distinctive" product. As perfume oils or Fragrances can individual fragrance compounds, e.g. B. the synthetic products from Type of esters, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, alcohols and hydrocarbons used become. Fragrance compounds of the ester type are e.g. B. benzyl acetate, Phenoxyethyl isobutyrate, p-tert-butylcyclohexyl acetate, linalyl acetate, dimethylbenzyl carbinyl acetate, phenylethyl acetate, linalyl benzoate, benzyl formate, ethyl methylphenyl glycinate, allylcyclohexyl propionate, styrallyl propionate and benzyl salicylate. To the ethers include, for example, benzyl ethyl ether, the aldehydes z. B. the linear alkanals with 8- 18 carbon atoms, citral, citronellal, citronellyloxyacetaldehyde, cyclamenaldehyde, Hydroxycitronellal, Lilial and Bourgeonal, to the ketones z. B. the Jonone, ∝- Isomethyl ionone and methyl cedryl ketone, to the alcohols anethole, citronellol, eugenol, Geraniol, linalool, phenylethyl alcohol and terpineol, belong to the hydrocarbons mainly the terpenes like limes and pinene. However, mixtures are preferred different fragrances are used, which together produce an appealing fragrance. Such perfume oils can also contain natural fragrance mixtures such as those from plant sources are accessible, e.g. B. pine, citrus, jasmine, patchouly, rose or Ylang-ylang oil. Also suitable are muscatel, sage oil, chamomile oil, clove oil, Lemon balm oil, mint oil, cinnamon leaf oil, linden blossom oil, juniper berry oil, vetiver oil, Olibanum oil, galbanum oil and labdanum oil as well as orange blossom oil, neroliol, Orange peel oil and sandalwood oil.  

The dye content of the agents according to the invention is usually less than 0.01 % By weight, while fragrances make up up to 2% by weight of the total formulation can.

The fragrances can be incorporated directly into the agents according to the invention, it can but it may also be advantageous to apply the fragrances to carriers that detract from the adhesion of the Increase perfumes on the laundry and by a slower fragrance release for long-lasting fragrance of the textiles. As such carrier materials have become For example, cyclodextrins have proven themselves, with the cyclodextrin-perfume complexes additionally can be coated with other auxiliaries.

In order to improve the aesthetic impression of the agent according to the invention, you can use suitable dyes are colored. Preferred dyes, the selection of which Expert has no difficulty, have a high storage stability and Insensitivity to the other ingredients of the agent and to light as well no pronounced substantivity towards textile fibers in order not to dye them.

The moldings according to the invention are first produced by dry means Mixing of the components, which can be partially or completely pre-granulated, and on concluding information, in particular pressing into tablets, with conventional che procedures can be used. For the production of the invention The premix is molded into a so-called matrix between two stamps compacted a solid compressed. This process, briefly referred to below as Tabletting is divided into four sections: dosage, compression (elastic deformation), plastic deformation and ejection.

First, the premix is introduced into the die, the filling quantity and thus the weight and shape of the resulting molded body through the position of the lower one Stamp and the shape of the press tool can be determined. The constant one Dosage even at high molding throughputs is preferably over a volumetric dosage of the premix reached. In the further course of tableting the upper stamp touches the premix and continues to lower in the direction of the Lower stamp. With this compression, the particles of the premix become closer  pressed together, the void volume within the filling between the Stamping decreases continuously. From a certain position of the upper stamp (and from a certain pressure on the premix) the plastic deformation begins, where the particles flow together and the molded body is formed. Each according to the physical properties of the premix, part of the Premix particles are crushed and sintering occurs at even higher pressures of the premix. With increasing press speed, i.e. high throughput, the phase of elastic deformation is continuously shortened, so that the resulting Moldings can have more or less large cavities. In the last step the The finished molded article is tabletted by the lower die from the die pushed out and transported away by subsequent transport devices. To this Only the weight of the molded body is finally determined at the time, since the compacts due to physical processes (stretching, crystallographic effects, cooling etc.) can still change their shape and size.

Tableting takes place in commercially available tablet presses, which are basically or double stamps can be equipped. In the latter case, not only Upper stamp used to build up pressure, also the lower stamp moves during the Pressing process towards the upper punch, while the upper punch presses down. For Small production quantities are preferably used with eccentric tablet presses which the one or more stamps are attached to an eccentric, which in turn on one Axis is mounted with a certain rotational speed. The movement of this Press ram is comparable to the way a conventional four-stroke engine works. The Pressing can be done with an upper and lower stamp, but it can also several stamps can be attached to an eccentric disc, the number of Die holes are expanded accordingly. The throughputs of eccentric presses vary depending on the type from a few hundred to a maximum of 3000 tablets per hour.

For larger throughputs, rotary tablet presses are selected, on which one so-called die table a larger number of dies is arranged in a circle. The number of matrices varies between 6 and 55, depending on the model, with larger ones as well Matrices are commercially available. Each die on the die table is a top and Assigned lower stamp, whereby again the pressure is active only by the upper or Lower stamp, but can also be built up by both stamps. The matrix table and the stamps move about a common vertical axis, the  Stamp with the help of rail-like cam tracks during the circulation in the positions for Filling, compression, plastic deformation and ejection are brought. To the Places where there is a particularly serious increase or decrease in the stamp is necessary (filling, compacting, ejecting), these cam tracks are additional low-pressure pieces, pull-down rails and lifting tracks supported. The The die is filled via a rigidly arranged feed device so-called filling shoe, which is connected to a reservoir for the premix. The pressure on the premix is via the press paths for upper and lower punches individually adjustable, the pressure build-up by rolling the Stamp shaft heads happen on adjustable pressure rollers.

Rotary presses can also be used with two filling shoes to increase the throughput be provided, with only a semicircle to produce a tablet must become. Several are used to produce two-layer and multi-layer moldings Filling shoes arranged one behind the other without the slightly pressed first layer in front of the further filling is ejected. By appropriate process control are in this way also coated and dot tablets can be produced, which have an onion skin-like structure, in the case of the point tablets, the top of the core or the core layers are not is covered and thus remains visible. Rotary tablet presses are also or multiple tools can be equipped so that, for example, an outer circle with 50 and an inner circle with 35 holes can be used simultaneously for pressing. The Throughputs of modern rotary tablet presses are over one million tablets per Hour.

Tableting machines suitable for the purposes of the present invention are, for example available from the companies Apparatebau Holzwarth GbR, Asperg, Wilhelm Fette GmbH, Schwarzenbek, Hofer GmbH, Weil, KILIAN, Cologne, KOMAGE, Kell am See, KORSCH Pressen GmbH, Berlin, Mapag Maschinenbau AG, Bern (CH) and Courtoy N.V., Halle (BE / LU). The hydraulic double pressure press HPF, for example, is particularly suitable 630 from LAEIS, D.

The moldings can be in a predetermined spatial shape and a predetermined size are manufactured. Practically all sensibly manageable come as a room shape Configurations into consideration, for example, the training as a board, the staff or  Bar shape, cubes, cuboids and corresponding room elements with flat side surfaces as well as in particular cylindrical configurations with circular or oval Cross-section. This last embodiment covers the presentation form of the tablet up to compact cylinder pieces with a ratio of height to diameter above 1.

The portioned compacts can each be separate individual elements be formed, the predetermined dosage of the washing and / or Corresponds to detergent. But it is also possible to form compacts, the one Connect a plurality of such mass units in one compact, in particular by predetermined breaking points make it easy to separate portioned smaller units is provided. For the use of textile detergents in machines of in Europe The usual type with horizontally arranged mechanics can form the portioned Compacts as tablets, in the shape of a cylinder or cuboid, are expedient, one Diameter / height ratio in the range of about 0.5: 2 to 2: 0.5 is preferred. Commercial hydraulic presses, eccentric presses or rotary presses are suitable Devices in particular for the production of such compacts.

The spatial shape of another embodiment of the shaped body is in its dimensions the induction chamber of commercial household washing machines adapted so that the Shaped bodies can be metered directly into the induction bowl without a metering aid, where they are dissolves during the induction process. It goes without saying that the Detergent tablets easily possible via a dosing aid and within the scope of present invention preferred.

Another preferred shaped body that can be produced has a plate or panel-like structure with alternating thick long and thin short segments, so that individual segments of this "bar" at the predetermined breaking points, the short thin Display segments, can be canceled and entered into the machine. This Principle of the "bar-shaped" shaped body detergent can also be used in other geometric Shapes, for example vertical triangles, only on one side are connected alongside each other, can be realized.  

But it is also possible that the various components do not become one Tablet are pressed, but that shaped bodies are obtained which have several layers, thus have at least two layers. It is also possible that this different layers have different dissolving speeds. Out of this This may result in advantageous performance properties of the molded articles. If For example, components are contained in the moldings, which are mutually reciprocal affect negatively, so it is possible that one component is more soluble in the Integrate layer and the other component into a slower soluble layer to incorporate so that the first component has already reacted when the second in Solution goes. The layer structure of the moldings can be stacked, a dissolution process of the inner layer (s) at the edges of the molded body already then occurs when the outer layers are not yet completely dissolved, but it can also a complete covering of the inner layer (s) by the further outwards lying layer (s) can be reached, which prevents the early solution of components of the inner layer (s).

In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, a molded body consists of at least three layers, ie two outer and at least one inner layer, wherein at least one of the inner layers contains a peroxy bleach, while in the case of the stacked shaped body, the two outer layers and in the case of the shell-shaped one Shaped bodies, however, the outermost layers are free of peroxy bleach. Still is it is also possible to use peroxy bleach and any bleach activators present and / or to separate enzymes spatially from one another in a shaped body. Such multilayered moldings have the advantage that they do not have only one Induction chamber or via a metering device which is added to the wash liquor, can be used; rather, it is also possible in such cases, the molded body into the machine in direct contact with the textiles without staining would be feared by bleach and the like.

Similar effects can also be achieved by coating individual components of the detergent and cleaning agent composition to be pressed, or all of them Reach shaped body. For this purpose, the bodies to be coated can be coated with, for example  aqueous solutions or emulsions are sprayed, or via the process of Get a coating on the melt coating.

After pressing, the detergent tablets have a high stability. The breaking strength of cylindrical shaped bodies can be determined via the measured variable of the diametrical breaking load. This can be determined according to

Here σ stands for diametral fracture stress (DFS) in Pa, P is the force in N, which leads to the pressure exerted on the molded body, the break of the shaped body, D is the shaped body diameter in meters and t is the height the molded body.

Another object of the present invention is the use of Alkylbenzenesulfonate compounds with alkylbenzenesulfonate contents above 40% by weight, based on the compound, to improve hardness and disintegration speed of detergent tablets. By using the ABS compounds in Detergent tablets, the physical properties of the Moldings can be improved, as the following examples show:  

Examples

A polymer compound was produced by spray drying and served as the basis for a surfactant-containing granulate. Furthermore, a 75% ABS compound was produced in a fluidized bed by spray neutralization of 97% C _9-13 -alkylbenzenesulfonic acid with 50% NaOH. The compositions of the two compounds are shown in Table 1. The spray-dried polymer compound was granulated with other components (zeolite, fatty alcohol sulfate, NaOH, alkylbenzenesulfonic acid, nonionic surfactant, soda, silicate) in a 50 liter ploughshare mixer from Lödige. The amounts of the substances used and the order of addition to the mixer are given in Table 2. In Comparative Example V, the entire amount of alkylbenzenesulfonate was added in the form of the alkylbenzenesulfonic acid; in process E1 according to the invention, only a part of the total alkylbenzenesulfonate contained in the moldings in the form of the alkylbenzenesulfonic acid was added during the granulation, the rest of the total amount of alkylbenzenesulfonate was added directly to the premix Form of the ABS compound added. Finally, in example E2 according to the invention, only part of the total alkylbenzenesulfonate contained in the moldings in the form of alkylbenzenesulfonic acid was added during the granulation, the rest of the total amount of alkylbenzenesulfonate was added in the form of the ABS compound, in contrast to example E1, the ABS However, compound added to the granulation batch.

Table 1

Composition of the spray-dried or spray-neutralized compounds [% by weight]

Table 2

Composition of the granulation batches [g]

Following the granulation, the granules were in a fluidized bed apparatus Company Glatt at a supply air temperature of 60 ° C over a period of 30 minutes a water content of 8.0 ± 0.2 wt .-% dried. After drying Fine particles <0.6 mm and coarse particles <1.6 mm sieved. To determine the The water content of the granules was in each case 2 g of the granules at 130 ° C. for 10 minutes a device type MA 30 from Sartorius and the drying loss determined gravimetrically.

The surfactant granules E1 and E2 or V were then combined with other components Pressable premix prepared, after which the in a Korsch eccentric press  Compression into tablets (diameter: 44 mm, height: 22 mm, weight: 37.5 g) was carried out. The pressure was adjusted so that two series of moldings were obtained (E1, E2 and V or E1 ', E2' and V '), which differ in their hardness. The composition of the premixes to be pressed (and thus the shaped body) shows Table 3.

Table 3

Composition of the detergent tablets [% by weight]

The hardness of the tablets became after two days of storage by deforming the tablet measured to break, the force acting on the side surfaces of the tablet and the maximum force that the tablet withstood was determined.

To determine tablet disintegration, the tablet was placed in a beaker with water placed (600 ml of water, temperature 30 ° C) and the time to complete Tablet disintegration measured.

The experimental data are shown in Table 4:  

Table 4

Physical data of the detergent tablets

Table 4 shows that the disintegration times of detergent tablets by the use of ABS compounds according to the invention can be significantly reduced, it it is irrelevant whether the ABS compounds are added to the compressible premix or can be added during the manufacture of the surfactant granules.

Claims (19)

1. Detergent tablets made of compressed, particulate detergents and cleaning agents, characterized in that they contain alkylbenzenesulfonate compounds with alkylbenzenesulfonate contents above 40% by weight, based on the compound. 2. Detergent tablets according to claim 1, characterized in that the alkylbenzenesulfonate compounds alkylbenzenesulfonate contents above 50 % By weight, preferably above 60% by weight and in particular above 70% by weight, based on the compound. 3. Detergent tablets according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the alkylbenzenesulfonate compounds contain the alkali metal, preferably sodium salts of C _8-16 -, preferably C _9-13- alkylbenzenesulfonic acids which are derived from alkylbenzenes which have a tetralin content below 5% by weight, based on the alkylbenzene. 4. Detergent tablets according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the alkylbenzenesulfonate compounds contain the alkali metal, preferably sodium salts, of C _8-16 -, preferably C _9-13 -alkybenzenesulfonic acids, which contain 2 Phenyl isomer below 22% by weight, based on the alkylbenzenesulfonic acid. 5. Detergent tablets according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized characterized in that they contain alkylbenzenesulfonate compounds in amounts of 0.5 to 20 % By weight, preferably from 1 to 15% by weight, particularly preferably from 2 to 10% by weight and in particular from 3 to 8% by weight, in each case based on the weight of the shaped body, contain. 6. Detergent tablets according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized characterized in that they contain alkylbenzenesulfonate contents of 1 to 30% by weight,  preferably from 5 to 25% by weight and in particular from 10 to 15% by weight, in each case based on the weight of the molded body. 7. Detergent tablets according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized characterized in that they are in addition to the alkylbenzenesulfonate compounds Containing surfactant granules containing alkylbenzenesulfonate. 8. Detergent tablets according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized characterized in that at least 20 wt .-%, preferably at least 30 wt .-% and in particular at least 40% by weight of the total contained in the moldings Alkylbenzenesulfonate via the alkylbenzenesulfonate compounds in the moldings is introduced. 9. A method for producing detergent tablets, characterized by the steps

• a) preparation of alkylbenzenesulfonate compounds with alkylbenzenesulfonate contents above 40% by weight, based on the compound,
• b) mixing with further processing components to form a compressible premix,
• c) pressing into shaped bodies.

10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that those produced in step a) Alkylbenzenesulfonate compounds alkylbenzenesulfonate contents above 50% by weight, preferably above 60% by weight and in particular above 70% by weight, based on the compound. 11. The method according to any one of claims 9 or 10, characterized in that the Alkylbenzenesulfonate compounds in step a) by granulation, preferably Fluidized bed granulation. 12. The method according to any one of claims 9 to 11, characterized in that in step b) one or more surfactant granules as processing components in the premix  are incorporated and the particulate premix has a bulk density of at least 500 g / l, preferably at least 600 g / l and in particular at least 700 g / l. 13. The method according to claim 12, characterized in that the or at least one the surfactant granulate (s) contains alkylbenzenesulfonates. 14. The method according to any one of claims 12 or 13, characterized in that the Granules containing surfactants Particle sizes between 100 and 2000 microns, preferably between 200 and 1800 µm, particularly preferably between 400 and 1600 µm and in particular between 600 and 1400 microns. 15. The method according to any one of claims 12 to 14, characterized in that the Granules containing surfactants, anionic and / or nonionic surfactants and builders contains and total surfactant contents of at least 10 wt .-%, preferably at least 20% by weight and in particular at least 25% by weight. 16. The method according to any one of claims 13 to 15, characterized in that the Granules containing surfactant with the addition of all or part of the amount in step a) produced alkylbenzenesulfonate compounds with alkylbenzenesulfonate contents above 40 wt .-%, based on the compound. 17. The method according to claim 16, characterized in that at least 20 wt .-%, preferably at least 30% by weight and in particular at least 40% by weight of the total alkylbenzene sulfonate contained in the moldings in the form of the in step a) produced alkylbenzenesulfonate compounds is introduced into the shaped body. 18. The method according to any one of claims 9 to 17, characterized in that the Particulate premix additionally one or more substances from the group of Bleaching agents, bleach activators, disintegration aids, enzymes, pH adjusting agents, Fragrances, perfume carriers, fluorescent agents, dyes, foam inhibitors, silicone oils, Anti-redeposition agents, optical brighteners, graying inhibitors, Contains color transfer inhibitors and corrosion inhibitors.   19. Use of alkylbenzenesulfonate compounds with alkylbenzenesulfonate contents above 40 wt .-%, based on the compound, to improve the hardness and Disintegration rate of detergent tablets.