DE19841146A1 - Detergent tablets with binders - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to detergent shaped bodies, containing 0.25 to 10 wt. % of one or several non-tenside, water-soluble liquid binding agents. The inventive shaped bodies have advantageous technical application properties.

Description

The present invention is in the field of compact moldings, the washing and have cleaning-active properties. Such detergent tablets include, for example, detergent tablets for washing textiles, Reini moldings for machine dishwashing or cleaning hard surfaces surfaces, bleach tablets for use in washing machines or dishwashers, water softening tablets or stain remover tablets. In particular, the invention relates Detergent tablets which are used for washing textiles in a household washing machine used and briefly referred to as detergent tablets.

Detergent tablets are widely described in the prior art are becoming increasingly popular with consumers because of the simple dosage. Tableted detergents and cleaning agents have a number of powdered detergents Advantages: They are easier to dose and handle and, due to their com compact structure Advantages in storage and transport. Also in the patent literature detergent tablets are therefore comprehensively described. A problem, that with the use of washing and cleaning active moldings again and again occurs, the too slow disintegration and dissolving speed of the molded articles is among users conditions of use. Because sufficiently stable, d. H. shape and break resistant molded articles only can be produced by relatively high pressure, there is a strong Compression of the molded parts and resulting in delayed disinte gration of the shaped body in the aqueous liquor and thus to a slow release the active substances in the washing or cleaning process. The delayed disintegration of the  Shaped body has the further disadvantage that the usual detergent and cleaning agent form Do not allow the body to be washed in via the detergent dispenser of household washing machines, as the Tablets do not disintegrate into secondary particles that are small enough in a sufficiently quick time are to be washed into the washing drum from the washing-in chamber. Another pro The Friabi is a problem that occurs particularly with detergent tablets lity of the moldings or their often insufficient stability against abrasion. So can although sufficiently break-stable, d. H. hard detergent tablets made are, but often these are the strains in packaging, transport and handling, d. H. Fall and rubbing stresses, not sufficiently grown, so that edge breakage and Signs of abrasion adversely affect the appearance of the molding or even to one lead to complete destruction of the molded body structure.

To overcome the dichotomy between hardness, i. H. Transport and handling stability act, and easy disintegration of the moldings are many solutions in the prior art has been developed. A well known from the pharmacy and in the field of Detergent tablets are an extensive approach to irritation Certain disintegration aids that facilitate the access of water or upon entry swell from water or develop gas or disintegrate in another form. Ande Proposed solutions from the patent literature describe the compression of premixes certain particle sizes, the separation of individual ingredients from certain others Ingredients and the coating of individual ingredients or the entire molded body with binders.

For example, EP 687 464 (Allphamed Arzneimittel-Gesellschaft) describes effervescent tablets, the best hend from at least one active ingredient or combination of active ingredients, at least one Binders, possibly carriers such as flavors, colors, fragrances, plasticizers, Bleaches and effervescent additives, with propylene glycol or glycerin as the binder preferably in amounts of 0.004 to 2.5% by weight. Also claimed are processes for producing these effervescent tablets. According to the statements in this document a detergent effervescent tablet can also be produced with the teaching according to the invention, without the binders used causing a loss of carbon dioxide in the effervescent additives would lead.  

European patent application EP 711 828 (Unilever) describes detergent tablets, which contain surfactant (s), builders (e) and a polymer that acts as a binding and disintegrating agent on aids works. The binders disclosed in this document should be at room temperature be solid and be fed to the premix to be pressed as a melt. Preferred Binders are the higher molecular weight polyethylene glycols.

The use of solid polyethylene glycols is also in the German patent application DE 197 09 411.2 (Henkel). This document teaches synergistic effects between the Polyethylene glycols and over-dried amorphous silicates.

Solutions to the problem of the friability and abrasion stability of washing and cleaning agents Telform bodies are not disclosed in the prior art.

The present invention was based on the object of providing moldings which are characterized by short disintegration times with a given hardness and thus also by have the induction chamber of household washing machines metered. In addition to these The molded articles should have increased stability against falling and rubbing have burdens, d. H. an improved, d. H. have reduced friability and reduced have abrasion behavior.

It has now been found that the addition of non-surfactant, water-soluble, liquid Binders for detergent pre-mixes which are significantly more abrasion-resistant and considerably less friable than the previously known form body. The use of the additives mentioned influences the breaking hardness of the washing and Detergent tablets not or only to a minor extent.

The present invention relates to detergent tablets compacted particulate washing and cleaning agent, containing surfactant (s), framework substance (s) and optionally other usual detergent and cleaning agent ingredients, which, bezo to the molded body weight, 0.25 to 10% by weight of one or more non-surfactant, contain water-soluble, liquid binders.  

The term "non-surfactant binder" characterizes in the context of the present Registration binders that do not belong to the class of surfactants. "Water soluble" bandage means in the sense of the present application are binders which are at room temperature Water completely, d. H. without miscibility gap, are miscible. The term "liquid bandage finally "refers to the physical state of the binder at 25 ° C and 1013.25 mbar. Substances that only melt or soften at higher temperatures are there not usable in the context of the present invention.

Preferred amounts in which the non-surfactant, water-soluble, liquid bin The means used are within a narrow range, so preferred Detergent tablets contain a content of non-surfactant, water-soluble, liquid binders from 0.5 to 7.5 wt .-%, preferably from 0.75 to 5 wt .-% and in particular from 1 to 3% by weight, based in each case on the molding weight.

In general, according to the invention in the detergent tablets Keeping binders only have the requirement that they are at room temperature (and normal pressure) are liquid, mix completely with water and not to the substance Count the group of surfactants. The large number of binders that can be used have particularly special substances from the group of polyethylene glycols and polypropylene glycols, glycerin, Glycerine carbonate, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol and propylene carbonate as a suitable bandage proven medium.

Polyethylene glycols (abbreviation PEG) which can be used according to the invention are polymers of ethylene glycol which have the general formula I

H- (O-CH ₂ -CH ₂ ) _n -OH (I)

are sufficient, where n can have values between 1 (ethylene glycol, see below) and approx. 16. The decisive factor in evaluating whether a polyethylene glycol can be used according to the invention is the physical state of the PEG at room temperature, d. H. the freezing point of the PEG  must be below 25 ° C. Different nomenclatures exist for polyethylene glycols can lead to confusion. The specification of the mean relati is technically common ven molecular weight following the indication "PEG", so that "PEG 200" is a polyethylene glycol col characterized with a relative molar mass of approximately 190 to approximately 210. According to this noun within the scope of the present invention are the technically customary polyethylene lenglycole PEG 200, PEG 300, PEG 400 and PEG 600 can be used.

A different nomenclature is used for cosmetic ingredients, in which the abbreviation PEG is provided with a hyphen and a number follows the hyphen directly, which corresponds to the number n in the above formula I. According to this nomenclature (so-INCI nomenclature, CTFA International Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary and hand called Book, ^5th Edition, The Cosmetic, Toiletry and Fragrance Association, Washington, 1997) according to the invention, for example, PEG-4, PEG-6, PEG-8, PEG-9, PEG-10, PEG-12, PEG-14 and PEG-16 can be used according to the invention.

Polyethylene glycols are commercially available, for example, under the trade names Car bowax® PEG 200 (Union Carbide), Emkapol® 200 (ICI Americas), Lipoxol® 200 MED (HÜLS America), Polyglycol® E-200 (Dow Chemical), Alkapol® PEG 300 (Rhone-Poulenc), Lutrol® E300 (BASF) and the corresponding trade names with higher numbers.

Polypropylene glycols (abbreviation PPG) which can be used according to the invention are polymers of propylene glycol which have the general formula II

are sufficient, where n values can be between 1 (propylene glycol, see below) and approx. 12. Technically important here are in particular di-, tri- and tetrapropylene glycol, i.e. H. the ver treads with n = 2, 3 and 4 in formula II.  

Glycerin is a colorless, clear, difficult to move, odorless, sweet-tasting hygroscopic liquid of density 1.261 that solidifies at 18.2 ° C. Glycerin was originally only a by-product of fat saponification, but is now technically synthesized in large quantities. Most of the technical processes are based on propene, which is processed into glycerol via the intermediate stages alkyl chloride, epichlorohydrin. Another technical process is the hydroxylation of allyl alcohol with hydrogen peroxide at the WO ₃ contact via the glycide stage.

Glycerol carbonate can be obtained by transesterification of ethylene carbonate or dimethyl carbonate with glycerin, ethylene glycol or methanol being obtained as by-products. Another synthetic route starts from glycidol (2,3-epoxy-1-propanol), which is converted under pressure in the presence of catalysts with CO ₂ to form glycerol carbonate. Glycerol carbonate is a clear, easily movable liquid with a density of 1.398 gcm ^-3 , which boils at 125-130 ° C (0.15 mbar).

Ethylene glycol (1,2-ethanediol, "glycol") is a colorless, viscous, sweet-tasting, strong hygroscopic liquid which is miscible with water, alcohols and acetone and a Density of 1.113. The freezing point of ethylene glycol is -11.5 ° C, the Liquid boils at 198 ° C. Technically, ethylene glycol is made from ethylene oxide by heating obtained with water under pressure. Promising manufacturing processes can also be used on the acetoxylation of ethylene and subsequent hydrolysis or on synthesis gas Build reactions.

There are two isomers of propylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol and 1,2-propanediol. 1,3-propanediol (trimethylene glycol) is a neutral, colorless and odorless, sweet tasting Liquid with a density of 1.0597, which solidifies at -32 ° C and boils at 214 ° C. The production 1,3-propanediol is obtained from acrolein and water with subsequent catalytic Hy dration.

Technically far more important is 1,2-propanediol (propylene glycol), which is an oily, colorless, almost odorless liquid, density 1.0381, which solidifies at -60 ° C and at 188 ° C boils. 1,2-propanediol is made from propylene oxide by adding water.  

Propylene carbonate is a water-bright, easily movable liquid with a density of 1.2057 gcm ^-3 , the melting point is -49 ° C, the boiling point is 242 ° C. Propylene carbonate is also available on an industrial scale by reaction of propylene oxide and CO ₂ at 200 ° C and 80 bar.

In addition to the non-surfactant, water-soluble, liquid bin used according to the invention detergents, the detergent tablets contain surfactant (s) and framework substance (s) and optionally other usual ingredients of detergents and cleaning agents. Other ingredients in the detergent tablets according to the invention can be used, for example, disintegration aids, bleaches, Bleach activators, enzymes, dyes and fragrances, optical brighteners, polymers, foam ingredients bitters etc.

The washing and cleaning according to the invention can be used to develop the washing performance medium-shaped surface-active substances from the group of anionic, nonioni contain, zwitterionic or cationic surfactants, with anionic surfactants economic reasons and because of their range of services are clearly preferred.

Anionic surfactants used are, for example, those of the sulfonate and sulfate type. The surfactants of the sulfonate type are preferably C _9-13 -alkylbenzenesulfonates, olefin sulfonates, ie mixtures of allene and hydroxyalkanesulfonates and disulfates such as are obtained, for example, from C _12-18 monoolefins with an end or internal double bond by sulfonation Gaseous sulfur trioxide and subsequent alkaline or acidic hydrolysis of the sulfonation products. Also suitable are alkanesulfonates obtained from C _12-18 alkanes, for example by sulfochlorination or sulfoxidation with subsequent hydrolysis or neutralization. Likewise, the esters of α-sulfofatty acids (ester sulfonates), e.g. B. the α-sulfonated methyl ester of hydrogenated coconut, palm kernel or tallow fatty acids.

Other suitable anionic surfactants are sulfonated fatty acid glycerol esters. Under fatty acid glyceri nests are to be understood as the mono-, di- and triesters and their mixtures, as they are with the Manufactured by esterification of a monoglycerin with 1 to 3 moles of fatty acid or  the transesterification of triglycerides with 0.3 to 2 mol of glycerol can be obtained. Preferred sulfated fatty acid glycerol esters are the sulfonation products of saturated fatty acids with 6 up to 22 carbon atoms, for example caproic acid, caprylic acid, capric acid, myri stic acid, lauric acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid or behenic acid.

As alk (en) yl sulfates, the alkali and especially the sodium salts of sulfuric acid are half-esters of C ₁₂ -C ₁₈ fatty alcohols, for example from coconut oil alcohol, tallow fatty alcohol, lauryl, myristyl, cetyl or stearyl alcohol or the C ₁₀ -C ₂₀ - Oxo alcohols and those half esters of secondary alcohols of this chain length are preferred. Also preferred are alk (en) yl sulfates of the chain length mentioned, which contain a synthetic, petrochemical-based, straight-chain alkyl radical which has a degradation behavior similar to that of the adequate compounds based on oleochemical raw materials. The C ₁₂ -C ₁₆ alkyl sulfates and C ₁₂ -C ₁₅ alkyl sulfates as well as C ₁₄ -C ₁₅ alkyl sulfates are preferred from the point of view of washing technology. 2,3-Alkyl sulfates, which are produced, for example, according to US Pat. Nos. 3,234,258 or 5,075,041 and can be obtained as commercial products from the Shell Oil Company under the name DAN®, are also suitable anionic surfactants.

The sulfuric acid monoesters of the straight-chain or branched C _7-12 alcohols ethoxylated with 1 to 6 moles of ethylene oxide, such as 2-methyl-branched C _9-11 alcohols with an average of 3.5 moles of ethylene oxide (EO) or C _{12 18} fatty alcohols with 1 to 4 EO are suitable. Because of their high foaming behavior, they are used in cleaning agents only in relatively small amounts, for example in amounts of 1 to 5% by weight.

Other suitable anionic surfactants are also the salts of alkylsulfosuccinic acid, which are also referred to as sulfosuccinates or as sulfosuccinic acid esters and which are monoesters and / or diesters of sulfosuccinic acid with alcohols, preferably fatty alcohols and especially ethoxylated fatty alcohols. Preferred sulfosuccinates contain C _8-18 fatty alcohol residues or mixtures thereof. Particularly preferred sulfosuccinates contain a fatty alcohol residue, which is derived from ethoxylated fatty alcohols, which in themselves are nonionic surfactants (description see below). Again, sulfosuccinates whose fatty alcohol residues are derived from ethoxylated fatty alcohols with a narrow homolog distribution are particularly preferred. It is also possible to use alk (en) ylsuccinic acid with preferably 8 to 18 carbon atoms in the alk (en) yl chain or salts thereof.

Soaps are particularly suitable as further anionic surfactants. Suitable are ge saturated fatty acid soaps, such as the salts of lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearin acid, hydrogenated erucic acid and behenic acid and in particular from natural fatty acids, e.g. B. coconut, palm kernel or tallow fatty acids, derived soap mixtures.

The anionic surfactants including the soaps can be in the form of their sodium, potassium or ammonium salts and as soluble salts of organic bases, such as mono-, di- or triet hanolamine. The anionic surfactants are preferably in the form of their sodium or potassium salts, especially in the form of the sodium salts.

In the context of the present invention, detergent tablets are before that 5 to 50 wt .-%, preferably 7.5 to 40 wt .-% and particularly 10 to 20 % By weight of anionic surfactant (s), based in each case on the weight of the shaped body.

When selecting the anionic surfactants that are used in the washing and cleaning agents according to the invention moldings are used, freedom of formulation is not an issue framework conditions in the way. Preferred detergent tablets however, have a soap content of 0.2% by weight, based on the total amount weight of the molded body. Anionic surfactants to be used with preference the alkyl benzene sulfonates and fatty alcohol sulfates, with preferred washing and cleaning medium shaped body 2 to 20 wt .-%, preferably 2.5 to 15 wt .-% and in particular 5 to 10 wt .-% fatty alcohol sulfate (s), each based on the weight of the molded part.

Preferred nonionic surfactants are alkoxylated, advantageously ethoxylated, in particular primary alcohols with preferably 8 to 18 carbon atoms and an average of 1 up to 12 moles of ethylene oxide (EO) per mole of alcohol in which the alcohol residue is linear or can preferably be methyl-branched in the 2-position or linear and methyl-branched May contain residues in the mixture, as they are usually present in oxo alcohol residues.  

In particular, however, alcohol ethoxylates with linear residues from alcohols native origin with 12 to 18 carbon atoms, for. B. from coconut, palm, tallow or oleyl alcohol, and an average of 2 to 8 EO per mole of alcohol preferred. The preferred ethoxylated alcohols include, for example, C _12-14 alcohols with 3 EO or 4 EO, C _9-11 alcohol with 7 EO, C _13-15 alcohols with 3 EO, 5 EO, 7 EO or 8 EO, C _12-18 alcohols with 3 EO, 5 EO or 7 EO and mixtures thereof, such as mixtures of C _12-14 alcohol with 3 EO and C _12-18 alcohol with 5 EO. The degrees of ethoxylation given represent statistical averages, which can be an integer or a fraction for a specific product. Preferred alcohol ethoxylates have a narrow homolog distribution (narrow range ethoxylates, NRE). In addition to these nonionic surfactants, fatty alcohols with more than 12 EO can also be used. Examples include tallow fatty alcohol with 14 EO, 25 EO, 30 EO or 40 EO.

Another class of preferred nonionic surfactants, either as the sole nonionic surfactant or used in combination with other nonionic surfactants are, are alkoxylated, preferably ethoxylated or ethoxylated and propoxylated fat acid alkyl esters, preferably having 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain, in particular Fatty acid methyl esters, as described, for example, in Japanese patent application JP 58/217598 are described or preferably according to the international Pa The method described in WO-A-90/13533 can be produced.

Another class of nonionic surfactants that can be used advantageously are the alkyl polyglycosides (APG). Alkypolyglycosides that can be used satisfy the general formula RO (G) _z , in which R denotes a linear or branched, in particular methyl-branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic radical having 8 to 22, preferably 12 to 18, carbon atoms and G is the symbol which stands for a glycose unit with 5 or 6 carbon atoms, preferably for glucose. The degree of glycosidation z is between 1.0 and 4.0, preferably between 1.0 and 2.0 and in particular between 1.1 and 1.4.

Linear alkyl polyglucosides, ie alkyl polyglycosides, in which the polyglycosyl radical is a glucose radical and the alkyl radical is an n-alkyl radical.  

The detergent tablets according to the invention can preferably be alkyl Contain polyglycosides, with APG contents of the molded body being above 0.2% by weight on the entire molded body, are preferred. Particularly preferred washing and cleaning molded article bodies contain APG in amounts of 0.2 to 10% by weight, preferably 0.2 up to 5% by weight and in particular from 0.5 to 3% by weight.

Also nonionic surfactants of the amine oxide type, for example N-cocoalkyl-N, N- dimethylamine oxide and N-tallow alkyl-N, N-dihydroxyethylamine oxide, and the fatty acid alkano lamides can be suitable. The amount of these nonionic surfactants is preferably not more than that of the ethoxylated fatty alcohols, especially not more than half there of.

Other suitable surfactants are polyhydroxy fatty acid amides of the formula (III),

in the RCO stands for an aliphatic acyl radical with 6 to 22 carbon atoms, R ¹ for hydrogen, an alkyl or hydroxyalkyl radical with 1 to 4 carbon atoms and [Z ] for a linear or branched polyhydroxyalkyl radical with 3 to 10 carbon atoms and 3 to 10 hydroxyl groups . The polyhydroxy fatty acid amides are known substances which can usually be obtained by reductive amination of a reducing sugar with ammonia, an alkylamine or an alkanolamine and subsequent acylation with a fatty acid, a fatty acid alkyl ester or a fatty acid chloride.

The group of polyhydroxy fatty acid amides also includes compounds of the formula (IV)

in which R represents a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl radical having 7 to 12 carbon atoms, R ^{1 represents} a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl radical or an aryl radical having 2 to 8 carbon atoms and R ^{2 represents} a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl radical or Aryl radical or an oxy-alkyl radical having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, C _1-4 alkyl or phenyl radicals being preferred and [Z] representing a linear polyhydroxyalkyl radical whose alkyl chain is substituted by at least two hydroxyl groups, or alkoxylated, preferably ethoxylated or propylated derivatives of this residue.

[Z] is preferably obtained by reductive amination of a reduced sugar, at for example glucose, fructose, maltose, lactose, galactose, mannose or xylose. The N- Alkoxy- or N-aryloxy-substituted compounds can then, for example, according to the Teaching of the international application WO-A-95/07331 by reaction with fatty acids thylesters in the presence of an alkoxide as a catalyst in the desired polyhydroxy fat acid amides are transferred.

In addition to the washing-active substances, builders are the most important ingredients of Detergents and cleaning agents. In the washing and cleaning agents according to the invention Shaped bodies can all be used in washing and cleaning agents Builders may be included, in particular thus zeolites, silicates, carbonates, organic co builder and - where there are no ecological prejudices against their use - also the Phosphates. The builders mentioned can also be used in surfactant-free moldings are, so that it is possible according to the invention to produce moldings which entail water hardening or as bleach tablets.

Suitable crystalline, layered sodium silicates have the general formula NaMSi _x O _{2x + 1} .H ₂ O, where M is sodium or hydrogen, x is a number from 1.9 to 4 and y is a number from 0 to 20 and preferred values for x 2, 3 or 4. Such crystalline layered silicates are described, for example, in European patent application EP-A-0 164 514. Preferred crystalline layered silicates of the formula given are those in which M represents sodium and x assumes the values 2 or 3. In particular, both β- and δ-sodium disilicate Na ₂ Si ₂ O ₅ .yH ₂ O are preferred, wherein β-sodium disilicate can be obtained, for example, by the method described in international patent application WO-A-91/08171.

Amorphous sodium silicates with a modulus Na ₂ O: SiO ₂ of 1: 2 to 1: 3.3, preferably from 1: 2 to 1: 2.8 and in particular from 1: 2 to 1: 2.6, can also be used are delayed release and have secondary washing properties. The delay in dissolution compared to conventional amorphous sodium silicates can be caused in various ways, for example by surface treatment, compounding, compaction / compression or by overdrying. In the context of this invention, the term “amorphous” is also understood to mean “X-ray amorphous”. This means that the silicates in X-ray diffraction experiments do not provide sharp X-ray reflections as are typical for crystalline substances, but at most one or more maxima of the scattered X-ray radiation which have a width of several degree units of the diffraction angle. However, it can very well lead to particularly good builder properties if the silicate particles deliver washed-out or even sharp diffraction maxima in electron diffraction experiments. This is to be interpreted as meaning that the products have microcrystalline areas of size 10 to a few hundred nm, values up to max. 50 nm and in particular up to max. 20 nm are preferred. Such so-called X-ray amorphous silicates, which also have a delay in dissolving compared to conventional water glasses, are described, for example, in German patent application DE-A-44 00 024. Especially preferred are compacted / compacted amorphous silicates, compounded amorphous silicates and over-dried X-ray amorphous silicates.

The finely crystalline, synthetic and bound water-containing zeolite used is preferably zeolite A and / or P. As zeolite P, zeolite MAP® (commercial product from Crosfield) is particularly preferred. However, zeolite X and mixtures of A, X and / or P are also suitable. Commercially available and can preferably be used in the context of the present invention, for example a co-crystallizate of zeolite X and zeolite A (approx. 80% by weight zeolite X), which is sold by CONDEA Augusta SpA under the brand name VEGOBOND AX® and by the formula

n Na ₂ O. (1-n) K ₂ O. Al ₂ O _3. (2-2.5) SiO _2. (3.5-5.5) H ₂ O

can be described. The zeolite can be used both as a builder in a granular Compound used, as well as a kind of "powdering" of the whole to be pressed Mixture can be used, usually both ways to wrong corporation of the zeolite be used in the premix. Suitable zeolites have an average particle size of less than 10 µm (volume distribution; measurement method: Coulter Counter) up and down preferably 18 to 22% by weight, in particular 20 to 22% by weight, of bound water.

It goes without saying that the generally known phosphates are also used as buildersub punching possible, provided that such use is not avoided for ecological reasons should be. The sodium salts of orthophosphates, pyro, are particularly suitable phosphates and especially the tripolyphosphates.

Useful organic builders are, for example, those in the form of their sodium salts usable polycarboxylic acids, such as citric acid, adipic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, Tartaric acid, sugar acids, aminocarboxylic acids, nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), if such a ger use for ecological reasons is not objectionable, as well as mixtures of the sen. Preferred salts are the salts of polycarboxylic acids such as citric acid, adipic acid, Succinic acid, glutaric acid, tartaric acid, sugar acids and mixtures of these.

The production of washable and cleaning-active moldings is done by using Pressure on a mixture to be pressed, which is located in the cavity of a press. in the Simplest case of the production of molded articles, which in the following simplifies tableting is called, the mixture to be tabletted directly, i. H. without previous granulation pressed. The advantages of this so-called direct tableting are its simple and cost Favorable application, since there are no further process steps and therefore no long steps systems are required. However, these advantages are offset by disadvantages. So a powder mixture that is to be tabletted directly must have a sufficient plastic ver possess formability and have good flow properties Storage, transport and filling of the die have no tendency to separate demonstrate. These three requirements are only extraordinary for many substance mixtures  difficult to master, so that the direct tableting especially in the manufacture of Detergent tablets are not often used. The usual way to get here The position of detergent and cleaning tablets therefore goes from powdered compo nenten ("primary particles"), which by means of suitable processes to secondary particles with high Rem particle diameter agglomerated or granulated. These granules or gemi Different granules are then mixed with individual powdery additives mixed and fed to the tableting.

The present invention therefore also relates to a method for producing Detergent tablets by molding a particle shaped premix, in which the premix before pressing 0.25 to 10 wt .-%, preferably 0.5 to 7.5% by weight, particularly preferably 0.75 to 5% by weight and in particular dere 1 to 3 wt .-%, one or more non-surfactant, water-soluble, liquid bandage medium, based in each case on the premix.

Also in the process according to the invention are non-surfactant, water-soluble, liquid Binder one or more substances from the group of polyethylene glycols and polypropy lenglycole, glycerin, glycerine carbonate, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol and propylene carbonate prefers.

Preferred detergent tablets in the context of the present invention are obtained by compressing a particulate premix of at least one surfactant containing granules and at least one subsequently mixed powdered compo received nente. The production of the surfactant-containing granules can be done by conventional technology cal granulation processes such as compacting, extrusion, mixer granulation, pelleting or fluidized bed granulation. It is there for the later washing and cleaning molded article is advantageous if the premix to be pressed has a bulk density has that comes close to the usual compact detergent. In particular, it is preferred that the particulate premix contains surfactant-containing granulate (s) and a bulk weight of at least 500 g / l, preferably at least 600 g / l and in particular at least 700 g / l.  

The granules containing the surfactant also suffice in certain preferred process variants Particle size criteria. Methods according to the invention are preferred in which the th granules containing particles particle sizes between 100 and 2000 μm, preferably between 200 and 1800 µm, particularly preferably between 400 and 1600 µm and in particular between 600 and 1400 µm.

In addition to the active substances (anionic and / or nonionic and / or cationic and / or amphoteric surfactants) the surfactant granules preferably also contain carriers, which particularly preferably come from the group of builders. Particularly advantageous Processes are therefore characterized in that the surfactant-containing granules are anionic and / or nonionic surfactants and builders and total surfactant content of at least 10% by weight, preferably at least 20% by weight and in particular at least 25% by weight.

Before pressing the particulate premix into detergent and cleaning agent The premix can be shaped with finely divided surface treatment agents be "powdered". This can affect the nature and physical properties of the premix (storage, pressing) as well as the finished washing and cleaning molded article may be advantageous. Finely divided powdering agents are known in the art Well-known technology, mostly zeolites, silicates or other inorganic salts be set. However, the premix is preferably "powdered" with finely divided zeolite, faujasite type zeolites are preferred. Within the scope of the present invention The term "faujasite-type zeolite" denotes all three zeolites that the faujasite Form subgroup of zeolite structure group 4 (compare Donald W. Breck: "Zeolite Molecular Sieves ", John Wiley & Sons, New York, London, Sydney, Toronto, 1974, page 92). In addition to the zeolite X, there are also zeolite Y and faujasite and mixtures of these Compounds can be used, the pure zeolite X being preferred.

Mixtures or cocrystallizates of faujasite-type zeolites with other zeolites then, which do not necessarily have to belong to the zeolite structure group 4, are as an epidermis can be used, it being advantageous if at least 50% by weight of the powder consist of a zeolite of the faujasite type.  

In the context of the present invention, detergent tablets are before moves, which consist of a particulate premix, the granular components and subsequently contains powdered substances, the or one of which subsequently admixed powdered components a zeolite of the faujasite type with particle size is below 100 µm, preferably below 10 µm and in particular below 5 µm and at least 0.2% by weight, preferably at least 0.5% by weight and in particular more than 1 Makes up% by weight of the premix to be pressed.

In addition to the ingredients mentioned surfactant, builder and disintegration aid, or on in their place, the premixes to be compressed and thus the inventive ones Detergent tablets are more common in detergents Ingredients from the group of disintegration aids, bleaching agents, bleach activators, Enzymes, pH regulators, fragrances, perfume carriers, fluorescent agents, dyes, foam inhibitors, silicone oils, anti-redeposition agents, optical brighteners, graying inhibitors, Color transfer inhibitors and corrosion inhibitors included.

To facilitate the disintegration of highly compressed moldings, it is possible to disintegrate tools, so-called tablet disintegrants, to incorporate into them to reduce the disintegration times shorten. Tablet disintegrants or accelerators of disintegration are used according to Römpp (9th edition, vol. 6, p. 4440) and Voigt "Textbook of pharmaceutical technology" (6th edition, 1987, pp. 182-184) understood auxiliary substances necessary for the rapid disintegration of tablets in water or gastric juice and for the release of the pharmaceuticals in absorbable form gene.

These substances, which are also referred to as "explosives" due to their effect, ver increase their volume when water enters, and on the one hand increases their own volume (Swelling), on the other hand a pressure can also be generated via the release of gases, which breaks the tablet into smaller particles. Well-known disintegration aids are for example carbonate / citric acid systems, with other organic acids also being used can be set. Swelling disintegration aids are, for example, synthetic  Polymers such as polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) or natural polymers or modified nature substances such as cellulose and starch and their derivatives, alginates or casein derivatives.

Preferred detergent tablets contain 0.5 to 10% by weight, preferably 1 to 5% by weight and in particular 2 to 4% by weight of a disintegration aid, each based on the weight of the molded body.

As preferred disintegrants, cellulose-based disintegrants are used in the context of the present invention, so that preferred detergents and cleaning tablets form such a cellulose-based disintegrant in amounts of 0.5 to 10% by weight, preferably 1 to 5% by weight and contain in particular 2 to 4 wt .-%. Pure cellulose has the formal gross composition (C ₆ H ₁₀ O ₅ ) _n and, formally considered, is a β-1,4-polyacetal of cellobiose, which in turn is made up of two molecules of glucose. Suitable celluloses consist of approximately 500 to 5000 glucose units and consequently have average molecular weights of 50,000 to 500,000. Cellulose-based disintegration agents which can be used in the context of the present invention are also cellulose derivatives which can be obtained from cellulose by polymer-analogous reactions. Such chemically modified celluloses include, for example, products from esterification or etherification in which hydroxy hydrogen atoms have been substituted. However, celluloses in which the hydroxyl groups have been replaced by functional groups which are not bound via an oxygen atom can also be used as cellulose derivatives. The group of cellulose derivatives includes, for example, alkali celluloses, car boxymethyl cellulose (CMC), cellulose esters and ethers and aminocelluloses.

The cellulose derivatives mentioned are preferably not used alone as disintegrants used on cellulose basis, but used in a mixture with cellulose. The salary the This mixture of cellulose derivatives is preferably below 50% by weight, particularly preferably below 20% by weight, based on the cellulose-based disintegrant. Pure cellulose is particularly preferred as the cellulose-based disintegrant sets that is free of cellulose derivatives.  

As another disintegrant based on cellulose or as a component of this component microcrystalline cellulose can be used. This microcrystalline cellulose will obtained by partial hydrolysis of celluloses under such conditions that only the attack amorphous areas (approx. 30% of the total cellulose mass) of the celluloses and become full dissolve constantly, but leave the crystalline areas (approx. 70%) undamaged. A successor provides disaggregation of the microfine celluloses resulting from the hydrolysis the microcrystalline celluloses, which have primary particle sizes of approx. 5 µm and at for example, can be compacted into granules with an average particle size of 200 μm.

Among the compounds which serve as bleaching agents and supply H ₂ O ₂ in water, sodium perborate tetrahydrate and sodium perborate monohydrate are of particular importance. Other bleaching agents that can be used are, for example, sodium percarbonate, peroxypyrophosphate, citrate perhydrates and H ₂ O ₂ -producing peracidic salts or peracids, such as perbenzoates, peroxophthalates, diperazelaic acid, phthaloiminoperic acid or diperdodecanedioic acid. Even when using the bleaching agents, it is possible to dispense with the use of surfactants and / or frameworks, so that pure bleach tablets can be produced. If such bleach tablets are to be used for washing textiles, a combination of sodium percarbonate with sodium sesquicarbonate is preferred, regardless of what other ingredients are contained in the moldings. If cleaning tablets or bleach tablets for machine dishwashing are manufactured, bleaching agents from the group of organic bleaching agents can also be used. Typical organic bleaches are the diacyl peroxides, such as. B. dibenzoyl peroxide. Other typical organic bleaching agents are peroxy acids, examples of which include alkyl peroxy acids and aryl peroxy acids. Preferred representatives are (a) the peroxybenzoic acid and its ring-substituted derivatives, such as alkylperoxybenzoic acids, but also peroxy-α-naphthoic acid and magnesium monoperphthalate, (b) the aliphatic or substituted aliphatic peroxyacids, such as peroxylauric acid, peroxystearic acid, ε-phthalimidoxythoxy acid peroxoxy acid ( PAP)], o-carboxybenzamidoperoxycaproic acid, N nonenylamidoperadipic acid and N-nonenylamidopersuccinate, and (c) aliphatic and ara lipatic peroxydicarboxylic acids, such as 1,12-diperoxycarboxylic acid, 1,9-diperoxyazelaic acid, diperocysebacinic acid, diperoxydiacidoxydoxyboxylacid, diperoxyboxylacid, , 4-diacid, N, N-terephthaloyl-di (6-aminopercapronic acid) can be used.

Chlorine or. Can also be used as bleaching agents in moldings for automatic dishwashing Bromine-releasing substances are used. Among the appropriate chlorine or bromine releasing materials come, for example, heterocyclic N-bromo- and N-chloramides, for example trichloroisocyanuric acid, tribromo isocyanuric acid, dibromo isocyanuric acid and / or Dichloroisocyanuric acid (DICA) and / or its salts with cations such as potassium and sodium in Consideration. Hydantoin compounds such as 1,3-dichloro-5,5-dimethylhydanthoin are also suitable.

To improve when washing or cleaning at temperatures of 60 ° C and below To achieve bleaching effect, bleach activators can be used as the sole component or as In Content of component b) are incorporated. As bleach activators, Verbin that prefer aliphatic peroxocarboxylic acids under perhydrolysis conditions 1 to 10 carbon atoms, in particular 2 to 4 carbon atoms, and / or optionally substituted result in perbenzoic acid. Substances that are O- and / or are suitable N-acyl groups of the number of carbon atoms mentioned and / or optionally substituted benzoyl carry groups. Multi-acylated alkylenediamines, in particular tetraace, are preferred tylethylenediamine (TAED), acylated triazine derivatives, especially 1,5-diacetyl-2,4- dioxohexahydro-1,3,5-triazine (DADHT), acylated glycolurils, especially tetraacetylgly koluril (TAGU), N-acylimides, especially N-nonanoylsuccinimide (NOSI), acylated Phe nolsulfonates, especially n-nonanoyl or isononanoyloxybenzenesulfonate (n- or iso- NOBS), carboxylic anhydrides, especially phthalic anhydride, acylated polyvalent Alcohols, especially triacetin, ethylene glycol diacetate and 2,5-diacetoxy-2,5-dihydrofuran.

In addition to the conventional bleach activators or in their place, so-called called bleaching catalysts are incorporated into the moldings. With these substances han it is bleach-enhancing transition metal salts or transition metal complexes such as for example Mn, Fe, Co, Ru or Mo salt complexes or carbonyl complexes. Also Mn, Fe, Co, Ru, Mo, Ti, V and Cu complexes with N-containing tripod ligands and Co, Fe, Cu and Ru amine complexes can be used as bleaching catalysts.  

Enzymes come from the class of proteases, lipases, amylases, cellulases or their mixtures in question. Bacterial strains or Pil are particularly suitable zen, such as Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis and Streptomyces griseus active ingredients. Proteases of the subtilisin type and in particular are preferred Proteases obtained from Bacillus lentus are used. There are enzyme mixtures gene, for example from protease and amylase or protease and lipase or protease and Cellulase or from cellulase and lipase or from protease, amylase and lipase or Pro tease, lipase and cellulase, but especially cellulase-containing mixtures of particular interest. Peroxidases or oxidases have also proven suitable in some cases grasslands. The enzymes can be adsorbed on carrier substances and / or incorporated into coating substances be bedded to protect them against premature decomposition. The proportion of enzymes, En enzyme mixtures or enzyme granules in the moldings according to the invention can be used for example, about 0.1 to 5 wt .-%, preferably 0.1 to about 2 wt .-%.

In addition, the detergent tablets can also contain components which positively influence the oil and fat washability from textiles (so-called soil repellents). This effect becomes particularly clear when a textile is soiled already several times before with a detergent according to the invention, this oil and fat sol contains sending component, was washed. Among the preferred oil and fat dissolvers Components include, for example, nonionic cellulose ethers such as methyl cellulose and Methylhydroxy-propylcellulose with a proportion of methoxyl groups of 15 to 30% by weight and on hydroxypropoxyl groups from 1 to 15% by weight, based in each case on the nonio African cellulose ether, as well as the phthalene polymers known from the prior art acid and / or terephthalic acid or their derivatives, in particular polymers Ethylene terephthalates and / or polyethylene glycol terephthalates or anionic and / or nonionically modified derivatives of these. Of these, the are particularly preferred sulfonated derivatives of phthalic acid and terephthalic acid polymers.

The moldings can be derivatives of diaminostilbenedisulfonic acid as optical brighteners or their alkali metal salts. Are suitable for. B. Salts of 4,4'-bis (2-anilino-4- morpholino-1,3,5-triazinyl-6-amino) stilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid or the like Compounds that have a diethanolamino group, a methyl, instead of the morpholino group  wear amino group, an anilino group or a 2-methoxyethylamino group. Farther brighteners of the substituted diphenylstyryl type may be present, e.g. B. the alkali salts of 4,4'-bis (2-sulfostyryl) diphenyl, 4,4'-bis (4-chloro-3-sulfostyryl) diphenyl, or 4- (4-chlorostyryl) -4 '- (2-sulfostyryl) diphenyl. Mixtures of the aforementioned brighteners can be used.

Dyes and fragrances are the detergent tablets according to the invention added to improve the aesthetic impression of the products and the consumption besides the softness performance a visually and sensory "typical and unmistakable res "product. As perfume oils or fragrances, individual odors compounds, e.g. B. the synthetic products of the type of esters, ethers, aldehydes, Ke clays, alcohols and hydrocarbons can be used. Fragrance compounds of the type the esters are e.g. B. benzyl acetate, phenoxyethyl isobutyrate, p-tert-butylcyclohexyl acetate, Li nalylacetate, dimethylbenzylcarbinylacetate, phenylethyl acetate, linalylbenzoate, benzylfor miat, ethyl methylphenyl glycinate, allyl cyclohexyl propionate, styrallyl propionate and benzyl salicylate. The ethers include, for example, benzyl ethyl ether, the aldehydes z. B. the linear alkanals with 8-18 C atoms, citral, citronellal, citronellyloxyacetaldehyde, cycla menaldehyde, hydroxycitronellal, lilial and bourgeonal, to the ketones e.g. B. the Jonone, ∝- Isomethyl ionone and methyl cedryl ketone, to the alcohols anethole, citronellol, eugenol, Geraniol, linalool, phenylethyl alcohol and terpineol, belong to the hydrocarbons mainly the terpenes like limes and pinene. However, mixtures are preferred different fragrances are used, which together produce an appealing fragrance. Such perfume oils can also contain natural fragrance mixtures, such as those derived from vegetable oils Chen sources are accessible, e.g. B. pine, citrus, jasmine, patchouly, rose or ylang Ylang oil. Also suitable are muscatel, sage oil, chamomile oil, clove oil, lemon balm oil, Mint oil, cinnamon leaf oil, linden blossom oil, juniper berry oil, vetiver oil, olibanum oil, galbanum oil and labdanum oil as well as orange blossom oil, neroliol, orange peel oil and sandalwood oil.

The dye content of the plasticizers according to the invention is usually lower 0.01% by weight, while fragrances make up up to 2% by weight of the total formulation can.  

The fragrances can be incorporated directly into the agents according to the invention, it can but it can also be advantageous to apply the fragrances to carriers that limit the adhesion of Par reinforce foams on the laundry and with a slower fragrance release for long lasting care for the scent of textiles. Cyclo, for example, have become such carrier materials dextrine has proven itself, with the cyclodextrin-perfume complexes additionally with others Auxiliaries can be coated.

In order to improve the aesthetic impression of the agent according to the invention, you can use suitable dyes are colored. Preferred dyes, their selection the subject you do not pose any difficulties, have a high storage stability and are insensitive Compared to the other ingredients of the agent and against light and no pronounced Substantivity towards textile fibers so as not to stain them.

The moldings according to the invention are first produced by dry means Mixing of the components, which can be partially or completely pre-granulated, and on concluding information, in particular pressing into tablets, whereby conventional Procedure can be used. For the production of the shaped bodies according to the invention The premix is transformed into one in a so-called die between two stamps solid grain primer compacted. This process, which will be briefly referred to below as tableting is divided into four sections: metering, compression (elastic verfor mung), plastic deformation and ejection.

First, the premix is introduced into the die, the filling quantity and thus the weight and shape of the resulting molded body through the position of the lower one Stamp and the shape of the press tool can be determined. The constant dosage even with high molded article throughputs, a volumetric dose is preferred reached the premix. The colonel touches as the tableting continues pel the premix and continues to lower in the direction of the lower punch. With this ver seal, the particles of the premix are pressed closer together, creating the hollow the volume of space within the filling between the stamps decreases continuously. From egg ner certain position of the upper stamp (and thus from a certain pressure on the Premix) begins the plastic deformation, in which the particles flow together and it  comes to the formation of the shaped body. Depending on the physical properties of the vor Mixture also crushes some of the premixed particles and it still comes up press to sinter the premix. With increasing press speed, so high throughputs, the phase of elastic deformation is shortened more and more, so that the resulting shaped bodies can have more or less large cavities. In the last step of tableting, the finished molded body is removed from the lower die the die pressed out and transported away by subsequent transport devices. To At this time, only the weight of the molded body is finally determined, since the Compacts due to physical processes (stretching, crystallographic effects, Ab cooling etc.) can still change their shape and size.

Tableting takes place in commercially available tablet presses, which are basically or double stamps can be equipped. In the latter case, not only the waiter stamp used to build up pressure, the lower stamp also moves during the press the upper stamp while the upper stamp presses down. For little ones Production quantities are preferably eccentric tablet presses, in which the or the stamps are attached to an eccentric disc, which in turn is on an axis a certain rotational speed is mounted. The movement of this ram is comparable to the way a conventional four-stroke engine works. The pressing can be done with One upper and one lower stamp are made, but several stamps can be made on one Eccentric disc can be attached, the number of die holes corresponding to it is continued. The throughputs of eccentric presses vary depending on the type from a few hundred to maximum 3000 tablets per hour.

For larger throughputs, rotary tablet presses are selected, on which a so-called ten matrix table, a larger number of matrices is arranged in a circle. The number of Matrices vary between 6 and 55 depending on the model, although larger matrices are also commercially available are available. Each die on the die table is assigned an upper and lower stamp net, whereby again the pressure is active only by the upper or lower stamp, but also can be built by both stamps. The die table and the stamps move around a common vertical axis, the stamps shining with the help like curved tracks during the circulation in the positions for filling, compression,  plastic deformation and ejection are brought. In the places where a particular the grave raising or lowering of the stamp is necessary (filling, compaction ejection), these cam tracks are reduced by additional low pressure pieces train rails and lifting tracks supported. The matrix is filled with a rigid one arranged feed device, the so-called filling shoe, with a storage container is connected for the premix. The pressing pressure on the premix is via the pressing paths individually adjustable for upper and lower punches, whereby the pressure build-up by passing roll of the stamp shaft heads happens on adjustable pressure rollers.

Rotary presses can also be equipped with two filling shoes to increase throughput be, whereby only a semicircle is run through to produce a tablet got to. Several filling shoes are used to produce two- and multi-layer molded articles arranged one behind the other without the slightly pressed first layer before further loading filling is ejected. Appropriate process control also means that and point tablets can be produced, which have an onion-shell-like structure, whereby in the case the tablet is not covering the top of the core or core layers and thus remains visible. Rotary tablet presses are also single or multiple units testify equipped, so that for example an outer circle with 50 and an inner circle with 35 holes can be used for pressing at the same time. The throughputs of modern round Tablet presses are over a million tablets per hour.

Tableting machines suitable for the purposes of the present invention are, for example available from the companies Apparatebau Holzwarth GbR, Asperg, Wilhelm Fette GmbH, Schwarzenbek, Hofer GmbH, Weil, KILIAN, Cologne, KOMAGE, Kell am See, KORSCH Pres sen GmbH, Berlin, Mapag Maschinenbau AG, Bern (CH) and Courtoy N.V., Halle (BE / LU). The hydraulic double pressure press HPF, for example, is particularly suitable 630 from LAEIS, D.

The moldings can be made in a predetermined spatial shape and size be done. Practically all sensibly manageable designs come in as the spatial form Consider, for example, the formation as a board, the rod or bar shape, cubes, Cuboid and corresponding room elements with flat side surfaces and in particular zy  linden-shaped configurations with circular or oval cross-section. This last one Design covers the form of presentation from tablets to compact cylinders pieces with a ratio of height to diameter above 1.

The portioned compacts can each be separate individual elements be formed, the predetermined dosage of detergents and / or cleaning agents corresponds. It is also possible, however, to form compacts which have a plurality of such mas Connect sen units in a compact, in particular by predetermined breaking provide the easy separability of portioned smaller units. For the Use of textile detergents in machines of the type common in Europe with horizontal arranged mechanics can the formation of the portioned compacts as tablets, in Zy Linder- or cuboid shape be appropriate, with a diameter / height ratio in the loading range from about 0.5: 2 to 2: 0.5 is preferred. Commercial hydraulic presses, Ex Center presses or rotary presses are suitable devices especially for manufacturing provision of such compacts.

The spatial shape of another embodiment of the shaped body is in its dimensions Detergent dispenser of commercial household washing machines adapted so that the shape body can be dosed directly into the induction bowl without a dosing aid, where they are dissolves during the induction process. It goes without saying that the Detergent tablets easily possible via a dosing aid and within the scope of the lying invention preferred.

Another preferred shaped body that can be produced has a plate or ta felike structure with alternating thick long and thin short segments, so that a individual segments of this "bolt" at the predetermined breaking points, which the short thin seg elements, can be canceled and entered into the machine. That prin zip of the "bar-shaped" shaped body detergent can also be used in other geometric shapes men, for example vertically standing triangles, which are only along one of their sides are connected to each other, can be realized.  

But it is also possible that the various components do not become one Tablet are pressed, but that shaped bodies are obtained which have several layers, thus have at least two layers. It is also possible that this is different NEN layers have different dissolving speeds. This can be advantageous Adhesive application properties of the moldings result. If, for example Components are contained in the moldings that have a mutually negative effect, so it is possible to integrate the one component in the more quickly soluble layer and incorporate the other component into a slower soluble layer so that the first Component has already reacted when the second goes into solution. The layer structure of the Shaped bodies can be made in a stack-like manner, with a dissolution process of the inner one Layer (s) on the edges of the molded body already takes place when the outer layers are not yet fully resolved, but it can also completely wrap the inner Layer (s) can be reached through the respective outer layer (s), which leads to prevents premature release of components of the inner layer (s).

In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, a molded body consists of min at least three layers, ie two outer and at least one inner layer, with min at least one of the inner layers contains a peroxy bleach, while at stack-shaped molded body, the two cover layers and the shell-shaped molded body however, the outermost layers are free of peroxy bleach. It is also possible Lich, peroxy bleach and any existing bleach activators and / or enzymes spatially separated from each other in a molded body. Such multilayered molded articles have the advantage that they not only have a dispensing chamber or a metering device direction that is added to the wash liquor can be used; rather it is in such cases it is also possible to place the molded body in direct contact with the textiles Machine without fear of bleaching and the like would be.

Similar effects can also be achieved by coating individual components of the to be pressed detergent composition or the entire form reach body. For this purpose, the bodies to be coated can be coated, for example, with aqueous  Solutions or emulsions are sprayed, or using the melting process get a coating.

After pressing, the detergent tablets have a high level of stability. The breaking strength of cylindrical shaped bodies can be determined via the measured variable of the diametric breaking stress. This can be determined according to

Here σ stands for diametral fracture stress (DFS) in Pa, P is the force in N, which leads to the pressure exerted on the molded body, the break of the shaped body, D is the shaped body diameter in meters and t is the height of the Molded body.

Another object of the present invention is the use of non-surfactant, Water-soluble, liquid binder in detergents and cleaners containing surfactants and builders moldings to improve the friability and reduce the abrasion of the Molded body. Through the use of non-surfactant, water-soluble, liquid binders in premixes which can be pressed into detergent tablets the physical properties of the moldings are improved, as the following Show examples.

The use of the above is also preferred in the use according to the invention substances mentioned in the amounts mentioned as preferred are particularly advantageous. Preferred Uses are therefore characterized in that 0.25 to 10 wt .-%, preferably 0.5 to 7.5% by weight, particularly preferably 0.75 to 5% by weight and in particular 1 to 3% by weight one or more non-surfactant, water-soluble, liquid binders from the group pe of polyethylene glycols and polypropylene glycols, glycerin, glycerol carbonate, ethylene glycol col, propylene glycol and propylene carbonate can be used.

Examples:

A surfactant became by granulation in a 50 liter ploughshare mixer from the company Lödige containing granules (composition see table 1), which is the basis for a part Chen premix was used. Following the granulation, the Granules in a fluidized bed apparatus from Glatt at an inlet air temperature of 60 ° C dried over a period of 30 minutes. After drying, Feinan parts <0.6 mm and coarse particles <1.6 mm sieved.

This premix was made by mixing the surfactant-containing granules with bleach, Bleach activator and other treatment components manufactured. The fiction Example E 3% by weight of glycerol was added in the preparation of the premix ben, the proportions of the other components therefore differ in percentage those of Comparative Example V that did not contain glycerin. The premixes E and V were the tablets in a Korsch eccentric press (diameter: 44 mm, height: 22 mm, Ge weight: 37.5 g) pressed. The composition of the premixes to be pressed (and thus the shaped body) is shown in Table 2.

Table 1: Composition of the surfactant granules [% by weight]

Table 2: Composition of the premixes [% by weight]:

The hardness of the tablets was increased after two days of storage by deforming the tablet measured for fracture, the force acting on the side surfaces of the tablet and the maximum force that the tablet withstood was determined.

To determine tablet disintegration, the tablet was placed in a beaker with water (600 ml water, temperature 15 ° C) and the time to complete tablet disintegration measured sen.

The experimental data are shown in Table 3:

Table 3: Detergent tablets with sodium silicate [physical data]

As can be seen from Table 3, the addition of the non-surfactant, water-soluble, liquid binder has hardly any influence on the breaking hardness or the disintegration time of the detergent tablet tablets. The inventions were made to determine the friability and abrasion behavior tablets E according to the invention or the comparison tablets V in a rotating, vertical ste Glass drum (∅ 180 mm, width 40 mm), which has three transverse to the direction of rotation current and equidistant triangular obstacle rip pen (height 20 mm, foot width: 15 mm) was given. With two different orders running speeds, the proportion of a tablet was determined, which abge after 10 minutes or the time after which the tablet broke into several large pieces, depending on what happened earlier. The results of the measurements are shown in Table 4:

Table 4: Results from the friability measurements

The data in Table 4 show that the addition of the non-surfactant, water-soluble, liquid gene binders leads to the fact that the detergent tablets at mechani shear load do not break into several parts, so they are more stable. In addition, the Ab The tendency of the molded articles to rub is significantly reduced.

Claims (11)

1. Detergent tablets made of compressed particulate detergent, containing surfactant (s), builders (e) and optionally other conventional detergent ingredients, characterized in that they, based on the weight of the molded body, 0.25 to 10 wt .-% of one or more non-surfactant, which contain water-soluble liquid binders. 2. Detergent tablets according to claim 1, characterized in that the content of the moldings in non-surfactant, water-soluble, liquid binders 0.5 to 7.5% by weight, preferably 0.75 to 5% by weight and in particular 1 to 3% by weight, each based on the weight of the molded body. 3. Detergent tablets according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized characterized in that a non-surfactant, water-soluble, liquid binder or several substances from the group of polyethylene glycols and polypropylene glycols, Glyce rin, glycerine carbonate, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol and propylene carbonate in the mold bodies are included. 4. Process for the production of detergent tablets by formge pressing a particulate premix, characterized in that 0.25 to 10% by weight, preferably 0.5 to 7.5, of the premix before pressing % By weight, particularly preferably 0.75 to 5% by weight and in particular 1 to 3% by weight, of one or several non-surfactant, water-soluble, liquid binders, each related on the premix. 5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that the premix before Press one or more as non-surfactant, water-soluble, liquid binders Substances from the group of polyethylene glycols and polypropylene glycols, glycerin, glyce Rincarbonat, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol and propylene carbonate mixed.   6. The method according to any one of claims 4 or 5, characterized in that the particle shaped premix containing surfactant (s) granules (s) and a bulk density of min at least 500 g / l, preferably at least 600 g / l and in particular at least 700 g / l having. 7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that the surfactant-containing granules part Chen sizes between 100 and 2000 microns, preferably between 200 and 1800 microns, be particularly preferably between 400 and 1600 μm and in particular between 600 and 1400 µm. 8. The method according to any one of claims 6 or 7, characterized in that the surfactant contains granules containing anionic and / or nonionic surfactants and builders and total surfactant contents of at least 10% by weight, preferably at least 20 % By weight and in particular at least 25% by weight. 9. The method according to any one of claims 4 to 8, characterized in that the particle shaped premix additionally one or more substances from the group of Desintegra tion aids, bleaching agents, bleach activators, enzymes, pH adjusting agents, fragrances, par carrier, fluorescent agents, dyes, foam inhibitors, silicone oils, antiredepositi onsmittel, optical brighteners, graying inhibitors, color transfer inhibitors and Contains corrosion inhibitors. 10. Use of non-surfactant, water-soluble, liquid binders in surfactant and ge detergent tablets containing detergent to improve Friabi lity and reduction of the abrasion of the moldings. 11. Use according to claim 10, characterized in that 0.25 to 10 wt .-%, before preferably 0.5 to 7.5% by weight, particularly preferably 0.75 to 5% by weight and in particular 1 to 3% by weight of one or more non-surfactant, water-soluble, liquid bandages medium from the group of polyethylene glycols and polypropylene glycols, glycerin, glyce Rincarbonat, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol and propylene carbonate can be used.