DE19847277A1 - Detergent tablets with high hardness and rapid disintegration comprise large bleach activator particles - Google Patents

Abstract

In detergent tablets comprising compressed particulate detergent ingredients, including bleaching agents and bleach activators, at least 80 wt.% of the bleach activator particles have a size of more than 0.6 mm.

Description

The present invention relates to detergent tablets which Bleach activator (s) included. In particular, the invention relates to moldings such as Detergent tablets, detergent tablets, bleach tablets or Water softener tablets with bleach activator (s).

Detergent and cleaning agent compositions in the form of moldings, in particular Tablets have long been known and widely described in the art, although these Offer form on the market has so far not been of outstanding importance. This has its The reason for this is that the form of offer of the molded body in addition to a number of advantages also has disadvantages, both the manufacture and use, as well as the Impact consumer acceptance. The main advantages of moldings like that Elimination of the dimensions of the required product quantity by the consumer, the higher Density and thus the reduced packaging and storage costs and not too disadvantages such as the dichotomy are an underestimating aesthetic aspect between acceptable hardness and sufficiently rapid disintegration and dissolution of the Moldings and numerous technological difficulties in the manufacture and Packaging relativized.

In particular, the dichotomy between a sufficiently hard molded body and one Sufficiently fast disintegration time is a central problem. Because sufficiently stable, d. H. Shaped and unbreakable molded articles only through relatively high compression pressures can be produced, there is a strong compression of the  Molded parts and a resulting delayed disintegration of the Shaped body in the aqueous liquor and thus to a slow release of the Active substances in the washing or cleaning process. The delayed disintegration of the Shaped body has the further disadvantage that conventional washing and Detergent tablets not through the detergent dispenser of household washing machines Allow to be flushed in, as the tablets do not quickly become secondary particles disintegrate, which are small enough to be washed into the washing drum from the induction chamber to become.

To overcome the dichotomy between hardness, i. H. Transport and Handling stability and easy disintegration of the moldings are state of the art many solutions have been developed. A well known and especially from the pharmacy Approach extended to the field of detergent tablets is Incorporation of certain disintegration aids that facilitate access to water or swell upon entry of water or gas evolving or in another form act disintegrating. Other proposed solutions from the patent literature describe the Compression of premixes of certain particle sizes, the separation of individual ones Ingredients of certain other ingredients as well as the coating of individual ones Ingredients or the entire molded body with binders.

For example, EP-A-0 522 766 (Unilever) discloses molded bodies made of a compact, particulate detergent composition containing surfactants, builders and Disintegration aids (for example based on cellulose), at least part of the Particle coated with the disintegrant, which is both binder and Disintegration effect when dissolving the moldings in water shows. This scripture points also due to the general difficulty of molding with adequate stability to produce good solubility at the same time. The particle size in the mixture to be compressed should be above 200 µm, the upper and lower limits of each Particle sizes should not differ by more than 700 µm.

Other documents that deal with the production of detergent tablets are EP-A-0 716 144 (Unilever), the moldings with an external shell  describes water-soluble material, as well as EP-A-0 711 827 (Unilever), which as Ingredient contain a citrate with a defined solubility.

The use of binders, which may have an explosive effect (in particular Polyethylene glycol) is disclosed in EP-A-0 711 828 (Unilever), which Detergent tablets describes which by pressing a particulate Detergent composition at temperatures between 28 ° C and the melting point of the binding material are produced, always below the melting temperature is pressed. From the examples of this document it can be seen that the according to their Molded articles produced have higher breaking strengths when increased Temperature is pressed.

Detergent tablets, in which individual ingredients are separated from others, are also described in EP-A-0 481 793 (Unilever). The one in this writing disclosed detergent tablets containing sodium percarbonate, that of all others Components that could affect its stability (e.g. bleach activators), is spatially separated. This is information on the particle size of the bleach activator Scripture not to be extracted.

European patent application EP-A-0 466 484 (Unilever) claims Detergent tablets made by pressing particulate material which have particle sizes in the range of 200 to 2000 µm, the upper and the lower limit of the particle sizes should not differ by more than 700 µm. The The use of bleach activators is only mentioned as optional in this document, Particle size ranges for the bleach activators are not specified.

None of the cited prior art documents dealing with washing and Employing detergent tablets becomes a well-defined particle size range specified for bleach activators. None of the documents mentioned deals with the Improving the solubility of detergent tablets through targeted Use of bleach activators within certain particle size ranges.  

The present invention is therefore based on the task of washing and To provide detergent tablets which contain bleach activator (s) and a have high hardness and excellent decay properties. This Detergent tablets should also be dosed via the dispenser can be without the consumer disadvantages due to residues in the Adult detergent dispenser and too little detergent in the wash water. Besides these Shaping-specific properties should also include washing and cleaning services the molded article according to the invention should be exemplary.

The invention relates to molded detergent and cleaning product bodies particulate washing and cleaning agents, including bleaching agents, Bleach activator (s) and, if applicable, further detergent and cleaning agent components, in which at least 80% by weight of the bleach activator particles have a particle size above Have 0.6 mm.

It is preferred in the context of the present invention if the bleach activator particles not only have more than 80% by weight of particles with sizes above 0.6 mm, but to a large extent contain even coarser particles. Preferred washing and Detergent tablets are characterized in that at least 40% by weight, preferably at least 50% by weight and in particular at least 60% by weight of the Bleach activator particles have a particle size above 0.8 mm.

The proportion of bleach activator particles with sizes above 600 microns should according to the invention more than 80 wt .-%, based on the total of the bleach activator particles. In order to have an advantageous homogeneous particle size distribution, the bleach activators used are in particular free of too fine or dust components, so do not contain particles smaller than 0.2 mm in diameter. In particularly preferred washing and detergent tablets, the bleach activator (s) is / are substantially free of Particles with sizes below 0.2 mm.

In the context of the present invention, “substantially free” means contents below 2% by weight, preferably below 1% by weight and in particular below 0.5% by weight, in each case based on the entirety of the particles understood.  

The detergent tablets according to the invention contain a system for the "activated bleaching", i.e. H. both bleach and bleach activator (s). Latter are used according to the invention within a defined particle size range in order to to obtain advantageous molded body properties. Bleach activators become bleach Containing detergents and cleaning agents added to when washing at temperatures of 60 ° C and below to achieve an improved bleaching effect. As bleach activators Within the scope of the present invention, compounds which are under Perhydrolysis conditions aliphatic peroxocarboxylic acids with preferably 1 to 10 C- Atoms, in particular 2 to 4 carbon atoms, and / or optionally substituted Perbenzoic acid result, are used. Suitable substances are O- and / or N- Acyl groups of the number of carbon atoms mentioned and / or optionally substituted Wear benzoyl groups. Multi-acylated alkylenediamines are preferred, in particular Tetraacetylethylenediamine (TAED), acylated triazine derivatives, especially 1,5-diacetyl-2,4- dioxohexahydro-1,3,5-triazine (DADHT), acylated glycolurils, in particular Tetraacetylglycoluril (TAGU), N-acylimides, especially N-nonanoylsuccinimide (NOSI), acylated phenol sulfonates, especially n-nonanoyl or isononanoyloxybenzene sulfonate (n- or iso-NOBS), carboxylic anhydrides, especially phthalic anhydride, acylated polyhydric alcohols, especially triacetin, ethylene glycol diacetate and 2,5-diacetoxy 2,5-dihydrofuran.

In addition to the conventional bleach activators or in their place Within the scope of the present invention also so-called bleach catalysts in the Moldings are incorporated. These fabrics are bleach-enhancing Transition metal salts or transition metal complexes such as Mn, Fe, Co, Ru or Mo salt complexes or carbonyl complexes. Also Mn, Fe, Co, Ru, Mo, Ti, V and Cu complexes with N-containing tripod ligands as well as Co, Fe, Cu and Ru Amine complexes can be used as bleaching catalysts. Are within the Bleaching catalysts used in the present invention, they also apply to the above mentioned particle size restrictions.

The detergent tablets according to the invention contain the / the Bleach activator (s) in amounts of 0.5 to 30% by weight, preferably 1 to 20% by weight  and in particular from 2 to 15 wt .-%, each based on the total washing and Detergent tablets.

These amounts can vary depending on the intended use of the moldings produced. Typical universal detergent tablets contain bleach activator contents between 0.5 and 10% by weight, preferably between 2 and 8% by weight and in particular between 4 and 7% by weight is common, while bleach tablets may have higher contents, for example between 5 and 30% by weight, preferably between 7.5 and 25% by weight and in particular can have between 10 and 20 wt .-%. The specialist is in his Freedom of formulation is not restricted and can be stronger or weaker in this way bleaching detergent tablets, detergent tablets or bleach tablets by varying the bleach activator and bleach content.

A particularly preferably used bleach activator is the N, N, N ', N'- Tetraacetylethylenediamine, which is widely used in detergents and cleaning agents. Accordingly, preferred detergent tablets are thereby characterized in that they contain tetraacetylethylene diamine (TAED) as a bleach activator.

The bleach activator (s) in the detergent tablets according to the invention serve to activate the bleach or detergents at lower washing or cleaning temperatures and thus to ensure high bleaching performance even at low temperatures. Sodium perborate tetrahydrate and sodium perborate monohydrate are of particular importance as bleaching agents. Further bleaching agents which can be used are, for example, sodium percarbonate, peroxypyrophosphates, citrate perhydrates and H ₂ O ₂ -producing peracid salts or peracids, such as perbenzoates, peroxophthalates, diperazelaic acid, phthaloiminoperacid or diperdodecanedioic acid. Even when using the bleaching agents, it is possible to dispense with the use of surfactants and / or builders, so that pure bleach tablets can be produced. If such bleach tablets are to be used for washing textiles, a combination of sodium percarbonate with sodium sesquicarbonate is preferred, irrespective of which other ingredients are contained in the moldings. If cleaning tablets or bleach tablets for machine dishwashing are manufactured, bleaching agents from the group of organic bleaching agents can also be used. Typical organic bleaches are the diacyl peroxides, such as. B. dibenzoyl peroxide. Other typical organic bleaching agents are peroxy acids, examples of which include alkyl peroxy acids and aryl peroxy acids. Preferred representatives are (a) the peroxybenzoic acid and its ring-substituted derivatives, such as alkylperoxybenzoic acids, but also peroxy-α-naphthoic acid and magnesium monoperphthalate, (b) the aliphatic or substituted aliphatic peroxyacids, such as peroxylauric acid, peroxystearic acid, s-phthalimidthanoic acidoperoxcaproic acid [ PAP)], o-carboxybenzamidoperoxycaproic acid, N-nonenylamidoperadipic acid and N-nonenylamidopersuccinate, and (c) aliphatic and araliphatic peroxydicarboxylic acids, such as 1,12-diperoxycarboxylic acid, 1,9-diperoxyazelaic acid, diperocysebacinic acid, diperoxydoxybutyldiperoxydoxybutylacid , 4-diacid, N, N-terephthaloyl-di (6-aminopercapronic acid) can be used.

Chlorine or. Can also be used as bleaching agents in moldings for automatic dishwashing Bromine-releasing substances are used. Among the appropriate chlorine or bromine releasing materials come for example heterocyclic N-bromine and N- Chloramides, for example trichloroisocyanuric acid, tribromoisocyanuric acid, Dibromo isocyanuric acid and / or dichloroisocyanuric acid (DICA) and / or their salts with Cations such as potassium and sodium are considered. Hydantoin compounds such as 1,3-dichloro-5,5- dimethylhydanthoin are also suitable.

The detergent tablets according to the invention can be single-phase, d. H. have been pressed from a premix into a homogeneous molded body. It is but also possible and preferred according to the invention, multiphase molded articles To provide, active ingredients are divided into spatially delimited areas wherever this makes sense. In the context of the present invention, washing and detergent tablets preferred, which consist of several phases, preferably Layers exist, the bleach activator (s) in at least one of the phases more than 5% by weight, preferably more than 7.5% by weight and in particular more than 10% by weight, each based on the weight of the phase.  

By dividing the total mass of a molded body into different phases in a single phase an increased content of certain ingredients, in particular Bleach activators are achieved when the content of this ingredient in the other Phase (s) is reduced accordingly, without the total content of the shaped body on this active ingredient varies. As from the above amounts of bleach activator (s) in the overall molded body and from the abovementioned amounts of bleach activator (s) emerges in a single phase, it is preferred according to the invention that Concentrate bleach activator (s) in one phase of the shaped body, so that the corresponding phase has high bleach activator contents.

The individual phases of the shaped body can be within the scope of the present invention have different spatial shapes. The simplest possible implementation is in two or multi-layer tablets, each layer of the shaped body one Represents phase. However, according to the invention it is also possible to use multiphase molded articles in which individual phases take the form of inclusions in (one) other Show phase (s). In addition to so-called "ring-core tablets", for example Coated tablets or combinations of the above-mentioned embodiments are possible. Examples for multi-phase moldings can be found in the illustrations of EP-A-0 055 100 (Jeyes), describes the toilet cleaning blocks. The currently most widespread spatial form Multi-phase tablet is the two- or multi-layer tablet. As part of the In the present invention, it is therefore preferred that the phases of the shaped body shape of layers.

The above-described principle of concentrating the bleach activator (s) in one In extreme cases, the phase can be carried out in such a way that only one phase contains bleach activator, while all other phases are free of bleach activator (s). Washing and Detergent tablets, which consist of two or three phases, preferably layers, exist and only one phase contains the bleach activator (s), while the rest (s) Phase (s) free of bleach activator are preferred according to the invention.

In addition to the ingredients mentioned, bleach activator and bleach can Detergent tablets according to the invention further ingredients  contain, the amounts of which depend on the intended use of the moldings. So are especially substances from the groups of surfactants, builders and polymers for use in the detergent tablets according to the invention suitable. The specialist will not have any difficulties here either, the individual Select components and their quantities. This is how one becomes Universal detergent tablets contain higher amounts of surfactant (s), while one Bleach tablets can even be dispensed with entirely. Also the amount of builder (s) used varies depending on the intended Usage.

In the detergent tablets according to the invention, all can builders usually used in detergents and cleaning agents, especially zeolites, silicates, carbonates, organic cobuilders and - where none There are ecological prejudices against their use - including phosphates.

Suitable crystalline, layered sodium silicates have the general formula NaMSi _x O _{2x + 1} .H ₂ O, where M is sodium or hydrogen, x is a number from 1.9 to 4 and y is a number from 0 to 20 and preferred values for x 2, 3 or 4. Such crystalline layered silicates are described, for example, in European patent application EP-A-0 164 514. Preferred crystalline layered silicates of the formula given are those in which M represents sodium and x assumes the values 2 or 3. In particular, both β- and δ-sodium disilicate Na ₂ Si ₂ O ₅ .yH ₂ O are preferred, wherein β-sodium disilicate can be obtained, for example, by the method described in international patent application WO-A-91/08171.

Amorphous sodium silicates with a modulus Na ₂ O: SiO ₂ of 1: 2 to 1: 3.3, preferably from 1: 2 to 1: 2.8 and in particular from 1: 2 to 1: 2.6, can also be used are delayed in dissolving and have secondary washing properties. The delay in dissolution compared to conventional amorphous sodium silicates can be caused in various ways, for example by surface treatment, compounding, compacting / sealing or by overdrying. In the context of this invention, the term “amorphous” is also understood to mean “X-ray amorphous”. This means that the silicates in X-ray diffraction experiments do not provide sharp X-ray reflections, as are typical for crystalline substances, but at most one or more maxima of the scattered X-rays, which have a width of several degree units of the diffraction angle. However, it can very well lead to particularly good builder properties if the silicate particles deliver washed-out or even sharp diffraction maxima in electron diffraction experiments. This is to be interpreted as meaning that the products have microcrystalline areas of size 10 to a few hundred nm, values up to max. 50 nm and in particular up to max. 20 nm are preferred. Such so-called X-ray amorphous silicates, which also have a delay in dissolution compared to conventional water glasses, are described, for example, in German patent application DE-A-44 00 024. Compacted / compacted amorphous silicates, compounded amorphous silicates and over-dried X-ray amorphous silicates are particularly preferred.

The finely crystalline, synthetic and bound water-containing zeolite used is preferably zeolite A and / or P. As zeolite P, zeolite MAP® (commercial product from Crosfield) is particularly preferred. However, zeolite X and mixtures of A, X and / or P are also suitable. Commercially available and can preferably be used in the context of the present invention, for example a co-crystallizate of zeolite X and zeolite A (about 80% by weight of zeolite X) ), developed by CONDEA Augusta S. p. A. is sold under the brand name VEGOBOND AX® and through the formula

n Na ₂ O. (1-n) K ₂ O. Al ₂ O _3. (2-2.5) SiO _2. (3.5-5.5) H ₂ O

can be described. The zeolite can be used both as a builder in one granular compound used, as well as a kind of "powdering" of the entire pressing mixture are used, usually both ways to Iricorporation of the zeolite can be used in the premix. Suitable zeolites have an average particle size of less than 10 µm (volume distribution; measurement method: Coulter Counter) and preferably contain 18 to 22% by weight, in particular 20 to 22% by weight bound water.

It goes without saying that the generally known phosphates are also used as Builder substances possible, provided that such use is not for ecological reasons  should be avoided. The sodium salts are particularly suitable Orthophosphate, the pyrophosphate and especially the tripolyphosphate.

The amount of builders is usually between 10 and 70% by weight, preferably between 15 and 60% by weight and in particular between 20 and 50% by weight. Again, the amount of builders used depends on the intended use that bleach tablets can have higher amounts of builders (for example between 20 and 70% by weight, preferably between 25 and 65% by weight and in particular between 30 and 55% by weight), for example as detergent tablets (usually 10 to 50% by weight, preferably 12.5 to 45% by weight and in particular between 17.5 and 37.5% by weight).

Useful organic builders are, for example, those in the form of their sodium salts usable polycarboxylic acids, such as citric acid, adipic acid, succinic acid, Glutaric acid, tartaric acid, sugar acids, aminocarboxylic acids, nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), if such use is not objectionable for ecological reasons, and Mixtures of these. Preferred salts are the salts of polycarboxylic acids such as Citric acid, adipic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, tartaric acid, sugar acids and Mixtures of these.

Preferred detergent tablets furthermore contain one or more Surfactant (s). Can in the detergent tablets according to the invention anionic, nonionic, cationic and / or amphoteric surfactants respectively Mixtures of these are used. Are preferred from an application point of view Mixtures of anionic and nonionic surfactants. The total surfactant content of the Shaped body is 5 to 60 wt .-%, based on the weight of the shaped body, in which case detergent tablets with a surfactant content of more than 15% by weight are preferred.

Anionic surfactants used are, for example, those of the sulfonate and sulfate type. The surfactants of the sulfonate type are preferably C _9-13 -alkylbenzenesulfonates, olefin sulfonates, ie mixtures of alkene and hydroxyalkanesulfonates and disulfonates such as are obtained, for example, from C _12-18 monoolefins having an end or internal double bond by sulfonating with gaseous Sulfur trioxide and subsequent alkaline or acidic hydrolysis of the sulfonation products is in consideration. Also suitable are alkanesulfonates obtained from C _12-18 alkanes, for example by sulfochlorination or sulfoxidation with subsequent hydrolysis or neutralization. Likewise, the esters of a-sulfo fatty acids (ester sulfonates), e.g. B. the α-sulfonated methyl ester of hydrogenated coconut, palm kernel or tallow fatty acids.

Other suitable anionic surfactants are sulfonated fatty acid glycerol esters. Under Fatty acid glycerol esters are the mono-, di- and triesters as well as their mixtures understand how they are produced by esterification of a monoglycerol with 1 to 3 moles of fatty acid or in the transesterification of triglycerides with 0.3 to 2 moles of glycerin will hold. Preferred sulfonated fatty acid glycerol esters are the sulfonation products of saturated fatty acids with 6 to 22 carbon atoms, for example caproic acid, Caprylic acid, capric acid, myristic acid, lauric acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid or Behenic acid.

Alk (en) yl sulfates are the alkali and in particular the sodium salts of the sulfuric acid half esters of C ₁₂ -C ₁₈ fatty alcohols, for example from coconut oil alcohol, tallow fatty alcohol, lauryl, myristyl, cetyl or stearyl alcohol or the C ₁₀ -C ₂₀ oxo alcohols and those half-esters of secondary alcohols of this chain length are preferred. Also preferred are alk (en) yl sulfates of the chain length mentioned which contain a synthetic, straight-chain alkyl radical prepared on a petrochemical basis and which have a degradation behavior analogous to that of the adequate compounds based on oleochemical raw materials. The C ₁₂ -C ₁₆ alkyl sulfates and C ₁₂ -C ₁₅ alkyl sulfates and C ₁₄ -C ₁₅ alkyl sulfates are preferred from the point of view of washing technology. 2,3-Alkyl sulfates, which are produced, for example, according to US Pat. Nos. 3,234,258 or 5,075,041 and can be obtained as commercial products from the Shell Oil Company under the name DAN®, are also suitable anionic surfactants.

The sulfuric acid monoesters of the straight-chain or branched C _7-21 alcohols ethoxylated with 1 to 6 mol of ethylene oxide, such as 2-methyl-branched C _9-11 alcohols with an average of 3.5 mol of ethylene oxide (EO) or C _12-18 - Fatty alcohols with 1 to 4 EO are suitable. Because of their high foaming behavior, they are used in cleaning agents only in relatively small amounts, for example in amounts of 1 to 5% by weight.

Other suitable anionic surfactants are also the salts of alkylsulfosuccinic acid, which are also referred to as sulfosuccinates or as sulfosuccinic acid esters and which are monoesters and / or diesters of sulfosuccinic acid with alcohols, preferably fatty alcohols and especially ethoxylated fatty alcohols. Preferred sulfosuccinates contain C _8-18 fatty alcohol residues or mixtures thereof. Particularly preferred sulfosuccinates contain a fatty alcohol residue which is derived from ethoxylated fatty alcohols, which in themselves are nonionic surfactants (description see below). Again, sulfosuccinates whose fatty alcohol residues are derived from ethoxylated fatty alcohols with a narrow homolog distribution are particularly preferred. It is also possible to use alk (en) ylsuccinic acid with preferably 8 to 18 carbon atoms in the alk (en) yl chain or salts thereof.

Soaps are particularly suitable as further anionic surfactants. Are suitable saturated fatty acid soaps, such as the salts of lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, Stearic acid, hydrogenated erucic acid and behenic acid and in particular from natural Fatty acids, e.g. B. coconut, palm kernel or tallow fatty acids, derived soap mixtures. The anionic surfactants including the soaps can be in the form of their sodium, potassium or ammonium salts and as soluble salts of organic bases, such as mono-, di- or Triethanolamine. The anionic surfactants are preferably in the form of their Sodium or potassium salts, especially in the form of the sodium salts.

The nonionic surfactants used are preferably alkoxylated, advantageously ethoxylated, in particular primary alcohols having preferably 8 to 18 carbon atoms and an average of 1 to 12 moles of ethylene oxide (EO) per mole of alcohol, in which the alcohol radical can be linearly or preferably 2-branched methyl or may contain linear and methyl-branched radicals in the mixture, as are usually present in oxo alcohol radicals. In particular, however, alcohol ethoxylates with linear residues from alcohols of native origin with 12 to 18 carbon atoms, for. B. from coconut, palm, tallow or oleyl alcohol, and an average of 2 to 8 EO per mole of alcohol preferred. The preferred ethoxylated alcohols include, for example, C _12-14 alcohols with 3 EO or 4 EO, C _9-11 alcohol with 7 EO, C _13-15 alcohols with 3 EO, 5 EO, 7 EO or 8 EO, C _12-18 alcohols with 3 EO, 5 EO or 7 EO and mixtures thereof, such as mixtures of C _12-14 alcohol with 3 EO and C _12-18 alcohol with 5 EO. The degrees of ethoxylation given represent statistical averages, which can be an integer or a fraction for a specific product. Preferred alcohol ethoxylates have a narrow homolog distribution (narrow range ethoxylates, NRE). In addition to these nonionic surfactants, fatty alcohols with more than 12 EO can also be used. Examples include tallow fatty alcohol with 14 EO, 25 EO, 30 EO or 40 EO.

In addition, alkyl glycosides of the general formula RO (G) _x can also be used as further nonionic surfactants, in which R denotes a primary straight-chain or methyl-branched, in particular methyl-branched aliphatic radical having 8 to 22, preferably 12 to 18, C atoms and G is the symbol which stands for a glycose unit with 5 or 6 carbon atoms, preferably for glucose. The degree of oligomerization x, which indicates the distribution of monoglycosides and oligoglycosides, is any number between 1 and 10; x is preferably 1.2 to 1.4.

Another class of preferably used nonionic surfactants, which either as sole nonionic surfactant or in combination with other nonionic surfactants are used are alkoxylated, preferably ethoxylated or ethoxylated and propoxylated fatty acid alkyl esters, preferably having 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the Alkyl chain, especially fatty acid methyl esters, such as those found in Japanese Patent application JP 58/217598 are described or preferably according to the in the international patent application WO-A-90/13533 who described processes the.

Also nonionic surfactants of the amine oxide type, for example N-cocoalkyl-N, N- dimethylamine oxide and N-tallow alkyl-N, N-dihydroxyethylamine oxide, and the Fatty acid alkanolamides can be suitable. The amount of these nonionic surfactants is preferably not more than that of the ethoxylated fatty alcohols, especially not more than half of it.  

Other suitable surfactants are polyhydroxy fatty acid amides of the formula (I),

in which RCO stands for an aliphatic acyl radical with 6 to 22 carbon atoms, R ¹ for hydrogen, an alkyl or hydroxyalkyl radical with 1 to 4 carbon atoms and [Z] for a linear or branched polyhydroxyalkyl radical with 3 to 10 carbon atoms and 3 to 10 hydroxyl groups. The polyhydroxy fatty acid amides are known substances which can usually be obtained by reductive amination of a reducing sugar with ammonia, an alkylamine or an alkanolamine and subsequent acylation with a fatty acid, a fatty acid alkyl ester or a fatty acid chloride.

The group of polyhydroxy fatty acid amides also includes compounds of the formula (II)

in which R represents a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl radical having 7 to 12 carbon atoms, R ^{1 represents} a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl radical or an aryl radical having 2 to 8 carbon atoms and R ^{2 represents} a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl radical or an aryl radical or an oxyalkyl radical having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, C _1-4 -alkyl or phenyl radicals being preferred and [Z] representing a linear polyhydroxyalkyl radical whose alkyl chain is substituted by at least two hydroxyl groups, or alkoxylated, preferably ethoxylated or propoxylated derivatives of this residue.

[Z] is preferably obtained by reductive amination of a reduced sugar, for example glucose, fructose, maltose, lactose, galactose, mannose or xylose. The  N-alkoxy- or N-aryloxy-substituted compounds can then, for example, according to the teaching of the international application WO-A-95/07331 by implementation with Fatty acid methyl esters in the presence of an alkoxide as a catalyst in the desired Polyhydroxy fatty acid amides are transferred.

In the context of the present invention, detergent tablets are shaped preferred which contain anionic (s) and nonionic (s) surfactant (s), wherein application technology advantages from certain proportions, in which the individual classes of surfactants can be used.

For example, detergent tablets are particularly preferred where the ratio of anionic surfactant (s) to nonionic surfactant (s) is between 10: 1 and 1:10, is preferably between 7.5: 1 and 1: 5 and in particular between 5: 1 and 1: 2.

From an application point of view, it can have advantages if certain classes of surfactants are used some phases of the detergent tablets or in the entire tablet, d. H. in all phases, are not included. Another important embodiment of the The present invention therefore provides that at least one phase of the shaped body is free of is nonionic surfactants.

Conversely, the content of individual phases or the entire phase can also be used Molded body, d. H. all phases, certain surfactants have a positive effect. The introduction of the alkyl polyglycosides described above has proven advantageous proven so that detergent tablets are preferred in which contains at least one phase of the shaped body alkyl polyglycosides.

Similar to the non-ionic surfactants, the omission of anionic surfactants from individual or all phases of washing and Detergent tablets result, which are better for certain areas of application own. It is therefore also within the scope of the present invention Detergent tablets are conceivable in which at least one phase of the tablets is free of anionic surfactants.  

In order to facilitate the disintegration of highly compressed moldings, it is possible to Disintegration aids, so-called tablet disintegrants, to be incorporated into them in order to Shorten disintegration times. Under tablet disintegrants or disintegrators according to Römpp (9th edition, vol. 6, p. 4440) and Voigt "Textbook of pharmaceutical technology "(6th edition, 1987, pp. 182-184) understood auxiliary substances that for the rapid disintegration of tablets in water or gastric juice and for the release of the Provide pharmaceuticals in an absorbable form.

These substances, which are also known as "explosives" due to their effectiveness, increase their volume when water enters, and on the one hand increases their own volume (Swelling), on the other hand, a pressure can be generated via the release of gases which can break the tablet into smaller particles. Well-known Disintegration aids are, for example, carbonate / citric acid systems, and also other organic acids can be used. Swelling disintegration aids are, for example, synthetic polymers such as polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) or natural ones Polymers or modified natural substances such as cellulose and starch and their derivatives, Alginates or casein derivatives.

Preferred detergent tablets contain 0.5 to 10% by weight, preferably 3 to 7% by weight and in particular 4 to 6% by weight of one or more Disintegration aid, each based on the weight of the molded body.

Disintegrants based on cellulose are used as preferred disintegrants in the context of the present invention, so that preferred detergent tablets have such a disintegrant based on cellulose in amounts of 0.5 to 10% by weight, preferably 3 to 7% by weight and in particular 4 contain up to 6 wt .-%. Pure cellulose has the formal gross composition (C ₆ H ₁₀ O ₅ ) _n and, formally speaking, is a β-1,4-polyacetal of cellobiose, which in turn is made up of two molecules of glucose. Suitable celluloses consist of approximately 500 to 5000 glucose units and consequently have average molecular weights of 50,000 to 500,000. Cellulose-based disintegrants which can be used in the context of the present invention are also cellulose derivatives which can be obtained from cellulose by polymer-analogous reactions. Such chemically modified celluloses include, for example, products from esterifications or etherifications in which hydroxy hydrogen atoms have been substituted. However, celluloses in which the hydroxyl groups have been replaced by functional groups which are not bound via an oxygen atom can also be used as cellulose derivatives. The group of cellulose derivatives includes, for example, alkali celluloses, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), cellulose esters and ethers and aminocelluloses. The cellulose derivatives mentioned are preferably not used alone as a cellulose-based disintegrant, but are used in a mixture with cellulose. The content of cellulose derivatives in these mixtures is preferably below 50% by weight, particularly preferably below 20% by weight, based on the cellulose-based disintegrant. Pure cellulose which is free of cellulose derivatives is particularly preferably used as the cellulose-based disintegrant.

The cellulose used as disintegration aid is preferably not in finely divided form used, but before mixing to the to be pressed Premixes are converted into a coarser form, for example granulated or compacted. Detergent tablets, the explosives in granular or optionally contained in granulated form, are in the German patent applications DE 197 09 991 (Stefan Herzog) and DE 197 10 254 (Henkel) and the international Patent application PCT / EP 98/1203 (Henkel) described. These writings are too details on the production of granulated, compacted or cogranulated To remove cellulose disintegrant. The particle sizes of such disintegrants are usually above 200 microns, preferably at least 90 wt .-% between 300 and 1600 µm and in particular at least 90% by weight between 400 and 1200 µm. The coarser mentioned above and described in more detail in the cited documents Disintegration aids based on cellulose are within the scope of the present invention preferably used as disintegration aids and commercially, for example, under Description Arbocel® TF-30-HG available from Rettenmaier.

As a further disintegrant based on cellulose or as part of it Component can be used microcrystalline cellulose. This microcrystalline Cellulose is made by partial hydrolysis of celluloses under such conditions get that only the amorphous areas (about 30% of the total cellulose mass) of the  Attack and completely dissolve celluloses, but the crystalline areas (approx. 70%) leave undamaged. A subsequent disaggregation by hydrolysis emerging micro-fine cellulosic supplies the microcrystalline celluloses that Have primary particle sizes of about 5 microns and, for example, to granules with a average particle size of 200 microns are compactible.

In the context of the present invention, detergent tablets are shaped preferred, which is additionally a disintegration aid, preferably a Disintegration aid based on cellulose, preferably in granular, cogranulated or compacted form, in amounts of 0.5 to 10% by weight, preferably 3 to 7% by weight and in particular from 4 to 6% by weight, in each case based on the Molded body weight included.

Disintegration-promoting systems are used in detergent tablets often so-called "shower systems" used. Usually used in shower systems oligomeric oligocarboxylic acids such as succinic acid, maleic acid and in particular Citric acid used in combination with carbonates or hydrogen carbonates. In preferred embodiments of the present invention is the washing and Detergent tablets, however, no "effervescent tablet", i. H. preferred washing and Detergent tablets are free of oligomeric oligocarboxylic acids, in particular Citric acid.

It is also technically possible to coat the molded body with a coating that covers the entire molded body. Such coated washing and Detergent tablets can by spraying a melt or solution of the Coating material on the molded body or immersing the molded body in the melt or solution can be prepared. In preferred embodiments of the present The laundry detergent and cleaning product tablets are, however, not with one Coating, which covers the entire molded body, coated.

By using the bleach activator (s) according to the invention in the above-mentioned Particle size range and optionally through the use of disintegration aids supports (see above), washing and  Manufacture detergent tablets, which are extremely fast in water with high hardness disintegrate into its components. Are particularly preferred in the context of the present Invention detergent tablets, which are in water at 30 ° C in less than 60 seconds completely disintegrate into their secondary particles, which are so small that they can be washed in via the wash-in chamber of a household washing machine.

In addition to the ingredients mentioned, bleach activator, bleach, builder, surfactant and Disintegration aids, the washing and Detergent tablets one or more substances from the group of builders, Enzymes, pH adjusting agents, fragrances, perfume carriers, fluorescent agents, dyes, Foam inhibitors, silicone oils, anti-redeposition agents, optical brighteners, Graying inhibitors, color transfer inhibitors and corrosion inhibitors included.

To the aesthetic impression of the washing and To improve detergent tablets, they can be mixed with suitable dyes be colored. Preferred dyes, the selection of which none of the expert Difficulties have a high storage stability and insensitivity to the other ingredients of the agents and against light and no pronounced Substantivity towards textile fibers so as not to stain them.

Preferred for use in the washing and Detergent tablets are all colorants that are oxidatively destroyed in the washing process and mixtures of these with suitable blue dyes, so-called. Shades of blue. It has proven to be advantageous to use colorants in water or are soluble in liquid organic substances at room temperature. Are suitable for example anionic colorants, e.g. B. anionic nitroso dyes. A possible one Colorant is, for example, naphthol green (Color Index (CI) Part 1: Acid Green 1; Part 2: 10020), which is a commercial product, for example as Basacid® Green 970 from BASF, Ludwigshafen, is available, as well as mixtures of these with suitable blue dyes. Other colorants are Pigmosol® Blue 6900 (CI 74160), Pigmosol® Green 8730 (CI 74260), Basonyl® Red 545 FL (CI 45170), Sandolan® Rhodamine EB400 (CI 45100),  Basacid® Yellow 094 (CI 47005), Sicovit® Patent Blue 85 E 131 (CI 42051), Acid Blue 183 (CAS 12217-22-0, CI Acidblue 183), Pigment Blue 15 (CI 74160), Supranol® Blue GLW (CAS 12219-32-8, CI Acidblue 221)), Nylosan® Yellow N-7GL SGR (CAS 61814-57-1, CI Acidyellow 218) and / or Sandolan® Blue (CI Acid Blue 182, CAS 12219-26-0) for Commitment.

When choosing the colorant, care must be taken to ensure that the colorants do not have too strong an affinity for the textile surfaces and especially for synthetic fibers. At the same time, when choosing suitable colorants, it must also be taken into account that colorants have different stabilities against oxidation. Generally speaking, water-insoluble colorants are more stable to oxidation than water-soluble colorants. Depending on the solubility and thus also on the sensitivity to oxidation, the concentration of the colorant in the washing or cleaning agents varies. In the case of readily water-soluble colorants, e.g. B. the above-mentioned Basacid® green or the above-mentioned Sandolan® blue, colorant concentrations are typically selected in the range of a few 10 ^-2 to 10 ^-3 wt .-%. In the preferred because of their brilliance, but less water-soluble pigment dyes, for. B. the above-mentioned Pigmosol® dyes, the suitable concentration of the colorant in washing or cleaning agents, however, is typically a few 10 ^-3 to 10 ^-4 wt .-%.

The moldings can be optical brighteners of the derivative type of the diaminostilbene contain sulfonic acid or its alkali metal salts. Are suitable for. B. 4,4'-bis (2- anilino-4-morpholino-1,3,5-triazinyl-6-amino) stilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid or the like built-up compounds that instead of the morpholino group a diethanolamino group, a methylamino group, an anilino group or a 2-methoxyethylamino group Brighteners of the substituted diphenylstyryl type may also be present be, e.g. B. the alkali salts of 4,4'-bis (2-sulfostyryl) diphenyl, 4,4'-bis (4-chloro-3-sulfo styryl) diphenyl, or 4- (4-chlorostyryl) -4 '- (2-sulfostyryl) diphenyl. Mixtures of the aforementioned brighteners can be used. The optical brighteners are in the Detergent tablets according to the invention in concentrations between  0.01 and 1 wt .-%, preferably between 0.05 and 0.5 wt .-% and in particular between 0.1 and 0.25% by weight, based in each case on the entire molded body.

Fragrances are added to the agents according to the invention to give the aesthetic impression of the products to improve and the consumer in addition to the softness performance a visual and to provide "typical and unmistakable" product in terms of sensors. As Perfume oils or fragrances can individual fragrance compounds, e.g. B. the synthetic Products of the ester, ether, aldehyde, ketone, alcohol and hydrocarbon type be used. Fragrance compounds of the ester type are e.g. B. benzyl acetate, Phenoxyethyl isobutyrate, p-tert-butylcyclohexyl acetate, linalyl acetate, dimethylbenzyl carbinyl acetate, phenylethyl acetate, linalyl benzoate, benzyl formate, ethyl methylphenyl glycinate, allylcyclohexyl propionate, styrallyl propionate and benzyl salicylate. To the ethers include, for example, benzyl ethyl ether, the aldehydes z. B. the linear alkanals with 8-18 Carbon atoms, citral, citronellal, citronellyloxyacetaldehyde, cyclamenaldehyde, Hydroxycitronellal, Lilial and Bourgeonal, to the ketones z. B. the Jonone, ∝- Isomethyl ionone and methyl cedryl ketone, to the alcohols anethole, citronellol, eugenol, Geraniol, linalool, phenylethyl alcohol and terpineol, belong to the hydrocarbons mainly the terpenes like limes and pinene. However, mixtures are preferred different fragrances are used, which together produce an appealing fragrance. Such perfume oils can also contain natural fragrance mixtures such as those from plant sources are accessible, e.g. B. pine, citrus, jasmine, patchouly, rose or Ylang-ylang oil. Also suitable are muscatel, sage oil, chamomile oil, clove oil, Lemon balm oil, mint oil, cinnamon leaf oil, linden blossom oil, juniper berry oil, vetiver oil, Olibanum oil, galbanum oil and labdanum oil as well as orange blossom oil, neroliol, Orange peel oil and sandalwood oil.

The content of the inventive washing and Detergent tablets of fragrances up to 2% by weight of the total formulation. The fragrances can be incorporated directly into the agents according to the invention, it can but it may also be advantageous to apply the fragrances to carriers that detract from the adhesion of the Increase perfumes on the laundry and by a slower fragrance release for long-lasting fragrance of the textiles. As such carrier materials have become  For example, cyclodextrins have proven themselves, with the cyclodextrin-perfume complexes additionally can be coated with other auxiliaries.

Enzymes come from the class of proteases, lipases, amylases, cellulases or their mixtures in question. Bacterial strains or are particularly well suited Mushrooms such as Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis and Streptomyces griseus enzymatic agents. Proteases of the subtilisin type and in particular proteases obtained from Bacillus lentus are used. Are there Enzyme mixtures, for example from protease and amylase or protease and lipase or Protease and cellulase or from cellulase and lipase or from protease, amylase and Lipase or protease, lipase and cellulase, but especially cellulase-containing Mi of particular interest. Peroxidases or oxidases have also been found in some Cases proved to be suitable. The enzymes can be adsorbed on carriers and / or in Envelope substances must be embedded to protect them against premature decomposition. The amount of the enzymes, enzyme mixtures or enzyme granules in the inventive Shaped bodies can, for example, about 0.1 to 5 wt .-%, preferably 0.1 to about 2 wt .-% be.

In addition, the detergent tablets can also contain components contain, which positively influence the oil and fat washability from textiles (so-called soil repellents). This effect is particularly evident when a textile is soiled, which has previously been repeatedly washed with a detergent according to the invention, that contains this oil and fat-dissolving component. Among the preferred Oil and fat-dissolving components include, for example, nonionic cellulose ethers such as Methyl cellulose and methyl hydroxypropyl cellulose with a proportion of methoxyl Groups of 15 to 30% by weight and of hydroxypropoxyl groups of 1 to 15% by weight, each based on the nonionic cellulose ether, and those from the prior art Technically known polymers of phthalic acid and / or terephthalic acid or their Derivatives, in particular polymers of ethylene terephthalates and / or Polyethylene glycol terephthalates or anionically and / or nonionically modified Derivatives of these. Of these, the sulfonated derivatives of are particularly preferred Phthalic acid and terephthalic acid polymers.  

The production of washable and cleaning-active moldings is done by using Pressure on a mixture to be pressed, which is located in the cavity of a press. in the simplest case of molded article production, which subsequently simplifies tableting is called, the mixture to be tabletted directly, i. H. without previous Granulation pressed. The advantages of this so-called direct tableting are its simple and cost-effective application, since no further process steps and consequently also no further systems are required. However, these advantages also have disadvantages across from. For example, a powder mixture that is to be tabletted directly must have a have sufficient plastic deformability and good flow properties, it can also be used during storage, transportation and filling of the die show no tendency towards segregation. These three requirements are common to many Mixtures of substances are extremely difficult to master, so that the Direct tableting, especially in the manufacture of detergents and cleaning agents tablets is not used often. The usual way to make laundry and Detergent tablets therefore go from powdered components ("primary particles") from that by suitable methods to secondary particles with a larger particle diameter be agglomerated or granulated. These granules or mixtures of different Granules are then mixed with individual powdered additives and the Tableting fed.

Preferred washing and Detergent tablets are made by pressing a particulate premix from at least one surfactant-containing granulate and at least one subsequently admixed powdery component obtained. The surfactant-containing granules can using conventional granulation processes such as mixer and plate granulation, Fluid bed granulation, extrusion, pelleting or compacting can be produced. It is advantageous for the later detergent tablets if that Premix to be compressed has a bulk density of at least 500 g / l, preferably has at least 600 g / l and in particular above 700 g / l. Another advantage can from a narrower particle size distribution of the surfactant granules used result. In the context of the present invention, washing and Preferred detergent tablets in which the granules have particle sizes between  10 and 4000 µm, preferably between 100 and 2000 µm and in particular between 600 and have 1400 µm.

It is further preferred that the subsequently admixed component (s) Bleach activator (s) in the particle size distribution according to the invention comprises.

Before pressing the particulate premix to wash and The pre-mix with fine particles can form detergent tablets Surface treatment agents are "powdered". This can affect the texture and physical properties of both the premix (storage, pressing) and of the finished detergent tablets can be advantageous. Finely divided Powdering agents are well known in the prior art, mostly zeolites, silicates or other inorganic salts can be used. However, the premix is preferred "powdered" with finely divided zeolite, faujasite type zeolites being preferred. in the In the context of the present invention, the term “zeolite of the faujasite type” characterizes all three zeolites that form the faujasite subgroup of zeolite structure group 4 (Compare Donald W. Breck: "Zeolite Molecular Sieves", John Wiley & Sons, New York, London, Sydney, Toronto, 1974, page 92). In addition to the zeolite X, there are also zeolite Y and faujasite and mixtures of these compounds can be used, the pure zeolite X is preferred.

Mixtures or cocrystallizates of zeolites of the faujasite type with others Zeolites, which do not necessarily have to belong to the zeolite structure group 4, are as Powdering agent can be used, it being advantageous if at least 50% by weight of the Powdering agent consist of a zeolite of the faujasite type.

In the context of the present invention, detergent tablets are shaped preferred, which consist of a particulate premix, the granular Contains components and subsequently mixed powdery substances, the or one of the subsequently mixed powdered components a zeolite from faujasite Type with particle sizes below 100 µm, preferably below 10 µm and in particular is below 5 µm and is at least 0.2% by weight, preferably at least 0.5% by weight and makes up in particular more than 1% by weight of the premix to be pressed.  

The finely divided processing components with the particle sizes mentioned above can be mixed dry with the premix to be pressed. It is also possible and preferred, by adding small amounts of liquid substances to the "Glue" the surface of the coarser particles. These powdering processes are in State of the art broadly described and familiar to the expert. As a liquid Components that are suitable for promoting adhesion of the powdering agents can for example nonionic surfactants or aqueous solutions of surfactants or others Detergent and cleaning agent ingredients are used. As part of the present Invention, it is preferred as a liquid adhesion promoter between finely divided Powdering agent and the coarse particles of perfume.

To produce the moldings according to the invention, the premixes are in one so-called die between two stamps compressed into a solid compressed. This process, which is briefly referred to below as tabletting, is divided into four sections: metering, compression (elastic deformation), plastic deformation and expelling.

Tableting takes place in commercially available tablet presses, which are basically or double stamps can be equipped. In the latter case, not only Upper stamp used to build up pressure, also the lower stamp moves during the Pressing process towards the upper punch, while the upper punch presses down. For Small production quantities are preferably used with eccentric tablet presses which the one or more stamps are attached to an eccentric, which in turn on one Axis is mounted with a certain rotational speed. The movement of this Press ram is comparable to the way a conventional four-stroke engine works. The Pressing can be done with an upper and lower stamp, but it can also several stamps can be attached to an eccentric disc, the number of Die holes are expanded accordingly. The throughputs of eccentric presses vary depending on the type from a few hundred to a maximum of 3000 tablets per hour.

For larger throughputs, rotary tablet presses are selected, on which one so-called die table a larger number of dies is arranged in a circle.  The number of matrices varies between 6 and 55, depending on the model, with larger ones as well Matrices are commercially available. Each die on the die table is a top and Assigned lower stamp, whereby again the pressure is active only by the upper or Lower stamp, but can also be built up by both stamps. The matrix table and the stamps move about a common vertical axis, the Stamp with the help of rail-like cam tracks during the circulation in the positions for Filling, compression, plastic deformation and ejection are brought. To the Places where there is a particularly serious increase or decrease in the stamp is necessary (filling, compacting, ejecting), these cam tracks are additional low-pressure pieces, low-tension rails and lifting tracks supported. The The die is filled via a rigidly arranged feed device so-called filling shoe, which is connected to a storage container for the premixes. The pressure on the respective premix is via the press paths for top and Lower stamp individually adjustable, whereby the pressure build-up by rolling the Stamp shaft heads happen on adjustable pressure rollers.

Rotary presses can also be used with two or more to increase the throughput Filling shoes are provided. For the production of two- and multi-layer moldings several filling shoes are arranged one behind the other without the slightly pressed first Layer is ejected before further filling. Through appropriate litigation in this way, coated tablets and tablets can also be produced, some have onion-shell-like structure, the top of the Core or core layers is not covered and thus remains visible. Also Rotary tablet presses can be equipped with single or multiple tools, so that for example, an outer circle with 50 and an inner circle with 35 holes at the same time be used for pressing. The throughputs of modern rotary tablet presses amount to over a million molded articles per hour.

Tableting machines suitable for the purposes of the present invention are, for example available from the companies Apparatebau Holzwarth GbR, Asperg, Wilhelm Fette GmbH, Schwarzenbek, Hofer GmbH, Weil, KILIAN, Cologne, KOMAGE, Kell am See, KORSCH Pressen GmbH, Berlin, Mapag Maschinenbau AG, Bern (CH) and Courtoy N.V., Halle  (BE / LU). The hydraulic double pressure press HPF, for example, is particularly suitable 630 from LAEIS, D.

The moldings can be in a predetermined spatial shape and a predetermined size are manufactured, they always consist of several phases, i. H. Layers, inclusions or Cores and rings exist. Practically all sensibly manageable come as a room shape Configurations into consideration, for example, the training as a board, the staff or Bar shape, cubes, cuboids and corresponding room elements with flat side surfaces as well as in particular cylindrical configurations with circular or oval Cross-section. This last embodiment covers the presentation form of the tablet up to compact cylinder pieces with a ratio of height to diameter above 1.

The portioned compacts can each be separate individual elements be formed, the predetermined dosage of the washing and / or Corresponds to detergent. But it is also possible to form compacts, the one Connect a plurality of such mass units in one compact, in particular by predetermined breaking points make it easy to separate portioned smaller units is provided. For the use of textile detergents in machines of in Europe The usual type with horizontally arranged mechanics can form the portioned Compacts as tablets, in the shape of a cylinder or cuboid, are expedient, one Diameter / height ratio in the range of about 0.5: 2 to 2: 0.5 is preferred. Commercial hydraulic presses, eccentric presses or rotary presses are suitable Devices in particular for the production of such compacts.

The spatial shape of another embodiment of the shaped body is in its dimensions the induction chamber of commercial household washing machines adapted so that the Shaped bodies can be metered directly into the induction bowl without a metering aid, where they are dissolves during the induction process. It goes without saying that the Detergent tablets easily possible using a dosing aid.

Another preferred multi-phase molded body that can be produced has one slab-like or plate-like structure with alternating thick long and thin short  Segments, so that individual segments from this "multiphase bar" to the Predetermined breaking points, which represent the short thin segments, broken off and into the Machine can be entered. This principle of the "bar-shaped" Molded detergent can also be in other geometric shapes, for example vertically standing triangles that are only along one side on the other connected, can be realized. Here it lends itself for optical reasons Triangular base that connects the individual segments together as one phase form while the triangle tip forms the second phase. A different one Staining of both phases is particularly attractive in this embodiment.

After pressing, the detergent tablets have a high stability. The breaking strength of cylindrical shaped bodies can be determined via the measured variable of the diametrical breaking load. This can be determined according to

Here σ stands for diametral fracture stress (DFS) in Pa, P is the force in N, which leads to the pressure exerted on the molded body, the break of the shaped body, D is the shaped body diameter in meters and t is the height the molded body.  

Examples

For the production of bleach activator-containing detergent tablets a surfactant granulate mixed with other processing components and on one Eccentric tablet press pressed into shaped bodies. It was in the invention Example 1 a surfactant granulate produced by wet granulation and in Particle size range between 0.4 and 1.6 mm sieved, 50 wt .-% of Granules between 0.4 and 0.8 mm and 50% by weight of the granules between 0.8 and 1.6 mm were. For example 2 according to the invention, a surfactant granulate was used Melt extrusion is produced, which is characterized by a very uniform Particle size distribution (<90 wt .-% <0.8 mm) distinguished. For the Example 3 according to the invention, a perfume-containing premix was extruded, with a Perfume extrudate with a particle size distribution analogous to Example 2 resulted. The TAED added via the processing components depended on Shaped body series different particle size distributions. The composition The surfactant granules are given in Table 1 below, the composition of the pressing premixes (and thus the composition of the shaped bodies) can be found in Table 2. Table 3 shows the particle size distributions in the different Molded TAED types used.  

Table 1

Composition of the granules [% by weight]

Table 2

Preparation of the preparation [% by weight]

Table 3

Sieving numbers of the TAED types in% [mm]

The tablettable premixes became tablets in a Korsch eccentric press (Diameter: 44 mm, height: 22 mm, weight: 37.5 g) pressed. The Pressing pressure adjusted so that three series of molded bodies were obtained (E1,  E1 ', E1 ", E2, E2', E2", E3, E3 ', E3 ", V1, V1', V1", V2, V2 ', V2 "and V3, V3', V3"), that differ in their hardness.

The hardness of the tablets was measured by deforming the tablet until it broke, where the force applied to the side surfaces of the tablet and the maximum force that the Tablet withstood, was determined.

To determine tablet disintegration, the tablet was placed in a beaker with water placed (600 ml of water, temperature 30 ° C) and the time to complete Tablet disintegration measured. The experimental data of the individual tablet series show Tables 4, 5 and 6:

Table 4

Detergent tablets [physical data]

Table 5

Detergent tablets [physical data]

Table 6

Detergent tablets [physical data]

Claims (18)

1. Detergent tablets made of compressed particulate detergent and detergent, comprising bleach, bleach activator (s) and optionally further detergent and cleaning agent components, characterized in that at least 80% by weight of the bleach activator particles have a particle size above 0.6 mm exhibit. 2. Detergent tablets according to claim 1, characterized in that at least 40% by weight, preferably at least 50% by weight and in particular at least 60% by weight, the bleach activator particles have a particle size above 0.8 mm exhibit. 3. Detergent tablets according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized characterized in that the bleach activator (s) are substantially free of particles with Sizes below 0.2 mm are. 4. Detergent tablets according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized characterized in that it contains the bleach activator (s) in quantities of 0.5 to 30% by weight, preferably from 1 to 20% by weight and in particular from 2 to 15% by weight, in each case based on the entire detergent tablets. 5. Detergent tablets according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized characterized in that they contain tetraacetylethylene diamine (TAED) as a bleach activator. 6. Detergent tablets according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized characterized in that they consist of several phases, preferably layers, wherein the bleach activator (s) in at least one of the phases to more than 5% by weight, preferably more than 7.5% by weight and in particular more than 10% by weight, in each case based on the weight of the phase. 7. shaped detergent and cleaning product according to claim 6, characterized in that they consist of two or three phases, preferably layers, and only one phase  contains the bleach activator (s), while the remaining phase (s) are free of Are bleach activator. 8. Detergent tablets according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized characterized in that they are free of oligomeric oligocarboxylic acids, in particular Citric acid. 9. Detergent tablets according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized characterized in that they additionally contain a disintegration aid, preferably a Disintegration aid based on cellulose, preferably in granular, cogranulated or compacted form, in amounts of 0.5 to 10 wt .-%, preferably from 3 to 7 % By weight and in particular from 4 to 6% by weight, in each case based on the Molded body weight included. 10. Detergent tablets according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized characterized that they do not have a coating that covers the entire molded body covers, are coated. 11. Detergent tablets according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized characterized by being completely in water at 30 ° C in less than 60 seconds their secondary particles disintegrate. 12. Detergent tablets according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized characterized in that the shaped body further contains one or more surfactant (s). 13. Detergent tablets according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized characterized in that it consists of pressing a particulate premix at least one surfactant-containing granulate and at least one subsequently admixed powdery component were obtained. 14. Detergent tablets according to claim 13, characterized in that the granules using conventional granulation processes such as mixer and plate granulation,  Fluid bed granulation, extrusion, pelleting or compacting were. 15. Detergent tablets according to one of claims 13 or 14, characterized in that the granules have particle sizes between 10 and 4000 µm, preferably between 100 and 2000 microns and in particular between 600 and 1400 microns exhibit. 16. Detergent tablets according to one of claims 13 to 15, characterized characterized in that the subsequently admixed powdered component (s) comprises the bleach activator (s). 17. Detergent tablets according to one of claims 13 to 16, characterized characterized in that the premix to be compressed has a bulk density of at least 500 g / l, preferably at least 600 g / l and in particular above 700 g / l, having. 18. Detergent tablets according to one of claims 1 to 17, containing one or more substances from the group of builders, enzymes, pH Adjusting agents, fragrances, perfume carriers, fluorescent agents, dyes, foam inhibitors, Silicone oils, anti-redeposition agents, optical brighteners, graying inhibitors, Color transfer inhibitors and corrosion inhibitors.