DE19908026A1 - Abrasion-resistant detergent tablets with solid additives - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to washing and cleaning agent shaped bodies which, in addition to having high degrees of hardness and being easy to wash in, are characterized by exhibiting a high level of resistance to abrasion. The inventive shaped bodies can be obtained when 0.1 to 20 wt. %, with regard to the weight of the resulting shaped body, of one or more highly alkoxylated, non-ionic surfactants having more than 10 alkylene oxide units are added as solid preparation constituents to the premix to be compacted.

Description

The present invention is in the field of compact molded articles which are washable. and have cleaning-active properties. Such detergent and cleaning agent form bodies include, for example, detergent tablets for washing textiles, Detergent tablets for automatic dishwashing or hard cleaning Surfaces, bleach tablets for use in washing machines or dishwashers, Water softening tablets or stain tablets. In particular, concerns the Erfin dung Detergent tablets that are used to wash textiles in one Household washing machine used and briefly referred to as detergent tablets.

Detergent tablets are widely described in the prior art are becoming increasingly popular with consumers because of the simple dosage. Tableted detergents and cleaning agents have a number of powdered detergents Advantages: They are easier to dose and handle and because of their compact structure Advantages in storage and transport. Even in the Patentlite As a result, laundry detergent and cleaning product tablets are comprehensively described. On Problem that always occurs when using washing and cleaning active moldings occurs again, the too slow disintegration and dissolving speed of the shaped body is below Conditions of use. Because sufficiently stable, d. H. shape and break resistant shape body can only be produced by relatively high pressure, it comes to a strong compression of the molded parts and to a consequent  delayed disintegration of the shaped body in the aqueous liquor and thus to one slow release of the active substances in the washing or cleaning process. The ver hesitated disintegration of the moldings has the disadvantage that usual Detergent tablets not over the induction chamber of household Have the washing machine rinsed in as the tablets will not wash in quickly enough Secondary particles disintegrate that are small enough to go from the induction chamber into the wash drum to be washed in. Another problem, particularly with washing and Detergent tablets occur, the friability of the tablets or their often insufficient stability against abrasion. So can be sufficiently stable, d. H. hardness Detergent tablets are produced, but these are often the Bela packaging, transport and handling, d. H. Fall and rubbing stress gene, not sufficiently grown, so that edge breaking and abrasion the Er affect the appearance of the molded body or even to a complete destruction of the Lead molded structure.

Solutions to the problem of the friability and abrasion stability of washing and cleaning medium shaped bodies are used in the prior art, for example in the older German Patent application DE 198 41 146.4 (Henkel KGaA) disclosed. The Lö disclosed herein approach consists in the incorporation of liquid, non-surfactant binders into the compressing premixes.

Another solution to the problem of friability and abrasion stability exists the teaching of the unpublished German patent application DE 199 03 289.0 (Henkel KGaA) in it, the ratio of the nonionic contained in the moldings and anionic surfactants in the range from 0.4: 1 to 3: 1.

The use of surfactants in detergent tablets is an object numerous publications. Formulations rich in nonionic surfactants are used in particular re described in the following writings.  

European patent application EP 355 626 (Henkel KGaA) discloses a method for Production of phosphate-free or low-detergent tablets, in which at least two produces powdery to granular components (A) and (B) that are mixed and tablet be animals. Component (A) contains the total amount of anionic surfactants that Component (B) 75 to 100% of the total amount of nonionic surfactants.

The European patent application EP 466 485 (Unilever) also describes Waschmit tablets that contain builders and anionic and nonionic surfactants. The premix to be compressed here consists of particles which consist of 20 to 100% Anionic surfactant consist and preferably of anionic surfactant-free particles, the nonionic ent can hold. A ratio to keep between nonionic and anionic Surfactants are not disclosed in this document. The problem of poor abrasion stability is also not mentioned.

Detergent tablets, in addition to high amounts of non-ionic surfactant, potassium carbonate included, are described in European patent application EP 482 627 (Kao Corp.) ben. According to the teaching of this document, the solubility of the tablets is determined by a special Weight ratio between nonionic surfactant and potassium carbonate improved. Also this document does not disclose anion / nonionic surfactant ratios, nor does it refer to that Problem of abrasion stability addressed.

The use of ethoxylated alcohols whose average C chain length is less than 12 because at least 25% of the alkyl chains will be less than 12 carbon atoms in length in EP 598 586 (Unilever). In this document detergent tablets are the in addition to the nonionic surfactant also contain anionic surfactant, not explicitly described. A high one The degree of alkoxylation of the nonionic surfactants is just as little disclosed as the problem of Ab rubbed.

The present invention was based on the object of providing moldings which are characterized by short disintegration times with a given hardness and are thus also have it dispensed via the induction chamber of household washing machines. Additional  Lich to these requirements, the moldings should be against increased stability Fall and rubbing loads, d. H. an improved, d. H. reduced friability possess and have a reduced abrasion behavior. If at all possible the advantageous properties of the assembly of washing and cleaning agent ingredients can be achieved on the addition of "non-recipe" auxiliaries that no washing and cleaning performance to be able to do without.

It has now been found that highly alkoxylated nonionic surfactants give the moldings a give increased stability against abrasion when they are the premix to be pressed be added.

The present invention relates to a method for producing washing and Detergent tablets by mixing granules containing tenside with powder shaped processing components and subsequent shaping pressing, the is characterized in that the mixture to be compressed as a solid preparation component based on the weight of the resulting molded body 0.1 to 20 wt .-% one or more highly alkoxylated nonionic surfactants with more than 10 alkylene oxide units are added.

The highly alkoxylated nonionic surfactant (s) are added to the premix in the Process according to the invention added separately, d. H. they are not fully in existence part of the surfactant granules. According to the invention it is possible that the surfactant-containing Granules contains compounds that meet the above criteria however, the granules are preferably free of these compounds.

In preferred embodiments of the present invention, on the one hand, the amount in which the highly alkoxylated nonionic surfactants are added to the premix, and others on the one hand, the number of alkylene oxide units within a narrow range. Preferred Processes are characterized in that the mixture to be pressed is 0.15 to 10% by weight, preferably 0.2 to 5% by weight, particularly preferably 0.25 to 4% by weight and in particular 0.4 to 2% by weight of one or more highly alkoxylated nonionic ten  side with 10 to 100, preferably 20 to 80 and in particular 25 to 50 alkylene oxides units are added.

The term “alkylene oxide units” denotes in the context of the present invention the statistical mean of AO groups in a molecule of the nonionic surfactant in other words, the statistical average of the moles of alkylene oxide per mole Alcohol. Particularly suitable alkylene oxide units are ethylene oxide (EO) and Propylene oxide (PO) units technically interesting. The alkoxylates in question can can be obtained in a known manner from the alcohols and ethylene or propylene oxide. EO / PO mixtures are of course also within the scope of the present invention applicable.

The structure of the highly alkoxylated nonionic surfactants can be varied within wide limits. The alkyl radical is determined by the selection of the long-chain alcohol. Out For commercial reasons, the alcohols with 8 to 24 that are commercially available are Carbon atoms, especially native alcohols from the hydrogenation of carboxylic acids or carboxylic acid derivatives, preferred. Also from technical alcohol syntheses too Common alcohols such as oxo alcohols and Ziegler alcohols can be used.

The alcohols accessible from the hydrogenation of carboxylic acids are referred to as fatty alcohols since the acids are obtained from native fats and oils. These are not pure substances, but mixtures of substances, the composition of which can vary. In the context of the present invention, fatty alcohols which can be used as the alkyl radical of the highly alkoxylated nonionic surfactants are, for example, hexanol (capro alcohol), heptanol (enanthal alcohol), octanol (caprylic alcohol), nonanol (pelargon alcohol), decanol (capric alcohol), undecanol etc. Preference is given to the present Compound the use of fatty alcohols such as dodecanol (laurinyl alcohol), tetradecanol (myristinyl alcohol), hexadecanol (palmitinyl alcohol), octadecanol (stearinyl alcohol), eicosanol (arachinyl alcohol), docosanol (behenyl alcohol), tetracosanol (lignocerinyl alcohol), trisacanol alcohol, trisacanol alcohol, trisacotanol alcohol, ) as well as the unsaturated species 9c-hexadecenol (palmitoleyl alcohol), 6c-octadecenol (petroselinyl alcohol), 6t-octadecenol (petroselaidinyl alcohol), 9c-octadecenol (oleyl alcohol), 9t-octadecenol (elaineidyl alcohol), 9c, 12c 9t, 12t-octadecadienol (linolaidineyl alcohol) and 9c, 12c, 15c-octadecatreinol (linoleic nyl alcohol ). For reasons of cost, it is preferred not to use the pure species, but rather technical mixtures of the individual acids, as are obtainable from fat cleavage and subsequent hydrogenation. Such mixtures are, for example Koskos oil alcohol (about 6 wt .-% C _8, 6 wt .-% C ₁₀ 48 wt .-% C ₁₂ 18 wt .-% _C14, 10 wt .-% C _16, 2 wt .-% _C18, 8 wt .-% _{C18 ',} 1 wt .-% C _18'), palm kernel oil alcohol (about 4 wt .-% C _8, 5 wt .-% C _10, 50 wt % C ₁₂ , 15% by weight C ₁₄ , 7% by weight C ₁₆ , 2% by weight C ₁₈ , 15% by weight C _{18 '} , 1% by weight C _18' ), tallow alcohol (approx 3 wt% C ₁₄ , 26 wt% C ₁₆ , 2 wt% C _{16 '} , 2 wt% C ₁₇ , 17 wt% C ₁₈ , 44 wt% C _18' , 3 wt% C _{18 '} , 1 wt% C _18''' , hardened tallow alcohol (approx. 2 wt% C ₁₄ , 28 wt% C ₁₆ , 2 wt% C ₁₇ , 63 wt% C ₁₈ , 1 wt% C _{18 '} ), hydrogenated technical oleic acid (approx. 1 wt% C ₁₂ , 3 wt% C ₁₄ , 5 wt% C ₁₆ , 6 % By weight C _{16 '} , 1% by weight C ₁₇ , 2% by weight C ₁₈ , 70% by weight C _18' , 10% by weight C _{18 '} , 0.5% by weight C _{18 '''),} technical palmityl / stearyl alcohol (about 1 wt .-% C _12, 2 wt .-% C ₁₄ 45 wt .-% C _16, 2 wt .-% C ₁₇ 47 wt .-% C ₁₈ , 1% by weight C _{18 '} ) and hydrogenated soybean oil fatty acid (approx. 2% by weight % C ₁₄ , 15% by weight C ₁₆ , 5% by weight C ₁₈ , 25% by weight C _{18 '} , 45% by weight C _18' , 7% by weight C _{18 '''} ).

In processes preferred according to the invention, the alcohol residue conducts the highly alkoxylated non-ionic surfactants differ from fatty alcohols and / or oxo alcohols and have ket lengths from 8 to 24, preferably from 10 to 20, particularly preferably from 12 to 18 and in particular from 16 to 18 carbon atoms.

In the context of the present invention, fatty alcohol ethoxylates are particularly preferred as highly alkoxylated nonionic surfactants. Preferred processes according to the invention are accordingly characterized in that alcohol ethoxylates of the general formula are used as highly alkoxylated nonionic surfactants

C _n H _{2n + 1} O- (CH ₂ CH ₂ O) _m H

are used, in which n values from 8 to 24, preferably from 10 to 20, particularly preferably from 12 to 18 and in particular from 16 to 18 and m values of more than 10 preferably from 10 to 100, particularly preferably from 20 to 80 and in particular from 25 to Accept 50.

If one selects from this the particularly preferred chain length range from 16 to 18 carbon atoms and the particularly preferred degrees of ethoxylation from 25 to 50, the following compounds or mixtures (the technical mixtures) of these compounds are particularly suitable for use in the context of the present invention:

C ₁₆ H ₃₃ O- (CH ₂ CH ₂ O) ₂₅ H, C ₁₆ H ₃₃ O- (CH ₂ CH ₂ O) ₂₆ H, C ₁₆ H ₃₃ O- (CH ₂ CH ₂ O) ₂₇ H,
C ₁₆ H ₃₃ O- (CH ₂ CH ₂ O) ₂₈ H, C ₁₆ H ₃₃ O- (CH ₂ CH ₂ O) ₂₉ H, C ₁₆ H ₃₃ O- (CH ₂ CH ₂ O) ₃₀ H,
C ₁₆ H ₃₃ O- (CH ₂ CH ₂ O) ₃₁ H, C ₁₆ H ₃₃ O- (CH ₂ CH ₂ O) ₃₂ H, C ₁₆ H ₃₃ O- (CH ₂ CH ₂ O) ₃₃ H,
C ₁₆ H ₃₃ O- (CH ₂ CH ₂ O) ₃₄ H, C ₁₆ H ₃₃ O- (CH ₂ CH ₂ O) ₃₅ H, C ₁₆ H ₃₃ O- (CH ₂ CH ₂ O) ₃₆ H,
C ₁₆ H ₃₃ O- (CH ₂ CH ₂ O) ₃₇ H, C ₁₆ H ₃₃ O- (CH ₂ CH ₂ O) ₃₈ H, C ₁₆ H ₃₃ O- (CH ₂ CH ₂ O) ₃₉ H,
C ₁₆ H ₃₃ O- (CH ₂ CH ₂ O) ₄₀ H, C ₁₆ H ₃₃ O- (CH ₂ CH ₂ O) ₄₁ H, C ₁₆ H ₃₃ O- (CH ₂ CH ₂ O) ₄₂ H,
C ₁₆ H ₃₃ O- (CH ₂ CH ₂ O) ₄₃ H, C ₁₆ H ₃₃ O- (CH ₂ CH ₂ O) ₄₄ H, C ₁₆ H ₃₃ O- (CH ₂ CH ₂ O) ₄₅ H,
C ₁₆ H ₃₃ O- (CH ₂ CH ₂ O) ₄₆ H, C ₁₆ H ₃₃ O- (CH ₂ CH ₂ O) ₄₇ H, C ₁₆ H ₃₃ O- (CH ₂ CH ₂ O) ₄₈ H,
C ₁₆ H ₃₃ O- (CH ₂ CH ₂ O) ₄₉ H, C ₁₆ H ₃₃ O- (CH ₂ CH ₂ O) ₅₀ H,
C ₁₇ H ₃₅ O- (CH ₂ CH ₂ O) ₂₅ H, C ₁₇ H ₃₅ O- (CH ₂ CH ₂ O) ₂₆ H, C ₁₇ H ₃₅ O- (CH ₂ CH ₂ O) ₂₇ H,
C ₁₇ H ₃₅ O- (CH ₂ CH ₂ O) ₂₈ H, C ₁₇ H ₃₅ O- (CH ₂ CH ₂ O) ₂₉ H, C ₁₇ H ₃₅ O- (CH ₂ CH ₂ O) ₃₀ H,
C ₁₇ H ₃₅ O- (CH ₂ CH ₂ O) ₃₁ H, C ₁₇ H ₃₅ O- (CH ₂ CH ₂ O) ₃₂ H, C ₁₇ H ₃₅ O- (CH ₂ CH ₂ O) ₃₃ H,
C ₁₇ H ₃₅ O- (CH ₂ CH ₂ O) ₃₄ H, C ₁₇ H ₃₅ O- (CH ₂ CH ₂ O) ₃₅ H, C ₁₇ H ₃₅ O- (CH ₂ CH ₂ O) ₃₆ H,
C ₁₇ H ₃₅ O- (CH ₂ CH ₂ O) ₃₇ H, C ₁₇ H ₃₅ O- (CH ₂ CH ₂ O) ₃₈ H, C ₁₇ H ₃₅ O- (CH ₂ CH ₂ O) ₃₉ H,
C ₁₇ H ₃₅ O- (CH ₂ CH ₂ O) ₄₀ H, C ₁₇ H ₃₅ O- (CH ₂ CH ₂ O) ₄₁ H, C ₁₇ H ₃₅ O- (CH ₂ CH ₂ O) ₄₂ H,
C ₁₇ H ₃₅ O- (CH ₂ CH ₂ O) ₄₃ H, C ₁₇ H ₃₅ O- (CH ₂ CH ₂ O) ₄₄ H, C ₁₇ H ₃₅ O- (CH ₂ CH ₂ O) ₄₅ H,
C ₁₇ H ₃₅ O- (CH ₂ CH ₂ O) ₄₆ H, C ₁₇ H ₃₅ O- (CH ₂ CH ₂ O) ₄₇ H, C ₁₇ H ₃₅ O- (CH ₂ CH ₂ O) ₄₈ H,
C ₁₇ H ₃₅ O- (CH ₂ CH ₂ O) ₄₉ H, C ₁₇ H ₃₅ O- (CH ₂ CH ₂ O) ₅₀ H,
C ₁₈ H ₃₇ O- (CH ₂ CH ₂ O) ₂₅ H, C ₁₈ H ₃₇ O- (CH ₂ CH ₂ O) ₂₆ H, C ₁₈ H ₃₇ O- (CH ₂ CH ₂ O) ₂₇ H,
C ₁₈ H ₃₇ O- (CH ₂ CH ₂ O) ₂₈ H, C ₁₈ H ₃₇ O- (CH ₂ CH ₂ O) ₂₉ H, C ₁₈ H ₃₇ O- (CH ₂ CH ₂ O) ₃₀ H,
C ₁₈ H ₃₇ O- (CH ₂ CH ₂ O) ₃₁ H, C ₁₈ H ₃₇ O- (CH ₂ CH ₂ O) ₃₂ H, C ₁₈ H ₃₇ O- (CH ₂ CH ₂ O) ₃₃ H,
C ₁₈ H ₃₇ O- (CH ₂ CH ₂ O) ₃₄ H, C ₁₈ H ₃₇ O- (CH ₂ CH ₂ O) ₃₅ H, C ₁₈ H ₃₇ O- (CH ₂ CH ₂ O) ₃₆ H,
C ₁₈ H ₃₇ O- (CH ₂ CH ₂ O) ₃₇ H, C ₁₈ H ₃₇ O- (CH ₂ CH ₂ O) ₃₈ H, C ₁₈ H ₃₇ O- (CH ₂ CH ₂ O) ₃₉ H,
C ₁₈ H ₃₇ O- (CH ₂ CH ₂ O) ₄₀ H, C ₁₈ H ₃₇ O- (CH ₂ CH ₂ O) ₄₁ H, C ₁₈ H ₃₇ O- (CH ₂ CH ₂ O) ₄₂ H,
C ₁₈ H ₃₇ O- (CH ₂ CH ₂ O) ₄₃ H, C ₁₈ H ₃₇ O- (CH ₂ CH ₂ O) ₄₄ H, C ₁₈ H ₃₇ O- (CH ₂ CH ₂ O) ₄₅ H,
C ₁₈ H ₃₇ O- (CH ₂ CH ₂ O) ₄₆ H, C ₁₈ H ₃₇ O- (CH ₂ CH ₂ O) ₄₇ H, C ₁₈ H ₃₇ O- (CH ₂ CH ₂ O) ₄₈ H,
C ₁₈ H ₃₇ O- (CH ₂ CH ₂ O) ₄₉ H, C ₁₈ H ₃₇ O- (CH ₂ CH ₂ O) ₅₀ H.

It is preferred that the highly alkoxylated nonionic surfactants be added to the premix in solid form can be added, given the melting or softening point of these substances is not a problem. Compound or technical mixtures of the ge often do not have a clearly defined melting point, but have one Melting range or softening point, which extend over one to two degrees Celsius can. In the context of the present invention, methods are preferred in which the highly alkoxylated nonionic surfactants melting points between 30 and 100 ° C, before preferably between 30 and 75 ° C and in particular between 30 and 50 ° C.

In the process according to the invention, the premix to be pressed contains surfactant-containing Granulate (s) and other processing components. The production of surfactants Granules can be processed using conventional technical granulation processes such as compacting, Extrusion, mixer granulation, pelleting or fluidized bed granulation take place. It is advantageous for the later detergent tablets, if that too Compressing premix has a bulk density that is the usual compact detergent comes close. In particular, it is preferred that the Vorge to be pressed mix a bulk density of at least 500 g / l, preferably at least 600 g / l and in particular has at least 700 g / l.  

In preferred process variants, the granulate containing surfactant is sufficient for certain parts size criteria. Methods according to the invention are preferred in which the th granules containing particles particle sizes between 100 and 2000 microns, preferably between 200 and 1800 microns, particularly preferably between 400 and 1600 microns and in particular between between 600 and 1400 µm.

In addition to the active substances (anionic and / or nonionic and / or cationic and / or amphoteric surfactants), the surfactant granules preferably also contain a carrier fe, which particularly preferably come from the group of builders. Particularly advantageous Adherent processes are characterized in that the premix to be pressed Contains surfactant-containing granules which contain anionic and / or nonionic surfactants as well Contains builders and their total surfactant content 5 to 60 wt .-%, preferably 10 up to 50% by weight and in particular 15 to 40% by weight, in each case based on the surfactant granule lat.

To develop the washing performance, the surfactant granules contain surface-active sub punch from the group of anionic, nonionic, zwitterionic or cationi 's surfactants, anionic surfactants for economic reasons and because of their Range of services are clearly preferred.

Anionic surfactants used are, for example, those of the sulfonate and sulfate type. The surfactants of the sulfonate type are preferably C _9-13 -alkylbenzenesulfonates, olefin sulfonates, ie mixtures of alkene and hydroxyalkanesulfonates, and disulfonates such as are obtained, for example, from C _12-18 monoolefins having a terminal or internal double bond by sulfonating with gaseous Sulfur trioxide and subsequent alkaline or acidic hydrolysis of the sulfonation products is considered. Also suitable are alkanesulfonates obtained from C _12-18 alkanes, for example by sulfochlorination or sulfoxidation with subsequent hydrolysis or neutralization. Likewise, the esters of α-sulfofatty acids (ester sulfonates), e.g. B. the α-sulfonated methyl ester of hydrogenated coconut, palm kernel or tallow fatty acids is suitable.

Other suitable anionic surfactants are sulfonated fatty acid glycerol esters. Under fatty acid glyce The mono-, di- and triesters as well as their mixtures are to be understood as Rinestern, as in the production by esterification of a monoglycerin with 1 to 3 moles of fatty acid or obtained in the transesterification of triglycerides with 0.3 to 2 mol of glycerol. Before pulled sulfated fatty acid glycerol esters are the sulfonation products of saturated fat acids with 6 to 22 carbon atoms, for example caproic acid, caprylic acid, Ca. pric acid, myristic acid, lauric acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid or behenic acid.

As alk (en) yl sulfates, the alkali and in particular the sodium salts of the sulfuric acid semiesters of the C ₁₂ -C ₁₈ fatty alcohols, for example from coconut oil alcohol, tallow fatty alcohol, lauryl, myristyl, cetyl or stearyl alcohol or the C ₁₀ -C ₂₀ -Oxo alcohols and those half-esters of secondary alcohols of this chain length are preferred. Also preferred are alk (en) yl sulfates of the chain length mentioned, which contain a synthetic, straight-chain alkyl radical produced on a petrochemical basis and have a degradation behavior analogous to that of the adequate compounds based on oleochemical raw materials. The C ₁₂ -C ₁₆ alkyl sulfates and C ₁₂ -C ₁₅ alkyl sulfates as well as C ₁₄ -C ₁₅ alkyl sulfates are preferred from the point of view of washing technology. 2,3-Alkyl sulfates, which are produced for example in accordance with US Pat. Nos. 3,234,258 or 5,075,041 and can be obtained as commercial products from the Shell Oil Company under the name DAN®, are also suitable anionic surfactants.

The sulfuric acid monoesters of the straight-chain or branched C _7-21 alcohols ethoxylated with 1 to 6 mol of ethylene oxide, such as 2-methyl-branched C _9-11 alcohols with an average of 3.5 mol of ethylene oxide (EO) or C _12-18 -Fatty alcohols with 1 to 4 EO, are suitable. Because of their high foaming behavior, they are used in cleaning agents only in relatively small amounts, for example in amounts of 1 to 5% by weight.

Other suitable anionic surfactants are also the salts of alkylsulfosuccinic acid, which are also referred to as sulfosuccinates or as sulfosuccinic acid esters and which are monoesters and / or diesters of sulfosuccinic acid with alcohols, preferably fatty alcohols and especially ethoxylated fatty alcohols. Preferred sulfosuccinates contain C _8-18 fatty alcohol residues or mixtures thereof. Particularly preferred sulfosuccinates contain a fatty alcohol residue, which is derived from ethoxylated fatty alcohols, which in themselves are nonionic surfactants (description see below). Again, sulfosuccinates, the fatty alcohol residues of which are derived from ethoxylated fatty alcohols with a narrow homolog distribution, are particularly preferred. It is also possible to use alk (en) ylsuccinic acid with preferably 8 to 18 carbon atoms in the alk (en) yl chain or salts thereof.

Soaps are particularly suitable as further anionic surfactants. Are suitable saturated fatty acid soaps, such as the salts of lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, Stearic acid, hydrogenated erucic acid and behenic acid and in particular from natural Fatty acids, e.g. B. coconut, palm kernel or tallow fatty acids, derived soap mixtures.

The anionic surfactants including the soaps can be in the form of their sodium, potassium or ammonium salts and as soluble salts of organic bases, such as mono-, di- or Triethanolamine. The anionic surfactants are preferably in the form of their Sodium or potassium salts, especially in the form of the sodium salts.

In the context of the present invention, detergent tablets are shaped preferred, the 5 to 50 wt .-%, preferably 7.5 to 40 wt .-% and in particular 10 to Contain 20% by weight of anionic surfactant (s), based in each case on the weight of the shaped body.

When selecting the anionic surfactants that are used in the washing and cleaning agents according to the invention detergent tablets are used, there is no freedom of formulation in the way. Preferred washing and cleaning agents However, moldings have a soap content of 0.2% by weight, based on the Ge total weight of the molded body. Anionic surfactants to be used with preference are the alkylbenzenesulfonates and fatty alcohol sulfates, preferred washing and Detergent tablets 2 to 20 wt .-%, preferably 2.5 to 15 wt .-% and esp  special 5 to 10 wt .-% fatty alcohol sulfate (s), each based on the molded body important, included.

The nonionic surfactants used are preferably alkoxylated, advantageously ethoxylated, in particular primary alcohols having preferably 8 to 18 carbon atoms and on average 1 to 12 moles of ethylene oxide (EO) per mole of alcohol in which the alcohol residue is linear or preferably in the 2-position May be methyl branched or may contain linear and methyl branched radicals in the mixture, as are usually present in oxoalko radicals. In particular, however, alcohol ethoxylates with linear residues from alcohols of native origin with 12 to 18 carbon atoms, for. B. from coconut, palm, tallow or oleyl alcohol, and an average of 2 to 8 EO per mole of alcohol preferred. The preferred ethoxylated alcohols include, for example, C _12-14 alcohols with 3 EO or 4 EO, C _9-11 alcohol with 7 EO, C _13-15 alcohols with 3 EO, 5 EO, 7 EO or 8 EO, C _{12- 18} alcohols with 3 EO, 5 EO or 7 EO and mixtures thereof, such as mixtures of C _12-14 alcohol with 3 EO and _C12-18 alcohol containing 5 EO. The degrees of ethoxylation given represent statistical averages, which can be an integer or a fraction for a specific product. Preferred alcohol ethoxylates have a narrow homolog distribution (narrow range ethoxylates, NRE). In addition to these nonionic surfactants, fatty alcohols with more than 12 EO can also be used. Examples include tallow fatty alcohol with 14 EO, 25 EO, 30 EO or 40 EO.

Another class of preferred nonionic surfactants, which are used either as allei some nonionic surfactant or in combination with other nonionic surfactants are used are alkoxylated, preferably ethoxylated or ethoxylated and pro poxylated fatty acid alkyl esters, preferably having 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain, especially fatty acid methyl esters, as described, for example, in Japanese Pa tentanmeldung JP 58/217598 are described or which preferably according to the in ternational patent application WO-A-90/13533 who produced the.  

Another class of nonionic surfactants that can be used advantageously are the alkyl polyglycosides (APG). Alkypolyglycosides that can be used satisfy the general formula RO (G) _z , in which R denotes a linear or branched, in particular methyl-branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic radical having 8 to 22, preferably 12 to 18, carbon atoms and G is the symbol which stands for a glycosyl unit with 5 or 6 carbon atoms, preferably for glucose. The degree of glycosidation z is between 1.0 and 4.0, preferably between 1.0 and 2.0 and in particular between 1.1 and 1.4.

Linear alkyl polyglucosides, ie alkyl polyglycosides, are preferably used in de the polyglycosyl radical is a glucose radical and the alkyl radical is an n-alkyl radical.

The detergent tablets according to the invention can preferably Al Contain kylpolyglycoside, the contents of the molded body of APG over 0.2 wt .-%, be pulled on the entire molded body, are preferred. Particularly preferred washing and Detergent tablets contain APG in quantities of 0.2 to 10% by weight, preferably as 0.2 to 5 wt .-% and in particular from 0.5 to 3 wt .-%.

Also nonionic surfactants of the amine oxide type, for example N-cocoalkyl-N, N- dimethylamine oxide and N-tallow alkyl-N, N-dihydroxyethylamine oxide, and the fatty acid alka nolamides may be suitable. The amount of these nonionic surfactants is before preferably not more than that of the ethoxylated fatty alcohols, especially not more than half of it.

Other suitable surfactants are polyhydroxy fatty acid amides of the formula (I),

in the RCO stands for an aliphatic acyl radical having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, R ¹ for hydrogen, an alkyl or hydroxyalkyl radical with 1 to 4 carbon atoms and [Z] for a linear or branched polyhydroxyalkyl radical with 3 to 10 carbon atoms and 3 to 10 hydroxyl groups . The polyhydroxy fatty acid amides are known substances which can usually be obtained by reductive amination of a reducing sugar with ammonia, an alkylamine or an alkanolamine and subsequent acylation with a fatty acid, a fatty acid alkyl ester or a fatty acid chloride.

The group of polyhydroxy fatty acid amides also includes compounds of the formula (II)

in the R for a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl radical having 7 to 12 carbon atoms, R ¹ for a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl radical or an aryl radical with 2 to 8 carbon atoms and R ² for a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl radical or is an aryl radical or an oxyalkyl radical having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, C _1-4 -alkyl or phenyl radicals being preferred and [Z] being a linear polyhydroxyalkyl radical whose alkyl chain is substituted by at least two hydroxyl groups, or alkoxylated, preferably ethoxylated or propoxylated derivatives of this residue.

[Z] is preferably obtained by reductive amination of a reduced sugar, for example glucose, fructose, maltose, lactose, galactose, mannose or xylose. The N-alkoxy- or N-aryloxy-substituted compounds can then, for example, according to the teaching of international application WO-A-95/07331 by reaction with fatty acid remethyl esters in the presence of an alkoxide as a catalyst in the desired polyhy droxy fatty acid amides are transferred.  

As already mentioned above, the nonionic and anionic surfactants can the most varied routes in the detergents and cleaning agents according to the invention molded bodies are incorporated. You can add the premix to be pressed for example in solid form, or in liquid form from the premix be sprayed on. It has proven advantageous to produce surfactant granules which with other powdered components to the premix to be tabletted be mixed and pressed. Detergents and cleaning agents are according to the invention preferred molded articles which contain the surfactants in the form of a surfactant-containing granulate, that in amounts of 40 to 95 wt .-%, preferably from 45 to 85 wt .-% and in particular dere from 55 to 75 wt .-%, based in each case on the weight of the shaped body, in the shaped body pern is included.

To the desired amount of detergent active in the detergents and cleaning agents To incorporate molded articles, process variants are preferred in which the premix contains a surfactant-containing granulate, the surfactant contents of 5 to 60 wt .-%, preferably from 10 to 50% by weight and in particular from 15 to 40% by weight, in each case based on the Weight of the surfactant granules, has (see above). In particular washing and cleaning moldings, in which the content of the surfactant granules of anionic surfactants 5 to 45% by weight, preferably 10 to 40% by weight and in particular 15 to 35% by weight, each based on the weight of the surfactant granules, as well as washing and cleaning agents moldings in which the content of the surfactant granules of nonionic tensi 1 to 30% by weight, preferably 5 to 25% by weight and in particular 7.5 to 20% by weight, each based on the weight of the surfactant granules are be according to the invention prefers.

In order to obtain storage-stable and free-flowing surfactant granules, it is preferred if carrier substances are added in the manufacture of the surfactant granules, the surfactant granules thus contain scaffolding substances. Other ingredients of washing and cleaning agents, in particular so-called small components such as optical brighteners, polymers, Defoamers, phosphonates, colors and fragrances can be part of the surfactant granulate his. These substances are described below.  

In the second step of the process according to the invention, the surfactant granules are expanded Ren ingredients of detergents and cleaning agents to a pressable premix mixed and then tabletted. Here, the production of Detergent tablets are preferred, so that preferred variants of the ver driving are characterized in that the proportion of the surfactant-containing granules to compressing premix and thus on the detergent tablets 40 to 95 wt .-%, preferably 45 to 85 wt .-% and in particular 55 to 75 wt .-%, each Weil is based on the weight of the detergent tablets.

As a component of the surfactant granules, but also as an optional addition to the premix added processing components are builders important ingredients of Detergents and cleaning agents. In addition to the detergent substances, builders are the most important ingredients of washing and cleaning agents. In the invention Detergent tablets can all usually be in detergents and Builders used in cleaning agents, in particular zeolites, Silicates, carbonates, organic cobuilders and - where no ecological prejudices against their use persists - including the phosphates.

The finely crystalline, synthetic and bound water-containing zeolite used is preferably zeolite A and / or P. As zeolite P, zeolite MAP® (commercial product from Crosfield) is particularly preferred. However, zeolite X and mixtures of A, X and / or P are also suitable. Commercially available and can preferably be used in the context of the present invention, for example a co-crystallizate of zeolite X and zeolite A (approx. 80% by weight zeolite X), which is sold by CONDEA Augusta SpA under the brand name VEGOBOND AX® and by the formula

n Na ₂ O. (1-n) K ₂ O. Al ₂ O _3. (2-2.5) SiO _2. (3.5-5.5) H ₂ O

can be described. Suitable zeolites have an average particle size of we less than 10 µm (volume distribution; measurement method: Coulter Counter) on and included preferably 18 to 22% by weight, in particular 20 to 22% by weight of bound water.

Crystalline, layered sodium silicates suitable as builders have the general formula NaMSi _x O _{2x + 1} .H ₂ O, where M is sodium or hydrogen, x is a number from 1.9 to 4 and y is a number from 0 to 20 and is preferred Values for x are 2, 3 or 4. Such crystalline layered silicates are described, for example, in European patent application EP-A-0 164 514. Preferred crystalline layered silicates of the given formula are those in which M represents sodium and x assumes the values 2 or 3. In particular, both β- and δ-sodium disilicate Na ₂ Si ₂ O ₅ .yH ₂ O are preferred, wherein β-sodium disilicate can be obtained, for example, by the method described in international patent application WO-A-91/08171.

Amorphous sodium silicates with an N ₂ O: SiO ₂ modulus from 1: 2 to 1: 3.3, preferably from 1: 2 to 1: 2.8 and in particular from 1: 2 to 1: 2.6, can also be used are delayed and have secondary washing properties. The delay in dissolution compared to conventional amorphous sodium silicates can be caused in various ways, for example by surface treatment, compounding, compaction / compression or by overdrying. In the context of this invention, the term “amorphous” is also understood to mean “X-ray amorphous”. This means that the silicates in X-ray diffraction experiments do not provide sharp X-ray reflections, as are typical for crystalline substances, but at most one or more maxima of the scattered X-rays, which have a width of several degree units of the diffraction angle. However, it can very well lead to particularly good builder properties if the silicate particles deliver washed-out or even sharp diffraction maxima in electron diffraction experiments. This is to be interpreted in such a way that the products have microcrystalline ranges of size 10 to a few hundred nm, values up to max. 50 nm and in particular up to max. 20 nm are preferred. Such so-called X-ray amorphous silicates, which also have a release delay compared to the conventional water glass glasses, are described for example in German patent application DE-A-44 00 024. Particularly preferred are compressed / compacted amorphous silicates, compounded amorphous silicates and over-dried X-ray amorphous silicates.

If desired, you can use the menu that is usually introduced through the surfactant granulate ge on P- and / or X-type zeolite, further zeolite is incorporated into the premix be by adding zeolite as a treatment component. The one used finely crystalline, synthetic and bound water-containing zeolite is preferred a type A, P, X or Y zeolite. However, zeolite X and mixture are also suitable gen from A, X and / or P. Suitable zeolites have an average particle size of we less than 10 µm (volume distribution; measurement method: Coulter Counter) on and included preferably 18 to 22% by weight, in particular 20 to 22% by weight of bound water.

It goes without saying that the generally known phosphates are also used as buildersub punching possible, provided that such use is not avoided for ecological reasons should be. The sodium salts of orthophosphates, the py rophosphates and especially the tripolyphosphates.

As organic cobuilders in the washing and cleaning agents according to the invention Telformkörper in particular polycarboxylates / polycarboxylic acids, polymeric polycarboxy latex, aspartic acid, polyacetals, dextrins, other organic cobuilders (see below) and phosphonates are used. These classes of substances are described below ben.

Usable organic builders are, for example, those in the form of their sodium salt ze usable polycarboxylic acids, such polycarboxylic acids among polycarboxylic acids can be understood that carry more than one acid function. For example, these are Citro Nenoic acid, adipic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, maleic acid, Fumaric acid, sugar acids, aminocarboxylic acids, nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), if one such use is not objectionable for ecological reasons, as well as mixtures from these. Preferred salts are the salts of polycarboxylic acids such as citric acid, Adi  Pinic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, tartaric acid, sugar acids and mixtures of the sen.

The acids themselves can also be used. The acids have besides their buil the effect typically also the property of an acidifying component and serve thus also for setting a lower and milder pH value of washing or Detergents. In particular, citric acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, Adipic acid, gluconic acid and any mixtures of these.

Polymeric polycarboxylates are also suitable as builders, for example those Alkali metal salts of polyacrylic acid or polymethacrylic acid, for example those with a molecular weight of 500 to 70,000 g / mol.

In the context of this document, the molecular weights given for polymeric polycarboxylates are weight-average molecular weights M _{W of} the particular acid form, which were determined in principle by means of gel permeation chromatography (GPC), using a UV detector. The measurement was carried out against an external polyacrylic acid standard, which provides realistic molecular weight values due to its structural relationship with the investigated polymers. This information differs significantly from the molecular weight information for which polystyrene sulfonic acids are used as standard. The molecular weights measured against polystyrene sulfonic acids are generally significantly higher than the molecular weights given in this document.

Suitable polymers are in particular polyacrylates, which preferably have a molecular weight of Have 2000 to 20,000 g / mol. Because of their superior solubility, the This group in turn the short-chain polyacrylates, the molecular weights from 2000 to 10,000 g / mol, and particularly preferably from 3000 to 5000 g / mol, preferably his.

Also suitable are copolymeric polycarboxylates, especially those of acrylic acid with methacrylic acid and acrylic acid or methacrylic acid with maleic acid. As a special copolymers of acrylic acid with maleic acid, 50 to  Contain 90 wt .-% acrylic acid and 50 to 10 wt .-% maleic acid. Your relative mole Cooling mass, based on free acids, is generally from 2000 to 70,000 g / mol preferably 20,000 to 50,000 g / mol and in particular 30,000 to 40,000 g / mol.

The (co) polymeric polycarboxylates can be either as a powder or as an aqueous solution be used. The content of (co) polymeric polycarboxylates in the agent is before preferably 0.5 to 20% by weight, in particular 3 to 10% by weight.

To improve water solubility, the polymers can also allylsulfonic acids, such as for example, allyloxybenzenesulfonic acid and methallylsulfonic acid, as a monomer ten.

Biodegradable polymers of more than two ver. Are also particularly preferred different monomer units, for example those that act as monomers salts of acrylic acid and maleic acid and vinyl alcohol or vinyl alcohol derivatives or as Monomeric salts of acrylic acid and 2-alkylallylsulfonic acid as well as sugar derivatives contain.

Further preferred copolymers are those which are described in German patent applications DE- A-43 03 320 and DE-A-44 17 734 are described and preferably as monomers Have acrolein and acrylic acid / acrylic acid salts or acrolein and vinyl acetate.

Likewise, further preferred builder substances are polymeric aminodicarboxylic acids, to name their salts or their precursors. Polyas are particularly preferred paraginic acids or their salts and derivatives, of which in the German patent application dung DE-A-195 40 086 discloses that, in addition to cobuilder properties, it also has a have a bleach-stabilizing effect.

Other suitable builder substances are polyacetals, which are produced by the implementation of Dial dehyden with polyol carboxylic acids, which have 5 to 7 carbon atoms and at least 3 hydroxyl have groups that can be obtained. Preferred polyacetals are from Dialde  hyden such as glyoxal, glutaraldehyde, terephthalaldehyde and their mixtures and from Obtained polyol carboxylic acids such as gluconic acid and / or glucoheptonic acid.

Other suitable organic builder substances are dextrins, for example oligomers or polymers of carbohydrates obtained by partial hydrolysis of starches can be. The hydrolysis can be carried out according to conventional methods, for example acid or enzyme lysed procedures are carried out. It is preferably hydrolysis pro Products with average molecular weights in the range of 400 to 500,000 g / mol. There is a poly saccharide with a dextrose equivalent (DE) in the range of 0.5 to 40, in particular from 2 to 30 preferred, DE being a common measure of the reducing effect of a polysaccharide compared to dextrose, which has a DE of 100. Both maltodextrins with a DE between 3 and 20 and dry glu can be used cosesirupe with a DE between 20 and 37 as well as so-called yellow dextrins and White dextrins with higher molar masses in the range from 2000 to 30,000 g / mol.

The oxidized derivatives of such dextrins are their reaction products with oxidizing agents which are capable of oxidizing at least one alcohol function of the saccharide ring to the carboxylic acid function. Such oxidized dextrins and processes for their preparation are known, for example, from European patent applications EP-A-0 232 202, EP-A-0 427 349, EP-A-0 472 042 and EP-A-0 542 496 and international patent applications WO 92/18542, WO 93/08251, WO 93/16110, WO 94/28030, WO 95/07303, WO 95/12619 and WO 95/20608 are known. An oxidized oligosaccharide according to German patent application DE-A-196 00 018 is also suitable. A product oxidized at C _{6 of} the saccharide ring can be particularly advantageous.

Also oxydisuccinates and other derivatives of disuccinates, preferably ethylenedia mindisuccinate are other suitable cobuilders. Here, ethylenediamine-N, N'- disuccinate (EDDS) preferably used in the form of its sodium or magnesium salts. Glycerol disuccinates and Gly are also preferred in this context  cerintrisuccinate. Suitable amounts are in zeolite and / or silicate salts gene formulations at 3 to 15 wt .-%.

Other useful organic cobuilders are, for example, acetylated hydroxycarbon acids or their salts, which may optionally also be in lactone form, and which have at least 4 carbon atoms and at least one hydroxyl group and maxi contain two acid groups. Such cobuilders are used, for example, in the inter national patent application WO 95/20029.

Another class of substances with cobuilder properties are the phosphonates it is in particular hydroxyalkane or aminoalkanephosphonates. Under the hydroxyalkane phosphonates is 1-hydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphonate (HEDP) from of particular importance as a cobuilder. It is preferably used as the sodium salt the disodium salt being neutral and the tetrasodium salt being alkaline (pH 9). As Aminoalkane phosphonates preferably come from ethylenediaminetetramethylenephosphonate (EDTMP), diethylenetriaminepentamethylenephosphonate (DTPMP) and their higher Ho mologist in question. They are preferably in the form of the neutral sodium salts, e.g. B. as the hexasodium salt of EDTMP or as the hepta- and octa-sodium salt of DTPMP, used. HEDP is preferred as a builder from the phosphonate class turns. The aminoalkanephosphonates also have a pronounced heavy metal bin de assets. Accordingly, it can, especially if the agent also ent bleach hold, be preferred to use aminoalkane phosphonates, in particular DTPMP, or To use mixtures of the phosphonates mentioned.

In addition, all compounds that are capable of complexing with alkaline earth train ions as cobuilders.

The production of surfactant-containing granules is widely described in the prior art, wherein in addition to extensive patent literature, numerous review articles and monogra phien can be used. This is how W. Hermann de Groot, I. Adami, G. F. Moretti "The Manufacture of Modern Detergent Powders", Hermann de Groot Academic  Publisher, Wassenaar, 1995 various spray drying, mixing and granulating processes ren for the production of detergents and cleaning agents.

For energetic reasons, it is preferred in the context of the present invention if the surfactant-containing granules are not spray dried, but by a granulation process ren is manufactured. In addition to the conventional granulation and agglomeration processes, carried out in a wide variety of mixing granulators and mixing agglomerators press agglomeration processes can also be used, for example. Procedure ren, in which the surfactant-containing granules by granulation, agglomeration, press agglome ration or a combination of these methods are therefore preferred.

The granulation can be found in a wide variety of industries in the detergent and cleaning agent industries usually used apparatus can be carried out. For example, it is possible Lich to use the rounding agents common in pharmacy. In such a turntable app temperatures, the residence time of the granules is usually less than 20 seconds. Also conventional mixers and mixing granulators are suitable for granulation. As Wed Shearers can use both high-intensity shear mixers and normal ones Mixers with lower circulation speeds can be used. Suitable mixers are, for example, Eirich® mixers of the R or RV series (trademarks of the machines factory Gustav Eirich, Hardheim), the Schugi® Flexomix, the Fukae® FS-G mixer (Wa trademark of Fukae Powtech, Kogyo Co., Japan), the Lödige® FM, KM and CB Mixer (trademark of Lödige Maschinenbau GmbH, Paderborn) or the Drais® Series T or K-T (trademark of Drais-Werke GmbH, Mannheim). The dwell times the granules in the mixers are in the range of less than 60 seconds, the Dwell time also depends on the speed of rotation of the mixer. Shorten this the faster the mixer runs, the dwell times accordingly. These are preferably Residence times of the granules in the mixer / rounder are less than one minute, preferably less than 15 seconds. In slow running mixers, e.g. B. a Lödige KM, become lingering times of up to 20 minutes, with dwell times of less than 10 minutes due to the Process economics are preferred.  

In the press agglomeration process, the surfactant-containing granules are under pressure and compressed under the influence of shear forces and homogenized and then discharged form-giving from the apparatus. The most technically significant press agglomerates tion processes are extrusion, roller compaction, pelleting and ta blett. In the context of the present invention, preferably for the preparation of the surfactant Pressed agglomeration processes containing granules are extrusion, the whale zen compacting and pelleting.

In order to facilitate the disintegration of highly compressed moldings, it is possible to disintegrate on aids, so-called tablet disintegrants, to incorporate them into the disintegration to shorten times. Under tablet disintegrants or disintegrators according to Römpp (9th edition, vol. 6, p. 4440) and Voigt "Textbook of pharmaceutical Technologie "(6th edition, 1987, pp. 182-184) understood auxiliary substances that are necessary for the rapid Disintegration of tablets in water or gastric juice and for the release of the pharmaceuticals in provide resorbable form.

These substances, which are also referred to as "explosives" due to their effect, ver increase their volume when water enters, and on the one hand increases their own volume (Swelling), on the other hand, a pressure can be generated via the release of gases which can break the tablet into smaller particles. Well-known disintegration aid medium are, for example, carbonate / citric acid systems, but also other organic ones Acids can be used. Swelling disintegration aids are, for example synthetic polymers such as polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) or natural polymers or mo differentiated natural substances such as cellulose and starch and their derivatives, alginates or casein Derivatives.

Preferred detergent tablets contain 0.5 to 10% by weight preferably 3 to 7% by weight and in particular 4 to 6% by weight of one or more disinfectants Gration aids, each based on the weight of the molded body.  

Disintegrants based on cellulose are used as preferred disintegrants in the context of the present invention, so that preferred laundry detergents and cleaning agents form such a disintegrant based on cellulose in amounts of 0.5 to 10% by weight, preferably 3 to 7% by weight and in particular Contain 4 to 6 wt .-%. Pure cellulose has the formal gross composition (C ₆ H ₁₀ O ₅ ) _n and, formally speaking, is a β-1,4-polyacetal of cellobiose, which in turn is made up of two molecules of glucose. Suitable celluloses consist of approximately 500 to 5000 glucose units and consequently have average molecular weights of 50,000 to 500,000. Cellulose-based disintegrants which can be used in the context of the present invention are also cellulose derivatives which can be obtained from cellulose by polymer-analogous reactions. Such chemically modified celluloses include, for example, products from esterifications or etherifications in which hydroxy hydrogen atoms have been substituted. However, celluloses in which the hydroxyl groups have been replaced by functional groups which are not bound via an oxygen atom can also be used as cellulose derivatives. The group of cellulose derivatives includes, for example, alkali celluloses, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), cellulose esters and ethers and aminocelluloses. The cellulose derivatives mentioned are preferably used not only as cellulose-based disintegrants, but rather in a mixture with cellulose. The content of cellulose derivatives in these mixtures is preferably below 50% by weight, particularly preferably below 20% by weight, based on the cellulose-based disintegrant. Pure cellulose which is free from cellulose derivatives is particularly preferably used as a cellulose-based disintegrant.

The cellulose used as disintegration aid is preferably not finely divided form, but before mixing into the premixes to be pressed converted into a coarser form, for example granulated or compacted. Washing and Detergent tablets, the disintegrant in granular or optionally cogranu Contained form, are in the German patent applications DE 197 09 991 (Ste fan Herzog) and DE 197 10 254 (Henkel) and the international patent application WO 98/40463 (Henkel). These writings are also more detailed information on the Her  position of granulated, compacted or cogranulated cellulose disintegrants men. The particle sizes of such disintegrants are usually above 200 μm, preferably at least 90% by weight between 300 and 1600 µm and in particular to at least 90% by weight between 400 and 1200 µm. The above and in the writings cited described coarser disintegration aids on cellulose In the context of the present invention, bases are preferred as disintegration aids used and commercially, for example under the name Arbocel® TF-30-HG by available from Rettenmaier.

As a further disintegrant based on cellulose or as part of this compo microcrystalline cellulose can be used. This microcrystalline cellulose is obtained by partial hydrolysis of celluloses under conditions that only attack the amorphous areas (approx. 30% of the total cellulose mass) of the celluloses and dissolve completely, but leave the crystalline areas (approx. 70%) undamaged. A subsequent disaggregation of the microfine cellulo produced by the hydrolysis sen supplies the microcrystalline celluloses, which have primary particle sizes of approx. 5 µm sen and, for example, to granules with an average particle size of 200 microns are pactable.

Methods are therefore preferred in the context of the present invention in which this is pressing premix additionally a disintegration aid, preferably a Disintegration aid based on cellulose, preferably in granular, cogranulated or compacted form, in amounts of 0.5 to 10 wt .-%, preferably from 3 to 7 wt .-% and in particular from 4 to 6 wt .-%, each based on the weight of the Vor mixed, contains.

In more preferred methods, the premix additionally contains one or more Substances from the group of bleaching agents, bleach activators, enzymes, pH regulators, fragrances substances, perfume carriers, fluorescent agents, dyes, foam inhibitors, silicone oils, antire deposition agents, optical brighteners, graying inhibitors, color transfer inhibitors and corrosion inhibitors. These substances are described below.  

Among the compounds which serve as bleaching agents and supply H ₂ O ₂ in water, sodium perborate tetrahydrate and sodium perborate monohydrate are of particular importance. Other bleaching agents that can be used are, for example, sodium percarbonate, peroxypyrophosphates, citrate perhydrates and H ₂ O ₂ -producing peracidic salts or peracids, such as per benzoates, peroxophthalates, diperazelaic acid, phthaloiminoperacid or diperdodecanedioic acid. Even when using the bleaching agents, it is possible to dispense with the use of surfactants and / or builders, so that pure bleach tablets can be produced. If such bleach tablets are to be used for washing textiles, a combination of sodium percarbonate with sodium sesquicarbonate is preferred, regardless of what other ingredients are contained in the moldings. If cleaning tablets or bleach tablets for machine dishwashing are manufactured, bleaching agents from the group of organic bleaching agents can also be used. Typical organic bleaches are the diacyl peroxides, such as. B. dibenzoyl peroxide. Other typical organic bleaching agents are the peroxy acids, examples of which include the alkyl peroxy acids and the aryl peroxy acids. Preferred representatives are (a) the peroxybenzoic acid and its ring-substituted derivatives, such as alkylperoxybenzoic acids, but also peroxy-α-naphthoic acid and magnesium monoperphthalate, (b) the aliphatic or substituted aliphatic peroxyacids, such as peroxylauric acid, peroxystearic acid, ε-phthalimidthanoic acidoperoximinoxy acid (PAP)], o-carboxybenzamidoperoxycaproic acid, N-nonenylamidoperadipic acid and N-nonenylamidopersuccinate, and (c) aliphatic and araliphatic peroxydicarboxylic acids, such as 1,12-diperoxycarboxylic acid, 1,9-diperoxyazelaic acid, diperocysebacynoic acid, diperoxydiacid acid, diperoxane -1,4-diacid, N, N-terephthaloyl-di (6-aminopercapronic acid) can be used.

Chlorine or. Can also be used as bleaching agents in moldings for automatic dishwashing Bromine-releasing substances are used. Among the appropriate chlorine or bromine releasing materials come for example heterocyclic N-bromine and N- Chloramides, for example trichloroisocyanuric acid, tribromoisocyanuric acid, Dibromo isocyanuric acid and / or dichloroisocyanuric acid (DICA) and / or their salts with  Cations such as potassium and sodium are considered. Hydantoin compounds such as 1,3-dichloro- 5,5-dimethylhydanthoin are also suitable.

To be a better choice when washing or cleaning at temperatures of 60 ° C and below To achieve the greatest bleaching effect, bleach activators can be incorporated into the premix be prepared. As bleach activators can be compounds that are under perhydrolysis aliphatic peroxocarboxylic acids with preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms, in particular whose 2 to 4 carbon atoms, and / or optionally substituted perbenzoic acid, be used. Suitable substances are the O and / or N-acyl groups of the ge mentioned number of carbon atoms and / or optionally substituted benzoyl groups. Before multiply acylated alkylenediamines, in particular tetraacetylethylenediamine, are added (TAED), acylated triazine derivatives, especially 1,5-diacetyl-2,4-dioxohexahydro-1,3,5- triazine (DADHT), acylated glycolurils, especially tetraacetylglycoluril (TAGU), N- Acylimides, especially N-nonanoylsuccinimide (NOSI), acylated phenol sulfonates, especially special n-nonanoyl or isononanoyloxybenzenesulfonate (n- or iso-NOBS), carboxylic acid reanhydrides, especially phthalic anhydride, acylated polyhydric alcohols, in particular special triacetin, ethylene glycol diacetate and 2,5-diacetoxy-2,5-dihydrofuran.

In addition to the conventional bleach activators or in their place, too so-called bleaching catalysts can be incorporated into the moldings. With this stuff fen are bleach-enhancing transition metal salts or transition metal complexes such as Mn, Fe, Co, Ru or Mo salt complexes or - carbonyl complexes. Also Mn, Fe, Co, Ru, Mo, Ti, V and Cu complexes with N- containing tripod ligands and Co, Fe, Cu and Ru amine complexes are bleached catalysts can be used.

Enzymes come from the class of proteases, lipases, amylases, cellulases or their mixtures in question. Bacterial strains or are particularly well suited Mushrooms such as Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis and Streptomyces griseus enzymatic agents. Proteases of the subtilisin type and esp special proteases obtained from Bacillus lentus. Here are En  enzyme mixtures, for example of protease and amylase or protease and lipase or Protease and cellulase or from cellulase and lipase or from protease, amylase and Li pase or protease, lipase and cellulase, but especially cellulase-containing Mi of particular interest. Peroxidases or oxidases are also in one proven cases. The enzymes can be adsorbed on carriers and / or be embedded in coating substances to protect them against premature decomposition. The Proportion of the enzymes, enzyme mixtures or enzyme granules in the inventive Moldings can, for example, about 0.1 to 5 wt .-%, preferably 0.1 to about 2% by weight.

In addition, the detergent tablets can also ent components hold, which positively influence the oil and fat washability from textiles (so-called called soil repellents). This effect is particularly evident when a textile is dirty is already several times with a detergent according to the invention, this Contains oil and fat-dissolving component, was washed. Among the preferred oil and fat-dissolving components include, for example, nonionic cellulose ethers such as methyl cellulose and methylhydroxy-propyl cellulose with a proportion of methoxyl groups from 15 to 30 wt .-% and of hydroxypropoxyl groups from 1 to 15 wt .-%, each bezo gene on the nonionic cellulose ether, as well as those known from the prior art Polymers of phthalic acid and / or terephthalic acid or their derivatives, in particular special polymers of ethylene terephthalates and / or polyethylene glycol terephthalates or anionically and / or nonionically modified derivatives of these. Especially be of these, the sulfonated derivatives of phthalic and terephthalic acids are preferred re-polymers.

The moldings can be derivatives of diaminostilbenedisulfonic acid as optical brighteners or their alkali metal salts. Are suitable for. B. Salts of 4,4'-bis (2-anilino-4- morpholino-1,3,5-triazinyl-6-amino) stilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid or the like Compounds which, instead of the morpholino group, a diethanolamino group, a Me wear thylamino group, an anilino group or a 2-methoxyethylamino group. Wei thereafter brighteners of the substituted diphenylstyryl type may be present, e.g. B.  the alkali salts of 4,4'-bis (2-sulfostyryl) diphenyl, 4,4'-bis (4-chloro-3-sulfostyryl) - diphenyls, or 4- (4-chlorostyryl) -4 '- (2-sulfostyryl) diphenyls. Mixtures of the pre named brighteners can be used.

Dyes and fragrances become the detergent and cleaning agent form according to the invention added bodies to improve the aesthetic impression of the products and Ver besides the washing and cleaning performance, users need a "visually and sensory" typical and distinctive "product. As perfume oils or fragrances individual fragrance compounds, e.g. B. the synthetic products of the type Esters, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, alcohols and hydrocarbons can be used. Fragrance compounds of the ester type are e.g. B. benzyl acetate, phenoxyethyl isobuty rat, p-tert-butylcyclohexyl acetate, linalyl acetate, dimethylbenzyl-carbinyl acetate, phenyls thylacetate, linalyl benzoate, benzyl formate, ethyl methylphenyl glycinate, allylcyclohexyl propionate, styrallyl propionate and benzyl salicylate. The ethers include, for example Benzyl ethyl ether, to the aldehydes z. B. the linear alkanals with 8-18 C atoms, citral, Citronellal, Citronellyloxyacetaldehyde, Cyclamenaldehyde, Hydroxycitronellal, Lilial and Bourgeonal, to the ketones z. B. the Jonone, α-isomethylionon and methylcedryl ketone, to the alcohols anethole, citronellol, eugenol, geraniol, linalool, phenylethyl alcohol and terpineol, the hydrocarbons mainly include terpenes such as soda nen and pinen. However, mixtures of different fragrances are preferably used det, which together create an appealing fragrance. Such perfume oils can also contain natural fragrance mixtures as they are accessible from plant sources, e.g. B. pine, citrus, jasmine, patchouly, rose or ylang-ylang oil. Also suitable are muscatel, sage oil, chamomile oil, clove oil, lemon balm oil, mint oil, cinnamon leaf oil, lin flower oil, juniper berry oil, vetiver oil, olibanum oil, galbanum oil and labdanum oil such as orange blossom oil, neroliol, orange peel oil and sandalwood oil.

The content of the detergent and cleaning agent form according to the invention is usually body of dyes below 0.01 wt .-%, while fragrances up to 2 wt .-% of the ge can make up the entire wording.  

The fragrances can be incorporated directly into the agents according to the invention But it can also be advantageous to apply the fragrances to carriers that increase the adhesion of the Reinforcing perfumes on the laundry and slower fragrance release for longer maintain the fragrance of the textiles. Such carrier materials have, for example se cyclodextrins have proven themselves, with the cyclodextrin-perfume complexes additionally other auxiliaries can be coated.

For the aesthetic impression of the detergent and cleaning agent form according to the invention to improve the body, they can be colored with suitable dyes. Before drawn dyes, the selection of which is not difficult for the person skilled in the art a high storage stability and insensitivity to the other ingredients of the Remedy and against Lies as well as no pronounced substantivity towards textile fibers in order not to stain them.

Before pressing the particulate premix into detergent and cleaning agent The premix can be shaped with finely divided surface treatment agents be "powdered". This can affect the nature and physical properties of the premix (storage, pressing) as well as the finished washing and cleaning molded article may be advantageous. Finely divided powdering agents are known in the art Well-known technology, mostly zeolites, silicates or other inorganic salts be set. However, the premix is preferred with finely divided zeolite "powdered", with zeolites of the faujasite type being preferred. As part of the present the invention denotes the term "faujasite type zeolite" all three zeolites that form the faujasite subgroup of zeolite structure group 4 (compare Donald W. Breck: "Zeolite Molecular Sieves", John Wiley & Sons, New York, London, Sydney, To ronto, 1974, page 92). In addition to the zeolite X, there are also zeolite Y and faujasite as well Mixtures of these compounds can be used, the pure zeolite X being preferred.

Within the scope of the present invention are processes for the production of washing and Preferred detergent tablets, in which the or one of the admixed additives a zeolite of the faujasite type with particle sizes below 100 µm,  is preferably below 10 μm and in particular below 5 μm and at least 0.2% by weight, preferably at least 0.5% by weight and in particular more than 1% by weight of the pre-mix to be compressed.

The moldings according to the invention are first produced by dry means Mixing of the components, which can be partially or completely pre-granulated, and on concluding information, in particular pressing into tablets, with conventional che procedures can be used. For the production of the invention The pre-mix is molded in a so-called die between two stamps compacted into a solid compressed. This process, hereinafter referred to briefly as a tablet is divided into four sections: dosing, compression (elasti deformation), plastic deformation and ejection.

First, the premix is introduced into the die, the filling quantity and thus the weight and shape of the resulting molded body through the position of the lower one Stamp and the shape of the press tool can be determined. The constant dose tion even at high molding throughputs is preferably a volumetric Dosage of the premix reached. In the further course of tabletting, the Upper stamp the premix and continues to lower towards the lower stamp. At this compression, the particles of the premix are pressed closer together where at the void volume within the filling between the punches continuously decreases. From a certain position of the upper stamp (and thus from a certain pressure on the premix) begins the plastic deformation, in which the particles flow together and the molded body is formed. Depending on the physi properties of the premix, some of the premix particles are also broken down presses and the premix is sintered at even higher pressures. At increasing press speed, i.e. high throughput, the phase of elasti 's deformation is continuously shortened, so that the resulting molded body more or may have smaller cavities. In the last step of tableting the Finished molded articles are pressed out of the die by the lower punch and through subsequent transport devices transported away. At this point, it's just that  Weight of the molded body finally determined, because the compacts due to physical Processes (stretching, crystallographic effects, cooling etc.) their shape and size can still change.

Tableting takes place in commercially available tablet presses, which are basically or double stamps can be equipped. In the latter case, not only the waiter stamp used to build up pressure, also the lower stamp moves during the Pressing process towards the upper punch, while the upper punch presses down. For Small production quantities are preferably used with eccentric tablet presses which the one or more stamps are attached to an eccentric, which in turn on one Axis is mounted with a certain rotational speed. The movement of this Press ram is comparable to the way a conventional four-stroke engine works. The Ver pressing can be done with one upper and one lower stamp, but several can also be used re stamp on an eccentric disk, the number of die holes gen is expanded accordingly. The throughputs of eccentric presses vary depending on the type from a few hundred to a maximum of 3000 tablets per hour.

For larger throughputs, rotary tablet presses are selected, which are on a suction called matrix table a larger number of matrices is arranged in a circle. The The number of matrices varies between 6 and 55, depending on the model, with larger matrices also are commercially available. Each die on the die table is a top and bottom stamp assigned, again the pressing pressure active only by the upper or lower stamp, but can also be built up by both stamps. The matrix table and the Stamps move around a common vertical axis, the stamp with the help of rail-like cam tracks during the circulation in the positions for Be filling, compression, plastic deformation and discharge. On the stel len, where a particularly serious raising or lowering the stamp is necessary (filling, compacting, ejecting), these cam tracks are replaced by additional che low-pressure pieces, Nierderzugschienen and lifting tracks supported. The filling The matrix is developed via a rigidly arranged feed device, the so-called Filling shoe, which is connected to a reservoir for the premix. The pressure  the pre-mix can be set individually using the press paths for the upper and lower punches bar, the pressure build-up by rolling the punch shaft heads past adjustable ren pressure rollers happens.

Rotary presses can also use two filling shoes to increase throughput hen be, with only one semicircle to manufacture a tablet that must. Several fillers are used to produce two- and multi-layer moldings shoes arranged one behind the other without the slightly pressed first layer in front of the further filling is ejected. By appropriate process control are in this way also coated and dot tablets can be produced, which have an onion-shell-like structure ben, whereby in the case of the point tablets the top of the core or the core layers is not covered and therefore remains visible. Rotary tablet presses are also included Single or multiple tools can be equipped so that, for example, an outer circle with 50 and an inner circle with 35 holes can be used simultaneously for pressing. The throughputs of modern rotary tablet presses are over a million tablets per hour.

When tableting with rotary presses, it has proven to be advantageous to carry out tableting with the smallest possible fluctuations in the weight of the tablet. The fluctuations in hardness of the tablet can also be reduced in this way. Small fluctuations in weight can be achieved in the following ways:

• - Use of plastic inserts with small thickness tolerances
• - Low number of revolutions of the rotor
• - Big filling shoes
• - Matching the filler paddle speed to the speed of the rotor
• - Filling shoe with constant powder height
• - Decoupling of filling shoe and powder feed

To reduce the build-up of stamps, all of them can be used in technology known non-stick coatings. Plastic coatings are particularly advantageous,  Plastic inlays or plastic stamps. Rotating stamps also have an advantage proven, whereby the upper and lower stamps are rotatable if possible should. In the case of rotating stamps, a plastic insert is generally not required become. The stamp surfaces should be electropolished here.

It was also shown that long pressing times are advantageous. These can be printed rails, several pressure rollers or low rotor speeds. Since the Fluctuations in the hardness of the tablet are caused by the fluctuations in the pressing forces systems should be used that limit the pressing force. Here elasti cal stamps, pneumatic compensators or resilient elements in the force path be set. The pressure roller can also be designed to be resilient.

Tableting machines suitable for the purposes of the present invention are, for example available from the companies Apparatebau Holzwarth GbR, Asperg, Wilhelm Fette GmbH, Schwarzenbek, Hofer GmbH, Weil, KILIAN, Cologne, KOMAGE, Kell am See, KORSCH Pressen GmbH, Berlin, Mapag Maschinenbau AG, Bern (CH) and Courtoy N.V., Halle (BE / LU). The hydraulic double pressure press HPF, for example, is particularly suitable 630 from LAEIS, D.

The moldings can ge in a predetermined spatial shape and a predetermined size be manufactured. Practically all sensibly manageable designs come as a spatial form tations, for example the training as a blackboard, the bars or bars shape, cubes, cuboids and corresponding room elements with flat side surfaces as well in particular cylindrical configurations with a circular or oval cross cut. This last embodiment covers the presentation form from the tablet to to compact cylinder pieces with a ratio of height to diameter above 1.

The portioned compacts can each be separate individual elements be formed, the predetermined dosage of washing and / or cleaning medium corresponds. However, it is also possible to form compacts that have a plurality  connect such mass units in a compact, in particular by vorege bene predetermined breaking points the easy separability of portioned smaller units hen is. For the use of textile detergents in machines of the type common in Europe with horizontally arranged mechanics, the formation of the portioned compacts as Tablets, in the shape of a cylinder or cuboid, with a diameter / height Ratio in the range of about 0.5: 2 to 2: 0.5 is preferred. Commercial hydrau Lik presses, eccentric presses or rotary presses are suitable devices in particular especially for the production of such compacts.

The spatial shape of another embodiment of the shaped body is in its dimensions the induction chamber of commercial household washing machines adapted so that the Shaped bodies can be metered directly into the induction chamber without a metering aid, where it dissolves during the induction process. Of course, there is also a stake the detergent tablets are easily possible via a dosing aid and within the present invention preferred.

Another preferred shaped body that can be produced has a plate or panel-like structure with alternating thick long and thin short segments, so that individual segments of this "bar" at the predetermined breaking points, the short thin Display segments, can be canceled and entered into the machine. This Principle of the "bar-shaped" shaped body detergent can also be used in other geometric Shapes, for example vertical triangles, only on one side are connected alongside each other, can be realized.

But it is also possible that the various components do not become one Tablet are pressed, but that molded bodies are obtained that have several layers ten, i.e. at least two layers. It is also possible that these ver different layers have different dissolving speeds. From this you can advantageous application properties of the molded articles result. If at for example, components are contained in the moldings, which are mutually nega tiv influence, so it is possible to find a component in the more rapidly soluble layer  to integrate and incorporate the other component in a slower soluble layer ten, so that the first component has already reacted when the second goes into solution. The layer structure of the moldings can be stacked, with one solder process of the inner layer (s) at the edges of the molded body already takes place, if the outer layers are not yet completely detached, it can also be one complete coating of the inner layer (s) by the outer layer (s) Layer (s) can be reached, which prevents the premature dissolution of Be components of the inner layer (s).

In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, a molded body consists of at least three layers, ie two outer and at least one inner layer, wherein at least one of the inner layers contains a peroxy bleach, while in the case of the stacked shaped body, the two outer layers and in the case of the shell-shaped one Shaped bodies, however, the outermost layers are free of peroxy bleach. Farther it is also possible to use peroxy bleach and any bleach activators present and / or to separate enzymes spatially from one another in a shaped body. Such more Layered moldings have the advantage that they do not have only one induction chamber or who uses a metering device which is added to the washing liquor that can; rather, in such cases it is also possible to direct the molded body To give contact to the textiles in the machine without staining Bleach and the like would be feared.

Similar effects can also be achieved by coating individual components of the detergent and cleaning agent composition to be pressed, or all of them Reach shaped body. For this purpose, the bodies to be coated can be coated with, for example aqueous solutions or emulsions are sprayed, or via the process of Get a coating on the melt coating.

After pressing, the detergent tablets have a high level of stability. The breaking strength of cylindrical shaped bodies can be determined via the measured variable of the diametrical breaking load. This can be determined according to

Here σ stands for diametral fracture stress (DFS) in Pa, P is the force in N which leads to the pressure exerted on the molded body, which is the Breakage of the shaped body causes, D is the shaped body diameter in meters and t is the Height of the molded body.

Another object of the present invention is the use of highly alkoxy gated nonionic surfactants with more than 10 alkylene oxide units for improvement the abrasion resistance of detergent tablets. This fiction Proper use of the highly alkoxylated nonionic surfactants in the premix leads to shape bodies with advantageous properties, as the examples below show. There visibly preferred embodiments of the use according to the invention (alkoxy degrees of chaining, chain lengths, melting points, composition of the premix, etc.) apply analogously to what was said above for the method according to the invention.

Examples

By wet granulation in a 130-liter ploughshare mixer from the company Lödige Granular surfactant prepared, the composition of which is given in Table 1. In the An after the granulation, the granules were placed in an Aeromatic fluidized bed apparatus dried at a supply air temperature of 60 ° C for 30 minutes. After drying the granulate to remove the fine particles <0.4 mm and coarse particles <1.6 mm sieved.

The surfactant granules were then with other components to a pre-pressable mixed processed, the composition of which is given in Table 2. The fiction  Premixes E1 and E2 contained highly ethoxylated nonionic surfactants, while the premix of Comparative Example V was free of such compounds. The before Mixtures were made into tablets in a Korsch eccentric press (diameter: 44 mm, height he: 22 mm, weight: 37.5 g) pressed. The measured values of the tablet hardness and Disintegration times are the mean values of a double determination, the single values varied by a maximum of 2 N or 2 s for each molded body type.

Table 1

Composition of the surfactant granules [% by weight]

Table 2

Composition of the premixes [% by weight]

The hardness of the tablets became after two days of storage by deforming the tablet measured to break, the force acting on the side surfaces of the tablet and the maximum force that the tablet withstood was determined.

The wash-in was done in a Miele Novotronic W918 washing machine Steady (main wash program, 60 ° C) After washing in with three tablets and cal The residues were dried and weighed out using city water (10 ° C, 16 ° dH). The abrasion stability was determined by placing a tablet on a sieve with the Mesh width 1.6 mm was placed. This sieve was then Test sieve machine used and with an amplitude of 2 mm over 120 seconds claimed. By weighing the tablet on the sieve before and after the bean wear can be calculated in%. The experimental data are shown in Table 3:

Table 3

Detergent tablets [physical data]

While the tablet hardness and residue values of the shaped bodies E and V are the same Range, the shaped bodies E according to the invention show a significantly better stability act against the frictional load caused by the vibrating screen. The application technology proprietary are created by the use of the highly ethoxylated nonionic surfactants consequently further improved.

Claims (11)

1. Process for the production of detergent tablets by mixing a surfactant-containing granulate with pulverulent preparation components and subsequent compression molding, characterized in that the mixture to be compressed is a solid preparation component based on the weight of the molded article 0.1 to 20% by weight. -% of one or more highly alkoxylated nonionic surfactants are mixed with more than 10 alkylene oxide units. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the Ge to be pressed mixed 0.15 to 10% by weight, preferably 0.2 to 5% by weight, particularly preferably 0.25 up to 4% by weight and in particular 0.4 to 2% by weight of one or more highly alkoxylated ter nonionic surfactants with 10 to 100, preferably 20 to 80 and in particular 25 up to 50 alkylene oxide units are added. 3. The method according to any one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the alcohol holrest of the highly alkoxylated nonionic surfactants derived from fatty alcohols and / or Derives oxo alcohols and chain lengths from 8 to 24, preferably from 10 to 20, be particularly preferably from 12 to 18 and in particular from 16 to 18 carbon atoms having. 4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that alcohol ethoxylates of the general formula as highly alkoxylated nonionic surfactants
C _n H _{2n + 1} O- (CH ₂ CH ₂ O) _m H
are used in which n values from 8 to 24, preferably from 10 to 20, particularly preferably from 12 to 18 and in particular from 16 to 18 and m values from over 10, preferably from 10 to 100, particularly preferably from 20 to 80 and especially from 25 to 50. 5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the hochal koxylated nonionic surfactants melting points between 30 and 100 ° C, preferably have between 30 and 75 ° C and in particular between 30 and 50 ° C. 6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the ver pressing premix contains a surfactant-containing granulate which is anionic and / or contains non-ionic surfactants and builders and its total surfactant content 5 to 60% by weight, preferably 10 to 50% by weight and in particular 15 to 40% by weight, each because based on the surfactant granules. 7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the surfactant containing granules particle sizes between 100 and 2000 microns, preferably between 200 and 1800 µm, particularly preferably between 400 and 1600 µm and in particular between 600 and 1400 microns. 8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the proportion of the surfactant-containing granules on the detergent tablets 40 to 95% by weight, preferably 45 to 85% by weight and in particular 55 to 75% by weight, each Weil is based on the weight of the detergent tablets. 9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the ver pressing premix additionally a disintegration aid, preferably a Disintegration aid based on cellulose, preferably in granular, cogranulated ter or compact form, in amounts of 0.5 to 10 wt .-%, preferably of 3 up to 7% by weight and in particular from 4 to 6% by weight, in each case based on the weight of the premix. 10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the ver pressing premix continues one or more substances from the group of Bleaching agents, bleach activators, enzymes, pH regulators, fragrances, perfume carriers,  Fluorescent agents, dyes, foam inhibitors, silicone oils, anti-redeposition agents, optical brighteners, graying inhibitors, color transfer inhibitors and corro contains ion inhibitors. 11. Use of highly alkoxylated nonionic surfactants with more than 10 alkylene oxide units to improve the abrasion resistance of detergents and cleaning agents molded bodies.