EP1138756B1 - Detergent Tablets comprising special surfactant granulates - Google Patents

Abstract

Detergent tablets comprising compressed particulate detergent ingredients include surfactant granules containing sugars, sugar acids and/or sugar acid salts. An independent claim is also includes for surfactant granules comprising surfactant(s) and carrier(s) and also sugars, sugar acids and/or sugar acid salts.

Description

The present invention is in the field of compact moldings, the washing and cleaning properties. Such detergent tablets include, for example, detergent tablets for washing textiles, Detergent shaped body for automatic dishwashing or cleaning hard Surfaces, bleach moldings for use in washing machines or dishwashers, Water softening tablets or patch salt tablets. In particular, the invention relates Detergents and cleaning products for washing textiles in one Household washing machine used and briefly referred to as detergent tablets.

Detergent tablets are broadly described in the prior art and enjoy the consumer because of the simple dosage of increasing popularity. Tabletted detergents and cleaners have a number of powdery forms Benefits: They are easier to dose and handle and have because of their compact structure advantages during storage and transport. Also in the patent literature detergent and cleaner tablets are thus described comprehensively. One Problem that always in the application of washing and cleaning active moldings occurs again, the too low disintegration and dissolution rate of the molded body is below Conditions of use. Since sufficiently stable, i. Shaped and break-resistant molded body can only be produced by relatively high pressures, it comes to a strong compaction of the molding constituents and to a consequent delayed disintegration of the molding in the aqueous liquor and thus to a slow release of the active substances in the washing or cleaning process. The delayed Disintegration of the moldings also has the disadvantage that usual Detergent tablets do not have the dispensing compartment of household washing machines Rinse, as the tablets are not in a sufficiently fast time in Secondary particles, which are small enough to disintegrate from the flushing chamber into the washing drum to be flushed. To provide moldings that are at a given Hardness characterized by short disintegration times and thus also on the Einspülkammer To dosed household washing machines, was an object of the present Invention.

To overcome the dichotomy between hardness, i. Transport and handling stability, and easy disintegration of the moldings are many approaches in the art been developed. A well-known in particular from the pharmacy and in the field of Detergent tablets extended approach is the incorporation of certain Disintegration aids that facilitate the access of water or on access swelling of water or gas-developing or disintegrating in another form. Other proposed solutions from the patent literature describe the compression of premixes certain particle sizes, the separation of individual ingredients from certain other ingredients as well as the coating of individual ingredients or the entire shaped body with binders. Also the idea of more soluble ingredients in to incorporate the moldings and thus accelerate the disintegration of the molding is in of the patent literature. In addition to slightly soluble salts such as acetates, citrates or similar. be z.T. also mentioned slightly soluble nonionic ingredients.

Japanese Patent Application JP 07/286199 (Lion) describes in the form of its Derwent abstract a process for the preparation of detergent tablets by mixing an anionic surfactant with a nonionic surfactant in the presence of at least 10% by weight of water and other detergent ingredients to obtain surfactant granules , and compressing these surfactant granules with granular solubilizers having a solubility of at least 20 g / 100 ml (0 ° C). Preferred solubilizers are potassium carbonate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, sodium benzoate, Na benzenesulfonate, p-toluenesulfonic acid Na, Na xylene sulfonate, NaCl, citric acid, D-glucose, urea and sucrose. The solubilizers should be present in granular form. About the improvement of the disintegration time of detergent tablets high hardness and the Einspülbarkeit the moldings in Einspülkammern household washing machines nothing is stated in this document.

In DE-A-3417820 laundry detergent tablets are described which compacted Containing surfactant granules which are sprayed with cane sugar or sorbitol solution.

International Patent Application WO 95/34625 (Procter & Gamble) describes a detergent composition comprising 1 to 50% by weight of a surfactant system comprising at least 30% by weight of alkyl sulfate, alkyl ether sulfate and / or secondary alkyl sulfate, 0.1 to 5% by weight .-% Cellubiose, glucose, maltose, lactose, ribose and / or lactulose and at least 1 wt .-% builder substance contains. In order to achieve the solubility improvement, surfactant, saccharide and builder must be agglomerated together. About the hardness and the disintegration time of detergent tablets, nothing is carried out in this document.

European Patent Application EP 971,023 (Procter & Gamble) claims surfactant-containing Granules containing acetate, in particular sodium acetate. By this means the granules are more soluble and detergent tablets in the they are incorporated to impart improved solubility. However, acetates have the disadvantage that they are small when touching the moldings with bare hands releasing perceptible amounts of acetic acid that the consumer calls "vinegar" is perceived as disturbing. In addition, the fragrance of the tablets used in the tablets Perfume oils regularly affected by acetate.

The German patent application DE 198 51 441.7 (Henkel KGaA) describes detergent tablets , which are characterized by high hardness and at the same time short disintegration time. These can be prepared if they contain finely divided sugars, wherein at least 50 wt .-% of the sugar particles have particle sizes below 400 microns. For this purpose, the sugars are mixed in the particle size range mentioned with other components and pressed into detergent tablets.

In all cited prior art documents, sugars are to be pressed Mixture added as an additive in pure form or detergent tablets not described with their specific problems. None of the above Schriften deals with detergent tablets the sugar and / or sugar acids and / or salts of sugar acids in the form of granules, which contains mainly other ingredients. The use of sugar and / or Sugar acids and / or salts of sugar acids in detergent tablets to improve the disintegration times and to enable a dosage over the Einspülkammer household washing machines is described in any writing or suggested.

It has now been found that detergent tablets with the mentioned Benefit can be produced if they contain surfactant granules, which in turn Contain sugar.

The invention therefore provides laundry detergent and cleaning product tablets in the form of compressed tablets of compacted, particulate detergent and cleaner containing 55-75% by weight of surfactant granules, which contains in each case based on the weight of the surfactant granules 1.5-5 wt.% Sugar.

The term "sugar" in the context of the present invention single and Multiple sugars, ie monosaccharides and oligosaccharides, in which 2 to 6 monosaccharides acetal-like interconnected. "Sugar" are included in the present Invention thus monosaccharides, disaccharides, trisaccharides, tetra-, penta- and hexasaccharides.

Monosaccharides are linear polyhydroxy aldehydes (aldoses) or polyhydroxy ketones (Ketoses). They usually have a chain length of five (pentoses) or six (Hexoses) carbon atoms. Monosaccharides with more (heptoses, octoses etc.) or fewer (tetrosen) C atoms are relatively rare. Monosaccharides are partially over a large number of asymmetric C atoms. For a hexose with four asymmetric C atoms this results in a number of 24 stereoisomers. The orientation of the OH group at the highest numbered asymmetry. C atom in the Fischer projection divides the monosaccharides in D and. L-configured rows. In the naturally occurring monosaccharides the D configuration is much more common. Monosaccharides form, provided it is possible to form intramolecular hemiacetals so that ring-shaped structures of the pyran (Pyranoses) and furan type (furanoses). Smaller rings are unstable, larger ones Rings resistant only in aqueous solutions. The cyclization creates another asymmetric C atom (the so-called anomeric C atom), which is the number of possible stereoisomers doubled again. This is indicated by the prefixes α- u. β- expressed. The education The hemiacetal is a dynamic process that depends on various factors Temperature, solvent, pH, etc. depends. Mostly there are mixtures of both anomeric forms before, sometimes as mixtures of furanose and pyranose forms.

Monosaccharides which can be used as sugar in the context of the present invention are, for example the tetroses D (-) - erythrose and D (-) - threose and D (-) - erythrulose, the Pentoses D (-) - ribose, D (-) - ribulose, D (-) - arabinose, D (+) - xylose, D (-) - xylulose and D (-) - lyxose and the hexoses D (+) - allose, D (+) - altrose, D (+) - glucose, D (+) - mannose, D (-) - gulose, D (-) - idose, D (+) - galactose, D (+) - talose, D (+) - psicose, D (-) - fructose, D (+) - sorbose and D (-) - Tagatose. The most important and widely used monosaccharides are: D-glucose, D-galactose, D-mannose, D-fructose, L-arabinose, D-xylose, D-ribose u. 2-deoxy-D-ribose.

Disaccharides are composed of two simple monosaccharide molecules linked by glycosidic linkage (D-glucose, D-fructose, etc.). Is the glycosidic bond between the acetalic carbon atoms (1 for aldoses and 2 for ketoses) Both monosaccharides, so it is fixed in both the ring shape; show the sugar no mutarotation, do not react with ketone reagents and no longer have a reducing effect (Fehling negative: trehalose or sucrose type). Connects, however, the glycosidic Bind the acetalic carbon atom of a monosaccharide with either of the second, this may still take the open-chain form, and the sugar acts still reducing (Fehling-positive: maltose type).

The most important disaccharides are sucrose (cane sugar, sucrose), trehalose, lactose (Milk sugar), lactulose, maltose (malt sugar), cellobiose (degradation product of cellulose), Gentobiose, Melibiose, Turanose and others.

Trisaccharides are carbohydrates consisting of 3 glycosidically linked monosaccharides are constructed and for which one occasionally also the incorrect designation Triosen encounters. Trisaccharides are relatively rare in nature, examples are Gentianose, Kestose, maltotriose, melecitose, raffinose, and as an example of amino sugar containing trisaccharides streptomycin and validamycin.

Tetrasaccharides are oligosaccharides with 4 monosaccharide units. Examples of these Compound class are stachyose, lychnose (galactose-glucose-fructose-galactose) and Secalose (from 4-fructose units).

In the context of the present invention are preferred as sugar from the saccharides Group glucose, fructose, sucrose, cellulosis, maltose, lactose, lactulose, ribose and their mixtures used. Particularly preferred are in the inventive Detergents and detergent tablets contain glucose and / or sucrose.

The detergent tablets according to the invention contain the or the Sugars in quantities of 1.5 to 5% by weight and in particular from 1.5 to 2.5 wt .-%, each based on the weight of the molding. The amount of sugar contained in the moldings can be over the Quantity of sugar in the surfactant granules or for a given sugar content in the granules controlled by the amount of surfactant granules.

In detergent and cleaner tablets, the surfactant granules contain sugar in amounts of 1.5 to 5 wt .-%, each based on the weight of the surfactant granules.

In addition to the sugar inventively incorporated in the surfactant granules naturally contain the surfactant granules Surfactants. These can be selected from the groups of anionic, nonionic, cationic or amphoteric surfactants, of course, mixtures of said Surfactant types can be used. Regardless of the type of surfactant used have the surfactant granules in preferred detergent tablets Surfactant contents of from 5 to 60% by weight, preferably from 10 to 50% by weight, and in particular from 15 to 40 wt .-%, each based on the weight of the surfactant granules on.

As anionic surfactants, for example, those of the sulfonate type and sulfates are used. The surfactants of the sulfonate type are preferably C _9-13 -alkylbenzenesulfonates, olefinsulfonates, ie mixtures of alkene and hydroxyalkanesulfonates and disulfonates, as are obtained, for example, from C _12-18 -monoolefins having terminal or internal double bonds by sulfonation with gaseous sulfur trioxide and subsequent alkaline or acid hydrolysis of the sulfonation products into consideration. Also suitable are alkanesulfonates which are obtained from C _12-18 alkanes, for example by sulfochlorination or sulfoxidation with subsequent hydrolysis or neutralization. Likewise, the esters of α-sulfo fatty acids (ester sulfonates), for example the α-sulfonated methyl esters of hydrogenated coconut, palm kernel or tallow fatty acids are suitable.

Further suitable anionic surfactants are sulfated fatty acid glycerol esters. Among fatty acid glycerol esters are the mono-, di- and triesters and their mixtures to understand, as with the preparation by esterification of a monoglycerol with 1 to 3 mol fatty acid or obtained in the transesterification of triglycerides with 0.3 to 2 moles of glycerol. preferred Sulfated fatty acid glycerol esters are the sulfonation products of saturated fatty acids with 6 to 22 carbon atoms, for example caproic acid, caprylic acid, capric acid, Myristic, lauric, palmitic, stearic or behenic acid.

Alk (en) ylsulfates are the alkali metal salts and in particular the sodium salts of the sulfuric monoesters of C ₁₂ -C ₁₈ fatty alcohols, for example coconut fatty alcohol, tallow fatty alcohol, lauryl, myristyl, cetyl or stearyl alcohol or the C ₁₀ -C ₂₀ oxo alcohols and those half-esters of secondary alcohols of these chain lengths are preferred. Also preferred are alk (en) ylsulfates of said chain length, which contain a synthetic, produced on a petrochemical basis straight-chain alkyl radical, which have an analogous degradation behavior as the adequate compounds based on oleochemical raw materials. Of washing technology interest, the C ₁₂ -C ₁₆ alkyl sulfates and C ₁₂ -C ₁₅ alkyl sulfates and C ₁₄ -C ₁₅ alkyl sulfates are preferred. Also, 2,3-alkyl sulfates prepared, for example, according to U.S. Patents 3,234,258 or 5,075,041, which can be obtained as commercial products of the Shell Oil Company under the name DAN®, are suitable anionic surfactants.

The sulfuric acid monoesters of straight-chain or branched C _7-21 -alcohols ethoxylated with from 1 to 6 mol of ethylene oxide, such as 2-methyl-branched C _9-11- alcohols having on average 3.5 mol of ethylene oxide (EO) or C _12-18 . Fatty alcohols with 1 to 4 EO are suitable. Due to their high foaming behavior, they are only used in detergents in relatively small amounts, for example in amounts of from 1 to 5% by weight.

Further suitable anionic surfactants are also the salts of alkylsulfosuccinic acid, which are also referred to as sulfosuccinates or as sulfosuccinic acid esters and the monoesters and / or diesters of sulfosuccinic acid with alcohols, preferably fatty alcohols and in particular ethoxylated fatty alcohols. Preferred sulfosuccinates contain C _8-18 fatty alcohol residues or mixtures of these. Particularly preferred sulfosuccinates contain a fatty alcohol residue derived from ethoxylated fatty alcohols, which in themselves constitute nonionic surfactants (see description below). Sulfosuccinates, whose fatty alcohol residues are derived from ethoxylated fatty alcohols with a narrow homolog distribution, are again particularly preferred. Likewise, it is also possible to use alk (en) ylsuccinic acid having preferably 8 to 18 carbon atoms in the alk (en) yl chain or salts thereof.

As further anionic surfactants are particularly soaps into consideration. Are suitable saturated fatty acid soaps, such as the salts of lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, Stearic acid, hydrogenated erucic acid and behenic acid and in particular from natural Fatty acids, e.g. Coconut, palm kernel or tallow fatty acids, derived soap mixtures.

The anionic surfactants including soaps may be in the form of their sodium, potassium or ammonium salts and as soluble salts of organic bases, such as mono-, di- or Triethanolamine. Preferably, the anionic surfactants are in the form of their Sodium or potassium salts, especially in the form of the sodium salts.

In the context of the present invention, washing and cleaning agent tablets are used in which the content of surfactant granules of anionic surfactants is from 5 to 45 Wt .-%, preferably 10 to 40 wt .-% and in particular 15 to 35 wt .-%, respectively based on the weight of the surfactant granules.

In the selection of anionic surfactants are the freedom from formulation to be observed Framework in the way. However, preferred surfactant granules have one Content of soap, the 0.2 wt .-%, based on the total weight of the washing and Detergent molding, exceeds. Preferred anionic surfactants are while the alkylbenzenesulfonates and fatty alcohol sulfates, wherein preferred detergent tablets and detergent 2 to 20 wt .-%, preferably 2.5 to 15 wt .-% and in particular 5 to 10 wt .-% fatty alcohol sulfate (e), each based on the weight of Detergent tablets, included.

The nonionic surfactants used are preferably alkoxylated, advantageously ethoxylated, in particular primary, alcohols having preferably 8 to 18 carbon atoms and on average 1 to 12 moles of ethylene oxide (EO) per mole of alcohol, in which the alcohol radical can be linear or preferably methyl-branched in the 2-position or linear and methyl-branched radicals in the mixture can contain, as they are usually present in Oxoalkoholresten. In particular, however, alcohol ethoxylates with linear radicals of alcohols of natural origin having 12 to 18 carbon atoms, for example of coconut, palm, tallow or oleyl alcohol, and on average 2 to 8 EO per mole of alcohol are preferred. The preferred ethoxylated alcohols include, for example, C _12-14 alcohols with 3 EO or 4 EO, C _9-11 alcohols with 7 EO, C _13-15 alcohols with 3 EO, 5 EO, 7 EO or 8 EO, C _12-18 alcohols with 3 EO, 5 EO or 7 EO and mixtures of these, such as mixtures of C _12-14 -alcohol with 3 EO and C _12-18 -alcohol with 5 EO. The degrees of ethoxylation given represent statistical means which, for a particular product, may be an integer or a fractional number. Preferred alcohol ethoxylates have a narrow homolog distribution (narrow range ethoxylates, NRE). In addition to these nonionic surfactants, fatty alcohols with more than 12 EO can also be used. Examples include tallow fatty alcohol with 14 EO, 25 EO, 30 EO or 40 EO.

Another class of preferred nonionic surfactants used either alone nonionic surfactant or in combination with other nonionic surfactants are used are alkoxylated, preferably ethoxylated or ethoxylated and propoxylated Fatty acid alkyl esters, preferably having 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain, in particular fatty acid methyl ester.

Another class of nonionic surfactants that can be used to advantage are the alkyl polyglycosides (APG). Usable alkylpolyglycosides satisfy the general formula RO (G) _z , in which R is a linear or branched, in particular in the 2-position methyl-branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic radical having 8 to 22, preferably 12 to 18 carbon atoms and G is the Is a symbol which represents a glycose unit having 5 or 6 C atoms, preferably glucose. The degree of glycosidation z is between 1.0 and 4.0, preferably between 1.0 and 2.0 and in particular between 1.1 and 1.4.
Preference is given to using linear alkyl polyglucosides, that is to say alkyl polyglycosides in which the polyglycosyl radical is a glucose radical and the alkyl radical is an n-alkyl radical.

The surfactant granules may preferably contain alkylpolyglycosides, wherein contents of APG over 0.2 wt .-%, based on the total molding, are preferred. Especially preferred detergent tablets contain APG in amounts of from 0.2 to 10 wt .-%, preferably 0.2 to 5 wt .-% and in particular from 0.5 to 3 wt .-%.

Nonionic surfactants of the amine oxide type, for example N-cocoalkyl-N, N-dimethylamine oxide and N-tallow alkyl-N, N-dihydroxyethylamine oxide, and the fatty acid alkanolamide may be suitable. The amount of these nonionic surfactants is preferably not more than that of ethoxylated fatty alcohols, in particular not more than half of it.

in der RCO für einen aliphatischen Acylrest mit 6 bis 22 Kohlenstoffatomen, R¹ für Wasserstoff, einen Alkyl- oder Hydroxyalkylrest mit 1 bis 4 Kohlenstoffatomen und [Z] für einen linearen oder verzweigten Polyhydroxyalkylrest mit 3 bis 10 Kohlenstoffatomen und 3 bis 10 Hydroxylgruppen steht. Bei den Polyhydroxyfettsäureamiden handelt es sich um bekannte Stoffe, die üblicherweise durch reduktive Aminierung eines reduzierenden Zukkers mit Ammoniak, einem Alkylamin oder einem Alkanolamin und nachfolgende Acylierung mit einer Fettsäure, einem Fettsäurealkylester oder einem Fettsäurechlorid erhalten werden können.Further suitable surfactants are polyhydroxy fatty acid amides of the formula (I)

wherein RCO is an aliphatic acyl group having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, R ^{1 is} hydrogen, an alkyl or hydroxyalkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms and [Z] is a linear or branched polyhydroxyalkyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms and 3 to 10 hydroxyl groups. The polyhydroxy fatty acid amides are known substances which can usually be obtained by reductive amination of a reducing sugar with ammonia, an alkylamine or an alkanolamine and subsequent acylation with a fatty acid, a fatty acid alkyl ester or a fatty acid chloride.

in der R für einen linearen oder verzweigten Alkyl- oder Alkenylrest mit 7 bis 12 Kohlenstoffatomen, R¹ für einen linearen, verzweigten oder cyclischen Alkylrest oder einen Arylrest mit 2 bis 8 Kohlenstoffatomen und R² für einen linearen, verzweigten oder cyclischen Alkylrest oder einen Arylrest oder einen Oxy-Alkylrest mit 1 bis 8 Kohlenstoffatomen steht, wobei C_1-4-Alkyl- oder Phenylreste bevorzugt sind und [Z] für einen linearen Polyhydroxyalkylrest steht, dessen Alkylkette mit mindestens zwei Hydroxylgruppen substituiert ist, oder alkoxylierte, vorzugsweise ethoxylierte oder propoxylierte Derivate dieses Restes.The group of polyhydroxy fatty acid amides also includes compounds of the formula (II)

in the R is a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl radical having 7 to 12 carbon atoms, R ^{1 is} a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl radical or an aryl radical having 2 to 8 carbon atoms and R ^{2 is} a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl radical or an aryl radical or an oxyalkyl radical having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, with C _1-4 alkyl or phenyl radicals being preferred and [Z] being a linear polyhydroxyalkyl radical whose alkyl chain is substituted by at least two hydroxyl groups, or alkoxylated, preferably ethoxylated or propoxylated Derivatives of this residue.

[Z] is preferably obtained by reductive amination of a reduced sugar, For example, glucose, fructose, maltose, lactose, galactose, mannose or xylose. The N-alkoxy- or N-aryloxy-substituted compounds may then be, for example by reaction with fatty acid methyl esters in the presence of an alkoxide as a catalyst be converted into the desired polyhydroxy fatty acid amides.

Preference according to the invention is given to washing and cleaning agent tablets in which the Content of surfactant granules of nonionic surfactants 1 to 15% by weight, preferably 2.5 to 10 wt .-% and in particular 5 to 7.5 wt .-%, each based on the weight of Surfactant granules.

In addition to sugar and surfactant (s) As a rule, the surfactant granules contain other ingredients of detergents and cleaners. In order to obtain storage-stable and free-flowing surfactant granules, it is preferred when in the preparation of the surfactant granules carriers are added, the Surfactant granules so contain builders. Other ingredients of laundry detergents and cleaning agents, especially so-called small components such as optical brighteners, Polymers, defoamers, phosphonates, dyes and fragrances can form part of the Be surfactant granules.

The surfactant granules in the detergent tablets in varying Quantities are used. Contain washing and cleaning agent tablets according to the invention the surfactant granules, which sugars and contains, in amounts of 55 to 75 wt .-%, each based on the molding weight, contain.

Another object of the present invention is a process for the preparation of described detergent tablets having advantageous properties, So a process for the preparation of detergent tablets by Mixing a surfactant-containing granules with finely divided conditioning components and subsequent shaping pressing in a conventional manner, in which the surfactant-containing Granules containing sugar.

Also in the method according to the invention are the levels of sugar in the surfactant granules in the range from 1.5 to 5 wt .-%, each based on the weight of Surfactant granules.

The preparation of surfactant-containing granules is widely described in the prior art, which can be accessed in addition to extensive patent literature on numerous reviews and monographs. For example, W. Hermann de Groot, I. Adami, GF Moretti, "The Manufacture of Modern Detergent Powders", Hermann de Groot Academic Publisher, Wassenaar, 1995 describes various spray-drying, mixing and granulation processes for the production of detergents and cleaners.

For energetic reasons, it is preferable if the surfactant-containing granules not by spray drying, but by a granulation process will be produced. In addition to conventional granulation and agglomeration processes, which are carried out in a wide variety of mixed granulators and mixed agglomerators can be used, for example, also Preßagglomerationsverfahren be used. Method, in which the surfactant-containing granules by granulation, agglomeration, press agglomeration or a combination of these methods are therefore preferred.

In the mixer granulation process described below, the invention Component contained in the granules from the group of sugars Be part of the solid bed, which under addition is granulated by Granulationshilfsmitteln. But it is also possible to have a solution of Sugaring in water or in others Use liquids, for example nonionic surfactants, as granulation aids. Of course, it is also possible, the substances mentioned both as part of the Provide solid bed as well as part of the granulation. It is further possible to granulate a liquid or viscous mass by addition of solids. Even with this "reverse" granulation can sugar both in the mass to be granulated and in the be added solids.

The granulation can be used in a variety of in the detergent industry usually used apparatus are carried out. For example, it is possible to use the common in pharmacy Verrunder. In such turntable apparatus the residence time of the granules is usually less than 20 seconds. Conventional mixers and mixed granulators are also suitable for granulation. When Mixers can be both high-intensity mixer ("high-shear mixer") and normal Mixer can be used with lower rotational speeds. Suitable mixers For example, Eirich® mixers of the R or RV series (trademarks of Maschinenfabrik Gustav Eirich, Hardheim), the Schugi® Flexomix, the Fukae® FS-G mixers (Trademarks of Fukae Powtech, Kogyo Co., Japan), the Lödige® FM, KM and CB mixers (Trademark of Lödige Maschinenbau GmbH, Paderborn) or the Drais® series T or K-T (trademark of Drais-Werke GmbH, Mannheim). The residence times The granules in the mixers are in the range of less than 60 seconds, with the Dwell also depends on the rotational speed of the mixer. Shorten it The residence times corresponding to, the faster the mixer is running. Preferably, the amount Residence times of the granules in the mixer / rounder under one minute, preferably below 15 seconds. In slow speed mixers, e.g. a Lödige KM, will be residence times set up to 20 minutes, with retention times under 10 minutes due to the Process economics are preferred.

Preferred granulation processes for producing surfactant-containing granules are in mixer granulators performed where some mixer parts or the entire mixer are heated to temperatures that are at least 20 ° C above the temperature, the have the substances to be granulated at the beginning of the granulation process. So be Granulated solids, which were stored at 20 ° C and at this temperature in the mixer arrive, it is preferred that some or all mixer parts at least one Temperature of 40 ° C. Overall, but a temperature of 120 ° C for the Mixer parts or the entire mixer are not exceeded. Become only parts of Mixture heated to the temperatures mentioned, these are preferably the mixer walls or the mixer tools. The former can be heated by a heatable jacket, the latter can be brought to the desired temperature by means of built-in heating elements.

It is further preferred in the preparation of surfactant-containing granules in whole or in part heated mixers, the use of non-aqueous granulation aids, in particular nonionic surfactants having a melting point in the range of 20 to 50 ° C exhibit. By the described preferred granulation process, the bulk density can be increase the surfactant granules, at the same time unwanted Wandanbackungen be significantly reduced at the mixer walls. The use of such produced Surfactant granules in tabletting premixes leads to detergent tablets, which differs from mixtures which are conventionally produced Contain granules, characterized by a further reduced disintegration time.

In the process of press agglomeration, the surfactant-containing granules are pressurized and compressed under the action of shear forces while homogenizing and then shaping out of the apparatus. The most technically significant pressing agglomeration processes are the extrusion, the roll compaction, the pelleting and the tableting. In the context of the present invention preferred for the preparation of Preßagglomerationsverfahren used surfactant-containing granules are the extrusion, the Roll compaction and pelleting.

In a preferred embodiment, the surfactant-containing granules preferably continuously a planetary roller extruder or a 2-shaft extruder or 2-screw extruder with co-rotating or counter-rotating screw guide supplied, the housing and the extruder granulating head to the predetermined Extrusion temperature can be heated. Under the shear effect of the extruder screws For example, the premix is pressurized, preferably at least 25 bar is at extremely high penetration depending on the apparatus used but can also be underneath, compacted, plasticized, in the form of fine strands through the hole nozzle plate Extruded in the extruder head and finally the extrudate by means of a rotating Blade diameter preferably to about spherical to cylindrical granules reduced. The hole diameter of the hole nozzle plate and the strand cut length are tuned to the selected granule dimension. In this embodiment succeeds in the production of granules of a substantially uniformly predictable Particle size, in particular, the absolute particle sizes of the intended Purpose can be adapted. Important embodiments can be seen here the production of uniform granules in the millimeter range, for example in the field from 0.8 to 5 mm and especially in the range of about 1.0 to 3 mm. The length / diameter ratio The cut off primary granules lies in one important embodiment in the range of about 1: 1 to about 3: 1. Furthermore, it is preferred the still plastic primary granulate a further shaping processing step supply; In this process, edges present on the raw extrudate are rounded, so that ultimately spherical to approximately spherical extrudate grains can be obtained. Alternatively, extrusion / compression can also be used in low-pressure extruders, in the Kahl press or in the Bextruder.

In a further preferred embodiment, the manufacturing process carried out for the surfactant-containing granules by means of a roll compaction. Here, the surfactant-containing granules are targeted between two smooth or with depressions of defined shape rollers metered and between the two rollers under pressure to a leaf-shaped Kompaktat, the so-called Schülpe, rolled. The rollers exert a high line pressure on the premix and can, depending on Need to be additionally heated or cooled. When using smooth rollers receives to get smooth, unstructured slate ribbons while using textured ones Rolls according to structured slugs or individual pellets are produced can, in which, for example, certain forms of the later granules or moldings can be specified. The sling band is subsequently replaced by a and crushing process can be broken into smaller pieces and this way are processed into granules by further known per se surface treatment methods further tempered, in particular in approximately spherical shape can be brought.

In a further preferred embodiment, the preparation of the surfactant-containing granules is carried out by means of pelleting. Here, the surfactant-containing granules are applied to a perforated surface and pressed by a pressure-emitting body through the holes. In conventional embodiments of Pelltpressen the surfactant-containing granules is compacted under pressure, plasticized, pressed by means of a rotating roller in the form of fine strands through a perforated surface and finally crushed with a knock-off device to granules. Here are the most diverse designs of pressure roller and perforated die conceivable. For example, flat perforated plates are used as well as concave or convex ring matrices, through which the material is pressed through one or more pressure rollers. The press rollers may also be conically shaped in the plate devices, in the annular devices can matrices and press roll (s) have co-rotating or opposite sense of rotation. An apparatus suitable for carrying out the method according to the invention is described, for example, in German Offenlegungsschrift DE 38 16 842 (Schlüter GmbH). The ring die press disclosed in this document consists of a rotating ring die interspersed by press channels and at least one press roll operatively connected to its inner surface, which presses the material supplied to the die space through the press channels into a material discharge. In this case, ring die and pressing roller are drivable in the same direction, whereby a reduced shear stress and thus lower temperature increase of the premix can be realized. Of course, it is also possible to work with pelletizing with heatable or coolable rollers in order to set a desired temperature of the premix.

The sugar-containing surfactant granules is then combined with other preparation components to a premix mixed, which can then be pressed into detergent tablets. The premix to be compressed can be used as preparation components except for already mentioned ingredients other common ingredients in detergents and cleaners, in particular from the group of builders, disintegration aids, bleaching agents, Bleach activators, enzymes, pH adjusters, fragrances, perfume carriers, fluorescers, Dyes, foam inhibitors, silicone oils, anti redeposition agents, optical brighteners, Graying inhibitors, color transfer inhibitors and corrosion inhibitors contain. However, the substances mentioned may also be wholly or partly already constituent of the surfactant granules.

In addition to the washing-active substances, builders are the most important ingredients of Detergents and cleaners. In the detergent tablets according to the invention can all commonly used in detergents and cleaning agents Be included builders, especially zeolites, silicates, carbonates, organic Cobuilders and - where there are no ecological prejudices against their use - also the Phosphates.

Suitable crystalline, layered sodium silicates have the general formula NaMSi _x O _{2x + 1} ^. H ₂ O, where M is sodium or hydrogen, x is a number from 1.9 to 4 and y is a number from 0 to 20 and preferred values for x are 2, 3 or 4. Such crystalline sheet silicates are described, for example, in European Patent Application EP-A-0 164 514 . Preferred crystalline layered silicates of the formula given are those in which M is sodium and x assumes the values 2 or 3. In particular, both β- and δ-sodium disilicates Na ₂ Si ₂ O ₅ .yH ₂ O are preferred, whereby β-sodium disilicate can be obtained, for example, by the process described in international patent application WO-A-91/08171 .

It is also possible to use amorphous sodium silicates with a Na ₂ O: SiO ₂ modulus of from 1: 2 to 1: 3.3, preferably from 1: 2 to 1: 2.8 and in particular from 1: 2 to 1: 2.6, which Delayed and have secondary washing properties. The dissolution delay compared with conventional amorphous sodium silicates may have been caused in various ways, for example by surface treatment, compounding, compaction / densification or by overdrying. In the context of this invention, the term "amorphous" is also understood to mean "X-ray amorphous". This means that the silicates do not yield sharp X-ray reflections typical of crystalline substances in X-ray diffraction experiments, but at most one or more maxima of the scattered X-rays having a width of several degrees of diffraction angle. However, it may well even lead to particularly good builder properties if the silicate particles provide blurred or even sharp diffraction maxima in electron diffraction experiments. This is to be interpreted as meaning that the products have microcrystalline regions of size 10 to a few hundred nm, values of up to max. 50 nm and in particular up to max. 20 nm are preferred. Such so-called X-ray-amorphous silicates, which likewise have a dissolution delay compared to the conventional water glasses, are described, for example, in German patent application DE-A-44 00 024 . Particularly preferred are compacted / compacted amorphous silicates, compounded amorphous silicates and overdried X-ray amorphous silicates.

If desired, the amount of zeolite introduced by the surfactant granules addition of P and / or X type additional zeolite are incorporated into the premix, by adding zeolite as a conditioning component. The used fine-crystalline, synthetic and bound water-containing zeolite is preferably a zeolite of type A, P, X or Y. However, zeolite X and mixtures of A are also suitable. X and / or P. Suitable zeolites have an average particle size of less than 10 μm (volume distribution, measuring method: Coulter Counter) and preferably contain 18 to 22 wt .-%, in particular 20 to 22 wt .-% of bound water.

Of course, a use of the well-known phosphates as builders possible, unless such use is avoided for environmental reasons should be. Among the multitude of commercially available phosphates are the alkali metal phosphates with particular preference of pentasodium or Pentakaliumtriphosphat (Sodium or potassium tripolyphosphate) in the detergents and cleaners industry the biggest meaning.

Alkali metal phosphates is the summary term for the alkali metal (especially sodium and potassium) salts of various phosphoric acids, in which one can distinguish metaphosphoric acids (HPO ₃ ) _n and orthophosphoric H ₃ PO _{4 in} addition to higher molecular weight representatives. The phosphates combine several advantages: they act as alkali carriers, prevent lime deposits on machine parts or lime incrustations in fabrics and also contribute to the cleaning performance.

Sodium dihydrogen phosphate, NaH ₂ PO ₄ , exists as a dihydrate (density 1.91 gcm ^-3 , melting point 60 °) and as a monohydrate (density 2.04 gcm ^-3 ). Both salts are white powders which are very soluble in water and which lose their water of crystallization when heated and at 200 ° C into the weak acid diphosphate (disodium hydrogen diphosphate, Na ₂ H ₂ P ₂ O ₇ ), at higher temperature in sodium trimetaphosphate (Na ₃ P ₃ O ₉ ) and Maddrell's salt (see below). NaH ₂ PO _{4 is} acidic; It arises when phosphoric acid is adjusted to a pH of 4.5 with sodium hydroxide solution and the mash is sprayed. Potassium dihydrogen phosphate (potassium phosphate primary or monobasic potassium phosphate, KDP), KH ₂ PO ₄ , is a white salt of 2.33 gcm ^-3 density, has a melting point of 253 ° [decomposition to form potassium polyphosphate (KPO ₃ ) _x ] and is light soluble in water.

Disodium hydrogen phosphate (secondary sodium phosphate), Na ₂ HPO ₄ , is a colorless, very slightly water-soluble crystalline salt. It exists anhydrous and with 2 moles (density 2.066 gcm ^-3 , loss of water at 95 °), 7 moles (density 1.68 gcm ^-3 , melting point 48 ° with loss of 5 H ₂ O) and 12 moles water ( Density 1.52 gcm ^-3 , melting point 35 ° with loss of 5 H ₂ O) becomes anhydrous at 100 ° C and, upon increased heating, passes into the diphosphate Na ₄ P ₂ O ₇ . Disodium hydrogen phosphate is prepared by neutralization of phosphoric acid with soda solution using phenolphthalein as an indicator. Dipotassium hydrogen phosphate (secondary or dibasic potassium phosphate), K ₂ HPO ₄ , is an amorphous, white salt that is readily soluble in water.

Trisodium phosphate, tertiary sodium phosphate, Na ₃ PO ₄ , are colorless crystals which have a density of 1.62 gcm ^-3 as dodecahydrate and a melting point of 73-76 ° C (decomposition), as decahydrate (corresponding to 19-20% P ₂ O ₅ ) have a melting point of 100 ° C and in anhydrous form (corresponding to 39-40% P ₂ O ₅ ) have a density of 2.536 gcm ^-3 . Trisodium phosphate is readily soluble in water under alkaline reaction and is prepared by evaporating a solution of exactly 1 mole of disodium phosphate and 1 mole of NaOH. Tripotassium phosphate (tertiary or tribasic potassium phosphate), K ₃ PO ₄ , is a white, deliquescent, granular powder of density 2.56 gcm ^-3 , has a melting point of 1340 ° and is readily soluble in water with an alkaline reaction. It arises, for example, when heating Thomasschlacke with coal and potassium sulfate. Despite the higher price, the more soluble, therefore highly effective, potassium phosphates are often preferred over the corresponding sodium compounds in the detergent industry.

Tetrasodium diphosphate (sodium pyrophosphate), Na ₄ P ₂ O ₇ , exists in anhydrous form (density 2.534 gcm ^-3 , melting point 988 °, also indicated 880 °) and as decahydrate (density 1.815-1.836 gcm ^-3 , melting point 94 ° with loss of water) , For substances are colorless, in water with alkaline reaction soluble crystals. Na ₄ P ₂ O ₇ is formed on heating of disodium phosphate to> 200 ° or by reacting phosphoric acid with soda in a stoichiometric ratio and dewatering the solution by spraying. The decahydrate complexes heavy metal salts and hardness agents and therefore reduces the hardness of the water. Potassium diphosphate (potassium pyrophosphate), K ₄ P ₂ O ₇ , exists in the form of the trihydrate and is a colorless, hygroscopic powder with a density of 2.33 gcm ^-3 , which is soluble in water, the pH being 1% Solution at 25 ° 10.4.

Condensation of NaH ₂ PO ₄ or KH ₂ PO ₄ results in higher mol. Sodium and potassium phosphates, in which one can distinguish cyclic representatives, the sodium or Kaliummetaphosphate and chain types, the sodium or potassium polyphosphates. In particular, for the latter are a variety of names in use: hot or cold phosphates, Graham's salt, Kurrolsches and Maddrell's salt. All higher sodium and potassium phosphates are collectively referred to as condensed phosphates.

The technically important pentasodium triphosphate, Na ₅ P ₃ O ₁₀ (sodium tripolyphosphate), is an anhydrous or with 6 H ₂ O crystallizing, non-hygroscopic, white, water-soluble salt of the general formula NaO- [P (O) (ONa) -O] _n -Na with n = 3. In 100 g of water dissolve at room temperature about 17 g, at 60 ° about 20 g, at 100 ° around 32 g of the salt water-free salt; after two hours of heating the solution to 100 ° caused by hydrolysis about 8% orthophosphate and 15% diphosphate. In the preparation of pentasodium triphosphate, phosphoric acid is reacted with sodium carbonate solution or sodium hydroxide solution in a stoichiometric ratio and the solution is dehydrated by spraying. Similar to Graham's salt and sodium diphosphate, pentasodium triphosphate dissolves many insoluble metal compounds (including lime soaps, etc.). Pentakaliumtriphosphat, K ₅ P ₃ O ₁₀ (potassium tripolyphosphate), for example, in the form of a 50 wt .-% solution (> 23% P ₂ O ₅ , 25% K ₂ O) in the trade. The potassium polyphosphates are widely used in the washing and cleaning industry. There are also sodium potassium tripolyphosphates which can also be used in the context of the present invention. These arise, for example, when hydrolyzed sodium trimetaphosphate with KOH: (NaPO ₃ ) ₃ + 2 KOH → Na ₃ K ₂ P ₃ O ₁₀ + H ₂ O

These are according to the invention just like sodium tripolyphosphate, potassium tripolyphosphate or mixtures of these two can be used; also mixtures of sodium tripolyphosphate and sodium potassium tripolyphosphate or mixtures of potassium tripolyphosphate and Sodium potassium tripolyphosphate or mixtures of sodium tripolyphosphate and potassium tripolyphosphate and sodium potassium tripolyphosphate can be used according to the invention.

As organic cobuilders can in the detergent tablets according to the invention in particular polycarboxylates / polycarboxylic acids, polymeric polycarboxylates, Aspartic acid, polyacetals, dextrins, other organic cobuilders (see below) and phosphonates are used. These classes of substances are described below.

Useful organic builders are, for example, those in the form of their sodium salts usable polycarboxylic acids, wherein among polycarboxylic acids such carboxylic acids be understood that carry more than one acid function. For example, these are citric acid, Adipic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, maleic acid, Fumaric acid, sugar acids, aminocarboxylic acids, nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), if one such use is not objectionable for environmental reasons, as well as mixtures from these. Preferred salts are the salts of polycarboxylic acids such as citric acid, adipic acid, Succinic acid, glutaric acid, tartaric acid, sugar acids and mixtures thereof.

The acids themselves can also be used. The acids have besides their builder effect typically also the property of an acidifying component and serve thus also for setting a lower and milder pH of washing or Detergents. In particular, citric acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, Adipic acid, gluconic acid and any mixtures of these.

As a builder further polymeric polycarboxylates are suitable, these are for example the Alkali metal salts of polyacrylic acid or polymethacrylic acid, for example those with a molecular weight of 500 to 70000 g / mol.

For the purposes of this document, the molecular weights stated for polymeric polycarboxylates are weight-average molar masses M _{w of} the particular acid form, which were determined in principle by means of gel permeation chromatography (GPC), a UV detector being used. The measurement was carried out against an external polyacrylic acid standard, which provides realistic molecular weight values due to its structural relationship with the polymers investigated. These data differ significantly from the molecular weight data, in which polystyrene sulfonic acids are used as standard. The molar masses measured against polystyrenesulfonic acids are generally significantly higher than the molecular weights specified in this document.

Suitable polymers are, in particular, polyacrylates which preferably have a molecular mass of 2000 to 20,000 g / mol. Because of their superior solubility, this can be Group again the short-chain polyacrylates, the molar masses from 2000 to 10000 g / mol, and more preferably from 3000 to 5000 g / mol, are preferred be.

Also suitable are copolymeric polycarboxylates, in particular those of acrylic acid with methacrylic acid and acrylic acid or methacrylic acid with maleic acid. As special Copolymers of acrylic acid with maleic acid have proven to be suitable, the 50 to Containing 90 wt .-% acrylic acid and 50 to 10 wt .-% maleic acid. Your molecular weight, based on free acids, is generally from 2000 to 70000 g / mol, preferably 20,000 to 50,000 g / mol and in particular 30,000 to 40,000 g / mol.

The (co) polymeric polycarboxylates can be used either as a powder or as an aqueous solution be used. The content of the (co) polymeric polycarboxylates is preferably 0.5 to 20 wt .-%, in particular 3 to 10 wt .-%.

To improve the solubility in water, the polymers may also be allyl sulfonic acids, such as For example, allyloxybenzenesulfonic acid and methallylsulfonic acid, as a monomer.

Also particularly preferred are biodegradable polymers of more than two different Monomer units, for example those containing as monomers salts of acrylic acid and the maleic acid and vinyl alcohol or vinyl alcohol derivatives or as Monomeric salts of acrylic acid and 2-alkylallylsulfonic acid and sugar derivatives contain.

Further preferred copolymers are those which are preferably acrolein monomers and acrylic acid / acrylic acid salts or acrolein and vinyl acetate.

Likewise, as further preferred builder substances are polymeric aminodicarboxylic acids, to mention their salts or their precursors. Particularly preferred are polyaspartic acids or their salts and derivatives, in addition to cobuilder properties also have a bleach-stabilizing effect.

Further suitable builder substances are polyacetals, which are prepared by reaction of dialdehydes with polyol carboxylic acids having 5 to 7 C atoms and at least 3 hydroxyl groups can be obtained. Preferred polyacetals are made from dialdehydes such as glyoxal, glutaraldehyde, terephthalaldehyde and mixtures thereof and from Polyolcarboxylic acids such as gluconic acid and / or glucoheptonic acid.

Further suitable organic builder substances are dextrins, for example oligomers or polymers of carbohydrates obtained by partial hydrolysis of starches can be. The hydrolysis can be carried out by conventional, for example acid or enzyme catalyzed Procedures are performed. Preferably, they are hydrolysis products with average molecular weights in the range of 400 to 500,000 g / mol. This is a polysaccharide with a dextrose equivalent (DE) in the range of 0.5 to 40, in particular from 2 to 30, where DE is a common measure of the reducing effect of a polysaccharide compared to dextrose which has a DE of 100. Useful are both maltodextrins with a DE between 3 and 20 and dry glucose syrups with a DE between 20 and 37 as well as so-called yellow dextrins and White dextrins with higher molecular weights in the range from 2000 to 30,000 g / mol.

The oxidized derivatives of such dextrins are their reaction products with oxidizing agents which are capable of oxidizing at least one alcohol function of the saccharide ring to the carboxylic acid function. Also suitable is an oxidized oligosaccharide. A product oxidized to C _{6 of} the saccharide ring may be particularly advantageous.

Also oxydisuccinates and other derivatives of disuccinates, preferably ethylenediamine disuccinate, are other suitable cobuilders. This is ethylenediamine-N, N'-disuccinate (EDDS) preferably used in the form of its sodium or magnesium salts. Also preferred in this context are glycerol disuccinates and glycerol trisuccinates. Suitable amounts are zeolithhaltigen and / or silicate-containing Formulations at 3 to 15 wt .-%.

Further useful organic cobuilders are, for example, acetylated hydroxycarboxylic acids or their salts, which may optionally also be present in lactone form, and which at least 4 carbon atoms and at least one hydroxyl group and maximum contain two acid groups.

Another class of substances with co-builder properties are the phosphonates these are in particular hydroxyalkane or aminoalkanephosphonates. Under the hydroxyalkane phosphonates is the 1-hydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphonate (HEDP) of special importance as a co-builder. It is preferably used as the sodium salt, wherein the disodium salt neutral and the tetrasodium salt alkaline (pH 9). When Aminoalkane phosphonates are preferably ethylenediamine tetramethylene phosphonate (EDTMP), Diethylentriaminpentamethylenphosphonat (DTPMP) and their higher homologues in question. They are preferably in the form of neutral sodium salts, z. B. as hexasodium salt of EDTMP or as hepta- and octa-sodium salt of DTPMP, used. The builder used here is preferably HEDP from the class of phosphonates. The aminoalkanephosphonates also have a pronounced heavy metal binding capacity. Accordingly, especially if the agents also contain bleach, be preferred to use Aminoalkanphosphonate, in particular DTPMP, or Use mixtures of the above phosphonates.

In addition, all compounds that are capable of complexes with alkaline earth ions train as co-builders.

The amount of builder is usually between 10 and 70 wt .-%, preferably between 15 and 60 wt .-% and in particular between 20 and 50 wt .-%. In turn is the amount of builders used depending on the purpose, so that Bleaching agent tablets may have higher amounts of builders (for example between 20 and 70 wt .-%, preferably between 25 and 65 wt .-% and in particular between 30 and 55% by weight), for example detergent tablets (usually 10 to 50% by weight, preferably 12.5 to 45% by weight, in particular between 7.5 and 37.5% by weight).

In order to facilitate the disintegration of highly compacted moldings, it is possible to incorporate disintegration aids, so-called tablet disintegrating agents, in order to shorten the disintegration times. According to Römpp (9th edition, Vol. 6, p. 4440) and Voigt " Textbook of Pharmaceutical Technology" (6th edition, 1987, pp. 182-184), excipients are understood to mean excipients which are suitable for rapid disintegration of tablets in water or gastric juice and for the release of the drugs in resorbable form.

These substances, which are also referred to as "explosive" means due to their effect, magnify when water enters their volume, on the one hand increases the intrinsic volume (Swelling), on the other hand also on the release of gases pressure to be generated may cause the tablet to disintegrate into smaller particles. Well-known disintegration aids are, for example, carbonate / citric acid systems, although other organic Acids can be used. Swelling disintegration aids are for example synthetic polymers such as polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) or natural polymers or modified Natural products such as cellulose and starch and their derivatives, alginates or casein derivatives.

Preferred washing and cleaning agent tablets contain from 0.5 to 10% by weight, preferably 3 to 8 wt .-% and in particular 4 to 6 wt .-% of a disintegration aid, in each case based on the molding body weight.

Preferred disintegrating agents in the context of the present invention are cellulose-based disintegrating agents, so that preferred washing and cleaning agent tablets contain such cellulose-based disintegrating agents in amounts of from 0.5 to 10% by weight, preferably from 3 to 8% by weight and in particular 4 contain up to 6 wt .-%. Pure cellulose has the formal gross composition (C ₆ H ₁₀ O ₅ ) _n and is formally a β-1,4-polyacetal of cellobiose, which in turn is composed of two molecules of glucose. Suitable celluloses consist of about 500 to 5000 glucose units and therefore have average molecular weights of 50,000 to 500,000. Cellulose-based disintegrating agents which can be used in the context of the present invention are also cellulose derivatives obtainable by polymer-analogous reactions of cellulose. Such chemically modified celluloses include, for example, products of esterifications or etherifications in which hydroxy hydrogen atoms have been substituted. Celluloses in which the hydroxy groups have been replaced by functional groups which are not bound by an oxygen atom can also be used as cellulose derivatives. The group of cellulose derivatives includes, for example, alkali metal celluloses, carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), cellulose esters and ethers, and aminocelluloses.

The cellulose derivatives mentioned are preferably not used alone as disintegrating agents used on a cellulose basis, but used in admixture with cellulose. The salary these mixtures of cellulose derivatives is preferably below 50% by weight, more preferably below 20 wt .-%, based on the disintegrating agent Cellulose. Particularly preferred as disintegrating agent based on cellulose pure Cellulose free, which is free of cellulose derivatives.

Another disintegrating agent based on cellulose or as part of this component Microcrystalline cellulose can be used. This microcrystalline cellulose is obtained by partial hydrolysis of celluloses under conditions which only the amorphous regions (about 30% of the total cellulose mass) attack the celluloses and completely dissolve, leaving the crystalline areas (about 70%) undamaged. A subsequent deaggregation of the microfine celluloses resulting from the hydrolysis provides the microcrystalline celluloses having primary particle sizes of about 5 microns and, for example, compactable into granules with an average particle size of 200 microns are.

It is also possible in the context of the present invention, acidic ingredients in the To incorporate molded bodies. If the moldings contain carbonates, by reaction the acid released with the carbonate carbon dioxide, whereby this "effervescent effect" disintegrants can work. Usually, in effervescent systems oligomeric oligocarboxylic acids such as succinic acid, maleic acid and especially citric acid used.

It is in the process according to the invention (see above) for the later detergent tablets advantageous if the premix to be compressed has a bulk density has, which comes close to the conventional compact detergent. In particular, it is preferable in that the premix to be compressed has a bulk density of at least 500 g / l, preferably of at least 600 g / l and in particular above 700 g / l.

Among the compounds serving as bleaches in water H ₂ O ₂ , sodium perborate tetrahydrate and sodium perborate monohydrate are of particular importance. Other useful bleaching agents are, for example, sodium percarbonate, peroxypyrophosphates, citrate perhydrates and H ₂ O ₂ -producing peracidic salts or peracids, such as perbenzoates, peroxophthalates, diperazelaic acid, phthaloiminoperacid or diperdodecanedioic acid. Even when using the bleaching agents, it is possible to dispense with the use of surfactants and / or builders, so that pure bleach tablets can be produced. If such bleach tablets are to be used for textile washing, a combination of sodium percarbonate with sodium sesquicarbonate is preferred, regardless of which other ingredients are contained in the tablets. When cleaning or bleaching tablets for automatic dishwashing are prepared, it is also possible to use bleaching agents from the group of organic bleaching agents. Typical organic bleaches are the diacyl peroxides such as dibenzoyl peroxide. Other typical organic bleaches are the peroxyacids, examples of which include the alkyl peroxyacids and the aryl peroxyacids. Preferred representatives are (a) the peroxybenzoic acid and its ring-substituted derivatives, such as alkylperoxybenzoic acids, but also peroxy-α-naphthoic acid and magnesium monoperphthalate, (b) the aliphatic or substituted aliphatic peroxyacids, such as peroxylauric acid, peroxystearic acid, ε-phthalimidoperoxycaproic acid [Phthaloiminoperoxyhexanoic acid (PAP )], o-carboxybenzamidoperoxycaproic acid, N-nonenylamidoperadipic acid and N-nonenylamidopersuccinate, and (c) aliphatic and araliphatic peroxydicarboxylic acids such as 1,12-diperoxycarboxylic acid, 1,9-diperoxyazelaic acid, diperoxysebacic acid, diperoxybrassic acid, the diperoxyphthalic acids, 2-decyldiperoxybutan-1, 4-diacid, N, N-terephthaloyl-di (6-aminopercapronate) can be used.

As bleaching agents in machine dishwashing moldings, chlorine or may also be used Bromine releasing substances are used. Among the suitable chlorine or bromine releasing materials include, for example, heterocyclic N-bromo- and N-chloroamides, for example, trichloroisocyanuric acid, tribromoisocyanuric acid, Dibromoisocyanuric acid and / or dichloroisocyanuric acid (DICA) and / or salts thereof with Cations such as potassium and sodium into consideration. Hydantoin compounds, such as 1,3-dichloro-5,5-dimethylhydanthoin are also suitable.

To improve when washing or cleaning at temperatures of 60 ° C and below To achieve bleaching effect, bleach activators in the inventive Detergent and detergent tablets are incorporated. As bleach activators can Compounds which under perhydrolysis conditions are aliphatic peroxycarboxylic acids preferably having 1 to 10 C atoms, in particular 2 to 4 C atoms, and / or optionally substituted perbenzoic acid, can be used. Suitable substances are the O- and / or N-acyl groups of said C atom number and / or optionally bear substituted benzoyl groups. Preference is given to polyacylated alkylenediamines, in particular tetraacetylethylenediamine (TAED), acylated triazine derivatives, in particular 1,5-diacetyl-2,4-dioxohexahydro-1,3,5-triazine (DADHT), acylated glycolurils, in particular Tetraacetylglycoluril (TAGU), N-acylimides, especially N-nonanoylsuccinimide (NOSI), acylated phenolsulfonates, especially n-nonanoyl or isononanoyloxybenzenesulfonate (n- or iso-NOBS), carboxylic anhydrides, in particular Phthalic anhydride, acylated polyhydric alcohols, especially triacetin, ethylene glycol diacetate and 2,5-diacetoxy-2,5-dihydrofuran.

In addition to the conventional bleach activators or in their place may also so-called bleach catalysts are incorporated into the moldings. For these substances are bleach-enhancing transition metal salts or transition metal complexes such as Mn, Fe, Co, Ru or Mo saline complexes or carbonyl complexes. Also Mn, Fe, Co, Ru, Mo, Ti, V and Cu complexes with N-containing Tripod ligands as well as Co, Fe, Cu and Ru ammine complexes are used as bleach catalysts usable.

As enzymes are in particular those from the classes of hydrolases such as proteases, Esterases, lipases or lipolytic enzymes, amylases, cellulases or other Glykosylhydrolasen and mixtures of said enzymes in question. All these hydrolases Wear in the laundry to remove stains such as protein, grease or starchy stains and graying at. Cellulases and other glycosyl hydrolases In addition, by removing pilling and microfibrils Color retention and to increase the softness of the textile contribute. For bleaching or for Inhibition of color transfer can also be used oxidoreductases. Especially are well suited from bacterial strains or fungi such as Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Streptomyceus griseus, Coprinus cinereus and Humicola insolens, as well as from their genetically modified variants obtained enzymatic agents. Preferably are subtilisin-type proteases and in particular proteases derived from Bacillus lentus are used. These are enzyme mixtures, for example from protease and amylase or protease and lipase or lipolytic enzymes or protease and cellulase or cellulase and lipase or lipolytic enzymes or from protease, amylase and lipase or lipolytic enzymes or Protease, lipase or lipolytic enzymes and cellulase, but especially Protease and / or lipase-containing mixtures or mixtures with lipolytic action Enzymes of particular interest. Examples of such lipolytic enzymes are the known cutinases. Peroxidases or oxidases have also been found in some Cases proved to be suitable. Suitable amylases include, in particular, alpha-amylases, Iso-amylases, pullulanases and pectinases. As cellulases are preferably Cellobiohydrolases, endoglucanases and glucosidases, also called cellobiases are used, or mixtures of these. As different cellulase types distinguished by their CMCase and avicelase activities, can be targeted by Mixtures of cellulases to set the desired activities.

The enzymes may be adsorbed to carriers or embedded in encapsulating substances to protect them against premature decomposition. The proportion of enzymes, enzyme mixtures or enzyme granules may, for example, about 0.1 to 5 wt .-%, preferably 0.5 to about 4.5 wt .-% amount.

In addition, the detergent tablets may also contain components which have a positive effect on the oil and grease wash-out properties of textiles (so-called soil repellents). This effect is particularly evident when a textile is dirty is already several times before with a detergent according to the invention, this oil and fat dissolving component, was washed. To the preferred oil and fat-dissolving components include, for example, nonionic cellulose ethers such as methyl cellulose and methylhydroxy-propylcellulose with a proportion of methoxyl groups of 15 to 30 wt .-% and of hydroxypropoxyl groups from 1 to 15 wt .-%, each based to the nonionic cellulose ether, as well as those known from the prior art Polymers of phthalic acid and / or terephthalic acid or derivatives thereof, in particular Polymers of ethylene terephthalates and / or polyethylene glycol terephthalates or anionic and / or nonionic modified derivatives of these. Especially preferred of these are the sulfonated derivatives of phthalic and terephthalic acid polymers.

The moldings can be used as optical brighteners derivatives of Diaminostilbendisulfonsäure or their alkali metal salts. Suitable are e.g. Salts of 4,4'-bis (2-anilino-4-morpholino-1,3,5-triazinyl-6-amino) stilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid or similarly constructed Compounds which, instead of the morpholino group, are a diethanolamino group, a methylamino group, an anilino group or a 2-methoxyethylamino group. Furthermore, brighteners of the substituted diphenylstyrene type may be present, e.g. the alkali salts of 4,4'-bis (2-sulfostyryl) -diphenyl, 4,4'-bis (4-chloro-3-sulfostyryl) -diphenyl, or 4- (4-chlorostyryl) -4 '- (2-sulfostyryl) -diphenyls. Also mixtures of the aforementioned Brightener can be used.

Dyes and fragrances are the detergent tablets according to the invention added to improve the aesthetic appearance of the products and the Consumers in addition to performance a visually and sensory "typical and unmistakable" To provide product. As perfume oils or fragrances can individual Fragrance compounds, e.g. the synthetic products of the ester, ether, aldehyde, Ketones, alcohols and hydrocarbons are used. fragrance compounds the type of esters are e.g. Benzyl acetate, phenoxyethyl isobutyrate, p-tert-butylcyclohexyl acetate, Linalyl acetate, dimethylbenzyl-carbinyl acetate, phenylethyl acetate, Linalyl benzoate, benzyl formate, ethyl methyl phenyl glycinate, allyl cyclohexyl propionate, Styrallyl propionate and Benzylsalicylate. Ethers include, for example, benzyl ethyl ether, to the aldehydes e.g. the linear alkanals with 8-18 carbon atoms, citral, citronellal, Citronellyloxyacetaldehyde, Cyclamenaldehyde, Hydroxycitronellal, Lilial and Bourgeonal, to the ketones e.g. the ionone, α-isomethylionone and methyl cedryl ketone, to the Alcohols anethole, citronellol, eugenol, geraniol, linalool, phenylethyl alcohol and terpineol, The hydrocarbons mainly include the terpenes such as limonene and Pinene. However, preference is given to using mixtures of different fragrances which together create an appealing scent. Such perfume oils can also be natural Fragrance mixtures as available from vegetable sources, e.g. Pine, citrus, jasmine, patchouly, rose or ylang-ylang oil. Also suitable Muskateller, sage oil, camomile oil, clove oil, lemon balm oil, mint oil, cinnamon leaf oil, lime blossom oil, Juniper berry oil, vetiver oil, olibanum oil, galbanum oil and labdanum oil as well Orange blossom oil, neroliol, orange peel oil and sandalwood oil.

Usually, the content of the detergent tablets according to the invention is Dyes below 0.01 wt .-%, while perfumes up to 2 wt .-% of the total Formulation can make.

The fragrances can be incorporated directly into the compositions according to the invention However, it may also be advantageous to apply the fragrances to carriers, the adhesion of the perfume on the lingerie and by a slower release of fragrance for long-lasting fragrance of the textiles. As such carrier materials, for example Cyclodextrins proven, the cyclodextrin-perfume complexes in addition can still be coated with other excipients.

In order to improve the aesthetic impression of the agents according to the invention, they can dyed with suitable dyes. Preferred dyes, the selection of which Expert has no difficulty, have a high storage stability and insensitivity compared with the other ingredients of the products and against light and none pronounced substantivity to textile fibers so as not to stain them.

Prior to compression of the particulate premix to detergent tablets For example, the premix may contain finely divided surface treatment agents be "powdered". This may be for the texture and physical properties both the premix (storage, compression) and the finished detergent tablets be beneficial. Finely divided powdered agents are in the state The art is well known, with mostly zeolites, silicates or other inorganic salts be used. However, the premix is preferred with finely divided zeolite "powdered", wherein faujasite-type zeolites are preferred. In the context of the present Invention, the term "faujasite-type zeolite" denotes all three zeolites, which form the faujasite subgroup of the zeolite structure group 4 (cf. Donald W. Breck: "Zeolite Molecular Sieves", John Wiley & Sons, New York, London, Sydney, Toronto, 1974, page 92). In addition to the zeolite X are therefore zeolite Y and faujasite as well Mixtures of these compounds can be used, wherein the pure zeolite X is preferred.

In the context of the present invention are methods for the preparation of washing and Preferred detergent tablets in which the or one of the subsequently admixed finely divided processing components a faujasite-type zeolite with particle sizes below 100μm, preferably below 10μm and especially below 5μm and at least 0.2 wt .-%, preferably at least 0.5 wt .-% and in particular more than 1 wt.% of the premix to be compressed.

The production of the shaped body according to the invention is initially carried out by the dry Mixing the ingredients, which may be pre-granulated in whole or in part, and subsequent Informing, pressing to tablets, taking on conventional Method can be used. For the preparation of the invention Shaped body is the premix in a so-called template between two punches condensed into a fixed comprimat. This process, hereinafter briefly referred to as tableting is divided into four sections: dosage, compaction (elastic Deformation), plastic deformation and ejection.

First, the premix is introduced into the die, wherein the filling amount and thus the weight and the shape of the resulting molded body by the position of the lower Stamp and the shape of the press tool can be determined. The constant dosage even at high molding throughputs is preferably a volumetric Dosing of the premix achieved. In the course of tableting the touches Upper stamp the pre-mix and lower further in the direction of the lower punch. at this compression, the particles of the premix are pressed closer to each other, wherein the void volume within the filling between the punches is continuous decreases. From a certain position of the upper punch (and thus from a certain Pressure on the premix) begins the plastic deformation, at which the particles merge and it comes to the formation of the molding. Depending on the physical Properties of the premix will also crush a portion of the premix particles and at even higher pressures sintering of the premix occurs. at increasing press speed, so high throughputs, the phase of the elastic Deformation further and further shortened, so that the resulting moldings more or may have less large cavities. In the last step of tableting, the finished moldings pushed out through the lower die from the die and through subsequent transport facilities carried away. At this time, only the Weight of the molded article finally determined because the compacts due to physical Processes (re-stretching, crystallographic effects, cooling, etc.) their shape and size can still change.

The tabletting is carried out in commercially available tablet presses, which are in principle or double stamping. In the latter case, not only the upper punch used for pressure build-up, also the lower punch moves during the Pressing on the upper punch, while the upper punch presses down. For small production quantities are preferably used in eccentric tablet presses the one or more stamps are attached to an eccentric disc, which in turn to a Axis is mounted at a certain rotational speed. The movement of this Preßstempel is similar to the operation of a conventional four-stroke engine. The compression can be done with a top and bottom stamp, but it can also be several Stamp be attached to an eccentric disc, the number of die holes is extended accordingly. The throughputs of eccentric presses vary according to type from a few hundred to a maximum of 3000 tablets per hour.

For larger throughputs you can choose rotary tablet presses, where on a so-called Matrizentisch a larger number of matrices is arranged in a circle. The Number of matrices varies depending on the model between 6 and 55, with larger matrices are commercially available. Each die on the die table is a top and bottom stamp assigned, in turn, the pressing pressure active only by the upper or lower punch, but can also be built by both stamps. The die table and the Stamps move around a common perpendicular axis, with the stamp by means of rail-like cam tracks during circulation in the positions for filling, Compression, plastic deformation and ejection are brought. In the places where a particularly serious increase or decrease of the stamp required is (filling, compaction, ejection), these curved paths are supplemented by Low pressure pieces, Nierderzugschienen and Aushebebahnen supported. The filling the die is made via a rigidly arranged supply device, the so-called Fill shoe connected to a pre-mix reservoir. The pressing pressure on the premix is on the press paths for upper and lower punch individually adjustable, wherein the pressure build-up by the Vorbeirollen the stamp shank heads on adjustable Pressure rollers happens.

Concentric presses can also be equipped with two filling shoes to increase throughput be, with the preparation of a tablet only a semicircle are passed through got to. To produce two-layered and multi-layered shaped bodies, several filling shoes are used arranged one behind the other without the slightly pressed first layer before further filling is ejected. By suitable process control are in this way coat and point tablets produced, the onion-like structure have, in the case of the point tablets, the top of the core or the core layers is not covered and thus remains visible. Rotary tablet presses are also available Can be equipped with single or multiple tools, so that, for example, an outer circle with 50 and an inner circle with 35 holes are used simultaneously for pressing. The throughputs of modern rotary tablet presses amount to over one million moldings per hour.

• Verwendung von Kunststoffeinlagen mit geringen Dickentoleranzen
• Geringe Umdrehungszahl des Rotors
• Große Füllschuhe
• Abstimmung des Füllschuhflügeldrehzahl auf die Drehzahl des Rotors
• Füllschuh mit konstanter Pulverhöhe
• Entkopplung von Füllschuh und Pulvervorlage

When tableting with rotary presses, it has proven to be advantageous to carry out the tableting with the lowest possible weight fluctuations of the tablet. In this way, the hardness fluctuations of the tablet can be reduced. Small variations in weight can be achieved in the following ways:

• Use of plastic inserts with small thickness tolerances
• Low number of revolutions of the rotor
• Big filling shoes
• Tuning of the filling paddle speed to the speed of the rotor
• Filling shoe with constant powder height
• Decoupling of filling shoe and powder template

To reduce Stempelanbackungen offer all known from the art Non-stick coatings on. Particularly advantageous are plastic coatings, Plastic inserts or plastic stamps. Even rotating stamps have proven to be beneficial proven, where possible upper and lower punch be made rotatable should. With rotating punches can be dispensed with a plastic insert usually become. Here, the stamp surfaces should be electropolished.

It has also been shown that long pressing times are advantageous. These can be with pressure rails, several pressure rollers or low rotor speeds are set. Because the Hardness fluctuations of the tablet caused by the fluctuations of the pressing forces, Systems should be used which limit the pressing force. Here can be elastic Used punches, pneumatic compensators or resilient elements in the force path become. Also, the pressure roller can be made resilient.

Tableting machines suitable for the purposes of the present invention are, for example available from Apparatebau Holzwarth GbR, Asperg, Wilhelm Fette GmbH, Schwarzenbek, Hofer GmbH, Weil, Horn & Noack Pharmatechnik GmbH, Worms, IMA Verpackungssysteme GmbH Viersen, KILIAN, Cologne, KOMAGE, Kell am See, KORSCH Press AG, Berlin, and Romaco GmbH, Worms. Further providers are, for example Dr. Herbert Pete, Vienna (AU), Mapag Maschinenbau AG, Berne (CH), BWI Manesty, Liverpool (GB), I. Holand Ltd., Nottingham (UK), Courtoy N.V., Halle (BE / LU) and Mediopharm Kamnik (SI). For example, the hydraulic double pressure press is particularly suitable HPF 630 from LAEIS, D. tabletting tools are, for example, from the companies Adams tabletting tools, Dresden, Wilhelm Fett GmbH, Schwarzenbek, Klaus Hammer, Solingen, Herber% Sons GmbH, Hamburg, Hofer GmbH, Weil, Horn & Noack, Pharmatechnik GmbH, Worms, Ritter Pharamatechnik GmbH, Hamburg, Romaco, GmbH, Worms and Notter Werkzeugbau, Tamm available. Other providers are e.g. the Senss AG, Reinach (CH) and the Medicopharm, Kamnik (SI).

The moldings can be made in a predetermined spatial form and predetermined size become. As a form of space come practically all useful manageable configurations considered, for example, the training as a blackboard, the bar or bar form, Cube, cuboid and corresponding room elements with flat side surfaces as well in particular cylindrical configurations with a circular or oval cross-section. This last embodiment detects the presentation form of the tablet to compact cylinder pieces with a ratio of height to diameter above 1.

The portioned compacts can each as separate individual elements be formed, the predetermined dosage of the detergent and / or detergent equivalent. However, it is also possible to form compacts, a plurality connect such mass units in a compact, in particular by predetermined Predetermined breaking points the easy separability of portioned smaller units provided is. For the use of textile detergents in machines of the type common in Europe with horizontally arranged mechanism, the formation of the portioned compacts as Tablets to be useful in cylindrical or cuboidal shape, with a diameter / height ratio in the range of about 0.5: 2 to 2: 0.5 is preferred. Commercial hydraulic presses, Eccentric or rotary presses are suitable devices in particular for producing such compacts.

The spatial form of another embodiment of the moldings is in their dimensions the Einspülkammer adapted from commercial household washing machines, so that the Moldings can be metered without dosing directly into the dispenser, where it dissolves during the flushing process. Of course, but also an assignment the detergent molding via a dosing easily possible and in the context of present invention.

Another preferred molded article which can be produced has a plate or panel-like structure with alternately thick long and thin short segments, so that individual segments of this "bar" at the predetermined breaking points, which are the short thin ones Segments, aborted and entered into the machine. This Principle of the "bar-shaped" molding detergent can also be used in other geometric Shapes, for example, perpendicular triangles, the only one of their Pages are connected together side, be realized.

It is also possible, however, that the various components are not uniform Tablet are pressed, but that moldings are obtained, the several layers, So at least two layers. It is also possible that these different Layers have different dissolution rates. From this you can advantageous performance properties of the molded articles result. For example Components contained in the moldings are mutually negative it is possible to influence the one component in the faster soluble layer integrate and incorporate the other component into a slower soluble layer, so that the first component has already reacted when the second goes into solution. The layer structure of the moldings can be carried out either in a stack, wherein a solution process the inner layer (s) already takes place at the edges of the shaped body, if the outer layers are not yet completely dissolved, but it can also be a complete encasement of the inner layer (s) by the further outer layer (s) Layer (s) are achieved, resulting in a prevention of premature solution of components the inner layer (s) leads.

In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, a shaped body is made at least three layers, so two outer and at least one inner layer, wherein at least one of the inner layers contains a peroxy bleach while in the stack-shaped molded body, the two outer layers and the shell-shaped Shaped body, however, the outermost layers are free from peroxy bleach. Farther it is also possible peroxy bleach and optionally present bleach activators and / or to spatially separate enzymes in a molding. Such multilayered Shaped bodies have the advantage that they not only via a Einspülkammer or via a metering device, which is placed in the wash liquor used can be; Rather, it is also possible in such cases, the molding in the direct To give contact to the textiles in the machine without any stains Bleaching agents and the like would be feared.

Similar effects can also be achieved by coating individual constituents the laundry and cleaning composition to be compressed or the entire Reach shaped body. For this purpose, the body to be coated, for example, with aqueous solutions or emulsions, or via the process of Melt coating received a coating.

As optical differentiation, in addition to the shape and a multi-layered structure also incorporation of colored particles, so-called speckles, into the moldings respectively. Here, for example, a white body homogeneously colored, for example blue, red, green, yellow, etc., speckles are colored. To be a homogeneous Distribution of the colored speckles over the entire tablet and thus one visually To provide attractive moldings, the amount of color speckles and their Particle size of the remainder of the premix forming the shaped body matrix from which the Speckles visually stand out, be adapted. Indicates a tabletting mixture, for example a grain spectrum of 200 to 1800 microns, so achieve speckles that are in the same or larger coarse grain spectrum, above a threshold of ≥ 6 Wt .-%, based on the tableting mixture, a homogeneous distribution. Lower quantities then lead to optically unsightly accumulation of speckles in some shaped body areas, while other areas remain almost unpopulated. Even at lower Use concentrations of colored particles to give a homogeneous impression, it is advisable to reduce the particle size of the color speckle particles. So will in above example of Tablettiermischung in the grain spectrum of 200 to 1800 microns even with 2 to 3 wt .-% Farbsprenkelpartikeln a homogeneous distribution of speckles achieved when these particle sizes between 200 and 800 microns.

By a homogeneous mottling, in the manner described above by adaptation the speckle particle size and amount to the premix can be achieved It is also possible to visualize a layer structure of the shaped bodies. In this way, two or multilayer moldings whose one layer is unstained while a second layer is highlighted by speckles. This concept can, for example also be transferred to three-layer tablets in which a layer undyed, the second speckled and the third is dyed through. In addition to the coloring of Layers may, for example, also cores or other sub-areas in core-coated tablets, Toroidal tablets or point tablets colored or sprinkled become. In the variation of these implementation options for optical differentiation the expert has no limits.

After pressing, the detergent tablets have a high stability. The breaking strength of cylindrical shaped bodies can be detected by the measurand of the diametric breaking load. This is determinable σ = 2 P π dt

Here, σ stands for the diametrical fracture stress (DFS) in Pa, P is the force in N which leads to the pressure exerted on the molding, which is the pressure Rupture of the molding caused, D is the molding diameter in meters and t is the Height of the moldings.

Because of the engagement of sugar in detergents and cleaners granules, which after mixing with other components to wash and detergent tablets are pressed, the physical properties the molded body can be improved, as the following examples show:

Examples:

By spray-drying, a surfactant-containing tower powder was prepared, which served as the basis for a surfactant-containing granules was used. The tower powder was with other components (Zeolite, NaOH, anionic surfactant acid, nonionic surfactant, silicate, polymer) in a 50 liter ploughshare mixer granulated by Lödige. The Granulationsansätze invention E1 each contained 3% by weight of sucrose (E1). The granulation approach of the comparative example, however, contained 3 wt .-% sodium acetate. A non-inventive example E2 contained 3 wt.% Sodium gluconate. The amounts of solids and liquids used and the order the addition to the mixer are given in Table 2.

Following the granulation, the granules were in a fluidized bed apparatus of Glatt company dried at a supply air temperature of 60 ° C over a period of 30 minutes. After drying, fines <0.6 mm and coarse particles> 1.6 mm sieved.

The surfactant granules E1, E2 and V were then treated with other components to form a compressible premix, after which compression into tablets (diameter: 44 mm, height: 22 mm, weight: 37.5 g) took place in a Korsch eccentric press. Table 1 shows the composition of the spray-dried tower powder. The composition of the premixes to be compressed (and thus the shaped body) is shown in Table 3. Composition of the spray-dried tower powder [% by weight] C _9-13 alkyl benzene sulphonate 26.0 Soap 4.0 sodium 43.0 Acrylic acid-maleic acid copolymer 7.5 sodium silicate 12.0 Na-hydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphonate 2.0 NaOH, anhydrous active substance 1.5 Water, salts rest granulation E1 E2 V Quantity in% sequence Quantity in% sequence Quantity in% sequence Tower powder (Table 1) 35 1 35 1 35 1 Wessalith® P (zeolite A) 32 1 32 1 32 1 C _12-18 fatty alcohol sulfate granules 6 1 6 1 6 1 sucrose 3 1 - - - - sodium gluconate - - 3 1 - - sodium - - - - 3 1 NaOH, 50% in water 2.1 2 2.1 2 2.1 2 C _9-13 alkyl benzene sulfonic acid 8.4 3 8.4 3 8.4 3 C _12-18 fatty alcohol with 7 EO 5.5 3 5.5 3 5.5 3 Sodium silicate solution, 35% in water 2 4 2 4 2 4 Acrylic acid-maleic acid copolymer 4 4 4 4 4 4 Wessalith P 2 5 2 5 2 5 Composition of premixes [% by weight]: Surfactant Granules (Table 2) 61.75 Sodium perborate monohydrate 17.4 TAED 7.3 foam inhibitor 3.5 polyacrylate 1.1 enzymes 2.5 Perfume 0.45 Wessalith® P (zeolite A) 1.0 Disintegration Aid (Cellulose) 5.0

The hardness of the tablets was measured after two days of storage by deformation of the tablet until fracture, with the force acting on the side surfaces of the tablet and determining the maximum force that could withstand the tablet.
To determine the tablet disintegration, the tablet was placed in a beaker with water (600 ml of water, temperature 30 ° C) and measured the time to complete tablet disintegration. The experimental data are shown in Table 4: Detergent tablets [physical data] tablet E1 E2 V tablet hardness 40 N 40 N 40 N tablet disintegration 9 s 9 s 13 s tablet disintegration 11 s 15 s 17 s

Also, the influence of the drying temperature of the granules on the disintegration time was investigated by drying granules E1 and V at different temperatures and then blended and compressed into tablets whose physical data are given in Table 5. Detergent tablets [physical data] tablet E1 V tablet hardness 40 N 40 N tablet disintegration 8 s 13 s tablet disintegration 9 s 13 s tablet disintegration 8 s 14 s tablet disintegration 11 s 25 s tablet disintegration 11 s 17 s tablet disintegration 11 s 16 s

Claims (8)

1. Laundry detergent and cleaning product tablets in the form of compressed tablets comprising compacted particulate laundry detergent and cleaning product, characterized in that they comprise from 55 to 75% by weight of surfactant granules which comprise from 1.5 to 5% by weight of sugar, based in each case on the weight of the surfactant granules.
2. Tablets according to Claim 1, characterized in that the surfactant granules have surfactant contents of from 5 to 60% by weight, preferably from 10 to 50% by weight, and in particular from 15 to 40% by weight, based in each case on the weight of the surfactant granules.
3. Tablets according to either of Claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the surfactant granules have an anionic surfactant content of from 5 to 45% by weight, preferably from 10 to 40% by weight, and in particular from 15 to 35% by weight, based in each case on the weight of the surfactant granules.
4. Tablets according to any of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the surfactant granules have a nonionic surfactant content of from 1 to 15% by weight, preferably from 2.5 to 10% by weight, and in particular from 5 to 7.5% by weight, based in each case on the weight of the surfactant granules.
5. Process for producing laundry detergent and cleaning product tablets by blending surfactant granules with finely divided formulating components, followed by conventional shaping compression, characterized in that the tablet comprises from 55 to 75% by weight of the surfactant granules and the surfactant granules comprise from 1.5 to 5% by weight of sugar, based on the weight of the surfactant granules.
6. Process according to Claim 5, characterized in that the surfactant granules are produced by granulation, agglomeration, compression agglomeration, or a combination of these processes.
7. Process according to either of Claims 5 and 6, characterized in that the premix intended for compression has a bulk density of at least 500 g/l, preferably at least 600 g/l, and in particular above 700 g/l.
8. Process according to any of Claims 5 to 7, characterized in that the premix intended for further compression comprises one or more substances from the group consisting of bleach activators, enzymes, pH modifiers, fragrances, perfume carriers, fluorescers, dyes, foam inhibitors, silicone oils, antiredeposition agents, optical brighteners, greying inhibitors, colour transfer inhibitors, and corrosion inhibitors.