DE19950765A1 - Compound used in laundry or other detergent tablets, e.g. for use in dish-washing machines, cleaning hard surfaces or as bleach, water softener or stain remover, contains anionic surfactant, hydrotrope and optionally carrier - Google Patents

Abstract

Compound contains anionic surfactant(s), hydrotrope(s) and carrier(s). Compound contains: (a) 60-95 wt.% anionic surfactant(s); (b) 5-40 wt.% hydrotrope(s); and (c) 0-35 wt.% carrier(s), all with respect to the weight of the additive. Independent claims are also included for: (a) tablets of compressed, particulate laundry or other detergent containing the compound; (b) the production of these tablets or multiphase by pressing premix(es) containing the compound(s).

Description

The present invention is in the field of compact molded articles which are washable. and have cleaning-active properties. Such detergent and cleaning agent form bodies include, for example, detergent tablets for washing textiles, Detergent tablets for automatic dishwashing or hard cleaning Surfaces, bleach tablets for use in washing machines or dishwashers, Water softening tablets or stain tablets. In particular, concerns the Erfin dung Detergent tablets that are used to wash textiles in one Household washing machine used and briefly referred to as detergent tablets.

Detergent tablets are widely described in the prior art are becoming increasingly popular with consumers because of the simple dosage. Tableted detergents and cleaning agents have a number of powdered detergents Advantages: They are easier to dose and handle and because of their compact structure Advantages in storage and transport. Even in the Patentlite As a result, laundry detergent and cleaning product tablets are comprehensively described. On Problem that always occurs when using washing and cleaning active moldings occurs again, the too slow disintegration and dissolving speed of the shaped body is below Conditions of use. Because sufficiently stable, d. H. shape and break resistant shape body can only be produced by relatively high pressure, it comes to a strong compression of the molded parts and to a consequent delayed disintegration of the shaped body in the aqueous liquor and thus to one slow release of the active substances in the washing or cleaning process. The ver  hesitated disintegration of the moldings has the disadvantage that usual Detergent tablets not over the induction chamber of household Have the washing machine rinsed in as the tablets will not wash in quickly enough Secondary particles disintegrate that are small enough to go from the induction chamber into the wash drum to be washed in. Another problem, particularly with washing and Detergent tablets occur, the friability of the tablets or their often insufficient stability against abrasion. So can be sufficiently stable, d. H. hard detergent tablets are produced, but these are often the Strain on packaging, transport and handling, d. H. Fall and rubbing stress not sufficiently grown, so that edge breakage and signs of abrasion the Appearance of the molded body or even to a complete destruction lead the molded structure.

To overcome the dichotomy between hardness, i. H. Transport and handling stabilizer lity, and easy disintegration of the moldings are many solutions in the prior art has been developed. A well known from the pharmacy and in the field of Detergent tablets are an extensive approach to incorporation Certain disintegration aids that facilitate the access of water or upon entry swell from water or develop gas or disintegrate in another form. Other proposed solutions from the patent literature describe the pressing of Vor Mixing certain particle sizes, the separation of individual ingredients from be agreed other ingredients as well as the coating of individual ingredients or the entire molded body with binders.

European patent application EP 711 828 (Unilever) describes detergent tablets, which contain surfactant (s), builders (e) and a polymer that acts as a binding and disintegrating agent on aids works. The binders disclosed in this document are said to be at room temperature be solid and be fed to the premix to be pressed as a melt. Be preferred binders are the higher molecular weight polyethylene glycols.  

The use of solid polyethylene glycols is also in the German patent application DE 197 09 411.2 (Henkel). This document teaches synergistic effects between the polyethylene glycols and over-dried amorphous silicates.

Solutions to the problem of the friability and abrasion stability of washing and cleaning medium shaped bodies are used in the prior art for example in the non- Pre-published German patent application DE 198 41 146.4 (Henkel KGaA) open beard. This document teaches the premix to be tabletted based on the shaped body weight 0.25 to 10 wt .-% of one or more non-surfactant, water-soluble, liquid Add binder.

The addition of liquids to tableting premixes is due to the ease and exact dosing advantageous, but also leads to technical problems and un desired side effects. For one thing, tableting premixes are usually made from different powders and granules, so that dosing points for liquids ten mean an additional investment in the system, and secondly a liquid bandage medium when sprayed or sprayed over the entire premix, so that higher Amounts of binder are needed. Another problem is that the on the premixed liquids during the pressing process tend to "sweat out" zen "and in this way lead to stamp caking. It was also observed that Liquids added to the premix negatively affect the storage stability of the moldings can influence. The deteriorate especially at higher storage temperatures Disintegration properties significantly, which can lead to the tablets no longer in disintegrate in a sufficiently short time. When dosing via the induction chamber are then large amounts of detergent undissolved after the last rinse cycle.

The present invention was based on the object of providing moldings which are characterized by short disintegration times with a given hardness and are thus also have it dispensed via the induction chamber of household washing machines. Additional Lich to these requirements, the moldings should be against increased stability Fall and friction loads and have an improved, d. H. decreased, friability possess and have a reduced abrasion behavior. This advantageous shaped body  In contrast to the proposed solutions of the prior art, the technical properties should nik can be achieved by adding solids, making dosing, storage and Tablet problems should be minimized.

It has now been found that the addition of special compounds from anionic surfactant (s), Hydrotrope (s) and optional carriers for detergent tablets Premixed molded body delivers that much more abrasion-resistant and considerably less friable are than the previously known shaped bodies. The use of the additives mentioned influences the fracture hardness of the moldings not or only to a minor extent. Also the Problems with the tableting process are avoided by this addition.

In a first embodiment, the present invention relates to an additive for detergent tablets, which can be added to the tablettable premixes to improve the physical properties of the tablets. A first object of the present invention is therefore a compound containing

• a) 60 to 95% by weight of anionic surfactant (s),
• b) 5 to 40% by weight of hydrotrope (s),
• c) 0 to 35% by weight of carrier material (s),

each based on the weight of the additive.

The compounds according to the invention contain the first essential constituents or more anionic surfactant (s). In preferred compounds, these are 65 to 90% by weight, preferably 70 to 85 wt .-% and in particular 75 to 80 wt .-%, each based on the weight of the compound.

Anionic surfactants used are, for example, those of the sulfonate and sulfate type. The surfactants of the sulfonate type are preferably C _9-13 -alkylbenzenesulfonates, olefin sulfonates, ie mixtures of alkene and hydroxyalkanesulfonates, and disulfonates such as are obtained, for example, from C _12-18 monoolefins having a terminal or internal double bond by sulfonating with gaseous Sulfur trioxide and subsequent alkaline or acidic hydrolysis of the sulfonation products is considered. Also suitable are alkanesulfonates obtained from C _12-18 alkanes, for example by sulfochlorination or sulfoxidation with subsequent hydrolysis or neutralization. Likewise, the esters of α-sulfofatty acids (ester sulfonates), e.g. B. the α-sulfonated methyl ester of hydrogenated coconut, palm kernel or tallow fatty acids is suitable.

Other suitable anionic surfactants are sulfonated fatty acid glycerol esters. Under fatty acid glyce The mono-, di- and triesters as well as their mixtures are to be understood as Rinestern, as in the production by esterification of a monoglycerin with 1 to 3 moles of fatty acid or obtained in the transesterification of triglycerides with 0.3 to 2 mol of glycerol. Before pulled sulfated fatty acid glycerol esters are the sulfonation products of saturated fat acids with 6 to 22 carbon atoms, for example caproic acid, caprylic acid, Ca. pric acid, myristic acid, lauric acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid or behenic acid.

The alk (en) yl sulfates are the alkali and in particular the sodium salts of the sulfuric acid semiesters of C _12-18 fatty alcohols, for example from coconut oil alcohol, tallow fatty alcohol, lauryl, myristyl, cetyl or stearyl alcohol or the C ₁₀ -C ₂₀ - Oxo alcohols and those half esters of secondary alcohols of this chain length are preferred. Also preferred are alk (en) yl sulfates of the chain length mentioned, which contain a synthetic, petrochemical-based straight-chain alkyl radical which have a degradation behavior similar to that of the adequate compounds based on oleochemical raw materials. From the washing, the C ₁₂ -C ₁₆ alkyl sulfates and C ₁₂ are - C ₁₅ alkyl sulfates and C ₁₄ -C ₁₅ alkyl sulfates of preferably. 2,3-Alkyl sulfates, which are produced, for example, according to US Pat. Nos. 3,234,258 or 5,075,041 and can be obtained as commercial products from the Shell Oil Company under the name DAN®, are also suitable anionic surfactants.

The sulfuric acid monoesters of the straight-chain or branched C _7-21 alcohols ethoxylated with 1 to 6 mol of ethylene oxide, such as 2-methyl-branched C _9-11 alcohols with an average of 3.5 mol of ethylene oxide (EO) or C _12-18 -Fatty alcohols with 1 to 4 EO, are suitable. Because of their high foaming behavior, they are used in cleaning agents only in relatively small amounts, for example in amounts of 1 to 5% by weight.

Other suitable anionic surfactants are also the salts of alkylsulfosuccinic acid, which are also referred to as sulfosuccinates or as sulfosuccinic acid esters and which are monoesters and / or diesters of sulfosuccinic acid with alcohols, preferably fatty alcohols and in particular ethoxylated fatty alcohols. Preferred sulfosuccinates contain C _8-18 fatty alcohol residues or mixtures thereof. Particularly preferred sulfosuccinates contain a fatty alcohol residue, which is derived from ethoxylated fatty alcohols, which in themselves are nonionic surfactants (description see below). Again, sulfosuccinates, the fatty alcohol residues of which are derived from ethoxylated fatty alcohols with a narrow homolog distribution, are particularly preferred. It is also possible to use alk (en) ylsuccinic acid with preferably 8 to 18 carbon atoms in the alk (en) yl chain or salts thereof.

Soaps are particularly suitable as further anionic surfactants. Are suitable saturated fatty acid soaps, such as the salts of lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, Stearic acid, hydrogenated erucic acid and behenic acid and in particular from natural Fatty acids, e.g. B. coconut, palm kernel or tallow fatty acids, derived soap mixtures.

The anionic surfactants including the soaps can be in the form of their sodium, potassium or ammonium salts and as soluble salts of organic bases, such as mono-, di- or Triethanolamine. The anionic surfactants are preferably in the form of their Sodium or potassium salts, especially in the form of the sodium salts.

Preferred compounds contain one or more surfactants from the Groups of fatty alcohol sulfates, alkyl benzene sulfonates and / or soaps.

Particularly preferred compounds according to the invention are characterized in that they contain the alkali metal, preferably the sodium salts of C _9-13 -alkylbenzenesulfonic acids as anionic surfactants.

Alkylbenzenesulfonates as powerful anionic surfactants have been around since the 1930s of our century. At that time, monochlorination of kogasin Fractions and subsequent Friedel-Crafts alkylation prepared using alkylbenzenes  Oleum sulfonated and neutralized with sodium hydroxide solution. Early 1950s was used to produce alkylbenzenesulfonates propylene to branched α-dodecylene tetramerized and the product via a Friedel-Crafts reaction using Aluminum trichloride or hydrogen fluoride converted to tetrapropylene benzene, which after subsequently sulfonated and neutralized. This economical way of manufacturing of tetrapropylene benzene sulfonates (TPS) led to the breakthrough of this class of surfactants, the subsequently displaced the soaps as the main surfactant in washing and cleaning agents. Due to the lack of biodegradability of TPS, there was a need to to represent new alkylbenzenesulfonates, which are characterized by an improved ecological ver keep honoring. These requirements are met by linear alkylbenzenesulfonates fills, which are the almost exclusively manufactured alkylbenzenesulfonates and with the abbreviation ABS.

Linear alkylbenzenesulfonates are made from linear alkylbenzenes, which like which are accessible from linear olefins. For this purpose, petroleum is used on an industrial scale Fractions with molecular sieves separated into the n-paraffins of the desired purity and dehydrogenated to the n-olefins, resulting in both α- and i-olefins. The ent standing olefins are then in the presence of acidic catalysts with benzene to the Al implemented kylbenzenes, the choice of Friedel-Crafts catalyst having an influence the distribution of isomers of the linear alkylbenzenes formed has: When using Aluminum trichloride is the content of the 2-phenyl isomers in the mixture with the 3-, 4-, 5- and other isomers at about 30 wt .-%, however, hydrogen fluoride as Kataly used sator, the content of 2-phenyl isomer can be reduced to about 20 wt .-%. The Finally, sulfonation of linear alkylbenzenes is now possible on an industrial scale using oleum, Sulfuric acid or gaseous sulfur trioxide, the latter being by far the largest has interpretation. Special film or tube bundle reactors are used for sulfonation sets, which deliver as a product a 97 wt .-% alkylbenzenesulfonic acid (ABSS), so marketed or with NaOH to aqueous ABS pastes with active substance contents around the 60 wt .-% is neutralized, which then go on sale.

By choosing the neutralizing agent, a wide variety of salts, ie alkylbenzenesulfonates, can be obtained from the ABSS. For reasons of economy, it is preferred to prepare and use the alkali metal salts and, among them, the sodium salts of the ABSS. These can be described by the general formula I:

in which the sum of x and y is usually between 5 and 13. In the context of the present invention, preference is given to compounds which contain the alkali metal salts, preferably sodium salts, of C _8-16 , preferably C _9-13 alkylbenzenesulfonic acids which are derived from alkylbenzenes which have a tetralin content of less than 5% by weight. , based on the Al kylbenzol.

It is further preferred to use alkylbenzenesulfonates whose alkylbenzenes have been prepared by the HF process in the compounds according to the invention, so that compounds are preferred which contain the alkali metal, preferably sodium salts of C _8-16 -, preferably C _9-13 - Contain alkylbenzenesulfonic acids which have a 2-phenyl isomer content below 22% by weight, based on the alkylbenzenesulfonic acid.

The compounds according to the invention contain a second essential constituent or more hydrotropes. These substances cause - even though they do not have any sol represent means - that less soluble substances better in their presence in Let water dissolve. Preferred compounds contain 6 to based on their weight 35% by weight, preferably 7.5 to 30% by weight, particularly preferably 10 to 25 and in particular especially 12.5 to 20% by weight of hydrotrope (s).

Certain hydrotropes can preferably be used in the context of the present invention put. These preferred hydrotropes come from the groups of short-chain alkyl benzenesulfonates, the alkali residues of which have a maximum of 6 carbon atoms, the short chain  gene carboxylic acids and their salts, the sugar and the covalent compounds higher Solubility in water.

Preferred compounds contain aromatic sulfonates of the formula II as hydrotropes

in which each of the radicals R ₁ , R ₂ , R ₃ , R ₄ , R _{5 is} independently selected from H or a C _1-5 alkyl or alkenyl radical and X is a cation.

Preferred substituents R ₁ , R ₂ , R ₃ , R ₄ , R ₅ are independently selected from H or a methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, iso-butyl , tert-butyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl or neopentyl radical. As a rule, at least three of the radicals R ₁ to R _{5 mentioned are} hydrogen atoms, preference being given to aromatic sulfonates in which three or four substituents on the aromatic ring are hydrogen atoms. The remaining or the remaining two residues can take any position on the sulfonate group and each other. In the case of monosubstituted compounds of the formula I, it is preferred if the radical R _{3 is} an alkyl radical, while R ₁ , R ₂ , R ₄ and R _{5 are} H (para substitution).

Aromatic sulfonates are particularly preferred in the context of the present invention Toluene, cumene or xylene sulfonate.

Of the two commercially available toluenesulfonates (ortho- and para-toluenesulfonate), the para-isomer is preferred in the context of the present invention. The para-isopropylbenzenesulfonate is also the preferred compound for the cumene sulfonates. Since xylene is usually used industrially as a mixture of isomers, the technically obtainable xylene sulfonate is also a mixture of several compounds which are derived from the sulfonation of ortho-, meta- and para-xylene. In these mixtures of isomers, the compounds dominate in which the following radicals in the general formula I are methyl groups (all other radicals are H): R ₁ and R ₂ , R ₁ and R ₄ , R ₁ and R ₃ and R ₁ and R ₅ . In the case of the xylene sulfonates, there is therefore preferably at least one methyl group ortho to the sulfonate group.

X in the general formula I represents a cation, for example an alkali metal cation such as sodium or potassium. However, X can also represent the charge-equivalent proportion of a polyvalent cation, for example Mg ²⁺ / 2 or Al ³⁺ / 3, sodium being preferred among the cations mentioned.

Particularly preferred compounds are characterized in that, based on their weight, they contain 6 to 35% by weight, preferably 7.5 to 30% by weight, particularly preferably 10 to 25 and in particular 12.5 to 20% by weight sodium contain para-toluenesulfonate (R ₃ = CH ₃ , R ₁ = R ₂ = R ₄ = R ₅ = H, X = Na).

Further preferred compounds according to the invention contain, based on their weight, 6 to 35% by weight, preferably 7.5 to 30% by weight, particularly preferably 10 to 25 and in particular 12.5 to 20% by weight of sodium para-cumene sulfonate (R ₃ = -CH (CH ₃ ) ₂ , R ₁ = R ₂ = R ₄ = R ₅ = H, X = Na).

According to the invention, carboxylic acids or theirs can also be preferred hydrotropes Use salts. Compounds which have one or more hydrotropes are preferred here Mono-, di-, tri- or oligocarboxylic acids and / or their salts with particular preference of fumaric acid, L (+) - ascorbic acid, L (-) - malic acid, maleic acid, malonic acid, DL-malic acid, citric acid and its alkali salts.

Sugar can also be used in the compounds according to the invention. Preferred As a hydrotrope, compounds contain one or more sugars, especially before Lactose, L (-) - Sorbose, D (+) - Galactose, D (+) - Glucose, Sucrose, D (+) - Mannose, Melibiosis, D (-) - Fructose.  

Last but not least, there are also water-soluble and non-salt-like compounds as hydro trope particularly suitable in the context of the present invention. Compounds called Hy drotropically contain one or more covalent compounds that are water soluble of more than 200 g per liter of water at 20 ° C, preferably of more than 400 g per liter Water at 20 ° C and especially more than 700 g per liter of water at 20 ° C sen, with urea and N-methylacetamide being particularly preferred, are also be prefers.

In addition to anionic surfactant (s) and hydrotrope (s), the compounds according to the invention can contain other ingredients. Depending on the type and quantity of the two, mandatory use the components it may be necessary to incorporate carrier material into the compounds to improve their processability and storage stability. According to the invention Compounds based on their weight 1 to 30 wt .-%, preferably 2.5 to 20 wt .-%, particularly preferably 4 to 15 and in particular 5 to 10% by weight of carrier material (s) are preferred.

In particular, builders and among them have been preferred carrier materials the silicates, carbonates and zeolites have been found to be suitable. There are also pebbles Ren and sulfates are particularly suitable as carrier materials. Alkali silicates and alkali alum niumsilicates are described in detail below in the description of the builders wrote.

Silicas are compounds of the general formula SiO ₂ .n H ₂ O. While the lower members, such as orthosilicic acid and pyro silicic acid, are only stable in aqueous solution, the formal end product of the condensation is silicon dioxide, (SiO ₂ ) _x , the anhydride of the silica. In the condensation, chain-extending, ring-forming and branching processes run side by side, so that the polysilicic acids are amorphous. With all silicas, the Si atoms are at the center of irregularly linked tetrahedra, at the four corners of which are the O atoms, which at the same time belong to the neighboring wheels. The silicas particularly have the ability to form colloidal solutions of polysilicic acids, in which the silicic acid particles have particle sizes between 5 and 150 nm. These are called silica brines. They are unstable against further condensation and can be converted into silica gels by aggregation.

With regard to the technical scope of production, the precipitated silicas are by far the most important. They are produced from an aqueous alkali silicate solution by precipitation with mineral acids. This creates colloidal primary particles that agglomerate as the reaction progresses and eventually grow into aggregates. The powdery, voluminous forms have pore volumes of 2.5-15 ml / g and specific surfaces of 30-800 m ² / g. Under the name pyrogenic silicas who summarized the highly disperse silicas that are produced by flame hydrolysis. Silicon tetrachloride is decomposed in a detonating gas flame. Fumed silica has significantly less OH groups on its almost non-porous surface than precipitated silicas. Known pyrogenic silicas available on an industrial scale are, for example, Aerosil® (Degussa), Cab-O-Sil® (Cabot Corporation, Waltham, Massachusetts) and HDK (highly disperse silicas).

In addition to the silicas and the builders described in detail below, Silicates and aluminum silicates (zeolites) in particular are also highly porous Polymers and dried polymer gels, such as polymer powder from the group of polyvinyl alcohols, polyacrylates, polyurethanes and polyvinyl pyrrolidones, as carriers materials for the compounds.

Compounds according to the invention which, as carrier material, contain one or more substances from the Group sodium sulfate, sodium carbonate, sodium hydrogen carbonate, and / or the group contain pen of sodium silicates and zeolites, according to the invention are particularly be prefers.

Another object of the present invention are washing or cleaning agents Moldings containing the compounds according to the invention, specifically washing or Detergent tablets made of compressed, particulate washing or cleaning agents  gmittel that are characterized in that they are a compound according to the invention contain.

Here, the compound according to the invention is preferably used in amounts below 20% by weight. used. So detergent or cleaning tablets are preferred that the Compound in amounts of 0.1 to 20% by weight, preferably 0.25 to 15% by weight, particularly preferably from 0.5 to 10% by weight and in particular from 1 to 5% by weight, in each case based on the weight of the molded body.

In addition to the compounds used according to the invention, the compounds according to the invention contain Detergent tablets, surfactant (s) and builders (e) as the most important in Detergents and cleaning agents as well as optional additional ingredients. As other additives that are usually not used in washing and cleaning agents are, but can have beneficial effects in molded articles, are disintegration to name aids.

In order to facilitate the disintegration of highly compressed moldings, it is possible to disintegrate on aids, so-called tablet disintegrants, to incorporate them into the disintegration to shorten times. Under tablet disintegrants or disintegrators according to Römpp (9th edition, vol. 6, p. 4440) and Voigt "Textbook of pharmaceutical Technologie "(6th edition, 1987, pp. 182-184) understood auxiliary substances that are necessary for the rapid Disintegration of tablets in water or gastric juice and for the release of the pharmaceuticals in provide resorbable form.

These substances, which are also referred to as "explosives" due to their effect, ver increase their volume when water enters, and on the one hand increases their own volume (Swelling), on the other hand, a pressure can be generated via the release of gases which can break the tablet into smaller particles. Well-known disintegration aid medium are, for example, carbonate / citric acid systems, but also other organic ones Acids can be used. Swelling disintegration aids are, for example synthetic polymers such as polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) or natural polymers or mo  differentiated natural substances such as cellulose and starch and their derivatives, alginates or casein Derivatives.

Preferred detergent tablets contain 0.5 to 10% by weight preferably 3 to 7% by weight and in particular 4 to 6% by weight of one or more disinfectants Gration aids, each based on the weight of the molded body.

Disintegrants based on cellulose are used as preferred disintegrants in the context of the present invention, so that preferred laundry detergents and cleaning agents form such a disintegrant based on cellulose in amounts of 0.5 to 10% by weight, preferably 3 to 7% by weight and in particular Contain 4 to 6 wt .-%. Pure cellulose has the formal gross composition (C ₆ H ₁₀ O ₅ ) _n and, formally speaking, is a β-1,4-polyacetal of cellobiose, which in turn is made up of two molecules of glucose. Suitable celluloses consist of approximately 500 to 5000 glucose units and consequently have average molecular weights of 50,000 to 500,000. Cellulose-based disintegrants which can be used in the context of the present invention are also cellulose derivatives which can be obtained from cellulose by polymer-analogous reactions. Such chemically modified celluloses include, for example, products from esterifications or etherifications in which hydroxyl hydrogen atoms have been substituted. However, celluloses in which the hydroxyl groups have been replaced by functional groups which are not bound via an oxygen atom can also be used as cellulose derivatives. The group of cellulose derivatives includes, for example, alkali celluloses, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), cellulose esters and ethers and aminocelluloses. The cellulose derivatives mentioned are preferably used not only as cellulose-based disintegrants, but rather in a mixture with cellulose. The content of cellulose derivatives in these mixtures is preferably below 50% by weight, particularly preferably below 20% by weight, based on the cellulose-based disintegrant. Pure cellulose which is free from cellulose derivatives is particularly preferably used as a cellulose-based disintegrant.

The cellulose used as disintegration aid is preferably not finely divided form, but before mixing into the premixes to be pressed converted into a coarser form, for example granulated or compacted. Washing and Detergent tablets, the disintegrant in granular or optionally cogranu Contained form, are in the German patent applications DE 197 09 991 (Ste fan Herzog) and DE 197 10 254 (Henkel) and the international patent application WO 98/40463 (Henkel). These writings are also more detailed information on the Her position of granulated, compacted or cogranulated cellulose disintegrants men. The particle sizes of such disintegrants are usually above 200 μm, preferably at least 90% by weight between 300 and 1600 µm and in particular to at least 90% by weight between 400 and 1200 µm. The above and in the writings cited described coarser disintegration aids on cellulose In the context of the present invention, bases are preferred as disintegration aids used and commercially, for example under the name Arbocel® TF-30-HG by available from Rettenmaier.

As a further disintegrant based on cellulose or as part of this compo microcrystalline cellulose can be used. This microcrystalline cellulose is obtained by partial hydrolysis of celluloses under conditions that only attack the amorphous areas (approx. 30% of the total cellulose mass) of the celluloses and dissolve completely, but leave the crystalline areas (approx. 70%) undamaged. A subsequent disaggregation of the microfine cellulo produced by the hydrolysis sen supplies the microcrystalline celluloses, which have primary particle sizes of approx. 5 µm sen and, for example, to granules with an average particle size of 200 microns are pactable.

Preferred detergent and cleaning agent form in the context of the present invention Bodies additionally contain a disintegration aid, preferably a disintegration agent cellulose-based auxiliary agents, preferably in granular, cogranulated or compact tated form, in amounts of 0.5 to 10 wt .-%, preferably from 3 to 7 wt .-% and in particular from 4 to 6% by weight, in each case based on the weight of the shaped body.  

The detergent tablets according to the invention further contain egg one or more builders. In the washing and cleaning agents according to the invention Shaped bodies can all be used in washing and cleaning agents Builders may be included, in particular thus zeolites, silicates, carbonates, organic Cobuilder and - where there are no ecological prejudices against their use - also that Phosphates.

Suitable crystalline, layered sodium silicates have the general formula NaMSi _x O _{2x + 1} .H ₂ O, where M is sodium or hydrogen, x is a number from 1.9 to 4 and y is a number from 0 to 20 and preferred values for x 2, 3 or 4. Preferred crystalline layered silicates of the formula given are those in which M represents sodium and x assumes the values 2 or 3. In particular, both β- and δ-sodium disilicates Na ₂ Si ₂ O ₅ .yH ₂ O are preferred.

Amorphous sodium silicates with a modulus Na ₂ O: SiO ₂ of 1: 2 to 1: 3.3, preferably from 1: 2 to 1: 2.8 and in particular from 1: 2 to 1: 2.6, can also be used are delayed and have secondary washing properties. The delay in dissolution compared to conventional amorphous sodium silicates can be caused in various ways, for example by surface treatment, compounding, compaction / compression or by overdrying. In the context of this invention, the term “amorphous” is also understood to mean “X-ray amorphous”. This means that the silicates in X-ray diffraction experiments do not provide sharp X-ray reflections, as are typical for crystalline substances, but at most one or more maxima of the scattered X-rays, which have a width of several degree units of the diffraction angle. However, it can very well lead to particularly good builder properties if the silicate particles deliver washed-out or even sharp diffraction maxima in electron diffraction experiments. This is to be interpreted in such a way that the products have microcrystalline ranges of size 10 to a few hundred nm, values up to max. 50 nm and in particular up to max. 20 nm are preferred. Such so-called X-ray amorphous silicates, which also have a release delay compared to the conventional water glass glasses, are described, for example, in German patent application DE-A-44 00 024. Particularly preferred are compressed / compacted amorphous silicates, compounded amorphous silicates and over-dried X-ray amorphous silicates.

The finely crystalline, synthetic and bound water-containing zeolite used is preferably zeolite A and / or P. As zeolite P, zeolite MAP® (commercial product from Crosfield) is particularly preferred. However, zeolite X and mixtures of A, X and / or P are also suitable. Commercially available and can preferably be used in the context of the present invention, for example a co-crystallizate of zeolite X and zeolite A (approx. 80% by weight zeolite X), which is sold by CONDEA Augusta SpA under the brand name VEGOBOND AX® and by the formula

n Na ₂ O. (1-n) K ₂ O. Al ₂ O _3. (2-2.5) SiO _2. (3.5-5.5) H ₂ O

can be described. The zeolite can be used both as a builder in a granule Ren compound used, as well as a kind of "powdering" of the whole to be pressed Send mixture are used, usually both ways of incorporation of the zeolite can be used in the premix. Suitable zeolites have a medium one Particle size of less than 10 µm (volume distribution; measurement method: Coulter Coun ter) and preferably contain 18 to 22% by weight, in particular 20 to 22% by weight bound water.

It goes without saying that the generally known phosphates are also used as buildersub punching possible, provided that such use is not avoided for ecological reasons should be. Among the large number of commercially available phosphates, the Alka limetal phosphates with particular preference for pentasodium or pentapotassium tri phosphate (sodium or potassium tripolyphosphate) in detergents and cleaning agents Industry the most important.

Alkali metal phosphates is the general term for the alkali metal (especially sodium and potassium) salts of the various phosphoric acids, in which one can distinguish between metaphosphoric acids (HPO ₃ ) _n and orthophosphoric acid H ₃ PO _{4 in} addition to higher molecular weight representatives. The phosphates combine several advantages:
They act as alkali carriers, prevent lime deposits on machine parts or lime incrustations in fabrics and also contribute to cleaning performance.

Sodium dihydrogen phosphate, NaH ₂ PO ₄ , exists as a dihydrate (density 1.91 gcm ^-3 , melting point 60 °) and as a monohydrate (density 2.04 gcm ^-3 ). Both salts are white, water-soluble powders, which lose water of crystallization when heated and at 200 ° C into the weakly acidic diphosphate (disodium hydrogen diphosphate, Na ₂ H ₂ P ₂ O ₇ ), at higher temperature in sodium trimetaphosphate (Na ₃ P ₃ O ₉ ) and Maddrell's salt (see below). NaH ₂ PO _{4 is} acidic; it occurs when phosphoric acid is adjusted to pH 4.5 with caustic soda and the mash is sprayed. Potassium dihydrogen phosphate (primary or monobasic potassium phosphate, potassium biphosphate, KDP), KH ₂ PO ₄ , is a white salt with a density of 2.33 gcm ^-3 , has a melting point of 253 ° [decomposition to form potassium polyphosphate (KPO ₃ ) _x ] and is easily soluble in water.

Disodium hydrogen phosphate (secondary sodium phosphate), Na ₂ HPO ₄ , is a colorless, very easily water-soluble crystalline salt. It exists anhydrous and with 2 mol. (Density 2.066 gcm ^-3 , water loss at 95 °), 7 mol. (Density 1.68 gcm ^-3 , melting point 48 ° with loss of 5 H ₂ O) and 12 mol. Water ( Density 1.52 gcm ^-3 , melting point 35 ° with loss of 5 H ₂ O), becomes anhydrous at 100 ° and changes to the diphosphate Na ₄ P ₂ O ₇ when heated to a greater extent. Disodium hydrogen phosphate is produced by neutralizing phosphoric acid with soda solution using phenolphthalein as an indicator. Dipotassium hydrogen phosphate (secondary or dibasic potassium phosphate), K ₂ HPO ₄ , is an amorphous, white salt that is easily soluble in water.

Trisodium phosphate, tertiary sodium phosphate, Na ₃ PO ₄ , are colorless crystals which, as dodecahydrate, have a density of 1.62 gcm ^-3 and a melting point of 73-76 ° C (decomposition), as decahydrate (corresponding to 19-20% P ₂ O ₅ ) have a melting point of 100 ° C and in anhydrous form (corresponding to 39-40% P ₂ O ₅ ) have a density of 2.536 gcm ^-3 . Trisodium phosphate is readily soluble in water with an alkaline reaction and is produced by evaporating a solution of exactly 1 mol of disodium phosphate and 1 mol of NaOH. Tripotassium phosphate (tertiary or triphase potassium phosphate), K ₃ PO ₄ , is a white, deliquescent, granular powder with a density of 2.56 gcm ^-3 , has a melting point of 1340 ° and is easily soluble in water with an alkaline reaction. It arises e.g. B. when He's heating Thomas slag with coal and potassium sulfate. Despite the higher price, the more soluble, therefore highly effective, potassium phosphates are often preferred over corresponding sodium compounds in the cleaning agent industry.

Tetrasodium diphosphate (sodium pyrophosphate), Na ₄ P ₂ O ₇ , exists in anhydrous form (density 2.534 gcm ^-3 , melting point 988 °, also given 880 °) and as decahydrate (density 1.815-1.836 gcm ^-3 , melting point 94 ° with loss of water) . Substances are colorless crystals that are soluble in water with an alkaline reaction. Na ₄ P ₂ O ₇ is formed by heating disodium phosphate to <200 ° or by reacting phosphoric acid with soda in a stoichiometric ratio and dehydrating the solution by spraying. The decahydrate complexes heavy metal salts and hardness formers and therefore reduces the hardness of the water. Potassium diphosphate (potassium pyrophosphate), K ₄ P ₂ O ₇ , exists in the form of the trihydrate and is a colorless, hygroscopic powder with a density of 2.33 gcm ^-3 , which is soluble in water, the pH value being 1% Solution at 25 ° is 10.4.

Condensation of the NaH ₂ PO ₄ or the KH ₂ PO ₄ produces higher moles. Sodium and potassium phosphates, in which one can distinguish cyclic representatives, the sodium or potassium metaphosphates and chain-like types, the sodium or potassium polyphosphates. A large number of terms are used in particular for the latter: melt or glow phosphates, Graham's salt, Kurrol's and Maddrell's salt. All higher sodium and potassium phosphates are collectively referred to as condensed phosphates.

The technically important pentasodium triphosphate, Na ₅ P ₃ O ₁₀ (sodium tripolyphosphate), is an anhydrous or non-hygroscopic, water-soluble salt of the general formula NaO- [P (O) (ONa) -O] that crystallizes with 6 H ₂ O. _n -Na with n = 3. In 100 g of water about 17 g dissolve at room temperature, at 20 ° approx. 20 g, at 100 ° around 32 g of the salt free of water; After heating the solution at 100 ° for two hours, hydrolysis produces about 8% orthophosphate and 15% diphosphate. In the production of pentasodium triphosphate, phosphoric acid is reacted with sodium carbonate solution or sodium hydroxide solution in a stoichiometric ratio and the solution is dewatered by spraying. Similar to Graham's salt and sodium diphosphate, pentasodium triphosphate dissolves many insoluble metal compounds (including lime soaps, etc.). Pentapotassium triphosphate, K ₅ P ₃ O ₁₀ (potassium tripolyphosphate), is commercially available, for example, in the form of a 50% strength by weight solution (<23% P ₂ O ₅ , 25% K ₂ O). The potassium polyphosphates are widely used in the detergent and cleaning agent industry. There are also sodium potassium tripolyphosphates which can also be used in the context of the present invention. These occur, for example, when hydrolyzing sodium trimetaphosphate with KOH:

(NaPO ₃ ) ₃ + 2 KOH → Na ₃ K ₂ P ₃ O ₁₀ + H ₂ O.

According to the invention, these are exactly like sodium tripolyphosphate, potassium tripolyphosphate or mixtures of these two can be used; also mixtures of sodium tripolyphos phate and sodium potassium tripolyphosphate or mixtures of potassium tripolyphosphate and Sodium potassium tripolyphosphate or mixtures of sodium tripolyphosphate and potassium tri Polyphosphate and sodium potassium tripolyphosphate can be used according to the invention.

As organic cobuilders in the washing and cleaning agents according to the invention telformkörper in particular polycarboxylates / polycarboxylic acids, polymeric polycarboxy latex, aspartic acid, polyacetals, dextrins, other organic cobuilders (see below) and phosphonates are used. These classes of substances are described below ben.

Usable organic builders are, for example, those in the form of their sodium salts usable polycarboxylic acids, with such carboxylic acids under polycarboxylic acids can be understood that carry more than one acid function. For example, these are Citro Nenoic acid, adipic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, maleic acid, Fumaric acid, sugar acids, aminocarboxylic acids, nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), if one such use is not objectionable for ecological reasons, as well as mixtures from these. Preferred salts are the salts of polycarboxylic acids such as citric acid, Adi  Pinic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, tartaric acid, sugar acids and mixtures of the sen.

The acids themselves can also be used. The acids have besides their buil the effect typically also the property of an acidifying component and serve thus also for setting a lower and milder pH value of washing or Detergents. In particular, citric acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, Adipic acid, gluconic acid and any mixtures of these.

Polymeric polycarboxylates are also suitable as builders, for example those Alkali metal salts of polyacrylic acid or polymethacrylic acid, for example those with a molecular weight of 500 to 70,000 g / mol.

In the context of this document, the molecular weights given for polymeric polycarboxylates are weight-average molecular weights M _{w of} the respective acid form, which were determined in principle by means of gel permeation chromatography (GPC), using a UV detector. The measurement was carried out against an external polyacrylic acid standard, which provides realistic molecular weight values due to its structural relationship with the investigated polymers. This information differs significantly from the molecular weight information for which polystyrene sulfonic acids are used as standard. The molecular weights measured against polystyrene sulfonic acids are generally significantly higher than the molecular weights given in this document.

Suitable polymers are in particular polyacrylates, which preferably have a molecular weight of Have 2000 to 20,000 g / mol. Because of their superior solubility, the This group in turn the short-chain polyacrylates, the molecular weights from 2000 to 10000 g / mol, and particularly preferably from 3000 to 5000 g / mol, preferably his.

Also suitable are copolymeric polycarboxylates, especially those of acrylic acid with methacrylic acid and acrylic acid or methacrylic acid with maleic acid. As a special copolymers of acrylic acid with maleic acid, 50 to Contain 90 wt .-% acrylic acid and 50 to 10 wt .-% maleic acid. Your relative mole  Cooling mass, based on free acids, is generally from 2000 to 70,000 g / mol preferably 20,000 to 50,000 g / mol and in particular 30,000 to 40,000 g / mol.

The (co) polymeric polycarboxylates can be either as a powder or as an aqueous solution be used. The content of (co) polymeric polycarboxylates in the agent is before preferably 0.5 to 20% by weight, in particular 3 to 10% by weight.

To improve water solubility, the polymers can also allylsulfonic acids, such as for example, allyloxybenzenesulfonic acid and methallylsulfonic acid, as a monomer ten.

Biodegradable polymers of more than two ver. Are also particularly preferred different monomer units, for example those that act as monomers salts of acrylic acid and maleic acid and vinyl alcohol or vinyl alcohol derivatives or as Monomeric salts of acrylic acid and 2-alkylallylsulfonic acid as well as sugar derivatives contain.

Likewise, further preferred builder substances are polymeric aminodicarboxylic acids, to name their salts or their precursors. Polyas are particularly preferred Paraginic acids or their salts and derivatives, which in addition to cobuilder properties have a bleach-stabilizing effect.

Other suitable builder substances are polyacetals, which are produced by the implementation of Dial dehyden with polyol carboxylic acids, which have 5 to 7 carbon atoms and at least 3 hydroxyl have groups that can be obtained. Preferred polyacetals are from Dialde hyden such as glyoxal, glutaraldehyde, terephthalaldehyde and their mixtures and from Obtained polyol carboxylic acids such as gluconic acid and / or glucoheptonic acid.

Other suitable organic builder substances are dextrins, for example oligomers or polymers of carbohydrates obtained by partial hydrolysis of starches can be. The hydrolysis can be carried out according to conventional methods, for example acid or enzyme lysed procedures are carried out. It is preferably hydrolysis pro Products with average molecular weights in the range of 400 to 500,000 g / mol. There is a poly  saccharide with a dextrose equivalent (DE) in the range of 0.5 to 40, in particular from 2 to 30 preferred, DE being a common measure of the reducing effect of a polysaccharide compared to dextrose, which has a DE of 100. Both maltodextrins with a DE between 3 and 20 and dry glu can be used cosesirupe with a DE between 20 and 37 as well as so-called yellow dextrins and White dextrins with higher molar masses in the range from 2000 to 30000 g / mol.

The oxidized derivatives of such dextrins are their reaction products with oxidizing agents which are capable of oxidizing at least one alcohol function of the saccharide ring to the carboxylic acid function. An oxidized oligosaccharide is also suitable. A product oxidized at C _{6 of} the saccharide ring can be particularly advantageous.

Also oxydisuccinates and other derivatives of disuccinates, preferably ethylenedia mindisuccinate are other suitable cobuilders. Here, ethylenediamine-N, N'- disuccinate (EDDS) preferably used in the form of its sodium or magnesium salts. Glycerol disuccinates and Gly are also preferred in this context cerintrisuccinate. Suitable amounts are in zeolite and / or silicate salts gene formulations at 3 to 15 wt .-%.

Other useful organic cobuilders are, for example, acetylated hydroxycarbon acids or their salts, which may optionally also be in lactone form, and which have at least 4 carbon atoms and at least one hydroxyl group and maxi contain two acid groups.

Another class of substances with cobuilder properties are the phosphonates it is in particular hydroxyalkane or aminoalkanephosphonates. Under the hydroxyalkane phosphonates is 1-hydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphonate (HEDP) from of particular importance as a cobuilder. It is preferably used as the sodium salt the disodium salt being neutral and the tetrasodium salt being alkaline (pH 9). As Aminoalkane phosphonates preferably come from ethylenediaminetetramethylenephosphonate (EDTMP), diethylenetriaminepentamethylenephosphonate (DTPMP) and their higher Ho mologist in question. They are preferably in the form of the neutral sodium salts,  e.g. B. as the hexasodium salt of EDTMP or as the hepta- and octa-sodium salt of DTPMP, used. HEDP is preferred as a builder from the phosphonate class turns. The aminoalkanephosphonates also have a pronounced heavy metal bin de assets. Accordingly, it can, especially if the agent also ent bleach hold, be preferred to use aminoalkane phosphonates, in particular DTPMP, or To use mixtures of the phosphonates mentioned.

In addition, all compounds that are capable of complexing with alkaline earth train ions as cobuilders.

The amount of builder is usually between 10 and 70 wt .-%, preferably as between 15 and 60 wt .-% and in particular between 20 and 50 wt .-%. How therefore the amount of builders used depends on the intended use, so that Bleach tablets may have higher amounts of builders (for example between 20 and 70% by weight, preferably between 25 and 65% by weight and in particular re between 30 and 55 wt .-%), for example detergent tablets (usually 10 to 50 wt .-%, preferably 12.5 to 45 wt .-% and in particular between 17.5 and 37.5% by weight).

The detergent tablets according to the invention can be in the Compounds containing anionic surfactant also contain other anionic surfactants. Furthermore it is also possible to use nonionic, cationic and zwitterionic surfactants.

Preferred detergent tablets furthermore contain one or more Surfactant (s). Can in the detergent tablets according to the invention anionic, nonionic, cationic and / or amphoteric surfactants or Mi can be used from these. Are preferred from an application point of view Mixtures of anionic and nonionic surfactants. The total surfactant content of the In the case of detergent tablets, the shaped body is preferably 5 to 60% by weight, based on the weight of the shaped body, preference being given to surfactant contents above 15% by weight are. Detergent tablets for automatic dishwashing can contain tensides contain smaller amounts, for example less than 2 wt .-%.  

The nonionic surfactants used are preferably alkoxylated, advantageously ethoxylated, in particular primary alcohols having preferably 8 to 18 carbon atoms and on average 1 to 12 moles of ethylene oxide (EO) per mole of alcohol in which the alcohol residue is linear or preferably in the 2-position May be methyl-branched or may contain linear and methyl-branched radicals in the mixture, as are usually present in oxoalko radicals. In particular, however, alcohol ethoxylates with linear residues from alcohols of native origin with 12 to 18 carbon atoms, for. B. from coconut, palm, tallow or oleyl alcohol, and an average of 2 to 8 EO per mole of alcohol preferred. The preferred ethoxylated alcohols include, for example, C _12-14 alcohols with 3 EO or 4 EO, C _9-11 alcohol with 7 EO, C _13-15 alcohols with 3 EO, 5 EO, 7 EO or 8 EO, C _12-18 alcohols with 3 EO, 5 EO or 7 EO and mixtures thereof, such as mixtures of C _12-14 alcohol with 3 EO and C _12-18 alcohol with 5 EO. The degrees of ethoxylation given represent statistical averages, which can be an integer or a fraction for a specific product. Preferred alcohol ethoxylates have a narrow homolog distribution (narrow range ethoxylates, NRE). In addition to these nonionic surfactants, fatty alcohols with more than 12 EO can also be used. Examples include tallow fatty alcohol with 14 EO, 25 EO, 30 EO or 40 EO.

In addition, alkyl glycosides of the general formula RO (G) _x can also be used as further nonionic surfactants, in which R denotes a primary straight-chain or methyl-branched, in particular methyl-branched aliphatic radical having 8 to 22, preferably 12 to 18, carbon atoms and G is the symbol which stands for a glycose unit with 5 or 6 carbon atoms, preferably for glucose. The degree of oligomerization x, which indicates the distribution of monoglycosides and oligoglycosides, is any number between 1 and 10; x is preferably 1.2 to 1.4.

Another class of preferred nonionic surfactants, which are used either as allei some nonionic surfactant or in combination with other nonionic surfactants are used are alkoxylated, preferably ethoxylated or ethoxylated and pro poxylated fatty acid alkyl esters, preferably having 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain, especially fatty acid methyl ester.  

Also nonionic surfactants of the amine oxide type, for example N-cocoalkyl-N, N- dimethylamine oxide and N-tallow alkyl-N, N-dihydroxyethylamine oxide, and the fatty acid alka nolamides may be suitable. The amount of these nonionic surfactants is before preferably not more than that of the ethoxylated fatty alcohols, especially not more than half of it.

Other suitable surfactants are polyhydroxy fatty acid amides of the formula (III),

in the RCO stands for an aliphatic acyl radical with 6 to 22 carbon atoms, R ¹ for water, an alkyl or hydroxyalkyl radical with 1 to 4 carbon atoms and [Z] for a linear or branched polyhydroxyalkyl radical with 3 to 10 carbon atoms and 3 to 10 hydroxyl groups . The polyhydroxy fatty acid amides are known substances which can usually be obtained by reductive amination of a reducing sugar with ammonia, an alkylamine or an alkanolamine and subsequent acylation with a fatty acid, a fatty acid alkyl ester or a fatty acid chloride.

The group of polyhydroxy fatty acid amides also includes compounds of the formula (V)

in which R represents a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl radical having 7 to 12 carbon atoms, R ^{1 represents} a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl radical or an aryl radical having 2 to 8 carbon atoms and R ^{2 represents} a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl radical or represents an aryl radical or an oxy-alkyl radical having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, C _1-4 alkyl or phenyl radicals being preferred and [Z] representing a linear polyhydroxyalkylene radical whose alkyl chain is substituted by at least two hydroxyl groups, or alkoxylated, preferably ethoxylated or propoxylated derivatives of this residue.

[Z] is preferably obtained by reductive amination of a reduced sugar, for example glucose, fructose, maltose, lactose, galactose, mannose or xylose. The N-alkoxy or N-aryloxy substituted compounds can then be reacted with fatty acid methyl esters in the presence of an alkoxide as catalyst in the desired Polyhydroxy fatty acid amides are transferred.

In the context of the present invention, detergent tablets are shaped preferred which contain anionic (s) and nonionic (s) surfactant (s), application technical advantages from certain proportions in which the individual surfactant classes are used, can result. Washing and rice are particularly preferred Detergent tablets containing anionic (s) and / or nonionic (s) surfactant (s) and total surfactant contents above 2.5% by weight, preferably above 5% by weight and in particular above 10% by weight, in each case based on the shaped body important, exhibit.

For example, detergent tablets are particularly preferred which the ratio of anionic surfactant (s) to nonionic surfactant (s) between 10: 1 and 1:10 is preferably between 7.5: 1 and 1: 5 and in particular between 5: 1 and 1: 2. Before Also included are detergent tablets, the surfactant (s), preferably anionic (s) and / or nonionic (s) surfactant (s), in amounts of 5 to 40 wt .-% before preferably from 7.5 to 35% by weight, particularly preferably from 10 to 30% by weight and in particular special from 12.5 to 25 wt .-%, each based on the weight of the molded article.

From an application point of view, it can be advantageous if certain classes of surfactants in some phases of the detergent tablets or in their entirety body, d. H. in all phases, are not included. Another important embodiment  The present invention therefore provides that at least one phase of the shaped body is free of non-ionic surfactants.

Conversely, the content of individual phases or the entire form can also be used body, d. H. all phases, certain surfactants have a positive effect. The The introduction of the alkyl polyglycosides described above has been found to be advantageous have shown, so that detergent tablets are preferred, in which mind least one phase of the shaped body contains alkyl polyglycosides.

Similar to the nonionic surfactants can also be left out of anioni tensides from individual or all phases of detergent tablets result that are more suitable for certain areas of application. It is therefore in Also within the scope of the present invention are detergent tablets bar, in which at least one phase of the shaped body is free of anionic surfactants.

In addition to the ingredients mentioned surfactant, builder and disintegration aid and in addition to the compound contained in the moldings according to the invention, in the laundry detergent tablets according to the invention further substances from the Group of bleaching agents, bleach activators, enzymes, pH regulators, fragrances, perfume carriers, fluorescent agents, dyes, foam inhibitors, silicone oils, antiredepositions medium, optical brighteners, graying inhibitors, color transfer inhibitors and Corrosion inhibitors may be included.

In addition to the ingredients mentioned surfactant, builder and disintegration aid and in addition to the binder compound contained in the moldings according to the invention can further substances in the detergent tablets according to the invention fe from the group of bleaching agents, bleach activators, enzymes, pH regulators, fragrances, Perfume carriers, fluorescent agents, dyes, foam inhibitors, silicone oils, antiredeposi agents, optical brighteners, graying inhibitors, color transfer inhibitors and Corrosion inhibitors may be included.  

Among the compounds which serve as bleaching agents and supply H ₂ O ₂ in water, sodium perborate tetrahydrate and sodium perborate monohydrate are of particular importance. Other usable bleaching agents are, for example, sodium percarbonate, peroxypyrophosphates, citrate perhydrates and H ₂ O ₂ -supplying peracidic salts or peracids, such as per benzoates, peroxophthalates, diperazelaic acid, phthaloiminoperacid or diperdodecanedioic acid. Even when using the bleaching agents, it is possible to dispense with the use of surfactants and / or builders, so that pure bleach tablets can be produced. If such bleach tablets are to be used for washing textiles, a combination of sodium percarbonate with sodium sesquicarbonate is preferred, regardless of what other ingredients are contained in the moldings. If cleaning tablets or bleach tablets for machine dishwashing are manufactured, bleaching agents from the group of organic bleaching agents can also be used. Typical organic bleaches are the diacyl peroxides, such as. B. dibenzoyl peroxide. Other typical organic bleaching agents are the peroxy acids, examples of which include the alkyl peroxy acids and the aryl peroxy acids. Preferred representatives are (a) the peroxybenzoic acid and its ring-substituted derivatives, such as alkylperoxybenzoic acids, but also peroxy-α-naphthoic acid and magnesium monoperphthalate, (b) the aliphatic or substituted aliphatic peroxyacids, such as peroxylauric acid, per oxystearic acid, ε-phthalimidanoic acidoperoximinoxy acid (PAP)], o-carboxybenzamidoperoxycaproic acid, N-nonenylamidoperadipic acid and N-nonenylamidopersuccinate, and (c) aliphatic and araliphatic peroxydicarboxylic acids, such as 1,12-diperoxycarboxylic acid, 1,9-diperoxyazelaic acid, diperocysebacinic acid, diperoxylacidoxydiperoxyacid, -1,4-diacid, N, N-terephthaloyl-di (6-aminopercaproic acid) can be used.

Chlorine or. Can also be used as bleaching agents in moldings for automatic dishwashing Bromine-releasing substances are used. Among the appropriate chlorine or bromine releasing materials come for example heterocyclic N-bromine and N- Chloramides, for example trichloroisocyanuric acid, tribromoisocyanuric acid, Dibromo isocyanuric acid and / or dichloroisocyanuric acid (DICA) and / or their salts with Cations such as potassium and sodium are considered. Hydantoin compounds such as 1,3-dichloro-5,5- dimethylhydanthoin are also suitable.  

To be a better choice when washing or cleaning at temperatures of 60 ° C and below To achieve the greatest bleaching effect, bleach activators can be used in washing and cleaning moldings are incorporated. As bleach activators, compounds those under perhydrolysis conditions aliphatic peroxocarboxylic acids with preferably 1 up to 10 carbon atoms, in particular 2 to 4 carbon atoms, and / or optionally substituted Perbenzoic acid result, are used. Suitable substances are O- and / or N- Acyl groups of the number of carbon atoms mentioned and / or optionally substituted benzoyl carry groups. Multi-acylated alkylenediamines, in particular tetraa, are preferred cetylethylenediamine (TAED), acylated triazine derivatives, especially 1,5-diacetyl-2,4- dioxohexahydro-1,3,5-triazine (DADHT), acylated glycolurils, especially tetraacetyl glycoluril (TAGU), N-acylimides, especially N-nonanoylsuccinimide (NOSI), acylated Phenolsulfonates, especially n-nonanoyl or isononanoyloxybenzenesulfonate (n- or iso-NOBS), carboxylic anhydrides, especially phthalic anhydride, acylated more term alcohols, in particular triacetin, ethylene glycol diacetate and 2,5-diacetoxy-2,5- dihydrofuran.

In addition to the conventional bleach activators or in their place, too so-called bleaching catalysts can be incorporated into the moldings. With this stuff fen are bleach-enhancing transition metal salts or transition metal complexes such as Mn, Fe, Co, Ru or Mo salt complexes or -carbonyl complexes. Also Mn, Fe, Co, Ru, Mo, Ti, V and Cu complexes with N- containing tripod ligands and Co, Fe, Cu and Ru amine complexes are bleached catalysts can be used. Also bleach-boosting combinations of active ingredients that intimate mixing of a water-soluble salt of a divalent transition metal, selected from cobalt, iron, copper and ruthenium and their mixtures, one what ser soluble ammonium salt and optionally an oxidizing agent on Persauer fabric base and inert carrier material are available, can be within the scope of this use the present invention as bleaching catalysts.

Enzymes in particular come from the hydrolase classes such as the protea sen, esterases, lipases or lipolytically active enzymes, amylases, cellulases or other glycosyl hydrolases and mixtures of the enzymes mentioned in question. All this hy  drolasen wear in the laundry to remove stains such as protein, fat or starchy stains and graying. Cellulases and other glycosyl hy drolasen can also be removed by removing pilling and microfibrils Color preservation and increase the softness of the textile. For bleaching or Inhibition of color transfer can also be used oxidoreductases. Especially are particularly suitable from bacterial strains or fungi such as Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Streptomyceus griseus, Coprinus Cinereus and Humicola insolens as well their genetically modified variants obtained enzymatic active ingredients. Before Proteases of the subtilisin type and in particular proteases derived from Ba cillus lentus are used. There are enzyme mixtures, for example from protease and amylase or protease and lipase or lipolytic enzymes or protease and cellulase or from cellulase and lipase or lipolytically acting enes zymmen or from protease, amylase and lipase or lipolytic enzymes or Protease, lipase or lipolytically active enzymes and cellulase, but especially Protease and / or lipase-containing mixtures or mixtures with lipolytically active Enzymes of special interest. Examples of such lipolytic enzymes are the well-known cutinases. Peroxidases or oxidases have also been found in some Cases proved to be suitable. Suitable amylases include in particular alpha- Amylases, iso-amylases, pullulanases and pectinases. As cellulases are preferred as cellobiohydrolases, endoglucanases and glucosidases, which also cellobiases ge are called, or mixtures of these are used. Since different cellulase Distinguishing types by their CMCase and Avicelase activities can by ge targeted mixtures of the cellulases the desired activities can be set.

The enzymes can be adsorbed on carriers or embedded in coating substances in order to protect them against premature decomposition. The proportion of enzymes, enzyme mixtures or enzyme granules can, for example, about 0.1 to 5 wt .-%, preferably 0.5 to about 4.5% by weight.

The selection of the relevant enzymes also depends on the purpose of the inventions detergent tablets according to the invention. In detergent tablets for Machine dishwashing comes as enzymes, especially those from the class hydrolases such as proteases, esterases, lipases or lipolytically active enzymes,  Amylases, glycosyl hydrolases and mixtures of the enzymes mentioned in question. All these Hydrolases help remove stains such as protein, fat or starch stains. Oxidoreductases can also be used for bleaching. Bacterial strains or fungi such as Bacillus subtilis, Ba cillus licheniformis, Streptomyceus griseus, Coprinus Cinereus and Humicola insolens as well as enzymatic active ingredients obtained from their genetically modified variants fe. Proteases of the subtilisin type and in particular proteases which are preferred are obtained from Bacillus lentus. There are enzyme mixtures, at act from protease and amylase or protease and lipase or lipolytic the enzymes or from protease, amylase and lipase or lipolytically active enzymes or protease, lipase or lipolytic enzymes, but especially protease and / or lipase-containing mixtures or mixtures with lipolytically active enzyme men of particular interest. Examples of such lipolytic enzymes are the well-known cutinases. Peroxidases or oxidases have also been found in some cases proven suitable. Suitable amylases include in particular alpha-amylases, iso- Amylases, pullulanases and pectinases.

Even with detergent tablets, the enzymes can be adsorbed on or in carrier substances Envelope substances must be embedded to protect them against premature decomposition. The An Part of the enzymes, enzyme mixtures or enzyme granules can also be used here, for example about 0.1 to 5% by weight, preferably 0.5 to about 4.5% by weight.

Detergent tablets according to the invention for machine dishwashing contain corrosion inhibitors to protect the dishes or the machine, whereby especially silver protection agents in the area of automatic dishwashing Have meaning. The known substances of the prior art can be used. All Commonly, especially silver protection agents selected from the group of triazoles, the Benzotriazoles, the Bisbenzotriazole, the Aminotriazole, the Alkylaminotriazole and the Transition metal salts or complexes are used. Particularly preferred to ver are benzotriazole and / or alkylaminotriazole. One finds in cleaner form In addition, active chlorine-containing agents that corrode the silver surface are often can significantly reduce area. In chlorine-free cleaners, especially oxygen and nitrogen-containing organic redox-active compounds, such as divalent and trivalent  Phenols, e.g. As hydroquinone, pyrocatechol, hydroxyhydroquinone, gallic acid, phloro glucin, pyrogallol or derivatives of these classes of compounds. Also salt and complex find inorganic compounds such as salts of the metals Mn, Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Co and Ce frequent use. The transition metal salts which are selected are preferred here from the group of manganese and / or cobalt salts and / or complexes, especially before moves the cobalt (ammin) complexes, the cobalt (acetate) complexes, the cobalt (carbonyl) - Complexes, chlorides of cobalt or manganese and manganese sulfate. You can also Zinc compounds are used to prevent corrosion on the wash ware. In addition, the detergent tablets can also ent components hold, which positively influence the oil and fat washability from textiles (so-called called soil repellents). This effect is particularly evident when a textile is dirty is already several times with a detergent according to the invention, this Contains oil and fat-dissolving component, was washed. Among the preferred oil and fat-dissolving components include, for example, nonionic cellulose ethers such as methyl cellulose and methylhydroxy-propyl cellulose with a proportion of methoxyl groups from 15 to 30 wt .-% and of hydroxypropoxyl groups from 1 to 15 wt .-%, each bezo gene on the nonionic cellulose ether, as well as those known from the prior art Polymers of phthalic acid and / or terephthalic acid or their derivatives, in particular special polymers of ethylene terephthalates and / or polyethylene glycol terephthalates or anionically and / or nonionically modified derivatives of these. Especially be of these, the sulfonated derivatives of phthalic and terephthalic acids are preferred re-polymers.

The moldings can be derivatives of diaminostilbenedisulfonic acid as optical brighteners or their alkali metal salts. Are suitable for. B. Salts of 4,4'-bis (2-anilino-4- morpholino-1,3,5-triazinyl-6-amino) stilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid or the like Compounds which, instead of the morpholino group, a diethanolamino group, a Me wear thylamino group, an anilino group or a 2-methoxyethylamino group.

Brighteners of the substituted diphenylstyryl type may also be present, e.g. B. the alkali salts of 4,4'-bis (2-sulfostyryl) diphenyl, 4,4'-bis (4-chloro-3-sulfostyryl) -  diphenyls, or 4- (4-chlorostyryl) -4 '- (2-sulfostyryl) diphenyls. Mixtures of the pre named brighteners can be used.

Dyes and fragrances become the detergent and cleaning agent form according to the invention added to the body to improve the aesthetic impression of the products and the In addition to performance, consumers are visually and sensory "typical and unmistakable bares "product. As perfume oils or fragrances, individual Fragrance compounds, e.g. B. the synthetic products of the ester, ether, alde type hyde, ketones, alcohols and hydrocarbons can be used. Fragrance compounds gene of the ester type are e.g. B. benzyl acetate, phenoxyethyl isobutyrate, p-tert.- Butylcyclohexyl acetate, linalyl acetate, dimethylbenzylcarbinylacetate, phenylethyl acetate, Linalyl benzoate, benzyl formate, ethyl methylphenyl glycinate, allyl cyclohexyl propionate, Styrallyl propionate and benzyl salicylate. The ethers include, for example, benzylethyl ether, to the aldehydes z. B. the linear alkanals with 8-18 C atoms, Citral, Citronel lal, citronellyloxyacetaldehyde, cyclamenaldehyde, hydroxycitronellal, lilial and bourgeo nal, to the ketones z. B. the Jonone, α-isomethyl ionone and methyl cedryl ketone to the Alcohols anethole, citronellol, eugenol, geraniol, linalool, phenylethyl alcohol and ter pineol, the hydrocarbons mainly include terpenes such as limonene and Pinene. However, mixtures of different odoriferous substances are preferably used create an appealing fragrance together. Such perfume oils can also be natural che fragrance mixtures contain, as they are accessible from plant sources, for. B. Pine, citrus, jasmine, patchouly, rose or ylang-ylang oil. Are also suitable Muscatel, sage oil, chamomile oil, clove oil, lemon balm oil, mint oil, cinnamon leaf oil, linden flower oil, juniper berry oil, vetiver oil, olibanum oil, galbanum oil and labdanum oil as well Orange blossom oil, neroliol, orange peel oil and sandalwood oil.

The content of the detergent and cleaning agent form according to the invention is usually body of dyes below 0.01 wt .-%, while fragrances up to 2 wt .-% of the ge can make up the entire wording.

The fragrances can be incorporated directly into the agents according to the invention but can also be advantageous to apply the fragrances to the carrier, which increase the liability  of the perfume on the laundry and by a slower fragrance release for long-lasting fragrance of the textiles. As such carrier materials have been found for example, cyclodextrins have proven themselves, with the cyclodextrin-perfume complexes additionally can be coated with other auxiliaries.

In order to improve the aesthetic impression of the agents according to the invention, they can can be colored with suitable dyes. Preferred dyes, the selection of which Specialist poses no difficulty, has a high storage stability and is unstable sensitivity to the other ingredients of the agents and to light and none pronounced substantivity towards textile fibers so as not to stain them.

The production of washable and cleaning-active molded articles takes place by application pressure on a mixture to be pressed, which is located in the cavity of a press. In the simplest case of molded article production, the subsequent simplified tableting is called, the mixture to be tabletted directly, i. H. without previous gra nulation pressed. The advantages of this so-called direct tableting are its simple and cost-effective application, since no further process steps and consequently no further systems are required. But these advantages are also inferior share opposite. For example, a powder mixture that is to be tabletted directly must have one possess sufficient plastic deformability and have good flow properties, white Furthermore, it may not be used during storage, transport and filling of the die show all kinds of segregation tendencies. These three requirements are common to many sub punch mixes are extremely difficult to master, so that the direct tablet Not often, especially in the manufacture of detergent tablets is applied. The usual way to manufacture detergents Abletten is therefore based on powdery components ("primary particles") that pass through suitable processes agglomerated into secondary particles with a larger particle diameter or granulated. These granules or mixtures of different granules who which is then mixed with individual powdered additives and the tableting fed.  

The present invention therefore also relates to a method for producing Detergent tablets by molding a particle shaped premix, in which the premix one or more of the invention Contains compounds.

Multi-phase moldings can also be produced according to the invention, two layered shaped bodies represent the simplest embodiment of a multi-phase tablet put. The present invention therefore also relates to a method for the production of multi-phase detergent tablets by be known pressing of several particulate premixes, in which at least one of the Premixes contain one or more compounds according to the invention.

For preferred embodiments of the method according to the invention, reference can be made here to above statements are made: The same applies analogously to the invention ß Detergent tablets said. So z. B. preferred inventions Process according to the invention, characterized in that the content of the premix / Premixes of compound (s) 0.1 to 20% by weight, preferably 0.25 to 15% by weight, be particularly preferably 0.5 to 10% by weight and in particular 1 to 5% by weight, in each case based on the weight of the premix.

In preferred process variants, the compounds meet certain particle sizes criteria. Methods according to the invention are preferred in which the com (s) pound (s) an average particle size below 1000 microns, preferably below 850 µm and in particular below 700 µm. Here it is particularly be preferably if the compound (s) is free of particles with sizes above 1200 µm, preferably free of particles with sizes above 1000 μm and in particular free of particles with sizes above 900 µm.

Fine fractions are also from the compounds to be used according to the invention prior to Ver pressing has preferably been removed. Methods according to the invention are preferred here, which are characterized in that the compound (s) is free of particles with sizes  below 100 microns, preferably free of particles with sizes below 200 microns and in particular are free of particles with sizes below 300 µm.

Preferred detergent and cleaning agent form in the context of the present invention Bodies are obtained by compressing a particulate premix consisting of at least egg nem surfactant-containing granules and at least one subsequently mixed powder Component received. The production of the surfactant-containing granules can be done by usual technical granulation processes such as compacting, extrusion, mixer granules tion, pelleting or fluidized bed granulation. It is there for later Detergent tablets are advantageous if the pre-pressed material mix has a bulk density that comes close to the usual compact detergent. In particular, it is preferred that at least one particulate premix additionally Contains surfactant-containing granulate (s) and a bulk density of at least 500 g / l preferably has at least 600 g / l and in particular at least 700 g / l.

In preferred process variants, the granules containing surfactant are also sufficient particle size criteria. Methods according to the invention are preferred in which the surfactant-containing granules particle sizes between 100 and 2000 microns, preferably between between 200 and 1800 µm, particularly preferably between 400 and 1600 µm and in particular re between 600 and 1400 µm.

In addition to the active substances (anionic and / or nonionic and / or cationic and / or amphoteric surfactants), the surfactant granules preferably also contain a carrier fe, which particularly preferably come from the group of builders. Particularly advantageous adhesive processes are therefore characterized in that the surfactant-containing granules anioni contains and / or non-ionic surfactants and builders and total surfactant contents of at least 10% by weight, preferably at least 20% by weight and in particular min at least 25% by weight.

Before pressing the particulate premix into detergent and cleaning agent The premix can be shaped with finely divided surface treatment agents be "powdered". This can affect the nature and physical properties  of the premix (storage, pressing) as well as the finished washing and rice shaped detergent be advantageous. Fine powdering agents are in the stand well-known in the art, mostly zeolites, silicates or other inorganic salts be used. However, the premix is preferred with finely divided zeolite "powdered", with zeolites of the faujasite type being preferred. As part of the present Invention, the term "faujasite-type zeolite" denotes all three zeolites, which form the faujasite subgroup of zeolite structure group 4 (compare Donald W. Breck: "Zeolite Molecular Sieves", John Wiley & Sons, New York, London, Sydney, To ronto, 1974, page 92). In addition to the zeolite X, there are also zeolite Y and faujasite as well Mixtures of these compounds can be used, the pure zeolite X being preferred. Mixtures or cocrystallizates of zeolites of the faujasite type with other Zeo Lithen, which do not necessarily have to belong to the zeolite structure group 4, are used as an abpu dermittel can be used, it being advantageous if at least 50 wt .-% of Ab Powder consist of a zeolite of the faujasite type.

In the context of the present invention, detergent tablets are shaped preferred, which consist of a particulate premix, the granular compo contains and subsequently admixed powdery substances, the or one of the subsequently mixed powdered components a zeolite of the faujasite type with particle sizes below 100 µm, preferably below 10 µm and in particular is below 5 µm and is at least 0.2% by weight, preferably at least 0.5% by weight and makes up in particular more than 1% by weight of the premix to be pressed.

In addition to the ingredients mentioned, surfactant, builder and disintegration aid can the premixes to be pressed additionally include one or more substances from the group bleaching agents, bleach activators, disintegration aids, enzymes, pH adjusters, Fragrances, perfume carriers, fluorescent agents, dyes, foam inhibitors, silicone oils, Anti-redeposition agents, optical brighteners, graying inhibitors, color transfer inhibitors and corrosion inhibitors included. These substances have been described above ben.  

Another object of the present invention is also a method for the produc- tion of detergent tablets which comprises the steps

• a) Production of a compound from
  • a) 60 to 95% by weight of anionic surfactant (s),
  • b) 5 to 40% by weight of hydrotrope (s),
  • c) 0 to 35% by weight of carrier material (s),
• b) production of granules containing surfactants,
• c) Mixing the compound from step a) and the granulate from step b) with other ingredients of washing or cleaning agents,
• d) pressing the premix formed in step c) into shaped bodies or mold body areas

is marked.

When selecting the suitable machines and process parameters for the process Steps a) and b) can be carried out by those skilled in the art on machines and apparatuses known from the literature use procedural operations such as those used in W. Pietsch, "Size Enlargement by Agglomeration", Verlag Wiley, 1991, and the literature cited there are described. The following explanations represent only a small part of the Possibilities represent the expert for the implementation of the two steps of the inventions method according to the invention.

The compounds according to the invention can be prepared by known methods Granulation or shaping processes take place, the granulation being carried out in the mixer submitted solid components with the liquid components is preferred. This ver Driving variant of step a) is useful, for example, if you have a firm neutralization onsmittel submitted and the alkylbenzenesulfonic acid on the solid bed, which also the Hy contains drotrope there. If only solids are processed, as is the case with the processing of If alkylbenzenesulfonates are the case, there are processes such as roller compaction or pelleting (ring die presses).

The preparation of surfactant granules {corresponding to step b) of the invention Process} can be carried out in a variety of conventional mixing and granulating devices  to lead. Mi suitable for carrying out process step b) according to the invention Shearers are, for example, Eirich® mixers of the R or RV series (trademark of Ma schinenfabrik Gustav Eirich, Hardheim), the Schugi® Flexomix, the Fukae® FS-G-Mis 30760 00070 552 001000280000000200012000285913064900040 0002019950765 00004 30641cher (Trademark of Fukae Powtech, Kogyo Co., Japan), the Lödige® FM, KM and CB Mixer (trademark of Lödige Maschinenbau GmbH, Paderborn) or the Drais® Series T or K-T (trademark of Drais-Werke GmbH, Mannheim). Some preferred Embodiments of method step b) according to the invention are as follows described.

For example, it is possible and preferred that process step b) in a low step Mixer / granulator at peripheral speeds of the tools from 2 m / s to 7 m / s is carried out.

Alternatively, in preferred process variants, process step b) can be carried out in a high high-speed mixer / granulator at circumferential speeds of 8 m / s to 35 m / s be performed.

While the two process variants described above use each describe a mixer, it is also possible according to the invention to combine two mixers to combine. For example, processes are preferred in which in process step a) a liquid granulation aid in a first, low-speed Mi shear / granulator is placed on a moving solid bed, 40 to 100 wt .-%, based on the total amount of components used, the solid and liquid loading pre-granulated parts and the pre in a second, high-speed mixer / granulator Granules from the first stage of the process, optionally with the remaining solid and / or liquid constituents are mixed and converted into granules. With this procedure A granulation aid is used in the first mixer / granulator for a party Given bed of fabric and the mixture pre-granulated. The composition of the granules tion aid and the solid bed placed in the first mixer are so ge selects that 40 to 100 wt .-%, preferably 50 to 90 wt .-% and in particular 60 to 80 wt .-%, of the solid and liquid components, based on the total amount of one set components, are in the "pre-granules". This "pre-granulate" is now in the  second mixer mixed with other solids and with the addition of further liquid components granulated to the finished surfactant granulate.

According to the invention, the sequence of low-speed, high-speed mixers mentioned can can also be reversed, so that a method according to the invention results in which the liquid granulation aids in a first, high-speed mixer / granulator Moving solid bed is given, 40 to 100 wt .-%, based on the total amount of the components used, the solid and liquid components pre-granulated and in a second, low-speed mixer / granulator, the pre-granulate from the first Process stage with the remaining solid and / or liquid components if necessary is mixed and transferred into granules.

All of the above-described design variants of the Ver driving can be carried out batchwise or continuously. In the above described design variants of method step b) who the sometimes low-speed mixer / granulator used. It is part of the present invention particularly preferred that as a low-speed mixer, a mixer is used, which has both a mixing and a comminution device, the mixing shaft at speeds of 50 to 150 revolutions gen / minute, preferably from 60 to 80 revolutions / minute and the shaft of the comminution tion device at speeds of 500 to 5000 revolutions gen / minute, preferably from 1000 to 3000 revolutions / minute, is operated.

Preferred granulation processes for the production of mixer granules are described in Mi shear granulators performed where some mixer parts or the entire mixer are heated to temperatures that are at least 20 ° C above the temperature that have the substances to be granulated at the beginning of the granulation process. So will Granulated solids that were stored at 20 ° C and with this temperature in the Mi shear, it is preferred that some or all mixer parts at least one Have a temperature of 40 ° C. Overall, however, a temperature of 120 ° C for the Mixer parts or the entire mixer must not be exceeded. Are only parts of the Heated to the temperatures mentioned, these are preferably the mixers  walls or the mixer tools. The former can be heated by a jacket, the latter can be brought to the desired temperature by built-in heating elements.

It is further preferred in the production of granules containing surfactants in whole or in part heated mixers the use of non-aqueous granulation aids, esp special nonionic surfactants with a melting point in the range of 20 to 50 ° C exhibit. The bulk can be carried out by the described preferred granulation process Increase the weight of the surfactant granules, while at the same time undesirable caking on the wall on the mixer walls can be significantly reduced. The use of such herge provided surfactant granules in tablettable premixes leads to washing and cleaning moldings which differ from mixtures which are conventionally used provided granules contain, characterized by a further reduced disintegration time.

The production of surfactant granules {process step b)} can also be done by press agglomeration meration processes take place, the products often being referred to as press granules. They are produced {corresponding to step b) of the method according to the invention} by press agglomeration processes, preferably by extrusion, roller compaction or pelleting.

In all of the press agglomeration processes mentioned, the premix is under pressure and compressed and plasticized under the influence of shear forces, thereby homogenized and then discharged form-giving from the apparatus.

In a preferred embodiment of process step b) the premix preferably continuously a planetary roller extruder or a 2-shaft extruder or 2-screw extruder with co-rotating or counter-rotating screw guidance fed, the housing and the extruder pelletizing head to the predetermined Ex truding temperature may be heated. Under the shear of the extruder the premix will screw under pressure, which is preferably at least 25 bar, with extremely high throughputs depending on the apparatus used underneath, compressed, plasticized, in the form of fine strands through the perforated nozzles extruded plate in the extruder head and finally the extrudate using a rotating  Knife knife preferably to approximately spherical to cylindrical granules downsized. The hole diameter of the perforated nozzle plate and the strand cut length are matched to the selected granule size. In this embodiment it works the production of granules of an essentially uniformly predictable Particle size, the absolute particle sizes being the intended input sentence purpose can be adapted. Particle diameters are generally preferred as already described above. The length / diameter ratio In an important embodiment, the chipped off primary granules lie in the Range from about 1: 1 to about 3: 1. It is further preferred that the still plastic primary to supply granulate to a further shaping processing step; thereby on Raw extrudate edges rounded off, so that ultimately spherical to approximately spherical extrudate grains can be obtained. If desired you can use this Stage small amounts of dry powder, for example zeolite powder such as zeolite NaA Powder to be used. This shape can be found in standard rounding machines respectively. It should be ensured that only small amounts of fine are used in this stage grain proportion arise. Alternatively, extrusions / pressings can also be carried out in low pressure extruding, in the Kahl press or in the extruder.

As in the extrusion process, it is also in the other manufacturing processes prefers the resulting primary granules / compactate another form Ver to carry out work step, in particular to round off, so that ultimately spherical to approximately spherical (pearl-shaped) grains can be obtained.

In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, step b) the method according to the invention is carried out by means of roller compaction. Here, the premix for the pressed granulate is targeted between two smooth or with Wells of defined shape are metered in and between the two rollers Rolled out under pressure to a leaf-shaped compact, the so-called Schülpe rolls. The rollers exert a high line pressure on the premix and can do so can be additionally heated or cooled as required. When using smooth rollers you get smooth, unstructured cuffs, while using struktu structured rollers can be generated according to structured Schülpen, in which at  for example, certain forms of the later pressed granules can be specified. The Schülpenband is subsequently through a knock-off and crushing process in small broken pieces and can be processed into granules in this way, which is further remunerated by other known surface treatment methods, ins special can be brought into an approximately spherical shape.

In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, step b) the method according to the invention is carried out by means of pelleting. Here will the premix for the press granules is applied to a perforated surface and by means of of a pressure-producing body with plasticization through the holes. At übli Chen embodiments of pellet presses, the premix is compressed under pressure, plasticized, by means of a rotating roller in the form of fine strands through a perforated Pressed surface and finally with a chopping device to granules diminishes. Here are the most varied designs of the printing roller and perfo rated die conceivable. For example, flat perforated plates are also used such as concave or convex ring matrices through which the material can be attached by means of a or several pressure rollers is pressed through. The press rolls can with the plate devices can also be conical in shape, dies and press roller (s) can be used in the ring-shaped devices have the same or opposite direction of rotation. One to carry out the invent According to the method suitable apparatus is for example in the German Of DE 38 16 842 (Schlueter GmbH). The open in this writing Beard ring die press consists of a rotating press runners Ring die and at least one with its inner surface in operative connection Press roll, which the material supplied to the die space through the press channels into one Material discharge presses. Here, ring die and press roller can be driven in the same direction, where due to a reduced shear stress and thus a lower temperature increase of the front can be implemented as a mixture. Of course, pelleting with heating or coolable rollers are worked to a desired temperature of the pre to mix.

The moldings according to the invention are first produced by dry means Mixing of the components, which can be partially or completely pre-granulated, and on  concluding information, in particular pressing into tablets, with conventional che procedures can be used. For the production of the invention The pre-mix is molded in a so-called die between two stamps compacted into a solid compressed. This process, hereinafter referred to briefly as a tablet is divided into four sections: dosing, compression (elasti deformation), plastic deformation and ejection.

First, the premix is introduced into the die, the filling quantity and thus the weight and shape of the resulting molded body through the position of the lower one Stamp and the shape of the press tool can be determined. The constant dose tion even at high molding throughputs is preferably a volumetric Dosage of the premix reached. In the further course of tabletting, the Upper stamp the premix and continues to lower towards the lower stamp. At this compression, the particles of the premix are pressed closer together where at the void volume within the filling between the punches continuously decreases. From a certain position of the upper stamp (and thus from a certain pressure on the premix) begins the plastic deformation, in which the particles flow together and the molded body is formed. Depending on the physi properties of the premix, some of the premix particles are also broken down presses and the premix is sintered at even higher pressures. At increasing press speed, i.e. high throughput, the phase of elasti 's deformation is continuously shortened, so that the resulting molded body more or may have smaller cavities. In the last step of tableting the Finished molded articles are pressed out of the die by the lower punch and through subsequent transport devices transported away. At this point, it's just that Weight of the molded body finally determined, because the compacts due to physical Processes (stretching, crystallographic effects, cooling etc.) their shape and size can still change.

Tableting takes place in commercially available tablet presses, which are basically or double stamps can be equipped. In the latter case, not only the waiter stamp used to build up pressure, also the lower stamp moves during the Pressing process towards the upper punch, while the upper punch presses down. For  Small production quantities are preferably used with eccentric tablet presses which the one or more stamps are attached to an eccentric, which in turn on one Axis is mounted with a certain rotational speed. The movement of this Press ram is comparable to the way a conventional four-stroke engine works. The Ver pressing can be done with one upper and one lower stamp, but several can also be used re stamp on an eccentric disk, the number of die holes gen is expanded accordingly. The throughputs of eccentric presses vary depending on the type from a few hundred to a maximum of 3000 tablets per hour.

For larger throughputs, rotary tablet presses are selected, in which on a so-called called matrix table a larger number of matrices is arranged in a circle. The The number of matrices varies between 6 and 55, depending on the model, with larger matrices also are commercially available. Each die on the die table is a top and bottom stamp assigned, again the pressing pressure active only by the upper or lower stamp, but can also be built up by both stamps. The matrix table and the Stamps move around a common vertical axis, the stamp with the help of rail-like cam tracks during the circulation in the positions for Be filling, compression, plastic deformation and discharge. In the place len, where a particularly serious raising or lowering the stamp is necessary (filling, compacting, ejecting), these cam tracks are replaced by additional che low-pressure pieces, Nierderzugschienen and lifting tracks supported. The filling The matrix is developed via a rigidly arranged feed device, the so-called Filling shoe, which is connected to a reservoir for the premix. The press pressure on the premix is individual via the press paths for upper and lower punches adjustable, the pressure build-up by rolling the stamp shaft heads past ver adjustable pressure rollers happens.

Rotary presses can also use two filling shoes to increase throughput hen be, with only one semicircle to manufacture a tablet that must. Several fillers are used to produce two- and multi-layer moldings shoes arranged one behind the other without the slightly pressed first layer in front of the further filling is ejected. Appropriate litigation leads to this se also coated and dot tablets can be produced, which have an onion-shell-like structure  have, whereby in the case of the point tablets the top of the core or the core layers is not covered and therefore remains visible. Rotary tablet presses are also included Single or multiple tools can be equipped, so that, for example, an outer circle with 50 and an inner circle with 35 holes simultaneously used for pressing the. The throughputs of modern rotary tablet presses are over a million forms body per hour.

When tableting with rotary presses, it has proven to be advantageous to carry out tableting with the smallest possible fluctuations in the weight of the tablet. The fluctuations in hardness of the tablet can also be reduced in this way. Small fluctuations in weight can be achieved in the following ways:

• - Use of plastic inserts with small thickness tolerances
• - Low number of revolutions of the rotor
• - Big filling shoes
• - Matching the filler paddle speed to the speed of the rotor
• - Filling shoe with constant powder height
• - Decoupling of filling shoe and powder feed.

To reduce the build-up of stamps, all of them can be used in technology known non-stick coatings. Plastic coatings are particularly advantageous, Plastic inlays or plastic stamps. Rotating stamps also have an advantage proven, whereby the upper and lower stamps are rotatable if possible should. In the case of rotating stamps, a plastic insert is generally not required become. The stamp surfaces should be electropolished here.

It was also shown that long pressing times are advantageous. These can be printed rails, several pressure rollers or low rotor speeds. Since the Fluctuations in the hardness of the tablet are caused by the fluctuations in the pressing forces systems should be used that limit the pressing force. Here elasti cal stamps, pneumatic compensators or resilient elements in the force path be set. The pressure roller can also be designed to be resilient.  

Tableting machines suitable for the purposes of the present invention are, for example available from the companies Apparatebau Holzwarth GbR, Asperg, Wilhelm Fette GmbH, Schwarzenbek, Hofer GmbH, Weil, Horn & Noack Pharmatechnik GmbH, Worms, IMA Verpackungssysteme GmbH Viersen, KILIAN, Cologne, KOMAGE, Kell am See, KORSCH Pressen AG, Berlin, and Romaco GmbH, Worms. Other providers are, for example Dr. Herbert Pete, Vienna (AU), Mapag Maschinenbau AG, Bern (CH), BWI Manesty, Li verpool (GB), I. Holand Ltd., Nottingham (GB), Courtoy N.V., Halle (BE / LU) and Me diopharm Kamnik (SI). The hydraulic double is particularly suitable HPF 630 printing press from LAEIS, D. Tableting tools are, for example, from the company Adams Tablettierwerkzeuge, Dresden, Wilhelm Fett GmbH, Schwarzenbek, Klaus Hammer, Solingen, Herber & Söhne GmbH, Hamburg, Hofer GmbH, Weil, Horn & Noack, Pharmatechnik GmbH, Worms, Ritter Pharamatechnik GmbH, Hamburg, Romaco, GmbH, Worms and Notter Werkzeugbau, Tamm available. Other providers are e.g. B. the Senss AG, Reinach (CH) and Medicopharm, Kamnik (SI).

The moldings can ge in a predetermined spatial shape and a predetermined size be manufactured. Practically all sensibly manageable designs come as a spatial form tations, for example the training as a blackboard, the bars or bars shape, cubes, cuboids and corresponding room elements with flat side surfaces as well in particular cylindrical configurations with a circular or oval cross cut. This last embodiment covers the presentation form from the tablet to to compact cylinder pieces with a ratio of height to diameter above 1.

The portioned compacts can each be separate individual elements be formed, the predetermined dosage of washing and / or cleaning medium corresponds. However, it is also possible to form compacts that have a plurality connect such mass units in a compact, in particular by vorege bene predetermined breaking points the easy separability of portioned smaller units hen is. For the use of textile detergents in machines of the type common in Europe with horizontally arranged mechanics, the formation of the portioned compacts as  Tablets, in the shape of a cylinder or cuboid, with a diameter / height Ratio in the range of about 0.5: 2 to 2: 0.5 is preferred. Commercial hydrau Lik presses, eccentric presses or rotary presses are suitable devices in particular especially for the production of such compacts.

The spatial shape of another embodiment of the shaped body is in its dimensions the induction chamber of commercial household washing machines adapted so that the Shaped bodies can be metered directly into the induction chamber without a metering aid, where it dissolves during the induction process. Of course, there is also a stake the detergent tablets are easily possible via a dosing aid and within the present invention preferred.

Another preferred shaped body that can be produced has a plate or panel-like structure with alternating thick long and thin short segments, so that individual segments of this "bar" at the predetermined breaking points, the short thin Display segments, can be canceled and entered into the machine. This Principle of the "bar-shaped" shaped detergent can also in other geometri forms, for example vertical triangles that only on one of their Sides are connected alongside one another, can be realized.

But it is also possible that the various components do not become one Tablet are pressed, but that molded bodies are obtained that have several layers ten, i.e. at least two layers. It is also possible that these ver different layers have different dissolving speeds. From this you can advantageous application properties of the molded articles result. If at for example, components are contained in the moldings, which are mutually nega tiv influence, so it is possible to find a component in the more rapidly soluble layer to integrate and incorporate the other component in a slower soluble layer ten, so that the first component has already reacted when the second goes into solution. The layer structure of the moldings can be stacked, with one solder process of the inner layer (s) at the edges of the molded body already takes place, if the outer layers are not yet completely detached, it can also be one  complete coating of the inner layer (s) by the outer layer (s) Layer (s) can be reached, which prevents the premature dissolution of Be components of the inner layer (s).

In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, a molded body consists of at least three layers, ie two outer and at least one inner layer, wherein at least one of the inner layers contains a peroxy bleach, while in the case of the stacked shaped body, the two outer layers and in the case of the shell-shaped one Shaped bodies, however, the outermost layers are free of peroxy bleach. Farther it is also possible to use peroxy bleach and any bleach activators present and / or to separate enzymes spatially from one another in a shaped body. Such more Layered moldings have the advantage that they do not have only one induction chamber or via a metering device which is added to the wash liquor can be; rather, it is also possible in such cases to direct the molded body into the machine without causing stains Bleach and the like would be feared.

Similar effects can also be achieved by coating individual components of the detergent and cleaning agent composition to be pressed, or all of them Reach shaped body. For this purpose, the bodies to be coated can be coated with, for example aqueous solutions or emulsions are sprayed, or via the process of Get a coating on the melt coating.

After pressing, the detergent tablets have a high level of stability. The breaking strength of cylindrical shaped bodies can be determined via the measured variable of the diametrical breaking load. This can be determined according to

Here σ stands for diametral fracture stress (DFS) in Pa, P is the force in N which leads to the pressure exerted on the molded body, which is the  Breakage of the shaped body causes, D is the shaped body diameter in meters and t is the Height of the molded body.

Another object of the present invention is the use of compounds from

• a) 60 to 95% by weight of anionic surfactant (s),
• b) 5 to 40% by weight of hydrotrope (s),
• c) 0 to 35% by weight of carrier material (s),

to improve the abrasion resistance of detergent tablets. This inventive use of the compounds mentioned leads to moldings advantageous properties, as the examples below show. Regarding before preferred embodiments of the use according to the invention (particle sizes, further Ingredients, composition of the premix, etc.) applies analogously to the above Method according to the invention said.  

Examples

By granulation in a 130-liter ploughshare mixer from Lödige, a th granules containing sid (composition see table 1), which is the basis for pressing capable premixes served. Following the granulation, the granules were in a Fluid bed apparatus from Glatt at a supply air temperature of 60 ° C above a Dried for 30 minutes. After drying, fine particles became <0.4 mm and coarse particles <1.6 mm sieved.

The surfactant granules were then mixed with other components to form compressible premixes processed, after which the pressing into tablets (through knife: 44 mm, weight: 37.5 g). The premixes E1 and E2 contained 1 or 2% by weight of an ABS toluenesulfonate compound, the combination of which table 2 is given. The sieve numbers of the compound are in Table 3 reproduced.

During the compression to form bodies, the compression pressure was set so that four Series of moldings (weight: 37.5 g, diameter: 44 mm) were obtained, which differentiated in their hardness. For the tablet series with the lowest hardness, the Abrasion determined, since here the problem of abrasion stability is naturally the greatest. The Composition of the premixes to be pressed (and thus the shaped body) shows Table 4.

Table 1

Composition of the surfactant granules [% by weight]

Table 2

Composition of the ABS toluenesulfonate compound [% by weight]

Table 3

Sieving numbers of the ABS toluenesulfonate compound [% by weight]

Table 4

Composition of the premixes [% by weight]

The hardness of the tablets became after two days of storage by deforming the tablet measured to break, the force acting on the side surfaces of the tablet and the maximum force that the tablet withstood was determined.

To determine tablet disintegration, the tablet was placed in a beaker with water placed (600 ml of water, temperature 30 ° C) and the time until the tablet is completely case measured.

The abrasion stability was determined by placing a tablet on a Ma width of 1.6 mm. This sieve was then Analytical sieve machine used. The tablet was screened for 2 minutes mechanically stressed to an amplitude of 2 mm. By weighing the tablet and the abrasion can be determined directly after the stress. The experimental Data is shown in Table 5:

Table 5

Detergent tablets [physical data]

By using the compounds according to the invention, the disintegration time of the washing medium tablets slightly reduced, while abrasion is significantly minimized.

Claims (28)

1. Compound containing

• 1. 60 to 95% by weight of anionic surfactant (s),
• 2. 5 to 40% by weight of hydrotrope (s),
• 3. 0 to 35% by weight of carrier material (s),

each based on the weight of the additive. 2. Compound according to claim 1, characterized in that it is based on its Ge important 65 to 90 wt .-%, preferably 70 to 85 wt .-% and in particular 75 to Contains 80 wt .-% anionic surfactant (s). 3. Compound according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that it as Anion surfactant (s) one or more surfactants from the groups of fatty alcohol sulfates, the Alkylbenzenesulfonate and / or the soaps contains. 4. Compound according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it contains the alkali metal, preferably the sodium salts, of C _9-13 - alkylbenzenesulfonic acids as anionic surfactant. 5. Compound according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it is related on its weight 6 to 35 wt .-%, preferably 7.5 to 30 wt .-%, especially before contains 10 to 25 and in particular 12.5 to 20% by weight of hydrotrope (s). 6. Compound according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it is a hydro-drip aromatic sulfonate of the formula I.
contains, in which each of the radicals R ₁ , R ₂ , R ₃ , R ₄ , R _{5 is} independently selected from H or a C _1-5 alkyl or alkenyl radical and X is a cation. 7. Compound according to claim 6, characterized in that it is based on its weight Ge 6 to 35 wt .-%, preferably 7.5 to 30 wt .-%, particularly preferably 10 to 25 and in particular 12.5 to 20 wt. -% sodium para-toluenesulfonate (R ³ = CH ₃ , R ¹ = R ² = R ⁴ = R ⁵ = H, X = Na) contains. 8. Compound according to claim 6, characterized in that it is based on its Ge weight 6 to 35 wt .-%, preferably 7.5 to 30 wt .-%, particularly preferably 10 to 25 and in particular 12.5 to 20 wt. % Sodium para-cumene sulfonate (R ³ = -CH (CH ₃ ) ₂ , R ¹ = R ² = R ⁴ = R ⁵ = H, X = Na). 9. Compound according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it as a Hy drotropically one or more mono-, di-, tri- or oligocarboxylic acids and / or their sal ze with particular preference for fumaric acid, L (+) - ascorbic acid, L (-) - Malic acid, maleic acid, malonic acid, DL-malic acid, citric acid and their alkali salt, contains. 10. Compound according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it as a Hy drotropic one or more sugars, with particular preference for lactose, L (-) - Sorbose, D (+) - galactose, D (+) - glucose, sucrose, D (+) - mannose, melibiose, D (-) - Fructose. 11. Compound according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it as a Hy drotropically contains one or more covalent compounds that are water soluble of more than 200 g per liter of water at 20 ° C, preferably of more than 400 g per Liters of water at 20 ° C and especially more than 700 g per liter of water at 20 ° C have, with urea and N-methylacetamide are particularly preferred.   12. Compound according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that related its weight 1 to 30 wt .-%, preferably 2.5 to 20 wt .-%, especially before contains 4 to 15 and in particular 5 to 10% by weight of carrier material (s). 13. Compound according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that it as Carrier material one or more substances from the group sodium sulfate, sodium car bonat, sodium bicarbonate, and / or the groups of sodium silicates and Contains zeolites. 14. Detergent tablets made from compressed, particulate detergent or cleaning agents, characterized in that they are a compound according to one of the Claims 1 to 13 included. 15. shaped detergent or cleaning product according to claim 14, characterized in that the compound in amounts of 0.1 to 20 wt .-%, preferably from 0.25 to 15% by weight, particularly preferably from 0.5 to 10% by weight and in particular from 1 to 5 wt .-%, each based on the weight of the molded body. 16. Detergent tablets according to one of claims 14 or 15, there characterized in that they additionally contain a disintegration aid, preferably a disintegration aid based on cellulose, preferably in granular, cogranu gated or compacted form, in amounts of 0.5 to 10 wt .-%, preferably of 3 to 7 wt .-% and in particular from 4 to 6 wt .-%, each based on the shape body weight, included. 17. Detergent tablets according to one of claims 14 to 16, there characterized in that they contain surfactant (s), preferably anionic (s) and / or nonio niche surfactant (s), in amounts from 5 to 40% by weight, preferably from 7.5 to 35% by weight, particularly preferably from 10 to 30% by weight and in particular from 12.5 to 25 wt .-%, each based on the weight of the molded body.   18. Process for the production of detergent tablets by form giving a particulate premix, characterized in that that the premix one or more compounds according to one of claims 1 to 13 contains. 19. Process for the production of multi-phase detergent tablets by pressing several particulate premixes known per se, thereby characterized in that at least one of the premixes contains one or more compounds according to one of claims 1 to 13. 20. The method according to any one of claims 18 or 19, characterized in that the Content of the premix / premixes of compound (s) 0.1 to 20% by weight preferably 0.25 to 15% by weight, particularly preferably 0.5 to 10% by weight and in particular whose 1 to 5 wt .-%, each based on the weight of the premix. 21. The method according to any one of claims 18 to 20, characterized in that the Compound (s) an average particle size below 1000 microns, preferably below half of 850 microns and especially below 700 microns. 22. The method according to claim 21, characterized in that the compound (s) free of particles with sizes above 1200 microns, preferably free of particles with Sizes above 1000 µm and in particular free of particles with sizes above are half of 900 µm. 23. The method according to any one of claims 21 or 22, characterized in that the Compound (s) free of particles with sizes below 100 microns, preferably free of particles with sizes below 200 µm and in particular free of particles with sizes below 300 µm. 24. The method according to any one of claims 18 to 23, characterized in that mind at least one particulate premix additionally contains granulate (s) containing surfactant  and a bulk density of at least 500 g / l, preferably at least 600 g / l and in particular has at least 700 g / l. 25. The method according to claim 24, characterized in that the surfactant-containing granules Particle sizes between 100 and 2000 μm, preferably between 200 and 1800 μm, particularly preferably between 400 and 1600 μm and in particular between 600 and 1400 µm. 26. The method according to any one of claims 18 to 25, characterized in that mind least a particulate premix additionally one or more substances from the Group of bleaching agents, bleach activators, disintegration aids, enzymes, pH Setting agents, fragrances, perfume carriers, fluorescent agents, dyes, foam inhibitors ren, silicone oils, anti-redeposition agents, optical brighteners, graying inhibitors, Contains color transfer inhibitors and corrosion inhibitors. 27. Procedure for the production of detergent tablets, characterized by the steps

• a) Production of a compound from
  • a) 60 to 95% by weight of anionic surfactant (s),
  • b) 5 to 40% by weight of hydrotrope (s),
  • c) 0 to 35% by weight of carrier material (s),
• b) production of granules containing surfactants,
• c) mixing the compound from step a) and the granulate from step b) with further ingredients of washing or cleaning agents,
• d) pressing the premix formed in step c) into shaped bodies or shaped body regions.

28. Use of compounds

• a) 60 to 95% by weight of anionic surfactant (s),
• b) 5 to 40% by weight of hydrotrope (s),
• c) 0 to 35% by weight of carrier material (s),

to improve the abrasion resistance of detergent tablets.