DE1928268A1 - Base plate for residential houses without a basement as well as process for the production of the base plate - Google Patents

Description

. . . Düsseldorf, June 2, 1969

- «AKTIEBOLAGET svenska icopalfabriken, 1928268

Skeppsbron 11, 211 20 MALMÖ ,

Sweden.

BASE PLATE FOR HOUSES WITHOUT A BASEMENT AND PROCEDURES FOR

PRODUCTION OF THE BASE PLATE,

The aim of the invention is not to build

To largely simplify residential buildings with a basement, whereby the simplification should be carried out as far as this with regard to the usual requirements for the heat and moisture insulation of the base plate of the house without a basement is possible. The invention In other words, despite an extensive simplification, the aim is a base plate for To create residential buildings without a basement.

The base plate according to the invention is for this purpose characterized in that it rests on a soil from which only the humus layer has been removed and which is leveled and possibly also is compacted, and that it includes the following components: one of the extension of the outer walls of the future house in one The foundation wall following the level and serving as a base for the outer walls from side by side on the floor, the same height such as prefabricated heat and moisture insulation blocks with the foundation wall, one laid out within this foundation wall directly on the soil that has only been freed from the humus layer and leveled Heat and moisture insulating layer made from grains of fired expanded clay, and a heat * and moisture insulating layer on top using the foundation wall as a formwork side wall in situ concreted and thereby connected to the foundation wall to form a unit

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and this reinforcing layer of reinforced concrete, which serves as a direct underlay for the flooring of the house. The invention Base plate for houses without a basement is only achieved if all these characteristics are met at the same time.

The invention is described in more detail below with reference to the drawing, which shows an embodiment of the in Fig. 1-5 Invention and in Fig. 6 another embodiment of the invention illustrated. On the drawing represent

Fig. 1 shows one for the longitudinal direction of the foundation wall

vertical cross-section of one of the heat and moisture insulation blocks forming the foundation wall.

Fig. 2 is a section along the line II-II in

Fig. 1 through some of the side by side for building the foundation wall provided blocks.

Fig. 3 is a vertical cross section through the

Foundation wall and adjoining parts of the base plate of the house as well as the tools for building the foundation wall and its support during the manufacture of the base plate.

Fig. 4 is a perspective image of a part

the foundation wall and adjacent parts of the base plate of the house as well as the aids for building the foundation wall and their support during those remaining after the foundation wall has been built Work to manufacture the base plate.

Figure 5 is a fragmentary vertical section through the finished base of the house.

The nature of the base plate according to the invention is based on the following description of the method Production. The first moment in this production is the prefabrication of the heat and moisture insulation blocks 1 from which the foundation wall is being built. As can be seen from the designation chosen for these blocks, the blocks should have a significantly higher, Combined heat and moisture insulation properties have as building blocks made of reinforced concrete and also made of conventional lightweight concrete. With So-called light clinker concrete blocks are considered to be costly and the requirements placed on heat and moisture insulation particularly advantageous for the purpose of the invention. Light clinkers are primarily grains or broken pieces of fired Expanded clay, for example the building material known commercially under the registered trademark "LECA". Such grains are made from selected Clay is produced that has been fired in the D'rehofen with the addition of organic material until sintering begins

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1 9? 8th ? R fi <

• and as a result of the addition of the organic before firing Material and burning in a rotary kiln has a vesicular structure as opposed to a porous structure. It is known that this building material has excellent thermal insulation properties, and that its heat insulation capacity is relatively little impaired by moisture. In addition, he leans comparatively little to absorb and conduct moisture. We also know of light clinker concrete with "LECA" light clinker as aggregate, that it has highly excellent moisture and heat insulation properties owned by "LECA".

If you according to the present invention a

A residential building without a basement can be built without neglect The excavation work is based on the requirements for good heat and moisture insulation of the house from the ground the removal of the humus layer (often to a depth of only a few decimeters) of the soil under the future house and its nearest one Restrict the environment. A deeper removal for the usual capillary-breaking gravel layers or excavation to a frost-free depth so is not required. The soil freed from the humus layer is then leveled by leveling out differences in height, whereby one if necessary, compact the soil and, if necessary, the lower ones Can fill in positions.

In the embodiment shown in Figs. 1-5

wooden bars 2 are laid on the ground, which has been freed from the humus layer and leveled _s, which are intended to serve as support battens when the heat and moisture-insulating light clinker concrete blocks 1 that form the foundation wall are erected. These support battens are laid outside and along the outer outline of the ground plane of the future house and are expediently fixed by means of pegs, ie hook-shaped nails that are hammered into the ground, as can be seen ^{from FIG. 2 I.}

The prefabricated light clinker concrete blocks 1

have in the embodiment shown in Fig. 1-5 an upwardly open U-shaped channel in their surface. The blocks 1 are set up with the channel pointing upwards along the wooden bars 2 so that they rest against their sides. In this manner is created thus extending to the whole length of the base wall, upwardly open channel 3. The successively established blocks 1 are supported on the outer side also of tubular supports ¹ J, secured with its one leg on the bars. 2 and with its other., leg against the outside of the .Grundmauer, blocks 1

9 09 8 51 IV? - ^ ■

are set. As can be seen from Fig. 4, the RöhtWlgfi ° 4 are adjustably supported by wooden wedges 5 'and are expediently provided with welded angle irons 6, 7 at the ends of their legs ₉ of which the irons 6 are provided with holes for provisional nailing to the bolt 2.

After all the blocks 1 required for the foundation wall have been set up, it is spread on the ground within the foundation wall a heat and moisture insulating layer 8 made of grains of fired expanded clay, expediently "LECA" grains. These grains expediently have a - "· Grain size from 8-16 mm. The grains of fired expanded clay can be loosely spread out within the foundation wall. However, it is also possible, the heat and moisture insulating layer 8 as to carry out a bonded layer of grains of calcined expanded clay. In the latter case, it is made of fired expanded clay Grains only apply a binding agent, for example a cement paste or possibly a bitumenous binding agent, so that the communicating Channels between the individual grains are not clogged by the binder. The heat and moisture insulating The layer can expediently be slightly compacted when it is spread out.

This heat and moisture insulating layer is then used as a direct underlay for the floor covering Serving layer of reinforced concrete concreted, the foundation wall consisting of blocks 1 being used as formwork side walls. Through this the concrete layer 9 is connected to the foundation wall so that the wall is reinforced. When concreting is in the area at the Particularly careful vibration is appropriate for the foundation wall.

Before concreting the concrete layer 9 one has

in the embodiment according to FIGS. 1-5 serving as longitudinal reinforcement Steel inserts 10 attached in the upwardly open channel 3 of the foundation wall. In addition, steel inserts 11 are attached, which are preferably in the form of brackets reaching around the longitudinal reinforcement 10 and extend through the joints between the blocks 1 into the space for the concrete layer 9. This means that during the Concreting the layer 9 these steel layers 11 concreted into the layer. Before or at the same time as layer 9 is concreted or after that, concrete 12 is poured into the channel 3 for setting in concrete the steel inserts 10, 11 introduced into the foundation wall. As a result, the foundation wall is supported by the joints between the blocks 1: attached steel inserts 11 firmly anchored in the concrete layer 9 .:

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OHIGJNAL INSPECTED

After the concrete has set or hardened, the The aids used to support the foundation wall were removed can then be used for building a new house.

As can be seen from Fig. 5, you can after

Setting of the concrete use the foundation wall formed from the blocks 1 as a base for the outer walls of the house. Left in Fig. 5 a to the base wall with the interposition of insulating board 17 erected outer wall made of prefabricated concrete elements 13 is thus shown, while on the right in Fig. 5 is an outer wall is shown, which consists of an inner, a heat insulation 1H containing boltwork 15 and an outer clothing 16 consists of facade brick. This outer wall is also placed on the foundation wall with an intermediate layer of insulating cardboard. The base plate according to the invention is not only suitable for single-storey houses, but can also be used for multi-storey houses. ~~

The heat and moisture insulating layer

8 and the concrete layer 9 applied in situ must be sufficient Have load-bearing capacity in order to be able to carry the intermediate walls, which are usually designed as lightweight walls, in the house. Fig. 5 also shows the connection of the concrete layer 9 as a direct base for a floor covering 18 made of parquet, linoleum, asbestos-polyvinyl chloride panels or the like.

In the embodiment of the invention described above in connection with FIGS. 1-5, for fixation and support the prefabricated heat and moisture insulation blocks that form the foundation wall During the concreting of the reinforced concrete layer in situ, stirrups and transoms were used. In this embodiment According to the invention, there is also a longitudinal insertion into the foundation wall forming blocks and this longitudinal reinforcement with the help of Ironing connected to the reinforced concrete layer.

However, the production of the base plate of the residential building with no basement can be simplified even further by the longitudinal reinforcement and the stirrups as well as the supporting structures can be dispensed with if the base plate according to the The following description of the embodiment of the invention shown in FIG. 6 forms and manufactures.

As can be seen from Fig. 6 ″, the base plate

prefabricated heat and moisture insulating blocks 1, which preferably consist of light clinker concrete blocks. Within block 1 there is only one part. Freed from the humus layer, leveled and possibly also compacted soil, resting warmth and ... ^ ~ „~ >. ,, n- ^. 909851/1270

Moisture insulation layer 8 made from grains of fired expanded clay and one of these heat and fire resistance insulating layer 8 below Utilization of the blocks 1 as formwork exten wall applied in situ and reinforced concrete layer 9 which is thereby connected to the foundation wall to form a unit and reinforces it. From that shown in FIGS. 1-5 Embodiment of the invention differs from that shown in Fig. Illustrated embodiment in that at least the final leveling of the soil freed from the humus layer in the area the expansion of the future foundation wall by placing a thin layer of cement or concrete on the floor as a level base for the prefabricated heat and moisture insulation blocks 1 has spread. In order to be able to fully utilize this cement or concrete layer 20, the prefabricated blocks 1 are preferred to place on layer 20 while it is still wet and to bind against the heat and moisture insulating blocks capable of uniting with the blocks as they set and solidify to become.

Even better support and anchoring

the prefabricated blocks that form the foundation wall are reached, if, as shown in FIG. 6, a strip 21 is provided extending along the foundation wall and protruding a short distance from it, which forms an integral part with the layer 20. This bar is to be attached at least to the outside of the foundation wall, but is preferably attached to both sides of the wall, as shown in the drawing. In certain cases, especially when If the foundation wall is exposed to a heavy load, it is advantageous from the point of view of strength to place 21 in this strip to provide one or more longitudinal steel inserts. This reinforcement can also be used to absorb temperature stresses from the Serve outer wall. After the cement layer 20 and the strip or strips 21 have set, the spreading of the begins Grains of fired expanded clay existing heat and moisture insulating layer 8, after which the reinforced concrete layer 9 using the foundation wall is concreted as a formwork side wall. To this

the best possible association between the prefabricated blocks co
ο and the reinforced concrete layer 9, the concrete is at least in

Carefully vibrate the area next to the foundation wall so that the concrete penetrates into the prefabricated blocks 1 and thereby not only a chemical bandage, but also a mechanical bandage ro between these and the reinforced concrete layer 9 is achieved. To the

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Contact surface between the reinforced concrete layer 9 and the prefabricated To enlarge blocks 1, blocks 1 are preferably designed in the manner shown in Fig. 6, i.e. those facing each other Front surfaces of the prefabricated heat and moisture insulation blocks are to be beveled at the edge facing the reinforced concrete layer 9. If the strips 21 are reinforced, then this reinforcement carries helps to transfer loads to the concrete base plate.

The strips 21 should preferably be iJO-100 mm

protrude from the foundation wall and extend up on this, whereby 70 mm are preferred for both of these dimensions.

If the baseplate is not a basement

Residential house carried out according to the embodiment shown in FIG is created between the reinforced concrete layer 9 and the prefabricated blocks 1 such a strong bond that the foundation wall as integral part of the reinforced concrete layer can be viewed, so that the house in the solidification of the soil in all parts almost the same. As a result of this strong bond between the blocks 1 and the reinforced concrete layer 9 you can use the heat-insulating Load the foundation wall with 3 t / linear meter because of the breaking strength is usually 6-9 t / linear meter. The load of 3 t / linear meter corresponds roughly to the load caused by a non-load bearing Wall in a six story house.

In order to illustrate how far the simplification can be carried out by the present invention, it should be mentioned that a base plate intended for a house without a basement and with the external dimensions 10 60 m can be completed in 8-10 days if the base plate according to Fig. 6 is formed, whereas it takes about 3 weeks to complete a conventionally designed base plate. When producing a base plate designed according to FIG. 6 with the dimensions mentioned above, the time required for the various working moments is as follows: removal of the humus layer and coarse leveling, 2 days; Fine leveling with cement or concrete mortar ₃ Installation of prefabricated light clinker blocks and attachment of strips made of cement or concrete mortar, 2 days; Spreading the heat and moisture insulating layer consisting of grains of fired expanded clay within the foundation wall (material expenditure approx. 60 nr grains of fired expanded clay), 1 day; Attachment of reinforcement (eg mesh reinforcement) for the reinforced concrete layer concreted in situ about 1-1.5 days; Concreting the reinforced concrete layer and grinding it in order to lay a floor directly on the concrete layer enables

lichenj 2 days. When executing a manufactured according to FIG

The base plate can actually do the base plate for a single house of 135 m can be completed in about 8 working hours, after setting up the prefabricated blocks and attaching the Allow a break overnight to allow the setting Allow cement or concrete layer so that the pre-fabricated heat and moisture insulation blocks are anchored by this layer before the rest of the work is carried out.

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Claims (1)

P A T E N T A-N S P R U C Ii E Base plate for houses without a basement, characterized in that it rests on a floor of which only the humus layer has been removed and which is leveled and possibly also compacted, and that it includes the following components: a foundation wall following the expansion of the outer walls of the future house and serving as a base for the outer walls of prefabricated heat and moisture insulation blocks placed next to each other on the floor, the same height as the foundation wall (1), one laid out within this foundation wall directly on the ground that has only been freed from the humus layer and leveled Heat and moisture insulating layer (8) made from grains of fired expanded clay, and one on top of this heat and moisture insulating layer (8) Concreted in situ using the foundation wall as a formwork side wall and thereby connected to the foundation wall to form a unit and this reinforcing layer (9) made of reinforced concrete, which serves as a direct underlay for the flooring of the house. 2. Base plate according to claim 1, characterized characterized in that the prefabricated heat and moisture insulation blocks (1) Light clinker concrete blocks are * 3 »base plate according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the prefabricated heat and moisture insulation blocks are U-shaped at right angles to the longitudinal direction of the foundation wall and in which from the U formed channel (3) in concrete (12) concreted longitudinal reinforcement (10) in the foundation wall as well as in their joints on the in situ concreted and with the warmth and depth blocks to one Unit-connected steel concrete layer (9) by means of reinforcement elements concreted in both in this and in the concrete (12) in the channel (3) are anchored> Preferably in the form of the longitudinal reinforcement (19) the bracket (H) * engaging the foundation wall 4 »Base plate according to one of the patent claims 1-3, marked j that the prefabricated heat and Moisture insulating blocks (1) made of a thin cement or ο Concrete layer existing leveling (2Ö) deö rest from the humus layer m freed soil * ^ B * base plate according to claim * J, thereby ^ marked j that the prefabricated heat and moisture Nj blocks (1) are connected to the cement »or concrete layer (2) , ■ -4 - ■ - 6. Base plate according to claim ¹ I or 5, characterized in that the leveling (20) consisting of the cement or concrete layer is a short distance outside the Foundation wall (1) extends and one extends along the outside of the foundation wall and preferably also along its inside short piece on this high-extending bar (21) forms. 7. Base plate according to claim 6, characterized characterized in that in the bar (21) one or more 'longitudinally extending Reinforcing bars are inserted. . 8. Base plate according to one of the claims 1-7, characterized in that the prefabricated heat and moisture insulation blocks (1) on their facing end faces are beveled at the edge facing the reinforced concrete layer (9). ψ 9. Procedure for completing the base plate according to one of claims 1-8, characterized in that after removing only the humus layer and leveling and if necessary * also compacting of the floor under the future house and its immediate surroundings on the floor one level following the extension of the outer walls of the future house and these walls as a base Serving foundation wall of prefabricated * prefabricated ones placed side by side on the leveled ground and having the same height as the foundation wall Heat and moisture insulation blocks (l) are placed j which are aligned and fixed, after which a heat and moisture insulating layer consisting of grains of fired expanded clay (8) is laid directly on the soil that has only been freed from the humus layer and leveled within this foundation wall, and that "on this heat and moisture insulation layer (8) utilizing it the foundation wall as the side wall of the formwork is a unit that merges with the foundation wall, the floor covering of the House as a direct base layer, made of reinforced concrete is concreted in situ » 10. The method according to claim 9, characterized characterized in that at least the final leveling of the soil freed from the humus layer in the area of the expansion of the future foundation wall is carried out by placing a thin cement or concrete layer (20) _{on the soil freed from the humus layer J 0 as a level * base for the} prefabricated heat and fire resistance insulating -α blocks (1) is spread » _ * 11 * method according to patent claim S or 10, J ^ characterized in that the prefabricated heat ^& and Keitsisolierblockblocks (1) on the serving as leveling, thin cement or concrete layer (20) are placed while this still damp, is and against the heat and moisture insulating blocks (1) Can bind to with the during their setting and solidification Blocks to be united. 12, method according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that the thin cement or concrete layer (20) is spread out a short distance outside the future foundation wall, and that after the prefabricated heat and blocks of moisture (1) on the flat cement or concrete layer (20) one along the foundation wall and a short distance along the other Outside high-extending bar (21) is formed from cement or concrete mortar, so that this bar after the setting of the Cement or concrete forms a monolithic unit with the leveling (20) consisting of the cement or concrete layer and the foundation wall has bound,. 13 · Method according to claim 12, thereby marked that one or more longitudinal reinforcement bars are inserted into the bar. , 1 ^. Method according to one of the claims 9-13, characterized in that during the in situ concreting of the reinforced concrete layer (9) in the area next to the foundation wall carefully vibrated so that the concrete in the prefabricated Heat and moisture insulation blocks (1) penetrate and form a strong bond between them and the reinforced concrete layer (9) brought about. . 0 9851/1270 4 _Γ Le e rs e ι te