DE1560883B2 - Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Schichtstoffes - Google Patents
Verfahren zur Herstellung eines SchichtstoffesInfo
- Publication number
- DE1560883B2 DE1560883B2 DE1560883A DE1560883A DE1560883B2 DE 1560883 B2 DE1560883 B2 DE 1560883B2 DE 1560883 A DE1560883 A DE 1560883A DE 1560883 A DE1560883 A DE 1560883A DE 1560883 B2 DE1560883 B2 DE 1560883B2
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- film
- fibers
- pressure
- calender
- fiber web
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/58—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives
- D04H1/60—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives the bonding agent being applied in dry state, e.g. thermo-activatable agents in solid or molten state, and heat being applied subsequently
- D04H1/62—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives the bonding agent being applied in dry state, e.g. thermo-activatable agents in solid or molten state, and heat being applied subsequently at spaced points or locations
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/78—Means for handling the parts to be joined, e.g. for making containers or hollow articles, e.g. means for handling sheets, plates, web-like materials, tubular articles, hollow articles or elements to be joined therewith; Means for discharging the joined articles from the joining apparatus
- B29C65/7858—Means for handling the parts to be joined, e.g. for making containers or hollow articles, e.g. means for handling sheets, plates, web-like materials, tubular articles, hollow articles or elements to be joined therewith; Means for discharging the joined articles from the joining apparatus characterised by the feeding movement of the parts to be joined
- B29C65/7888—Means for handling of moving sheets or webs
- B29C65/7894—Means for handling of moving sheets or webs of continuously moving sheets or webs
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
- B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
- B29C66/43—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
- B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
- B29C66/43—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
- B29C66/433—Casing-in, i.e. enclosing an element between two sheets by an outlined seam
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
- B29C66/729—Textile or other fibrous material made from plastics
- B29C66/7294—Non woven mats, e.g. felt
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
- B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
- B29C66/834—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools moving with the parts to be joined
- B29C66/8341—Roller, cylinder or drum types; Band or belt types; Ball types
- B29C66/83411—Roller, cylinder or drum types
- B29C66/83413—Roller, cylinder or drum types cooperating rollers, cylinders or drums
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
- B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
- B29C66/834—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools moving with the parts to be joined
- B29C66/8341—Roller, cylinder or drum types; Band or belt types; Ball types
- B29C66/83411—Roller, cylinder or drum types
- B29C66/83415—Roller, cylinder or drum types the contact angle between said rollers, cylinders or drums and said parts to be joined being a non-zero angle
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/58—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives
- D04H1/60—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives the bonding agent being applied in dry state, e.g. thermo-activatable agents in solid or molten state, and heat being applied subsequently
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
- B29C65/4805—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding characterised by the type of adhesives
- B29C65/481—Non-reactive adhesives, e.g. physically hardening adhesives
- B29C65/4825—Pressure sensitive adhesives
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
- B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
- B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
- B29C66/13—Single flanged joints; Fin-type joints; Single hem joints; Edge joints; Interpenetrating fingered joints; Other specific particular designs of joint cross-sections not provided for in groups B29C66/11 - B29C66/12
- B29C66/133—Fin-type joints, the parts to be joined being flexible
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/71—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
- B29C66/723—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered
- B29C66/7232—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a non-plastics layer
- B29C66/72327—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a non-plastics layer consisting of natural products or their composites, not provided for in B29C66/72321 - B29C66/72324
- B29C66/72328—Paper
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
- B29C66/723—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered
- B29C66/7234—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a barrier layer
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/737—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined
- B29C66/7375—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined uncured, partially cured or fully cured
- B29C66/73755—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined uncured, partially cured or fully cured the to-be-joined area of at least one of the parts to be joined being fully cured, i.e. fully cross-linked, fully vulcanized
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
- B29C66/73921—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic characterised by the materials of both parts being thermoplastics
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/7394—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoset
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Schichtstoffs, bei welchem unversponnene
Textilfasern in einen polymeren, das einzige Bindemittel bildenden Film eingebettet werden, die Faserbahn
nur auf die eine Seite des undurchlässigen Films aufgebracht wird und die Textilfaserbahn und der
Film zwischen den Walzen eines erhitzten Kalanders hindurchgeführt werden.
Es ist bereits ein Verfahren bekannt geworden, bei dem eine Vliesbahn aus unversponnenen Textilfasern
durch Aufwalzen einer erhitzten, undurchlässigen Kunststoffolie mit niedrigem Erweichungspunkt mit
dieser zu einem kunstlederartigen Schichtstoff vereinigt wird (Krcma, »Textilverbundstoffe«, Leipzig,
1962/63, S. 202 bis 211). Das mit diesem bekannten Verfahren hergestellte Material hat jedoch den Nachteil,
daß es für Luft- und Wasserdampf nicht durchlässig ist, wie dies für viele Anwendungsfälle erwünscht
ist.
Weiterhin ist auch schon ein Verfahren bekannt geworden, bei dem ein aufgeheizter, polymerer Film
mit Hilfe von Druckwalzen mit einer Faserbahn verbunden wird, wobei der Film insbesondere als Deck-
und Bindeschicht dient (britische Patentschrift 9 70 932). Auch dieses bekannte Verfahren führt je
nach seiner Durchführung entweder zu einem Schichtmaterial, das für Luft- und Wasserdampf undurchlässig
oder für Wasser durchlässig ist, und ist daher wiederum für viele Anwendungsfälle nicht geeignet.
Es ist schließlich auch schon ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines wasserdampfundurchlässigen Schichtstoffs
durch Verbinden eines Polyäthylenfilms mit einem Gewebe unter Einwirkung von Druck und
Wärme bekannt, bei dem der dünne, durch Wärme erweichte Film bei einer Temperatur oberhalb des
Erweichungspunkts, jedoch unterhalb der Zersetzungstemperatur mit wenigstens einer Schicht eines
faserförmigen Gewebes in Berührung gebracht wird (deutsche Auslegeschrift 10 67 772). Dieses Verfahren
zielt jedoch darauf ab, dem Schichtstoff auf Grund der Anwesenheit des Gewebes eine größere
Reißfestigkeit zu erteilen und ihn auf Grund der Anwesenheit der Filmschicht für Gase und Feuchtigkeit
undurchlässig zu machen. Auch dieses Material besitzt somit keine Durchlässigkeit für Luft- und
Wasserdampf und ist daher für verschiedene Anwendungsfälle nicht geeignet.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es demgegenüber, in einem einzigen Arbeitsgang nur unter Anwendung
von Druck und Wärme ein Schichtmaterial herzustellen, das Luft- und Wasserdampf durchläßt, so daß es
ähnlich wie die menschliche Haut atmen kann, jedoch den Durchgang von Wasser nicht zuläßt.
Zur Lösung der vorgenannten Aufgabe wird gemaß der Erfindung dem Film mehr Wärme zugeführt als der Textilfaserbahn und übt der Kalander auf den weitgehend plastischen Film und die darüberliegende Textilfaserbahn einen Druck von mindestens 89 kg/cm Klemmlänge aus, wodurch die Fasern in den Film über dessen gesamte Dicke eingebracht werden.
Zur Lösung der vorgenannten Aufgabe wird gemaß der Erfindung dem Film mehr Wärme zugeführt als der Textilfaserbahn und übt der Kalander auf den weitgehend plastischen Film und die darüberliegende Textilfaserbahn einen Druck von mindestens 89 kg/cm Klemmlänge aus, wodurch die Fasern in den Film über dessen gesamte Dicke eingebracht werden.
Dadurch, daß bei dem durch das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren hergestellten Schichtmaterial die Textilfasern
sich über die gesamte Dicke des Films erstrecken und somit an den beiden Außenflächen des
Films auch Fasern freiliegen, werden in dem zusammengesetzten Material unzählige feine Poren erzeugt,
die den Durchgang von Luft- und Wasserdampf erlauben, jedoch für Wasser undurchlässig sind. Ein
, 35 Material dieser Art ist überraschenderweise nicht herstellbar,
wenn der Film unter Verwendung der sonstigen Verfahrensschritte auf jeder seiner Außenseiten
mit einer Faserschicht bedeckt und in dieser Zusammensetzung durch den Kalander hindurchgeführt
wird.
Es ist in der Praxis in vielen Anwendungsfällen für die in Betracht kommenden Materialien erwünscht,
daß diese gegenüber Luft- und Wasserdampf durchlässig, gegenüber Wasser jedoch undurchlässig sind.
Das ist im besonderen Maße der Fall, wenn das Material z. B. als Grundschicht für Klebebänder, als Ersatz
für das Oberleder von Schuhwerk oder als Bestandteil für andere Bekleidungsstücke verwendet
werden soll. In den beiden letztgenannten Fällen ist die Fähigkeit des Materials, zu atmen, besonders wesentlich
für seine Annehmlichkeit.
In der Zeichnung ist als Ausführungsbeispiel ein mit dem Verfahren gemäß der Erfindung hergestelltes
Schichtmaterial und eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens dargestellt. Es zeigt
F i g. 1 das Luft- und Wasserdampf durchlässige Material in einem senkrechten Schnitt in einer Seitenansicht
und
F i g. 2 eine Vorrichtung zur Herstellung des vorgenannten Materials in schematischer Darstellung.
Das in Fig. 1 dargestellte Material besteht aus
einer Anordnung von vermischten, jedoch nicht aneinander haftenden Textilfasern 10, die unter Wärme
und Druck in einen thermoplastischen Film 22 eingepreßt worden sind. Die Wärme und der Druck besitzen
hierbei eine solche Größe, daß die einzelnen Fasern 10, deren Länge die Dicke des Films 22 wesentlich
übersteigt, sich quer durch den Film 22 erstrecken, wobei Teile 16 der Fasern 10 an den beiden
Außenflächen des Films freiliegen.
Ein solches Material kann durch eine Vorrichtung gemäß F i g. 2 hergestellt werden, bei der ein Dreiwalzenkalander
die erforderliche Wärme und den notwendigen Druck zur fortlaufenden Herstellung des Materials liefert und aus einer baumwoll-, seiden-
oder faserbelegten Walze 26 besteht, die zwischen zwei Stahlwalzen 24 und 28 angeordnet ist, wobei
die Stahlwalzen etwa durch axial in ihnen angeord-
nete Gasbrenner beheizbar sind. Der Kalander sollte mit einem Druck von mindestens 89 kg/cm Klemmbreite
durch entsprechende Druckbelastung der Lagerzapfen arbeiten können, wobei die Druckerzeugungseinrichtungen
und die Lagerzapfen die übliche Bauart aufweisen und nicht dargestellt sind.
Eine fortlaufende Bahn eines Films 22 wird zusammen mit einem Faserband 20, das z. B. aus einer
nicht dargestellten Karde oder einem Krempel stammt, der Klemmstelle zwischen der unteren beheizten
Stahlwalze 24 und der Baumwollwalze 26 zugeführt. Die Temperatur- und Druckbedingungen
des Verfahrens ändern sich mit der Art des verwendeten Films.
Vorzugsweise besteht der Film 22 aus Polypropylen. Es können jedoch auch andere thermoplastische
Filme verwendet werden, z. B. solche aus Polyäthylen und Polyvinylchlorid. Es ist auch möglich, Filme
aus einem Material zu verwenden, das vernetzte Agenzien enthält. Derartige Filme werden nicht umkehrbar
fixiert, wenn sie in dem Kalander erhitzt werden. Zu ihnen gehört z. B. der modifizierte Acrylfilm,
der von der Firma Röhm & Haas unter dem Handelsnamen »Oroform« geliefert wird. Geeignete
Fasern bestehen z. B. aus Baumwolle, Reyon, Zellulose-Acetat oder Polyester, es können jedoch auch
Polyacrylfasern verwendet werden. Bei der Herstellung von luftdurchlässigen Erzeugnissen müssen zwei
Hauptkriterien beachtet werden. Erstens muß das Gewicht des Films im Verhältnis zum Gewicht der
Fasern klein gehalten werden, wobei der Film vorzugsweise nicht mehr als ein Drittel des Gewichts
des fertigen Materials enthält. Zweitens darf die Faserkomponente nur auf einer Außenseite des Films
aufgebracht werden, damit die Wärme und der Druck des Kalanders unmittelbar auf den Film einwirken
können. Die Herstellung des luftdurchlässigen Materials wird in den folgenden Ausführungsbeispielen
erläutert.
Ein Wirrfaservlies aus gekräuselten Nylonfasern von 3 den und einer Länge von 3,8 cm wird auf einer
Rando-Webber-Maschine hergestellt. Es wiegt 29 g/m2. Das Faservlies wird mit einem Film aus gegossenem
Polyäthylen von 12,7 μ Stärke und einem Gewicht von 12 g/m2 dadurch zusammengebracht,
daß beide Materialien durch die Vorrichtung nach F i g. 2 hindurchgeführt werden, wobei der Film an
der Stahlwalze anliegt, die auf 176,5° C aufgeheizt ist, während das Faservlies an der Baumwollwalze
anliegt, deren Temperatur 121,5° C beträgt. Der
ίο Druck beträgt 152 kg/cm Klemmlänge.
Das Enderzeugnis wiegt 42 g/m2 und besteht aus
28% Filmsubstanz und 72% Fasermaterial. Es hat eine Luftdurchlässigkeit von 2,6 m3/min/dm2 bei einem
hydrostatischen Druck von 12,7 mm Wassersäule.
B eispiel 2
In einem Verfahren ähnlich demjenigen nach dem Ausführungsbeispiel 1 wird ein willkürlich orientier-
ao tes Faservlies aus gekräuselten Viskosereyonfasern von 1 den mit einem Gewicht von 26 g/m2 mit einem
Polypropylenfilm einer Dicke von 12,7 μ zusammengeführt. Die Stahlwalze wird auf 154,5° C, die Baumwollwalze
auf 99,5° C aufgeheizt. Der Druck beträgt 140 kg/cm Klemmlänge. Das Endprodukt besteht aus
31% Filmsubstanz und 69% Fasern. Es hat bei einem Test der oben erwähnten Art eine Luftdurchlässigkeit
von 7,3 m3/min/dm2.
Materialien, wie sie in den obigen Ausführungsbeispielen beschrieben sind, werden auf unterschiedlichen
Gebieten verwendet, in denen ein poröses, nicht gewebtes Material erwünscht ist, etwa bei der
Verpackung von Entfeuchtungsmitteln für atmende Klebebänder u. dgl. Ein atmendes Klebeband kann
auf einfache Weise aus den Erzeugnissen nach den vorgenannten Ausführungsbeispielen dadurch hergestellt
werden, daß eine Lösung einer Klebemasse, etwa eine Hepta-Lösung einer Kautschukmischung,
auf die vereinigte Faser-Filmkombination aufgesprüht wird. Bei diesem Verfahren wird die Klebemasse
in Gestalt eines verzweigten Netzwerks abgelagert, wodurch ein hohes Maß an Porosität erhalten
bleibt.
Hierzu 1 Blatt Zeichnungen
Claims (1)
- Patentanspruch:Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Schichtstoffs, bei welchem unversponnene Textilfasern in einem polymeren, das einzige Bindemittel bildenden Film eingebettet werden, die Faserbahn nur auf die eine Seite des undurchlässigen Films aufgebracht wird und die Textilfaserbahn und der Film zwischen den Walzen eines erhitzten Kalanders hindurchgeführt werden, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß dem Film mehr Wärme zugeführt wird als der Textilfaserbahn und der Kalander auf den weitgehend plastischen Film und die darüberliegende Textilfaserbahn einen Druck von mindestens 89 kg/cm Klemmlänge ausübt, wodurch die Fasern in dem Film über dessen gesamte Dicke eingebracht werden.
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US51407965A | 1965-12-15 | 1965-12-15 | |
US51407965 | 1965-12-15 | ||
US53073466A | 1966-02-28 | 1966-02-28 | |
US56323866A | 1966-07-06 | 1966-07-06 | |
DEK0060885 | 1966-12-08 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE1560883A1 DE1560883A1 (de) | 1972-03-02 |
DE1560883B2 true DE1560883B2 (de) | 1975-10-23 |
DE1560883C3 DE1560883C3 (de) | 1976-08-12 |
Family
ID=
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
NL6617667A (de) | 1967-06-16 |
ES334513A1 (es) | 1968-06-01 |
SE341386B (de) | 1971-12-27 |
GB1117430A (en) | 1968-06-19 |
BE691133A (de) | 1967-05-16 |
BR6685399D0 (pt) | 1973-05-24 |
NL157672B (nl) | 1978-08-15 |
CH469847A (de) | 1969-03-15 |
JPS5113791B1 (de) | 1976-05-04 |
FR1505092A (fr) | 1967-12-08 |
DE1560883A1 (de) | 1972-03-02 |
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E77 | Valid patent as to the heymanns-index 1977 | ||
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