DE1560883B2 - Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Schichtstoffes - Google Patents

Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Schichtstoffes

Info

Publication number
DE1560883B2
DE1560883B2 DE1560883A DE1560883A DE1560883B2 DE 1560883 B2 DE1560883 B2 DE 1560883B2 DE 1560883 A DE1560883 A DE 1560883A DE 1560883 A DE1560883 A DE 1560883A DE 1560883 B2 DE1560883 B2 DE 1560883B2
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
film
fibers
pressure
calender
fiber web
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
DE1560883A
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
DE1560883C3 (de
DE1560883A1 (de
Inventor
Nicholas Stephen West Newton Mass. Newman (V.St.A.)
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Kendall Co
Original Assignee
Kendall Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Kendall Co filed Critical Kendall Co
Publication of DE1560883A1 publication Critical patent/DE1560883A1/de
Publication of DE1560883B2 publication Critical patent/DE1560883B2/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of DE1560883C3 publication Critical patent/DE1560883C3/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04HMAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/58Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives
    • D04H1/60Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives the bonding agent being applied in dry state, e.g. thermo-activatable agents in solid or molten state, and heat being applied subsequently
    • D04H1/62Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives the bonding agent being applied in dry state, e.g. thermo-activatable agents in solid or molten state, and heat being applied subsequently at spaced points or locations
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/78Means for handling the parts to be joined, e.g. for making containers or hollow articles, e.g. means for handling sheets, plates, web-like materials, tubular articles, hollow articles or elements to be joined therewith; Means for discharging the joined articles from the joining apparatus
    • B29C65/7858Means for handling the parts to be joined, e.g. for making containers or hollow articles, e.g. means for handling sheets, plates, web-like materials, tubular articles, hollow articles or elements to be joined therewith; Means for discharging the joined articles from the joining apparatus characterised by the feeding movement of the parts to be joined
    • B29C65/7888Means for handling of moving sheets or webs
    • B29C65/7894Means for handling of moving sheets or webs of continuously moving sheets or webs
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B29C66/43Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B29C66/43Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
    • B29C66/433Casing-in, i.e. enclosing an element between two sheets by an outlined seam
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/729Textile or other fibrous material made from plastics
    • B29C66/7294Non woven mats, e.g. felt
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/83General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/834General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools moving with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/8341Roller, cylinder or drum types; Band or belt types; Ball types
    • B29C66/83411Roller, cylinder or drum types
    • B29C66/83413Roller, cylinder or drum types cooperating rollers, cylinders or drums
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/83General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/834General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools moving with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/8341Roller, cylinder or drum types; Band or belt types; Ball types
    • B29C66/83411Roller, cylinder or drum types
    • B29C66/83415Roller, cylinder or drum types the contact angle between said rollers, cylinders or drums and said parts to be joined being a non-zero angle
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04HMAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/58Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives
    • D04H1/60Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives the bonding agent being applied in dry state, e.g. thermo-activatable agents in solid or molten state, and heat being applied subsequently
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/4805Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding characterised by the type of adhesives
    • B29C65/481Non-reactive adhesives, e.g. physically hardening adhesives
    • B29C65/4825Pressure sensitive adhesives
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/13Single flanged joints; Fin-type joints; Single hem joints; Edge joints; Interpenetrating fingered joints; Other specific particular designs of joint cross-sections not provided for in groups B29C66/11 - B29C66/12
    • B29C66/133Fin-type joints, the parts to be joined being flexible
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/71General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/723General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered
    • B29C66/7232General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a non-plastics layer
    • B29C66/72327General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a non-plastics layer consisting of natural products or their composites, not provided for in B29C66/72321 - B29C66/72324
    • B29C66/72328Paper
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/723General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered
    • B29C66/7234General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a barrier layer
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/737General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/7375General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined uncured, partially cured or fully cured
    • B29C66/73755General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined uncured, partially cured or fully cured the to-be-joined area of at least one of the parts to be joined being fully cured, i.e. fully cross-linked, fully vulcanized
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • B29C66/73921General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic characterised by the materials of both parts being thermoplastics
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7394General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoset

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Schichtstoffs, bei welchem unversponnene Textilfasern in einen polymeren, das einzige Bindemittel bildenden Film eingebettet werden, die Faserbahn nur auf die eine Seite des undurchlässigen Films aufgebracht wird und die Textilfaserbahn und der Film zwischen den Walzen eines erhitzten Kalanders hindurchgeführt werden.
Es ist bereits ein Verfahren bekannt geworden, bei dem eine Vliesbahn aus unversponnenen Textilfasern durch Aufwalzen einer erhitzten, undurchlässigen Kunststoffolie mit niedrigem Erweichungspunkt mit dieser zu einem kunstlederartigen Schichtstoff vereinigt wird (Krcma, »Textilverbundstoffe«, Leipzig, 1962/63, S. 202 bis 211). Das mit diesem bekannten Verfahren hergestellte Material hat jedoch den Nachteil, daß es für Luft- und Wasserdampf nicht durchlässig ist, wie dies für viele Anwendungsfälle erwünscht ist.
Weiterhin ist auch schon ein Verfahren bekannt geworden, bei dem ein aufgeheizter, polymerer Film mit Hilfe von Druckwalzen mit einer Faserbahn verbunden wird, wobei der Film insbesondere als Deck- und Bindeschicht dient (britische Patentschrift 9 70 932). Auch dieses bekannte Verfahren führt je nach seiner Durchführung entweder zu einem Schichtmaterial, das für Luft- und Wasserdampf undurchlässig oder für Wasser durchlässig ist, und ist daher wiederum für viele Anwendungsfälle nicht geeignet.
Es ist schließlich auch schon ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines wasserdampfundurchlässigen Schichtstoffs durch Verbinden eines Polyäthylenfilms mit einem Gewebe unter Einwirkung von Druck und Wärme bekannt, bei dem der dünne, durch Wärme erweichte Film bei einer Temperatur oberhalb des Erweichungspunkts, jedoch unterhalb der Zersetzungstemperatur mit wenigstens einer Schicht eines faserförmigen Gewebes in Berührung gebracht wird (deutsche Auslegeschrift 10 67 772). Dieses Verfahren zielt jedoch darauf ab, dem Schichtstoff auf Grund der Anwesenheit des Gewebes eine größere Reißfestigkeit zu erteilen und ihn auf Grund der Anwesenheit der Filmschicht für Gase und Feuchtigkeit undurchlässig zu machen. Auch dieses Material besitzt somit keine Durchlässigkeit für Luft- und Wasserdampf und ist daher für verschiedene Anwendungsfälle nicht geeignet.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es demgegenüber, in einem einzigen Arbeitsgang nur unter Anwendung von Druck und Wärme ein Schichtmaterial herzustellen, das Luft- und Wasserdampf durchläßt, so daß es ähnlich wie die menschliche Haut atmen kann, jedoch den Durchgang von Wasser nicht zuläßt.
Zur Lösung der vorgenannten Aufgabe wird gemaß der Erfindung dem Film mehr Wärme zugeführt als der Textilfaserbahn und übt der Kalander auf den weitgehend plastischen Film und die darüberliegende Textilfaserbahn einen Druck von mindestens 89 kg/cm Klemmlänge aus, wodurch die Fasern in den Film über dessen gesamte Dicke eingebracht werden.
Dadurch, daß bei dem durch das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren hergestellten Schichtmaterial die Textilfasern sich über die gesamte Dicke des Films erstrecken und somit an den beiden Außenflächen des Films auch Fasern freiliegen, werden in dem zusammengesetzten Material unzählige feine Poren erzeugt, die den Durchgang von Luft- und Wasserdampf erlauben, jedoch für Wasser undurchlässig sind. Ein , 35 Material dieser Art ist überraschenderweise nicht herstellbar, wenn der Film unter Verwendung der sonstigen Verfahrensschritte auf jeder seiner Außenseiten mit einer Faserschicht bedeckt und in dieser Zusammensetzung durch den Kalander hindurchgeführt wird.
Es ist in der Praxis in vielen Anwendungsfällen für die in Betracht kommenden Materialien erwünscht, daß diese gegenüber Luft- und Wasserdampf durchlässig, gegenüber Wasser jedoch undurchlässig sind.
Das ist im besonderen Maße der Fall, wenn das Material z. B. als Grundschicht für Klebebänder, als Ersatz für das Oberleder von Schuhwerk oder als Bestandteil für andere Bekleidungsstücke verwendet werden soll. In den beiden letztgenannten Fällen ist die Fähigkeit des Materials, zu atmen, besonders wesentlich für seine Annehmlichkeit.
In der Zeichnung ist als Ausführungsbeispiel ein mit dem Verfahren gemäß der Erfindung hergestelltes Schichtmaterial und eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens dargestellt. Es zeigt
F i g. 1 das Luft- und Wasserdampf durchlässige Material in einem senkrechten Schnitt in einer Seitenansicht und
F i g. 2 eine Vorrichtung zur Herstellung des vorgenannten Materials in schematischer Darstellung.
Das in Fig. 1 dargestellte Material besteht aus einer Anordnung von vermischten, jedoch nicht aneinander haftenden Textilfasern 10, die unter Wärme und Druck in einen thermoplastischen Film 22 eingepreßt worden sind. Die Wärme und der Druck besitzen hierbei eine solche Größe, daß die einzelnen Fasern 10, deren Länge die Dicke des Films 22 wesentlich übersteigt, sich quer durch den Film 22 erstrecken, wobei Teile 16 der Fasern 10 an den beiden Außenflächen des Films freiliegen.
Ein solches Material kann durch eine Vorrichtung gemäß F i g. 2 hergestellt werden, bei der ein Dreiwalzenkalander die erforderliche Wärme und den notwendigen Druck zur fortlaufenden Herstellung des Materials liefert und aus einer baumwoll-, seiden- oder faserbelegten Walze 26 besteht, die zwischen zwei Stahlwalzen 24 und 28 angeordnet ist, wobei die Stahlwalzen etwa durch axial in ihnen angeord-
nete Gasbrenner beheizbar sind. Der Kalander sollte mit einem Druck von mindestens 89 kg/cm Klemmbreite durch entsprechende Druckbelastung der Lagerzapfen arbeiten können, wobei die Druckerzeugungseinrichtungen und die Lagerzapfen die übliche Bauart aufweisen und nicht dargestellt sind.
Eine fortlaufende Bahn eines Films 22 wird zusammen mit einem Faserband 20, das z. B. aus einer nicht dargestellten Karde oder einem Krempel stammt, der Klemmstelle zwischen der unteren beheizten Stahlwalze 24 und der Baumwollwalze 26 zugeführt. Die Temperatur- und Druckbedingungen des Verfahrens ändern sich mit der Art des verwendeten Films.
Vorzugsweise besteht der Film 22 aus Polypropylen. Es können jedoch auch andere thermoplastische Filme verwendet werden, z. B. solche aus Polyäthylen und Polyvinylchlorid. Es ist auch möglich, Filme aus einem Material zu verwenden, das vernetzte Agenzien enthält. Derartige Filme werden nicht umkehrbar fixiert, wenn sie in dem Kalander erhitzt werden. Zu ihnen gehört z. B. der modifizierte Acrylfilm, der von der Firma Röhm & Haas unter dem Handelsnamen »Oroform« geliefert wird. Geeignete Fasern bestehen z. B. aus Baumwolle, Reyon, Zellulose-Acetat oder Polyester, es können jedoch auch Polyacrylfasern verwendet werden. Bei der Herstellung von luftdurchlässigen Erzeugnissen müssen zwei Hauptkriterien beachtet werden. Erstens muß das Gewicht des Films im Verhältnis zum Gewicht der Fasern klein gehalten werden, wobei der Film vorzugsweise nicht mehr als ein Drittel des Gewichts des fertigen Materials enthält. Zweitens darf die Faserkomponente nur auf einer Außenseite des Films aufgebracht werden, damit die Wärme und der Druck des Kalanders unmittelbar auf den Film einwirken können. Die Herstellung des luftdurchlässigen Materials wird in den folgenden Ausführungsbeispielen erläutert.
Beispiel 1
Ein Wirrfaservlies aus gekräuselten Nylonfasern von 3 den und einer Länge von 3,8 cm wird auf einer Rando-Webber-Maschine hergestellt. Es wiegt 29 g/m2. Das Faservlies wird mit einem Film aus gegossenem Polyäthylen von 12,7 μ Stärke und einem Gewicht von 12 g/m2 dadurch zusammengebracht,
daß beide Materialien durch die Vorrichtung nach F i g. 2 hindurchgeführt werden, wobei der Film an der Stahlwalze anliegt, die auf 176,5° C aufgeheizt ist, während das Faservlies an der Baumwollwalze anliegt, deren Temperatur 121,5° C beträgt. Der
ίο Druck beträgt 152 kg/cm Klemmlänge.
Das Enderzeugnis wiegt 42 g/m2 und besteht aus 28% Filmsubstanz und 72% Fasermaterial. Es hat eine Luftdurchlässigkeit von 2,6 m3/min/dm2 bei einem hydrostatischen Druck von 12,7 mm Wassersäule.
B eispiel 2
In einem Verfahren ähnlich demjenigen nach dem Ausführungsbeispiel 1 wird ein willkürlich orientier-
ao tes Faservlies aus gekräuselten Viskosereyonfasern von 1 den mit einem Gewicht von 26 g/m2 mit einem Polypropylenfilm einer Dicke von 12,7 μ zusammengeführt. Die Stahlwalze wird auf 154,5° C, die Baumwollwalze auf 99,5° C aufgeheizt. Der Druck beträgt 140 kg/cm Klemmlänge. Das Endprodukt besteht aus 31% Filmsubstanz und 69% Fasern. Es hat bei einem Test der oben erwähnten Art eine Luftdurchlässigkeit von 7,3 m3/min/dm2.
Materialien, wie sie in den obigen Ausführungsbeispielen beschrieben sind, werden auf unterschiedlichen Gebieten verwendet, in denen ein poröses, nicht gewebtes Material erwünscht ist, etwa bei der Verpackung von Entfeuchtungsmitteln für atmende Klebebänder u. dgl. Ein atmendes Klebeband kann auf einfache Weise aus den Erzeugnissen nach den vorgenannten Ausführungsbeispielen dadurch hergestellt werden, daß eine Lösung einer Klebemasse, etwa eine Hepta-Lösung einer Kautschukmischung, auf die vereinigte Faser-Filmkombination aufgesprüht wird. Bei diesem Verfahren wird die Klebemasse in Gestalt eines verzweigten Netzwerks abgelagert, wodurch ein hohes Maß an Porosität erhalten bleibt.
Hierzu 1 Blatt Zeichnungen

Claims (1)

  1. Patentanspruch:
    Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Schichtstoffs, bei welchem unversponnene Textilfasern in einem polymeren, das einzige Bindemittel bildenden Film eingebettet werden, die Faserbahn nur auf die eine Seite des undurchlässigen Films aufgebracht wird und die Textilfaserbahn und der Film zwischen den Walzen eines erhitzten Kalanders hindurchgeführt werden, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß dem Film mehr Wärme zugeführt wird als der Textilfaserbahn und der Kalander auf den weitgehend plastischen Film und die darüberliegende Textilfaserbahn einen Druck von mindestens 89 kg/cm Klemmlänge ausübt, wodurch die Fasern in dem Film über dessen gesamte Dicke eingebracht werden.
DE19661560883 1965-12-15 1966-12-08 Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Schichtstoffes Expired DE1560883C3 (de)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US51407965A 1965-12-15 1965-12-15
US51407965 1965-12-15
US53073466A 1966-02-28 1966-02-28
US56323866A 1966-07-06 1966-07-06
DEK0060885 1966-12-08

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DE1560883A1 DE1560883A1 (de) 1972-03-02
DE1560883B2 true DE1560883B2 (de) 1975-10-23
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ES334513A1 (es) 1968-06-01
SE341386B (de) 1971-12-27
GB1117430A (en) 1968-06-19
BE691133A (de) 1967-05-16
BR6685399D0 (pt) 1973-05-24
NL157672B (nl) 1978-08-15
CH469847A (de) 1969-03-15
JPS5113791B1 (de) 1976-05-04
FR1505092A (fr) 1967-12-08
DE1560883A1 (de) 1972-03-02

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