DE1246920B - Schmiermittel fuer Metallflaechen - Google Patents

Schmiermittel fuer Metallflaechen

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Publication number
DE1246920B
DE1246920B DEG34691A DEG0034691A DE1246920B DE 1246920 B DE1246920 B DE 1246920B DE G34691 A DEG34691 A DE G34691A DE G0034691 A DEG0034691 A DE G0034691A DE 1246920 B DE1246920 B DE 1246920B
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
lubricant
methyl
fluorine
cetene
carbon atoms
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
DEG34691A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Robert Stephen Owens
Leon Edward St Pierre
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
General Electric Co
Original Assignee
General Electric Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by General Electric Co filed Critical General Electric Co
Publication of DE1246920B publication Critical patent/DE1246920B/de
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • C10M111/00Lubrication compositions characterised by the base-material being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M101/00 - C10M109/00, each of these compounds being essential
    • C10M111/02Lubrication compositions characterised by the base-material being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M101/00 - C10M109/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being a non-macromolecular organic compound
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  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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  • Lubricants (AREA)

Description

BUNDESREPUBLIK DEUTSCHLAND
Tut. Cl.:
ClOm
DEUTSCHES
PATENTAMT
AUSLEGESCHRIFT
C 1OM 169/008
Deutsche Kl.: 23 c -1/01
Nummer: 1 246 920
Aktenzeichen: G 34691 IV c/23 c
Anmeldetag: 10. April 1962
Auslegetag: 10. August 1967
Das Schmieren von Metallflächen bietet mitunter erhebliche Schwierigkeiten, besonders bei hohen spezifischen Drücken, bei denen es entscheidend auf die Grenzschichten ankommt und eine Berührung von Metall auf Metall eintreten kann. Dies geht beispielsweise für den Fall eines Lagers, bevor sich in diesem ein hydrodynamischer Schmiermittelfilm bildet, und auch bei der spanlosen und spanabhebenden Bearbeitung von Metallflächen. Auf Grund der hohen spezifischen Drücke neigen die relativ zueinander bewegten Flächen nämlich zum Fressen.
Es wurde nun gefunden, daß sich ein Schmiermittel zum Schmieren von Metallflächen besonders gut eignet, wenn es aus einer Mischung von 5 bis 95°/0 eines Olefins der Formel
R — [CR = CR"]R' oder R'[CR = CR"]R und 95 bis 5% einer Verbindung mit der Formel
Q-x-z
besteht, wobei R Wasserstoff oder Fluor, R' Wasserstoff, Fluor, Methyl, Monofluormethyl, Difluormethyl oder Trifluormethyl und R" ein einwertiger geradkettiger, gegebenenfalls Fluor enthaltender Alkylrest mit mindestens 8 Kohlenstoffatomen ist; X ist
O O
— O—, -S-. -C-. —C —O —,
000
— O —C —O —, —S— oder — S —,
Z ein einwertiger, geradkettiger, gesättigter aliphatischer, gegebenenfalls Fluor enthaltender Alkylrest mit mindestens 11 Kohlenstoffatomen und Q ein geradkettiger Alkylrest mit 1 bis 3 Kohlenstoffatomen. Besonders gut eignet sich dieses Schmiermittel für ein mindestens 50°/0 Aluminium enthaltendes Leichtmetall. Es ergibt sich dabei eine erhebliche Verringerung des Reibungskoeffizienten, wodurch die Neigung des Leichtmetalls zum Fressen ebenfalls verringert oder gänzlich beseitigt wird. Weiter hat sich herausgestellt, daß bei Verwendung dieses Schmiermittels nicht nur die Schmierwirkung erheblich verbessert, sondern darüber hinaus die Metallfläche bei ihrer Bewegung über die Gegenfläche auf Hochglanz poliert wird.
Schmiermittel für Metallflächen
Anmelder:
General Electric Company,
Schenectady, N. Y. (V. St. A.)
Vertreter:
Dipl.-Ing. M. Licht und Dr. R. Schmidt,
Patentanwälte, München 2, Theresienstr. 33
Als Erfinder benannt:
Robert Stephen Owens, Watervliet, N. Y.:
Leon Edward St. Pierre,
Schenectady, N. Y. (V. St. A.)
Beanspruchte Priorität:
V. St. v. Amerika vom 10. April 1961
(101 918),
vom 19. März 1962 (180 883)
Die Erfindung ermöglicht somit die Herstellung von Lagern mit aus Leichtmetall bestehenden Gleitflächen. Bisher war dies nicht möglich, weil aus Aluminium oder Leichtmetall bestehende Gleitflächen zum Fressen neigen. Zwar hat man zur Herstellung von Lagern geeignete Aluminiumverbindungen entwickelt, jedoch müssen bei Verwendung von diesen Legierungen erhebliche Zugeständnisse im Hinblick auf das Lagerspiel und die Lebensdauer gemacht werden.
Bei Verwendung dieses Schmiermittels bei der spanlosen Bearbeitung von Leichtmetallen durch Ziehen, Spinnen, Strangpressen u. dgl. läßt sich eine sehr hochwertige Oberflächenbeschaffenheit erzielen.
Gelangt das Schmiermittel dabei unverdünnt zur Verwendung, so erhält das spanlos verformte Leichtmetall eine spiegelglatte Oberfläche. Dies konnte mit dem bisher bekannten Schmiermittel nicht erreicht werden.
Das Schmiermittel eignet sich jedoch nicht nur zum Schmieren von Leichtmetallflächen, sondern kann auch vorteilhaft zum Schmieren anderer Metallflächen verwendet werden, die beispielsweise aus Stahl, Molybdän, Silber, Kupfer, Beryllium, Wolfram, Magnesium, Titan, Zirkonium, Chrom, Nickel, Kobalt, Aluminium, Zinn und Legierungen dieser Metalle bestehen. Die Gegenfläche kann aus dem gleichen
709 620/474
oder einem anderen Metall oder auch aus Testen Stoffen bestehen. Bei den festen Stoffen kann es sicn beispielsweise um Holz. Kunststoffe. Schiehistoife, Sintermetalle. Graphit, mit Graphit durchsetzte Metalle. Lagermetalle. Metallcarbide. Met.illnitrkie usw. handeln.
Bei den beim Schmiermittel nach der tlrhniiuus: verwendeten Olefinen kann es sich beispielsweise um folgende Verbindungen handeln: Decen-L Dodecen-l. Tetradecen-1. Dodecen-2. Tetradecen-2. Pentadecen-1. He\adecen-1 (ceten). Octadecen-I. Octadecen-2, 1-Fluortetradecen-l, 1.2-Difluortetradecen-i, 1-Fluorhexadecen-1. Triflucrhexadecen-I. 1.1.2.2-Tetrafiuorhexadecen-2 sowie Mischungen solcher Olefine.
Bei der Komponente QXZ kann es sich beispielsweise handeln um Methyllaurat, Propyllaurat. Methylmyristrat, Methylpalmitat. Methylstearat. Äthylcarnaubat. N-Propylmyristat. Athylpalniitat. Methylaehenat, Undecylacetat. Dodecylacetat. Dodecylpropionat. Monoiiuorniethyistearat. l.l-Difluoräthylpalmitat, Trifluorniethvlfluoimyristat, Methylfluorpalmitat, Difluormethylpalmitat. Mcthyldifluorstearat. Dodecylfluoracetat. Fluormethyltrifluormyristat, Methylundecylä'ther. Methyldodecyläther, Äthyltetradecyläther, Äthyleicosyläther. Äthylhexadecylsulfid. Ätliylundecylsulfid, Propyldodecylsulfid. Methyldodecylketon. Äthyldodecylcarbonat. Methyltetradecylsulfoxid, Äthylhexadecylsulfon. Äthyltetradecyläther, ÄthyleicosyIsulfid. Methylmonofluornonadecylcarbonat. Fluormethyldodecyläthei, Methyltetrafluortricosylsulfon.Methylhexafiuoitriacontyls.ulfoxid.Propyltrifluorundecvlketon. Äthyltrifluorstearat. 2-Fluoiäthyloctadecylsulfid. 1.2- Difliiorpropyleicosy !keton. Fliioräthyltetrafluortricosylsulfon. Methvltrifluortricosyläther.
Die Verhältnisse der beiden Mischungskomponenten lassen sich innerhalb weiter Grenzen ändern. Vorzuziehen sind Mischungsverhältnisse, bei denen die Vereinigung beider die gewünschten Schmiereigenschaften ergibt und eine Flüssigkeit liefert, die weit unter Ziminertempetatur erstarrt, beispielsweise unterhalb von 15 C. und daher über einen weiten Temperaturbereich hin ais Schmiermittel brauchbar ist. Der Olerinanteil betragt vor/ugsweise 5 bis 95 Oew ichtsprozcnt.
Als Olefin ist ein ungesättigter aliphatischer Kohlenwasserstoff vorzuziehen, dessen Molekül eine gerade Kette darstellt, die in der 1-2-Stellung bei einer Kcttcnlänge von 12 bis 20 Kohlenstoffatomen olcfinungesättigt ist. Fiir den Anteil QXZ des Schmiermittels wird vorzugsweise ein gesättigter aliphatischer Ester einer gesättigten aliphatischen Monocarbon.säiire gewählt, bei der das gesättigte aliphatische Reüikal Z eine Länge \on 12 bis 20 Kohlenstoffatomen aufweist.
Das Schmiermittel kann allein oder in Verbindung mit anderen bekannten Schmiermitteln, ζ. Β Mineralölen der für Schmierstoffe erwünschten Visk«.—itiit oder aus solchen Ölen heigestellten fetten Siliconschiviic-rölen. wie F.sterschmierölen. Pohe-sterschmierölen. Silicatestcrschmierölen. verwendet werden.. Auch wäßrige Emulsionen der f.rfmdungsgema.'kn Schmier mittelmiscluing lassen sie!ι allem oder in Verbindung mil anderen für diesen Zweck bekannten ("Men heim Schneiden und Schleifen verwenden.
Bereits der Zusatz von kleinen Mengen, beispielsweise 15° 0, c'es Schmiermittels nach der Lriincung .'.u einen! bekannten Schmiermittel fuhit /u einer beachtlichen Verbesserung der Selimierwirkunc. Insbesondere können 10 bis 90 Gewic'itsteile des Schmiermittels nach der ''rfindung zu M)U Gewichtsteilen eines abheften Schmiermittels zugesetzt werden
Der Aggrcgats/ust.ird des Schmiermittels nach der Erlindung kann in weiten Grenzen schwanken, und zwar zwischen lest und flüssig. Im festen Aggregatszustand eignet sich das Schmiermittel zur Auflösung in flüssigen Sehmiermitteln. Man erhält auf diese Weise flüssige Schmiermittel oder Schmierfette mit
ίο besonders günstigen Eigenschaften, die von der Zusammensetzung und der Konzentration abhangen.
Will man eine fettartige Konsistenz erreichen, so kann man Füllstoffe zusetzen Als solche kommen nicht reibend wirkende Stoffe wie Kieselsäuregel, Ruß. Kieselgur. Molybdänsulrkl. Zinnsiilh'd, Graphit oder auch Seifen in Frage. Durch Zusatz von Seifen erhält man eine gelartige Konsistenz. Man kann dafür Alkali oder Erdalkaliseifen der Fettsäuren oder auch andere Seifen wie Zink-. Zinn-, Blei-. Kupfer- und ähnliche Seifen der Fettsäuren verwenden. Ein besonders geeigneter fettartiger Schmierstoff ergibt sich bei Verwendung von Lithiumstearat oder Lithiuinhydroxystearat.
Dem Schmiermittel nach der Erfindung kann man natürlich die üblichen Zusätze beifügen, die zur Erzielung besonderer Eigenschaften üblich sind, wie beispielsweise die Bildung von schaumverhindernden Mitteln. Stabilisatoren. Schutzstoffen, besonders gegen Oxydieren, u. dgl.
Die in den Beispielen angeführten Schmiermittel wurden mit Hilfe eines bekannten Gerätes geprüft, das zwei aneinanderdrückbare Prüfkörper enthält, die relativ zueinander umlaufen und zwischen denen ein zu prüfendes Schmiermittel gebracht werden kann. Durch Messung des Reibungsdrehmonientes und durch Beobachtung der gegeneinander reibenden Oberflächen kann auf die Schmierwirkung geschlossen w erden
Beispiel I
Bei diesem Beispiel bestand das Schmiermittel aus 700Z0 Ceten und aus 300Z0 Methylstearat. Die Prüfkörper bestanden beide aus rostfreiem Stahl (11,5 bis 13°,0 Chrom). Die Prüfung der Schmierwirkung währte 1''»Stunden. Der Reibungskoeffizient belief sich gleichbleibend auf etwa 0.16. Die Reibungsiläche des ruhenden Prüfkörpers zeigte keinen merklichen Verschleiß, sondern war auf Hochglanz poliert. Zum Vergleich wurde Ceten allein unter den gleichen Bedingungen geprüft, und zwar unter Verwendung der gleichen, aus rostfreiem Stahl bestehenden Prüfkörper. Dabei schwankte der Reibungskoeffizient in unvorhersehbarer Weise zwischen weiten Grenzen, nämlich zwischen 0,27 und 0,4. In die Fläche des nicht umlaufenden Prüfkörpers waren tiefe Kerben eingefressen, was einen übermäßigen Verschleifj bedeutete.
Beispiel 2
In das Prüfgerät wurde ein Schmiermittel eingefüllt, das aus Ceten (auch als He\adecen-i bekannt) aus >1ethylstearat und ;u;s einer Mischung von n-Decen-l und Methylstcanit in den angegebenen Veihältnisv-ei ten zusammengemischt wunje. Die Prüfkörper bestanden dabei aus I eichtmetall. Ferner wurden Ceten allein (Methylstearat ist bei Zimmertemperatur fest) und Cctan allein zu Vergleichszv ecken geprüft.
Um die Schmierwirkung dieser Mischung auswerten zu können, wurden auch Mischungen von Ceten mit n-Butylstearat oder [sopropylstearat geprüft. Schließlich erstreckte sich die Prüfung auch auf ein Pflanzenöl (Maisöl), um die Wirkung darzutun, die sich bei einem vielfach ungesättigten Molekül eines Esters ergibt. Dieses Pflanzenfett bestand im wesentlichen aus Glyceriden von Fettsäuren mit den folgenden Mengen an freien Säuren: 34 bis 62 Gewichtsprozent Linolsäure, 19 bis 49 Gewichtsprozent Oleinsäure, 0,2 bis 1,6 Gewichtsprozent Hexadecansäure, 8 bis 12 Gewichtsprozent Palmitinsäure und weniger als 5% von Myristin- und Stearinsäuren.
Bei dem Kohlenwasserstofföl handelt es sich um ein Mineralschmieröl mit einer Viskosität von 150 Saybolt-Sekunden, das als Schmiermittel für Lager vielfach verwendet wird.
Die Tabelle zeigt die Zusammensetzung und Mischungsverhältnisse der Schmiermittel sowie den sich ergebenden Verschleiß.
Schmiermittel
Mittlerer
Reibungskoeffizient
Verschleiß
der Reibfläche
100% Ceten
Pflanzliches öl
20% Methyistearat
80% Ceten
30% Methyistearat
70% Ceten
40% Methyistearat
60% Ceten
50% Methyistearat
50% Ceten
30% Methyistearat
70%n-Decen-l
30% Isopropylstearat
70% Ceten
20% n-Butylstearat*
80% Ceten
50% n-Butylstearat*
50% Ceten
100% 150-SUS-KohlenwasserstofTöl
20% Methyistearat
80% 150-SUS-Öl
100%Cetan*
30% Methyistearat
70% Cetan
0,11
0,27 bis 0,38
0,1
0,1
0,1
0,09
0,11
0,1 bis 0,24
0,14 bis 0,4
0,12 bis 0,34
0,2 bis 0,7
0,2 bis 0,25
0,4 bis 0,68
0,14
sehr hoch mit Schrammen
schwer angefressen
nach einer Stunde gering
poliert, kein Verschleiß
poliert, kein Verschleiß
poliert, kein Verschleiß
poliert, kein Verschleiß
40 Minuten Schrammen und Anfressung
starke Schrammen und Anfressungen
stark angefressen
angefressen
angefressen
starke Ausfressungen
angefressen
* Während der ganzen Prüfdauer schwankte der Reibungskoeffizient in unvoraussehbarer Weise und änderte sich innerhalb der angegebenen Grenzen.
Beispiel 3
Die beiden Prüfkörper bestanden aus Titan. Der Prüf stoff stellte eine Mischung von 70% Ceten und 30% Methyistearat dar. Zum Vergleich und als Kontrolle wurde ein Kohlenwasserstofföl, und zwar ein SAE-10-Spindelöl, unter den gleichen Bedingungen geprüft. Es zeigte sich, daß das Reibungskoeffizient bei Spindelöl in unvorliersehbarer Weise zwischen 0,56 und 0,68 schwankte. Der ruhende Prüfkörper war stark angefressen und zeigte nach einer Stunde Schrammen. Im Gegensatz hierzu belief sich bei Verwendung der Mischung von Ceten und Methyistearat der mittlere Reibungskoeffizient der Größenordnung nach nur auf 0,5 bis 0,6, und der ruhende Prüfkörper zeigte nur geringe Verschleißspuren.
Beispiel 4
Die beiden Prüfteile des Gerätes bestanden aus Leichtmetall, und als Schmiermittel diente eine Mischung von 50% Tetradecen-2 mit 30% Äthyltetradecyläther. Der Reibungskoeffizient war viel niedriger, und zwar um eine Größenordnung, und der Verschleiß erheblich geringer als bei Verwendung eines Schmiermittels das nur aus dem Äther oder nur aus dem Tetradecen besteht. Auch ist der Verschleiß viel geringer als bei Verwendung eines Kohlenwasserstofföls als Schmierstoff.

Claims (1)

  1. Patentanspruch:
    Mittel zum Schmieren von Metallflächen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es aus
    einer
    Form
    Mischung
    el
    von 5 biv s Olefins der 5 O O -O --. O oder O
    oder R[CR
    R'fCR
    - C — S -■ ■■ S
    O
    , 95 "„ eine CR"]R'
    CR"]R
    und 95 bis 50Z0 einer Verbindung mit der Formel Q-- X-Z
    besteht, worm R Wasserstoff oder Fluor. R' Wasserstoff. Fluor, Methyl, MonoHuormethyl. Difluormethyl oder Trifluormethvl und R" ein einwertiger, geradkettiger, gegebenenfalls Fluor enthaltender Alkylrest mit mindestens 8 Kohlenstoffatomen ist. X ist »5
    Z ein einwertiger, geradkettiger, gesättigter, aliphatischer, gegebenenfalls Fluor enthaltender Alkylrest mit mindestens Il Kohlenstoffatomen und Q ein geradkettiger Alkylrest mit 1 bis 3 Kohlenstoffatomen.
    — O
    In Betracht gezogene Druckschriften.
    Britische Patentschriften Nr. 700 814. 732 376;
    USA.-Patentschriften Nr. 2 514 625. 2 757 139,
    718 504.
    709 620'i7") 7.67 © Bundesdruckerei Berlin
DEG34691A 1961-04-10 1962-04-10 Schmiermittel fuer Metallflaechen Pending DE1246920B (de)

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US4225449A (en) * 1979-04-19 1980-09-30 Edwin Cooper, Inc. Lubricating oil and fuel compositions
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