DE1247523B - Schmiermittel fuer Metallflaechen - Google Patents

Schmiermittel fuer Metallflaechen

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Publication number
DE1247523B
DE1247523B DEG34690A DEG0034690A DE1247523B DE 1247523 B DE1247523 B DE 1247523B DE G34690 A DEG34690 A DE G34690A DE G0034690 A DEG0034690 A DE G0034690A DE 1247523 B DE1247523 B DE 1247523B
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
lubricant
carbon atoms
cetene
formula
fluorine
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
DEG34690A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Robert Stephen Owens
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
General Electric Co
Original Assignee
General Electric Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by General Electric Co filed Critical General Electric Co
Publication of DE1247523B publication Critical patent/DE1247523B/de
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • C10M111/00Lubrication compositions characterised by the base-material being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M101/00 - C10M109/00, each of these compounds being essential
    • C10M111/02Lubrication compositions characterised by the base-material being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M101/00 - C10M109/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being a non-macromolecular organic compound
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Description

BUNDESREPUBLIK DEUTSCHLAND
DEUTSCHES
PATENTAMT
AUSLEGESCHRIFT
Int. CL: ClOm «-,
Deutsche Kl.: 23 c-1/01
Nummer: J 247 523
Aktenzeichen: G 34690 IV c/23 c
Anmeldetag: 10. April 1962
Auslegetag: 17. August 1967
Das Schmieren von Metallflächen bietet mitunter erhebliche Schwierigkeiten, besonders bei hohen spezifischen Drücken, bei denen es entscheidend auf die Grenzschichten ankommt und eine Berührung von Metall auf Metall eintreten kann. Das gilt z. B. für den Fall eines Lagers, bevor sich in diesem ein hydrodynamischer Schmiermittelfilm bildet, oder auch für den Fall, in welchem neue Flächen entstehen, beispielsweise beim Ziehen von Draht durch ein Zieheisen hindurch oder bei der spanabhebenden Bearbeitung von Leichtmetall, etwa in einer Drehbank oder einer Stanzpresse, ferner bei der spanlosen Verarbeitung von Leichtmetall durch Pressen, Strangpressen, Spinnen, Kaltwalzen, Ziehen.
Es wurde nun gefunden, daß sich ein Schmiermittel bei hohen Drücken besonders bewährt, wenn es aus einer Mischung von 5 bis 95% eines Olefins der Formel
Schmiermittel für Mclallflächen
oder
R[CR = CR"]R'
R'[CR = CR"]R
Anmelder:
General Electric Company,
Schenectady, N. Y. (V. St. A.)
Vertreter:
Dipl.-Tng. M. Licht und Dr. R. Schmidt,
Patentanwälte, München 2, Theresienstr. 33
Als Erfinder benannt:
Robert Stephen Owens, Watervliet, N. Y.
(V. St. A.)
Beanspruchte Priorität:
V. St. v. Amerika vom 19. März 1962 (180 885)
und 95 bis 5% einer Verbindung der Formel
Q —X —Z
wobei R Wasserstoff oder Fluor, R' Wasserstoff, Fluor, Methyl, Monofluormethyl, Difluormethyl oder Trifluormethyl, R" ein geradkettiger, gegebenenfalls Fluor enthaltender Alkylrest mit mindestens 8 Kohlenstoffatomen, X eine
O O
— O—, —S—, —C—, —C —O—,
O O O
— O — C — O —, — S — und — S —Gruppe
O
Z ein ungesättigter aliphatischer Rest der Formel
I!
- (CH8), — CR = C — R'
in der R und R' die oben angegebene Bedeutung haben,
η = 0 oder 1 ist und Q ein geradkettiger Alkylrest mit 8 bis 10 Kohlenstoffatomen, wobei 8 Kohlenstoffatome jedoch nur in Frage kommen, wenn das Olefin mindestens 14 Kohlenstoffatome besitzt, besteht.
Besonders gut eignet sich dieses Schmiermittel für ein Leichtmetall, das mindestens 50% Aluminium enthält. Dem Mittel können bis zur vierfachen Menge andere Schmierstoffe zugesetzt werden, wie Mineralöle der erwünschten Viskosität, Schmierfette, Siliconöle, Diesterschmieröle, Polyesterschmieröle und Silicatesterschmieröle.
Es ergibt sich dabei eine erhebliche Verringerung des Reibungskoeffizienten, so daß die Neigung des Leichtmetalls zum Pressen ebenfalls verringert oder gänzlich beseitigt wird. Weiter hat es sich herausgestellt, daß bei Verwendung des neuen Schmierstoffs nicht nur die Schmierwirkung erheblich verbessert, sondern darüber hinaus die Aluminiumfläche bei ihrer Bewegung über die Gegenfläche auf Hochglanz poliert wird. Das führt aber zu einer weiteren Steigerung der Schmierwirkung des neuen Mittels.
Die Erfindung hat damit die Möglichkeit eröffnet, Lager und entsprechende Gleitflächen aus Leichtmetall zu fertigen. Bisher war das deshalb nicht möglieh, weil aus Aluminium oder Leichtmetall bestehende Gleitflächen zum Fressen neigen. Zwar hat man bestimmte Aluminiumverbindungen entwickelt, die für
709 637/604
Lager bestimmt waren. Die Verwendung solcher Legierungen für Lager erfordert aber erhebliche Zugeständnisse hinsichtlich des Lagerspiels, der Lebensdauer u. dgl., um einen einwandfreien Betrieb zu ermöglichen.
Ferner bietet der Schmierstoff nach der Erfindung die Möglichkeit, bei der spanlosen Bearbeitung von Leichtmetallen durch Ziehen, Spinnen. Strangpressen u. dgl. eine sehr hochwertige Oberflächenbeschaffenheit zu erzielen. Gelangt der Schmierstoff nach der Erfindung dabei unverdünnt zur Verwendung, so erhält das spanlos verformte Leichtmetall eine spiegelglatte Oberfläche. Bei Verwendung bekannter Schmiermittel war das nicht möglich.
Indessen eignet sich der neue Schmierstoff keineswegs nur zum Schmieren von Flächen, deren eine aus Leichtmetall besteht. Denn eine verbesserte Schmierwirkung ergibt sich auch, wenn die Flächen aus anderen festen Stoffen bestehen, die sich aufeinander bewegen. Besonders gilt dies für den Fall, daß eine dieser Flächen von einem metallischen Werkzeug gebildet wird und dementsprechend beispielsweise aus Stahl. Molybdän, Silber, Kupfer, Beryll, Wolfram. Magnesium, Titan. Zirkonium. Chrom. Nickel. Kobalt. Aluminium. Zinn oder Legierungen dieser Stoffe besieht. Dementsprechend kann ein neuer Schmierstoff bei legierten Werkzeugs)-ihlen. Messing, verschiedene!' Legierungen von Magnesium. Kobalt. Zinn. Zirkon. Beryll und risen Verwendung finden, z. B. bei rostfreiem Stiril. Die Gegenlläche kann aus dem gleichet! oder einem anderen Metall besteher» oiler .uicli aus iigendeinem anderen festen Stoff I licrfür konioit in frage: Hob. Polymerisate, geschichtete Steife. Sintermetalle. Graphit, mit Graphit durchsetzte Metalle. Lagermetalle. 7. B. Babbitt-Vletali. Meiallkarbide. Nitride
Zu den normale:! Verbindungen (im Gcgens-uz /u denjenigen mit sich verzweigenden Ketten), tue '.! !■· im Patentanspruch abgegebene Olefin darstellen, gehören Decen-I. Dodecen-l. Teiracieoen-l. Dodccc'i-2. Tei/a- «o decen-2. Pentadccen-I. I lexandccer.-l {Ceteit. Oetadeeen-1. Oeiadeeen-2. I -FluortenaeVecn-1. !.2-Difiuortetradecen-l. ί -!"luorliexadeccn · I. Triiluorhexauecen ■ i,1.1.2.2-Tetrafluorhcx.idecen-2 sowie Mischungen solcher Oleline.
Zu den. Gruppen, die Q bilden können, gehören z. B. n-Octyl. n-\onvl und n-Decvl. 7x\ 'Jen Radikalen, die Z bilden können, gehören z. B. Vinyl. »-Methylvinyl. Allyl. Methallyl. Crotyl. 2-Methallyl. 2-Metr.ylcroiy!. '.-Fluorvinvl. 4.4-Difiuorcrotvl. 3.3-Difiuor- so allyl'.
Die Stoffe der polaren Verbindung Q-X Z können beispielsweise durch die folgender Verbindungen dargestellt werden· Cotyl-acrvlal. Octylmetliacryl.it. Nonyl-acrylat. Nonvi-mcthacrv'at. Zh Dec\ l-acrylai. Decv l-sncthaerylut. Dccv l-crotoiat. Ociyi^-methyl-trotonat. Decyl- \-fluor-acry lat. Ottyli> ll\ l-ätiier. Decvl -crotyl-äther. Nonyl-all··l-suliid. Decy!-crotv i-su!fid, Decvl-ally I-keton, Octyl-allylthiokelon. Nonyl-crotyl- keton. Decv I-methallyl- fio Karbonat. Decvl-cioty I- karbonat, Dccyl-vinyl-karbonat. Dccyl-;;!lyl-sulf oxid. Dccv I-crotv I-sulf on. Octyl -allyl -äther. Nonv 1-2- methyl -crotyl -sulrid. Vinyl - pelargor.at. Allyl - caproat. Crotv! - iindccuiat, Allyl-pelargonat. p5
Obgleich das Mengeinerhaltnis der beiden Bestandteile in '.veiten Grenzen schwanken kann und eine erheblich verbesserte Schmierfähigkeit zwischen auleinander gleitenden Flächen bereits bei niedrigen Mengen des Olefins und der polaren Verbindung in der erfindungsgemäßen Mischung erzielt werden, empfiehlt es sich doch, bei der Wahl des Mischungsverhältnisses der beiden Anteile der Mischung, auch wenn sie als Zusatz für andere Schmierstoffe verwendet wird, eine bestimmte Regel einzuhalten. Das Mischungsverhältnis wird am besten so gewählt, daß die Mischung flüssig ist und erst unter der Zimmertemperatur, z. B. unter 15°C, fest wird. Denn dann läßt sich das Schmiermittel innerhalb eines weiten Temperaturbereiches verwenden. Im allgemeinen beträgt der Olefinanteil mindestens 30 Gewichtsprozent, bezogen auf das Gesamtgewicht der Mischung des Olefins mit der polaren Verbindung Q — X — Z. Dabei ergeben sich die größten Vorteile.
Bei der Wahl der Stoffe muß man darauf Rücksicht nehmen, daß sie sich leicht herstellen lassen, daß die für ihre Synthese erforderlichen Rohstoffe bequem zur Verfugung stehen und daß sich gute Schmierstoffeigenschaften auch bei Verwendung als Zusatz zu anderen Schmierstoffen ergeben. Zu diesem Zweck verwendet man vorzugsweise als olefinischen Anteil einen ungesättigten aliphatischen Kohlenwasserstoff, der eine gerade Kette mit 12 bis 20 Kohlenstoffatomen bildet, deren erste oder zweite Stelle olefinisch ungesättigt ist. Als anderer der Formel Q — X-Z entsprechender Bestandteil der Schmierinittelmischung nach der Erfindung wird vorzugsweise ein gesättigter, eine lange Kette bildender aüphatischer Ester einer ungesättigten aliphatischen Monokarbonsäurc gewählt, bei der das gesattigte aliphatisch·: Radikal Q 8 bis 10 Kohlenstoffatom!; enthält und der ungesättigte \nieii (— \'/.) vorzugsweise entweder das Acrylsäureradikal oder da< ''.""rotoPMUireiadika! darstellt.
Der Aggregat;lisi.iiid des Schmierstoffes nach der Irrfi.idii'ifl. der d;c oir· iangs angegebene Zusammensetzung hat. kann in weiten Grenzen schwanken, und /wir /wis.-hei fc~t und Pussi·.. Int festen 'Xggregat-/ust.ind eignet sich der Sclnn|crsioäT zur Auflösung in flüssigen Schmiermittel·!. Man erhält auf diese Weise flüssige Schmiermittel oder Schmierfette mit besonders günstigen F.igensehafton. die * on der Zusammensetzung und der Konzentration abhängen.
Will man eine fett art ige Konsistenz erreichen, so kann mii Füllstoffe zusetzen. Als solche kommen nicht reibend wirkende Stoffe wie Kieselsäuregel. Ruß. Kieselgur. MolybJansulfid. Zinnsulfid. Graphit oder auch Seifen in Frage. Durch Zusatz von Seifen erhält man eine gelartige Konsistenz. Man kann dafür Alkali oder Erdalkaliseifen oder Fettsäuren oder auch andere Seifen verwende:!, wie Zink-. Zinn-. Blei-. Kupferimd ähnliche Seifen der Fettsäuren verwenden. Ein besonders geeigneter fettariiger Schmierstoff ergibt sich bei Verwendung von Lithium-steanii oder Litiiium-!iydro\y-stearat.
Den Sclmiersioffniischungen nach der Erfindung kann man natürlich die üblichen Zusätze beifügen, die zur Erzielung besonderer eigenschaften üblich sind, wie beispielsweise die Bildung von sclv.uimverhindernden Mitteln. Stabilisatoren. Schutzstoffe, Oxydationsmittel.
Bei Prüfung des Schmiermittels mit Hilfe eines bekannten Geräts, in welchem zwei mit ebenen Flachen ancinandcrgedrückte Aluminiumkörper mit Bezug aufeinander umlaufen und das Reibungsdrehnioment gemessen wird, wurden die in der nachstehenden Tabelle aufgeführten Werte ermittelt.
Versuch
Schmiermittel
Mittlerer Reibungskoeffizient Oberflächenverschleiß
100% Ceten
Pflanzliches Öl
100°/o Decen-1
Decyl-acrylat
Octyl-acrylat
Allyl-pelargonat*
Decyl-methacrylat
70% Ceten
30% Decyl-acrylat
70% Decen-1
30% Decyl-acrylat
30% Ceten
70% Decyl-acrylat
70% Ceten
30% Octyl-acrylat
70% Ceten
30 % Allyl-pelargonat ...
70% Ceten
30% Decyl-methacrylat ..
70% Ceten*
30% Octylacetat
0,11 0,27 bis 0,38
0,14
0,20
0,30
0,32 bis >O,68 >O,68
0,07 bis 0,1
j 0,14 bis. 0,
17
0,17
0,12
0,18 bis 0,2 0,17 bis 0,21 j 0,15 bis 0,24 sehr hoher Verschleiß, starke Ausfressungen
starke Anfressungen
Schrammen Schrammen nach 30 Minuten
Anfressungen nach 30 Minuten
starke Anfressungen nach 30 Minuten
starke Anfressungen nach 30 Minuten
nach 5V2 Stunden geringer Verschleiß, polierte Oberfläche
sehr geringer Verschleiß, polierte Oberfläche
geringer Verschleiß, polierte Oberfläche
geringer Verschleiß, polierte Oberfläche
sehr geringer Verschleiß, polierte Oberfläche
sehr geringer Verschleiß, polierte Oberfläche
starker Verschleiß, Schrammen
* Während des ganzen Versuchs änderte sich der Reibungskoeffizient in nicht vorhersehbarer Weise innerhalb der angegebenen Grenzen.
In der folgenden Tabelle sind die Ergebnisse dargelegt, die bei Verwendung von aus rostfreiem Stahl bestehenden Körpern an Stelle der Aluminiumkörper ermittelt wurden.
Versuch
Schmiermittel
Reibungskoeffirient Oberflächenverschleiß
Bemerkungen
Decyl-acrylat .... 1-Ceten
30%Cetyl-acrylat 70% 1-Ceten
0,21 bis 0,4
0,21 bis 0,68
0,21
Schrammen
Schrammen und ein angefressener Oberflächenbereich
Polierte Oberfläche,
lediglich eine leichte
Schramme
Reibungskoeffizient betrug am Anfang 0,21 und stieg im Laufe von 100 Minuten allmählich auf 0,4 an
Reibungskoeffizient betrug
60 Minuten lang 0,21 und stieg dann sprungartig auf 0,68 an
Reibungskoeffizient blieb konstant
»Ceten« ist auch bekannt als Λ-Hexadecylen oder Hexadecen-1.
Wie diese Tabelle zeigt, liefert die bei den Versuchen 8 bis 13 verwendete erfindungsgemäße Mischung der beiden Komponenten viel bessere Werte als die Komponenten für sich allein oder bekannte Schmiermittel gemäß den Versuchen 1 bis 7.
Der Versuch 14 mit einer Mischung von Octylacetat und Ceten und der Versuch 2 mit einem Pflanzenöl zeigen, wie es sich auswirkt, wenn das Estermolekül keine ungesättigte Stelle aufweist oder vielfach ungesättigt ist. Dieses pflanzliche öl (insbesondere Maisöl) bestand im wesentlichen aus Glyceriden von Fettsäuren, welche die folgenden Säurereste enthielt:
34 bis 62 Gewichtsprozent Linolsäure, 19 bis 49 Gewichtsprozent Oleinsäure, 0,2 bis 1,6 Gewichtsprozent Hexadeconsäure, 8 bis 12 Gewichtsprozent Palmatinsäure und weniger als 5 Gewichtsprozent Myristin- und Stearinsäure.

Claims (1)

  1. Patentanspruch:
    Mittel zum Schmieren von Metallflächen, gekennzeichnet durch die Mischung von 5 bis 95 % eines Olefins der Formel
    oder R[CR = CR"]R'
    R'[CR = CR"]R
    I 247 523
    und 95 bis 5°/0 einer Verbindung der Formel
    Q _ χ _.. ζ
    wobei R Wasserstoff oder Fluor. R' W assers to Π". Fluor. Methyl. Monofluormetliyl. Difluormethyl oder Trifhiormethvl. R" ein geradkettiger. gegebenenfalls Fluor enthaltender Alk\lrest mit mindestens 8 Kohlenstoffatomen. X eine
    — Ο—. -S—. -C--. --C--Ο---, O O
    _Ο —C-O ---. - S--
    und
    — S-Gruppc.
    ;i
    Z ein ungesättigter aliphatischer Rest der Formel
    -(CI-I,),, - CR C-R'
    in der R und R' die oben angegebene Bedeutung haben. /? -= 0 oder 1 ist und Q ein geradkcttiger Alk>lrest mil 8 bis 10 Kohlenstoffatomen, wobei 8 Kolilenstoffatome jedoch nur in Frage kommen, wenn das Olefin mindestens 14 KohlenstofTatome enthalt.
DEG34690A 1962-03-19 1962-04-10 Schmiermittel fuer Metallflaechen Pending DE1247523B (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US180885A US3208941A (en) 1962-03-19 1962-03-19 Olefin-unsaturated ester lubricants

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
DE1247523B true DE1247523B (de) 1967-08-17

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Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3288715A (en) * 1963-10-24 1966-11-29 Gen Electric Fabricating aluminum products with olefin lubricants
US3499504A (en) * 1968-08-15 1970-03-10 Gen Electric Lubricated movable and interacting components for use in machines and a method for forming and breaking in such components
US4392753A (en) * 1979-10-03 1983-07-12 Permawick Bearing Corporation Cartridge bearing assembly
US5716911A (en) * 1990-10-26 1998-02-10 Virginia Tech Intellectual Property, Inc. Method for reducing friction and wear of rubbing surfaces using anti-wear compounds in gaseous phase
US5851964A (en) * 1997-01-31 1998-12-22 Virginia Tech Intellectual Properties, Inc. Wear reduction using cyclic amide compounds
US6136759A (en) * 1998-01-29 2000-10-24 Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd. Additive composition
CN112920883A (zh) * 2021-03-02 2021-06-08 上海霁望新材料科技有限公司 一种极压抗磨锂基脂的制备方法

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US2204597A (en) * 1937-02-23 1940-06-18 Standard Oil Co Compounded lubricant
US2257969A (en) * 1939-05-18 1941-10-07 Standard Oil Co Lubricant
US2500165A (en) * 1949-04-08 1950-03-14 Socony Vacuum Oil Co Inc Synthetic lubricants
US2659252A (en) * 1952-05-09 1953-11-17 Aluminum Co Of America Fabrication of light metals
US3076791A (en) * 1960-09-01 1963-02-05 Exxon Research Engineering Co Lubricating oil additives obtained by shearing a polymer and a monomer

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