DE1103363B - Method and device for generating a balanced cold budget when extracting gas mixtures and / or gas mixture components under higher pressure by rectification - Google Patents

Method and device for generating a balanced cold budget when extracting gas mixtures and / or gas mixture components under higher pressure by rectification

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Publication number
DE1103363B
DE1103363B DEG25369A DEG0025369A DE1103363B DE 1103363 B DE1103363 B DE 1103363B DE G25369 A DEG25369 A DE G25369A DE G0025369 A DEG0025369 A DE G0025369A DE 1103363 B DE1103363 B DE 1103363B
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
gas
pressure
heat exchanger
line
rectification
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
DEG25369A
Other languages
German (de)
Inventor
Fritz Jakob
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Linde GmbH
Original Assignee
Gesellschaft fuer Lindes Eismaschinen AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Gesellschaft fuer Lindes Eismaschinen AG filed Critical Gesellschaft fuer Lindes Eismaschinen AG
Priority to DEG25369A priority Critical patent/DE1103363B/en
Priority to GB32096/59A priority patent/GB903462A/en
Priority to US841749A priority patent/US3083544A/en
Priority to FR805815A priority patent/FR1250454A/en
Publication of DE1103363B publication Critical patent/DE1103363B/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/0228—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream
    • F25J3/0276—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream separation of H2/N2 mixtures, i.e. of ammonia synthesis gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/0204—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the feed stream
    • F25J3/0219—Refinery gas, cracking gas, coke oven gas, gaseous mixtures containing aliphatic unsaturated CnHm or gaseous mixtures of undefined nature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/0204—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the feed stream
    • F25J3/0223—H2/CO mixtures, i.e. synthesis gas; Water gas or shifted synthesis gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
    • F25J3/04078—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit providing pressurized products by liquid compression and vaporisation with cold recovery, i.e. so-called internal compression
    • F25J3/0409—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit providing pressurized products by liquid compression and vaporisation with cold recovery, i.e. so-called internal compression of oxygen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
    • F25J3/04284—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams
    • F25J3/0429—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams of feed air, e.g. used as waste or product air or expanded into an auxiliary column
    • F25J3/04303—Lachmann expansion, i.e. expanded into oxygen producing or low pressure column
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
    • F25J3/04333—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using quasi-closed loop internal vapor compression refrigeration cycles, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams
    • F25J3/04339—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using quasi-closed loop internal vapor compression refrigeration cycles, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams of air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
    • F25J3/04333—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using quasi-closed loop internal vapor compression refrigeration cycles, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams
    • F25J3/04351—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using quasi-closed loop internal vapor compression refrigeration cycles, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams of nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04406—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using a dual pressure main column system
    • F25J3/04412—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using a dual pressure main column system in a classical double column flowsheet, i.e. with thermal coupling by a main reboiler-condenser in the bottom of low pressure respectively top of high pressure column
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04521—Coupling of the air fractionation unit to an air gas-consuming unit, so-called integrated processes
    • F25J3/04563—Integration with a nitrogen consuming unit, e.g. for purging, inerting, cooling or heating
    • F25J3/04587—Integration with a nitrogen consuming unit, e.g. for purging, inerting, cooling or heating for the NH3 synthesis, e.g. for adjusting the H2/N2 ratio
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04521—Coupling of the air fractionation unit to an air gas-consuming unit, so-called integrated processes
    • F25J3/04612—Heat exchange integration with process streams, e.g. from the air gas consuming unit
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2205/00—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means
    • F25J2205/02—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means using simple phase separation in a vessel or drum
    • F25J2205/04—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means using simple phase separation in a vessel or drum in the feed line, i.e. upstream of the fractionation step
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2205/00—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means
    • F25J2205/24—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means using regenerators, cold accumulators or reversible heat exchangers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2205/00—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means
    • F25J2205/30—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means using a washing, e.g. "scrubbing" or bubble column for purification purposes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2245/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams
    • F25J2245/40—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams the recycled stream being air

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Emergency Medicine (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung eines ausgeglichenen Kältehaushaltes bei der Gewinnung von unter höherem Druck stellenden Gasgemischen und/oder Gasgemischkomponenten durch Rektifikation von einem oder mehreren Gasgemischen und Entnahme in flüssigem Niederdruckzustand und Versetzung in den gasförmigen Mittel- oder Hochdruckzustand mit etwa Umgebungstemperatur, wobei eine Gasmenge (Luft, N2) der Vorrektifikation entnommen und im Gegenstrom zu einströmendem Gasgemisch (Luft) angewärmt wird. Bekannte \^erfahren zur Erzeugung eines ausgeglichenen Kältehaushaltes bei der Gewinnung von unter höherem Druck stehendem Sauerstoff durch Rektifikation von Luft und Entnahme in flüssigem Zustand und Versetzung in den gasförmigen, etwa auf Umgebungsluft temperierten Druckzustand verdichten eine der Vor rektifikation entnommene und in den Wärmeaustauschern für die einströmende Luft im Gegenstrom wiedererwärmte Gasmenge auf hohen Druck, bevor dieselbe dem flüssigen, auf höheren Druck gepumpten Sauerstoff zu dessen Verdampfung und Erwärmung zugeleitet und anschließend nach gegebenenfalls weiterem Wärmeaustausch und nach einer Entspannung in die Vor- oder in die Niederdruckrektifikation übergeführt wird. Für diese Verfahren ist die Anordnung von Hochdruckkompressoren für die Gasmenge erforderlich, woraus sich als besonders nachteilige Folge ihre Verunreinigung durch Öl und Feuchtigkeit ergibt. Außerdem sind derartige Hochdruckkompressoren in Anschaffung und Betrieb teuer.The invention relates to a method and a device for generating a balanced cold balance when extracting gas mixtures and / or gas mixture components under higher pressure by rectifying one or more gas mixtures and removing them in the liquid low-pressure state and shifting them to the gaseous medium or high pressure state at approximately ambient temperature , whereby an amount of gas (air, N 2 ) is taken from the pre-rectification and warmed in countercurrent to the gas mixture (air) flowing in. Known \ ^ experienced to generate a balanced cold balance in the production of higher pressure oxygen by rectification of air and extraction in the liquid state and shifting into the gaseous pressure state, for example, at ambient air, compressing a pre-rectification taken from the pre-rectification and in the heat exchangers for the Inflowing air in countercurrent rewarmed amount of gas to high pressure before it is fed to the liquid oxygen pumped to higher pressure for its evaporation and heating and then, after possibly further heat exchange and after expansion, is transferred to pre- or low-pressure rectification. For these methods, the arrangement of high-pressure compressors for the amount of gas is required, which results in their contamination by oil and moisture as a particularly disadvantageous consequence. In addition, such high pressure compressors are expensive to purchase and operate.

Diese Nachteile werden gemäß der Erfindung dadurch vermieden, daß die angewärmte Gasmenge durch Verdampfung und Erwärmung der flüssigen, auf höheren. Druck gepumpten Komponente (O2) im Wärmeaustausch abgekühlt und nach Ausscheidung und Rückführung der dabei verflüssigten Bestandteile einer Teilerwärmung und anschließenden arbeitsleistenden Entspannung zugeführt wird.These disadvantages are avoided according to the invention that the heated amount of gas by evaporation and heating of the liquid, to higher. The pressure-pumped component (O 2 ) is cooled in heat exchange and, after the elimination and return of the liquefied components, is supplied to a partial heating and subsequent work-performing relaxation.

Damit wird der Vorteil erzielt, daß die der Vorrektifikation entnommene Gasmenge ohne Druckerhöhung im Wärmeaustauch zu der auf höheren Druck gepumpten Komponente gebracht und nach Teilerwärmung arbeitsleistend entspannt wird. Die Gasmenge bleibt also sauber und benötigt keine weitere Behandlung. Für das Verfahren ist es nicht besonders wichtig, wohin die entspannte Gasmenge geleitet wird. Sie kann der Niederdruckrektifikation zugeführt oder zumindest teilweise, gegebenenfalls nach weiterem Wärmeaustausch in Gegenströmern mit Produktionsgas, nach Erwärmung in den Regeneratoren abgeführt werden. Die Teilerwärmung der Gasmenge vor der arbeitsleistenden Entspannung kann imThis has the advantage that the amount of gas withdrawn from the pre-rectification without increasing the pressure brought in heat exchange to the component pumped to higher pressure and after partial heating is relaxed while doing work. The amount of gas remains clean and does not need any more Treatment. For the process, it is not particularly important where the expanded amount of gas is directed will. You can be fed to the low-pressure rectification or at least partially, if necessary after further Heat exchange in countercurrents with production gas, removed after heating in the regenerators will. The partial heating of the amount of gas before the work-performing expansion can be done in

Verfahren und VorrichtungMethod and device

zur Erzeugung eines ausgeglichenento produce a balanced

Kältehaushaltes bei der Gewinnung vonCold balance in the extraction of

unter höherem Druck stehenden
Gasgemischen und/oder Gasgemischkomponenten durch Rektifikationare under higher pressure
Gas mixtures and / or gas mixture components by rectification

Anmelder:Applicant:

Gesellschaft für Linde's EismaschinenSociety for Linde's ice machines

Aktiengesellschaft,Corporation,

Zweigniederlassung Höllriegelskreuth,
Höllriegelskreuth bei MünchenBranch office Höllriegelskreuth,
Höllriegelskreuth near Munich

Fritz Jakob, Pullach, bei München,
ist als Erfinder genannt wordenFritz Jakob, Pullach, near Munich,
has been named as the inventor

Wärmeaustausch mit einer verdichteten Gasmenge eines geschlossenen oder offenen Mitteldruckkreislaufes erfolgen. Die die Teilerwärmung der zur arbeitsleistenden Entspannung bestimmten Gasmenge bewirkende Gasmenge wird in ihrem Druck reduziert und der Rektifikation zugeführt. Eine Mitteldruckverdichtung mit einer vorherigen Anwärmung und nachträglichen Wiederabkühlung der Gasmenge im Gegenstrom zu sich selbst ergibt dabei einen geschlossenen Mitteldruckkreislauf. Wird jedoch die die Teilerwärmung der zur arbeitsleistenden Entspannung bestimmten Gasmenge bewirkende Gasmenge auf einen sich zur Gewinnung eines unter höherem Druck stehenden Gasgemisches eignenden Druck verdichtet, verflüssigt, vorzugsweise im Wärmeaustausch gegen Restgas aus der Gaszerlegung unterkühlt, der Rektifikation und Waschung dieses Gasgemisches zugeführt und mit dem gewaschenen Gasgemisch vermischt, so ist ein Beispiel eines offenen Mitteldruckkreislaufes gegeben. Derartige Mitteldruckkreisläufe, bei denen der Druck 30 atü kaum erreicht oder übersteigt, sind wegen der Verwendungsmöglichkeit von Trockenlaufverdichtern besonders vorteilhaft, da das zu verdichtende Gas nicht verunreinigt wird und demzufolge keine Nachbehandlung erforderlich ist. Mit einem offenen Mitteldruckkreislauf kann jedoch eine Verlagerung von Kältemenge verbunden sein, so daß zu ihrer Rückführung aus der Rektifikation des einenHeat exchange with a compressed amount of gas in a closed or open medium pressure circuit take place. The partial heating of the gas quantity determined for the work-performing expansion The amount of gas causing the gas is reduced in pressure and fed to the rectification. A medium pressure compression with prior heating and subsequent re-cooling of the amount of gas in the Countercurrent to itself results in a closed medium pressure circuit. However, if the the Partial heating of the gas amount intended for work-performing expansion causing gas amount to one compresses or liquefies a pressure suitable for obtaining a gas mixture under higher pressure, preferably supercooled in the heat exchange against residual gas from gas separation, rectification and washing of this gas mixture supplied and mixed with the washed gas mixture, see above an example of an open medium pressure circuit is given. Such medium pressure circuits in which the pressure hardly reaches or exceeds 30 atm because of the possibility of using dry-running compressors particularly advantageous because the gas to be compressed is not contaminated and consequently no follow-up treatment is required. With an open medium pressure circuit, however, a shift can occur be connected by quantity of cold, so that to their return from the rectification of the one

109 538/115109 538/115

Gasgemisches zu der des anderen Gasgemisches der Vorrektifikation des letzteren Gasgemisches eine Gasmenge entnommen, im indirekten Wärmeaustausch gegen das sich durch Zuführung eines Teiles der die Teilervvärmung durchführenden und verflüssigten Gasmenge bildende Gasgemisch verflüssigt und der Vorrektifikation wieder zugeführt wird. Eine weitere Möglichkeit des Austausches von Kältemenge zwischen den zwei je einer Rektifikation unterworfenen Gasgemischen besteht darin, daß die restliche Erwärmung der auf höheren Druck gebrachten Komponente und die Vorkühlung des unter höherem Druck stehenden, zu zerlegenden Gasgemisches im gegenseitigen Wärmeaustausch, aus Gründen der Feuergefährlichkeit und der Explosionsgefahr jedoch vorzugsweise durch Zwischenschaltung eines Solekreislaufes, erfolgen. Gas mixture to that of the other gas mixture of the pre-rectification of the latter gas mixture an amount of gas taken, in indirect heat exchange against that by supplying a part of the Partial heating performing and liquefied gas quantity forming liquefied gas mixture and the Pre-rectification is supplied again. Another way of exchanging amount of cold between of the two gas mixtures each subjected to rectification is that the remaining heating the higher pressure component and the pre-cooling of the higher pressure component, Gas mixture to be broken down in mutual heat exchange, for reasons of fire hazard and the risk of explosion, however, preferably take place through the interposition of a brine circuit.

In den Zeichnungen sind Ausführungsbeispiele des Gegenstandes der Erfindung dargestellt.In the drawings, exemplary embodiments of the subject matter of the invention are shown.

Fig. 1 zeigt die wesentlichen Bestandteile einer Apparatur zur Luftzerlegung mit einer Eintrittsleitung 1 für auf etwa 5,3 bis 6,5 atü verdichtete Luft, periodisch umschaltbaren Regeneratoren 2 zur Abkühlung der einströmenden Luft, einer Verbindungsleitung 3 zum Sumpf einer Rektifikationskolonne 4 mit einer Drucksäule 5, einer Niederdrucksäule 6 und einem Kondensator 7. einer Leitung 8 für verflüssigtes Gasgemisch mit einem Entspannungsventil 9 vom .Sumpf der Drucksäule 5 zu der Niederdrucksäule 6, einer Leitung 10 für flüssigen Stickstoff mit einem Entspannungsventil 11 von der Druckseite des Kondensators 7 zum Kopf der Niederdrucksäule 6 und einem eingeschalteten Gegenströmer 12, einer gleichfalls durch diesen laufenden Entnahmeleitung 13 zu den Regeneratoren 2, einem in diese zwischengeschalteten weiteren Gegenströmer 14, einer Austrittsleitung 15 für erzeugten Stickstoff, einer Entnahmeleitung 16 für flüssigen Sauerstoff aus dem Niederdruckteil des Kondensators 7, einer Flüssiggaspumpe 17 zum Pumpen des Sauerstoffs auf den gewünschten höheren Druck, einer Druckleitung 18 zu einem Gegenströmer 19, in dem der verflüssigte, auf höheren Druck gepumpte Sauerstoff angewärmt wird, und einer Sauerstoffleitung 20. Ergänzt wird die Apparatur durch eine Entnahmeleitung 21 aus der Drucksäule 5 zu den Regeneratoren 2 zur Entnahme und Anwärmung von Luft aus der Drucksäule, Anwärmspiralen 22 in den Regeneratoren 2, eine Leitung 23 zu dem Gegenströmer 19, einen nachgeordneten Flüssigkeitsabscheider 24 mit einer Kondensatrückführungsleitung 25 und einer Gasleitung 26 in einen Wärmeaustauscher 27. dessen Gegenflächen unter einem Mitteldruck stehen, eine Zuleitung 28, eine Turbine 29 und eine Ableitung 30 mit einer Zweigleitung 31. Weitere Teile sind eine Entnahmeleitung 32 für Luft aus der Drucksäule, ein Gegenströmer 33 zur Anwärmung dieser Luft, eine Leitung 34, ein Trockenlaufverdichter 35 mit nachgeordneter Nachkühlung, eine Leitung 36 zum Gegenströmer 33 zur Abkühlung der auf Mitteldruck verdichteten Luft, eine Leitung 37 zum Wärmeaustauscher 27 zur Teilerwärmung der arbeitsleistend zu entspannenden Luft, eine Abführungsleitung 38 mit einem Entspannungsventil 39 zur Leitung 3 und in die Drucksäule 5. Schließlich ist noch eine Zwischenleitung 40 mit einem Ventil 41 zwischen den Leitungen 21 und 26 zur eventuellen Überführung von Druckluft vorgesehen.Fig. 1 shows the essential components of an apparatus for air separation with an inlet line 1 for air compressed to about 5.3 to 6.5 atmospheres, Periodically switchable regenerators 2 for cooling the inflowing air, a connecting line 3 to the bottom of a rectification column 4 with a pressure column 5, a low pressure column 6 and a condenser 7. a line 8 for liquefied Gas mixture with an expansion valve 9 from the bottom of the pressure column 5 to the low pressure column 6, a line 10 for liquid nitrogen with an expansion valve 11 from the pressure side of the condenser 7 to the head of the low-pressure column 6 and an activated countercurrent 12, one likewise through this running extraction line 13 to the regenerators 2, one in between them further countercurrent 14, an outlet line 15 for generated nitrogen, a removal line 16 for liquid oxygen from the low pressure part of the condenser 7, a liquid gas pump 17 for pumping of the oxygen to the desired higher pressure, a pressure line 18 to a countercurrent 19, in which the liquefied oxygen, which is pumped to a higher pressure, is warmed up, and an oxygen line 20. The apparatus is supplemented by a withdrawal line 21 from the pressure column 5 to the Regenerators 2 for removing and heating air from the pressure column, heating spirals 22 in the Regenerators 2, a line 23 to the counterflow 19, a downstream liquid separator 24 with a condensate return line 25 and a gas line 26 into a heat exchanger 27. Whose opposing surfaces are under a medium pressure, a supply line 28, a turbine 29 and a Drain line 30 with a branch line 31. Other parts are a removal line 32 for air from the pressure column, a counterflow 33 for heating this air, a line 34, a dry-running compressor 35 with downstream aftercooling, a line 36 to the countercurrent 33 for cooling the to medium pressure compressed air, a line 37 to the heat exchanger 27 for partial heating of the work-performing to be relaxed air, a discharge line 38 with a relief valve 39 to line 3 and into the Pressure column 5. Finally, there is an intermediate line 40 with a valve 41 between the lines 21 and 26 provided for the eventual transfer of compressed air.

Der durch die Teile 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38 und 39 dargestellte Mitteldruckkreislauf, der durch die Fortsetzung in den Teilen 3, 5 und 21 in sich geschlossen ist, ist angeordnet, weil die Regeneratoren 2 mit einem Austrittsüberschuß arbeiten, so daß in ihnen kein für die Anwärmung der in der Turbine 29 zu entspannenden Luft nutzbarer Wärmeüberschuß zur Verfügung steht. Die Teilerwärmung der in der Turbine 29 zu entspannenden Luft wird daher in dem in den Mitteldruckkreislauf eingeschalteten Gegenströmer 27 durch Übernahme der Verflüssigungswärme aus der im Mitteldruckkreislauf geführten The medium pressure circuit represented by the parts 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38 and 39, which is through the Continuation in parts 3, 5 and 21 is self-contained, is arranged because the regenerators 2 work with an excess outlet so that no heating in the turbine 29 Excess heat that can be used for relaxing air is available. The partial heating in the Turbine 29 to be expanded air is therefore switched on in the countercurrent in the medium pressure circuit 27 by taking over the condensation heat from the medium-pressure circuit

ίο Luftmenge vorgenommen. Falls die aus dem Flüssigkeitsabscheider 24 austretende Luftmenge nicht ausreicht, um bei der nach der Teilerwärmung erfolgenden arbeitsleistenden Entspannung die benötigte Kälte zu erzeugen, wird sie durch Zumischung von Drucksäulenluft über die Zwischenleitung 40 und das Ventil 41 ausreichend vergrößert. Durch die Leitung 30 wird ein (meist kleiner) Teil der entspannten Luft in die Niederdrucksäule eingeblasen, ein (meist größerer) Teil wird über die Zweigleitung 31 dem durch dieίο Air volume made. If the one from the liquid separator 24 the amount of air escaping is not sufficient for the after partial heating work-performing relaxation to generate the required cold, it is done by adding pressure column air Sufficiently enlarged via the intermediate line 40 and the valve 41. Through the line 30 is a (mostly small) part of the relaxed air is blown into the low-pressure column, a (mostly larger) Part is through the branch line 31 by the

ao Leitung 13 abziehenden Stickstoff beigemischt.ao line 13 withdrawing nitrogen admixed.

Fig. 2 zeigt eine Abweichung in der Anordnung des Mitteldruckkreislaufes, da statt eines Mitteldruckkreislaufes für Luft aus der Drucksäule ein geschlossener Mitteldruckkreislauf für Stickstoff aus der Drucksäule angeordnet ist. Durch die Leitung 51 wird dem Kondensator 7 der Drucksäule 5 Stickstoff entnommen, im Wärmeaustauscher 52 angewärmt, durch die Leitung 53 dem Mitteldrucktrockenlaufverdichter 54 zugeführt, nachgekühlt, durch die Leitung 55 in dem Wärmeaustauscher 52 im Gegenstrom zu sich selbst abgekühlt, durch die Leitung 56 dem Gegenströmer 27 zur Verflüssigung zugeleitet, wobei die Teilerwärmung der zu entspannenden Luft vorgenommen wird, und durch die Leitung 57 und das Entspannungsventil 58 wieder in die Drucksäule 5 zurückgeführt. Fig. 2 shows a deviation in the arrangement of the medium pressure circuit, since instead of a medium pressure circuit for air from the pressure column a closed medium pressure circuit for nitrogen from the Pressure column is arranged. Nitrogen is removed from the condenser 7 of the pressure column 5 through the line 51, warmed in the heat exchanger 52, through the line 53 to the medium pressure dry running compressor 54 supplied, after-cooled, through line 55 in the heat exchanger 52 in countercurrent to itself cooled itself, passed through the line 56 to the countercurrent 27 for liquefaction, the Partial heating of the air to be expanded is made, and through the line 57 and the expansion valve 58 returned to the pressure column 5 again.

Das Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Fig. 3 zeigt die Verbindung einer Luftzerlegungsanlage 61 zur Erzeugung von unter höherem Druck stehendem Sauerstoff und unter Druck stehendem Stickstoff mit einer Gaszerlegungsanlage 62 zur Erzeugung von Ammoniaksynthesegas aus Konvertgas, das aus Wasserstoff. Stickstoff, Kohlenoxyd und Methan besteht. Der Sauerstoff soll unter einem Druck von etwa 40 Atm.The embodiment according to FIG. 3 shows the connection of an air separation plant 61 for generation of pressurized oxygen and pressurized nitrogen with a Gas separation plant 62 for generating ammonia synthesis gas from converting gas, which is made from hydrogen. Consists of nitrogen, carbon dioxide and methane. The oxygen should be under a pressure of about 40 atm.

geliefert werden, der Stickstoff soll auf den Druck des Rohgases gebracht werden, das sind etwa 25 Atm. Zur Erwärmung des Turbinengases dient der Stickstoff, der sowieso in die Gasanlage übergeführt werden muß, also der Produktionsstickstoff. Der Produktionsstickstoff wird in der Leitung 63 aus der Drucksäule 5 entnommen, in Spiralen 64 der einströmenden Luft entgegengeführt und dabei erwärmt, außerhalb des Zerlegungsapparates mittels eines Trockenlaufkompressors 65 auf ungefähr 25 atü verdichtet und tritt nach Rückkühlung in einem nicht gezeichneten Nachkühler im Gegenstrom mit aus der Gasanlage kommendem Restgas und mit Wasserstoff-Stickstoff-Gemisch in Wärmeaustausch. Er wird dabei ungefähr bis zu seinem Verflüssigungsbeginn in den Gegenströmern 66 und 67 abgekühlt und dann in dem Gegenströmer 68 verflüssigt, wobei er seine Verflüssigungswärme an die in der Turbine 29 zu entspannende Luft abgibt. Dieser nun im Gegenströmer 68 verflüssigte Stickstoff wird im Gegenströmer 69 etwas gegen das Restgas unterkühlt und gelangt nun durch die Leitung 70 in flüssigem Zustand in die Anlage 62, wo der eine Teil zur Waschung in der Waschsäule 71 verwendet, der andere Teil direkt in das Wasserstoff-Stickstoff-Gemisch in 72 eingespeist wird. Der Anlage 62 ist also auf diesem Weg eine große MengeThe nitrogen should be brought to the pressure of the raw gas, that is about 25 atm. The nitrogen, which is transferred to the gas system anyway, is used to heat the turbine gas must, so the production nitrogen. The production nitrogen is in line 63 from the pressure column 5 removed, guided in spirals 64 of the inflowing air and heated in the process, outside of the dismantling apparatus is compressed to approximately 25 atmospheres using a dry-running compressor 65 and After recooling in an aftercooler (not shown), it emerges from the gas system in countercurrent coming residual gas and with a hydrogen-nitrogen mixture in heat exchange. He'll be doing about it until it begins to liquefy in the countercurrents 66 and 67 cooled and then in the Countercurrent 68 liquefied, whereby it transfers its heat of liquefaction to that in the turbine 29 to be expanded Gives off air. This nitrogen, which is now liquefied in the countercurrent 68, is somewhat countercurrent in the countercurrent 69 the residual gas is supercooled and now passes through the line 70 in the liquid state into the system 62, where one part is used for washing in the washing column 71, the other part directly into the hydrogen-nitrogen mixture is fed into 72. So the attachment 62 is a large amount on this path

flüssigen Stickstoffes zugeführt worden, mehr als sie zur Deckung ihrer Kälteverluste braucht. Es muß der Anlage 62 also wieder eine entsprechende Menge Flüssigkeit entnommen werden, um ihren Kältehaushalt auszugleichen. Zu diesem Zweck wird der Drucksäule 5 gasförmiger Stickstoff entnommen und dem Gegenströmer 72 zugeführt. In diesem Gegenströmer 72 wird der der Drucksäule 5 entstammende Stickstoff im Wärmeaustausch mit dem im Wasserstoffgemisch verdampfenden flüssigen Stickstoff verflüssigt und läuft der Anlage 61 wieder zu. Damit ist die Kälte, die der flüssige Stickstoff aus dem Gegenströmer 69 der Anlage 62 zugeführt hat, zum größten Teil wieder in die Anlage 61 zurückgeströmt und in der Anlage 62 nur so viel verblieben, wie zur Deckung ihrer Kälte-Verluste benötigt wird. In den Gegenströmern 73 und 74 wird im Gegenstrom zu durch die Leitung 75 austretendem Wasserstoff-Stickstoff-Gemisch das Rohgas abgekühlt.liquid nitrogen has been supplied, more than it needs to cover its cold losses. It has to be System 62 so again a corresponding amount of liquid can be withdrawn to their cold balance balance. For this purpose, gaseous nitrogen is removed from the pressure column 5 and the Countercurrent 72 supplied. The nitrogen originating from the pressure column 5 is in this countercurrent flow 72 liquefied in heat exchange with the liquid nitrogen evaporating in the hydrogen mixture and runs to the system 61 again. This is the cold that the liquid nitrogen exits from the countercurrent 69 to the system 62, for the most part flowed back into the system 61 and into the system 62 only as much remained as is needed to cover their cold losses. In the countercurrents 73 and 74 is the crude gas in countercurrent to the hydrogen-nitrogen mixture exiting through line 75 cooled down.

Das Rohgas kommt in einer Leitung 76 an und wird in dem Gegenströmer 73 auf etwa +50C abgekühlt und das dabei auskondensierende Wasser in dem Abscheider 77 ausgeschieden. In dem nachfolgenden Gegenströmer 74 wird das Gas auf etwa — 500C abgekühlt. Es gelangt dann in einen Geltrockner 78 und von dort aus in die Gegenströmer 79 und 80, den warmen, 79, und den kalten Ast 80. Aus dem kalten Ast wird es in das Verdampfungsgefäß 81 übergeführt, in dem es mit Hilfe von drucklos verdampfendem, flüssigem Stickstoff oder Restgas auf eine konstante Temperatur von ungefähr 85° K abgekühlt wird. Mit dieser Temperatur kommt das Rohgas dann durch die Leitung 82 in die Waschsäule 71 und wird hier in reines Wasserstoff-Stickstoff-Gemisch verwandelt. Die ausgewaschenen Bestandteile verlassen die Waschsäule 71 am Sumpf 83 als Restgas in flüssiger Form durch die Leitung 84. Dieses flüssige Restgas wird teilweise in das Verdampfungsgefäß 81 eingespeist und dient dort zur Kühlung des Rohgases, ein anderer Teil gelangt in flüssiger Form in die Anlage 61 und wird dort im Gegenströmer 69 und im Gegenströmer 66 gegen eintretenden Mitteldruckstickstoff verdampft und angewärmt. Das angewärmte Restgas verläßt in der Leitung 85 die Anlage 61. Um die in dem Sauerstoff nach Durchtritt durch den Wärmeaustauscher 19 noch enthaltene Kälte auszunutzen, ist zwischen der Sauerstoff leitung 20 und den Gegenströmern 73 und 74 der Anlage 62 ein Solekreislauf 86 zwischengeschaltet. Dieser Solekreislauf 86 überträgt die in dem Sauerstoff noch enthaltene Kälte über den Wärmeaustauscher 87 auf das Rohgas und dient somit zur Vorkühlung des Rohgases. Weil bei diesem Verfahren des Niederdruckwärmeaustausches der verdichtete Sauerstoff verhältnismäßig kalt den Gegenströmer 19 verläßt, läßt sich der große Kältevorrat ausnutzen und eine sonst erforderliche, Energie benötigende Ammoniakkühlung einsparen.The raw gas arrives in a line 76 and is cooled in the counterflow 73 to about +5 0 C and excreted thereby condenses out the water in the separator 77th In the subsequent countercurrent 74 the gas is cooled to about - 50 0 C cooled. It then passes into a gel dryer 78 and from there into the countercurrents 79 and 80, the warm, 79, and the cold branch 80. From the cold branch it is transferred into the evaporation vessel 81, in which it is evaporated with the help of pressureless, liquid nitrogen or residual gas is cooled to a constant temperature of approximately 85 ° K. At this temperature, the raw gas then comes through the line 82 into the scrubbing column 71 and is here converted into a pure hydrogen-nitrogen mixture. The washed-out components leave the scrubbing column 71 at the sump 83 as residual gas in liquid form through the line 84. This residual liquid gas is partially fed into the evaporation vessel 81 and is used there to cool the raw gas; is there in the countercurrent 69 and 66 in the countercurrent evaporated against incoming medium-pressure nitrogen and warmed. The heated residual gas leaves the system 61 in line 85. In order to utilize the cold still contained in the oxygen after passing through the heat exchanger 19, a brine circuit 86 is interposed between the oxygen line 20 and the countercurrents 73 and 74 of the system 62. This brine circuit 86 transfers the cold still contained in the oxygen via the heat exchanger 87 to the raw gas and thus serves to precool the raw gas. Because in this process of low-pressure heat exchange the compressed oxygen leaves the countercurrent flow 19 relatively cold, the large cold store can be used and the ammonia cooling otherwise required, which requires energy, can be saved.

Claims (12)

Patentansprüche: 60Claims: 60 1. Verfahren zur Erzeugung eines ausgeglichenen Kältehaushaltes bei der Gewinnung von unter höherem Druck stehenden Gasgemischen und/oder Gasgemischkomponenten durch Rektifikation von einem oder mehreren Gasgemischen und Entnahme in flüssigem Niederdruckzustand und Versetzung in den gasförmigen Mittel- oder Hochdruckzustand mit etwa Umgebungstemperatur, wobei eine Gasmenge (Luft, N2) der Vorrektifikation entnommen und im Gegenstrom zu einströmendem Gasgemisch (Luft) angewärmt wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die angewärmte Gasmenge durch Verdampfung und Erwärmung der flüssigen, auf höheren Druck gepumpten Komponente (O2) im Wärmeaustausch abgekühlt und nach Ausscheidung und Rückführung der dabei verflüssigten Bestandteile einer Teilerwärmung und anschließenden arbeitsleistenden Entspannung zugeführt wird.1. A method for generating a balanced cold balance when extracting gas mixtures and / or gas mixture components under higher pressure by rectifying one or more gas mixtures and removing them in a liquid low-pressure state and shifting them to the gaseous medium or high pressure state at around ambient temperature, whereby a gas quantity ( Air, N 2 ) is removed from the pre-rectification and heated in countercurrent to the gas mixture (air) flowing in, characterized in that the heated amount of gas is cooled by evaporation and heating of the liquid, pumped to higher pressure component (O 2 ) in heat exchange and after elimination and Return of the thereby liquefied constituents is fed to a partial heating and subsequent work-performing relaxation. 2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Teilerwärmung der Gasmenge (Luft, N2) vor der arbeitsleistenden Entspannung im Wärmeaustausch mit einer verdichteten Gasmenge (Luft, N2) eines geschlossenen oder offenen Mitteldruckkreislaufes erfolgt.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the partial heating of the amount of gas (air, N 2 ) takes place before the work-performing expansion in heat exchange with a compressed amount of gas (air, N 2 ) of a closed or open medium pressure circuit. 3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die die Teilerwärmung der zur arbeitsleistenden Entspannung bestimmten Gasmenge (Luft, N2) bewirkende Gasmenge (Luft, N2) in ihrem Druck reduziert und der Rektifikation zugeführt wird.3. The method according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that the partial heating of the gas amount (air, N 2 ) causing the work-performing relaxation causing gas amount (air, N 2 ) is reduced in pressure and fed to the rectification. 4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die die Teilerwärmung der zur arbeitsleistenden Entspannung bestimmten Gasmenge (Luft, N2) bewirkende Gasmenge (N2) auf einen sich zur Gewinnung eines unter höherem Druck stehenden Gasgemisches (H2+ N2) eignenden Druck (etwa 25 Atm.) verdichtet, verflüssigt, vorzugsweise im Wärmeaustausch gegen Restgas aus der Gaszerlegung unterkühlt, der Rektifikation und Waschung dieses Gasgemisches (Rohgas, Konvertgas) zugeführt und mit dem gewaschenen Gasgemisch (H2+ N2) vermischt wird.4. The method according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that the partial heating of the amount of gas (air, N 2 ) causing the gas amount (N 2 ) to be used to obtain a gas mixture under higher pressure (H 2 + N 2 ) Suitable pressure (about 25 atm.) Compressed, liquefied, preferably supercooled in the heat exchange against residual gas from the gas separation, the rectification and scrubbing of this gas mixture (raw gas, converting gas) is fed and mixed with the scrubbed gas mixture (H 2 + N 2) . 5. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, 2 und 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zur Rückführung von Kältemenge aus der Rektifikation des einen Gasgemisches (Rohgas, Konvertgas) zu der des anderen Gasgemisches (Luft) der Vorrektifikation des letzteren Gasgemisches eine Gasmenge (N2) entnommen, im indirekten Wärmeaustausch gegen das sich durch Zuführung eines Teiles der die Teilerwärmung durchführenden und verflüssigten Gasmenge (N2) bildende Gasgemisch (H2+ N2) verflüssigt und der Vorrektifikation wieder zugeführt wird.5. The method according to claim 1, 2 and 4, characterized in that to recirculate the amount of cold from the rectification of a gas mixture (raw gas, converting gas) to that of the other gas mixture (air) of the pre-rectification of the latter gas mixture, an amount of gas (N 2 ) removed , in the indirect heat exchange against the gas mixture (H 2 + N 2 ) which is formed by supplying part of the partial heating carrying out and liquefied gas quantity (N 2 ) and is supplied to the pre-rectification again. 6. \rerfahren nach Anspruch 1, 2, 4 und 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die restliche Erwärmung der auf höheren Druck gebrachten Komponente (O2) und die Vorkühlung des unter höherem Druck stehenden, zu zerlegenden Gasgemisches (Rohgas, Konvertgas) im gegenseitigen Wärmeaustausch, vorzugsweise durch Zwischenschaltung eines Solekreislaufs, erfolgt.6. \ r experience according to claim 1, 2, 4 and 5, characterized in that the remaining heating of the component brought to higher pressure (O 2 ) and the precooling of the higher pressure to be broken down gas mixture (raw gas, converting gas) in mutual heat exchange, preferably through the interposition of a brine circuit, takes place. 7. Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens nach Anspruch 1, gekennzeichnet durch eine Leitung (21) zur Verbindung der Drucksäule (5) einer Rektifikationskolonne mit den kalten Enden in Regeneratoren eingelegten Anwärmspiralen (22), einen Wärmeaustauscher (19), der in der Abführungsleitung (18, 20) für die auf höheren Druck gepumpte Komponente liegt, eine Verbindungsleitung (23) vom warmen Ende der Anwärmspiralen zum zweiten Kanal dieses Wärmeaustauschers (19) und eine Verbindung von dessen kaltem Ende zu einem nachgeschalteten Flüssigkeitsabscheider (24), der eine Kondensatrückführungsleitung (25) zur Drucksäule (5) aufweist und von dem eine Gasleitung (26) zum kalten Ende eines Wärmeaustauschers (27) führt, durch dessen zweiten Kanal Mitteldruckluft geleitet wird, und7. Apparatus for performing the method according to claim 1, characterized by a Line (21) for connecting the pressure column (5) of a rectification column with the cold ends in Regenerators inserted heating spirals (22), a heat exchanger (19) in the discharge line (18, 20) for the component pumped to higher pressure is a connecting line (23) from the warm end of the heating spiral to the second channel of this heat exchanger (19) and a connection from its cold end to a downstream liquid separator (24), which has a condensate return line (25) to the pressure column (5) and from which a gas line (26) leads to the cold end of a heat exchanger (27) through which second channel medium-pressure air is passed, and dessen warmes Ende mit einer Turbine (29) verbunden ist, deren Austritt mit der Niederdrucksäule (6) in Verbindung steht.the warm end of which is connected to a turbine (29), the outlet of which is connected to the low-pressure column (6) communicates. 8. Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Wärmeaustauscher (27) zur Erwärmung des arbeitsleistend zu entspannenden Gases mit seinem unter Mitteldruck stehenden" Kanal in einem geschlossenen oder offenen Mitteldruckkreislauf liegt, der aus einem Kompressor (54) und mindestens einem Wärmeaustauscher (52) besteht. 8. Device for performing the method according to claim 2, characterized in that that the heat exchanger (27) for heating the work-performing gas to be expanded its "medium-pressure" channel in a closed or open medium-pressure circuit which consists of a compressor (54) and at least one heat exchanger (52). 9. Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Mitteldruckkreislauf an die Drucksäule (5) angeschlossen ist und gebildet ist aus folgenden Teilen, die jeweils durch Leitungen miteinander verbunden sind: dem einen Kanal eines Wärmeaustauschers (33), einem Mitteldruckverdichter (35) mit Nachkühler, dem zweiten Kanal des Wärmeaustauschers (33) und dem Wärmeaustauscher (27) für das arbeitsleistend zu entspannende Gas.9. Device for performing the method according to claim 3, characterized in that that the medium pressure circuit is connected to the pressure column (5) and is formed from the following Parts that are connected to each other by pipes: one channel of one Heat exchanger (33), a medium pressure compressor (35) with aftercooler, the second channel the heat exchanger (33) and the heat exchanger (27) for the work to be relaxed Gas. 10. Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens nach Anspruch 4, gekennzeichnet durch eine Leitung (63), durch die ein Teil eines Zerlegungsproduktes aus der Drucksäule (5) entnommen wird und die mit zusätzlich in die Regeneratoren eingelegten Anwärmspiralen (64) verbunden ist, Verbindungsleitungen von diesen zu einem Mitteldruckverdichter (65) mit Nachkühler, an den zwei parallel geschaltete Wärmeaustauscher (66, 67) angeschlossen sind, Verbindungsleitungen von diesen zu dem Wärmeaustauscher (68), der der Anwärmung des arbeitsleistend zu entspannenden Gases dient, und einen hinter diesen geschalteten weiteren Wärmeaustauscher (69) als Unterkühler, von dem eine Leitung (70) zu der Waschsäule (71) einer anderen Gaszerlegungsanlage (62) führt.10. Apparatus for performing the method according to claim 4, characterized by a Line (63) through which part of a decomposition product is removed from the pressure column (5) and which is connected to additional heating spirals (64) inserted in the regenerators, Connecting lines from these to a medium pressure compressor (65) with aftercooler on the two parallel heat exchangers (66, 67) are connected, connecting lines from this to the heat exchanger (68), which heats the work to be relaxed Gas, and another heat exchanger (69) connected downstream of this as a subcooler, from which a line (70) leads to the scrubbing column (71) of another gas separation plant (62). 11. Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens nach Anspruch 5, gekennzeichnet durch die Hintereinanderschaltung einer Entnahmeleitung (63) für einen Teil einer Zerlegungskomponente aus der Drucksäule (5) mit einem Wärmeaustauschkanal in dem Verdampfungsgegenströmer (72) und einer. Rückleitung für die in diesem verflüssigte Zerlegungskomponente zur Drucksäule (5).11. Device for carrying out the method according to claim 5, characterized by the series connection of an extraction line (63) for part of a decomposition component from the pressure column (5) with a heat exchange channel in the evaporation countercurrent (72) and one. Return line for the decomposition component liquefied in this to Pressure column (5). 12. Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens nach Anspruch 6, gekennzeichnet durch einen Wärmeaustauscher (87), der in Strömungsrichtung hinter dem Wärmeaustauscher (19) liegt, in dem die auf höheren Druck gepumpte Komponente verdampft wird, und hinter diesen geschaltete Wärmeaustauscher (73, 74) in der Vorkühleinrichtung für das unter höherem Druck stehende, zu zerlegende Gasgemisch und Verbindungsleitungen derart, daß der Wärmeaustauscher (87) in einen Solekreislauf (86) einbezogen ist.12. Apparatus for performing the method according to claim 6, characterized by a Heat exchanger (87), which is located downstream of the heat exchanger (19) in the direction of flow, in which the component pumped to higher pressure is evaporated, and connected behind this Heat exchangers (73, 74) in the pre-cooling device for that which is under higher pressure, gas mixture to be broken down and connecting lines in such a way that the heat exchanger (87) in a brine circuit (86) is included. In Betracht gezogene Druckschriften:
Deutsche Patentschriften Nr. 734 573, 935 195.Considered publications:
German patent specifications No. 734 573, 935 195. Hierzu 1 Blatt Zeichnungen1 sheet of drawings © 109 538/115 3.61© 109 538/115 3.61
DEG25369A 1958-09-24 1958-09-24 Method and device for generating a balanced cold budget when extracting gas mixtures and / or gas mixture components under higher pressure by rectification Pending DE1103363B (en)

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DEG25369A DE1103363B (en) 1958-09-24 1958-09-24 Method and device for generating a balanced cold budget when extracting gas mixtures and / or gas mixture components under higher pressure by rectification
GB32096/59A GB903462A (en) 1958-09-24 1959-09-21 Improvements in or relating to the rectification of gas mixtures
US841749A US3083544A (en) 1958-09-24 1959-09-23 Rectification of gases
FR805815A FR1250454A (en) 1958-09-24 1959-09-23 Process for achieving a balanced refrigeration balance when obtaining, from rectification, gas mixtures or components of gas mixtures under high pressure, or not

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