DE1058187B - Schmiermittel - Google Patents

Schmiermittel

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Publication number
DE1058187B
DE1058187B DEN12755A DEN0012755A DE1058187B DE 1058187 B DE1058187 B DE 1058187B DE N12755 A DEN12755 A DE N12755A DE N0012755 A DEN0012755 A DE N0012755A DE 1058187 B DE1058187 B DE 1058187B
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
unsaturated
lubricant
lubricant according
ester
copolymer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
DEN12755A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Robert Caldwell Jones
Eugene Sidney Moulic Jun
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Bataafsche Petroleum Maatschappij NV
Original Assignee
Bataafsche Petroleum Maatschappij NV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bataafsche Petroleum Maatschappij NV filed Critical Bataafsche Petroleum Maatschappij NV
Publication of DE1058187B publication Critical patent/DE1058187B/de
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • C10M165/00Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of a macromolecular compound and a compound of unknown or incompletely defined constitution, each of these compounds being essential
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    • C10M2203/00Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2203/06Well-defined aromatic compounds
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    • C10M2205/22Alkylation reaction products with aromatic type compounds, e.g. Friedel-crafts
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Description

C 1OM 169/00A28
N12755IVc/23c
ANMELDETA G: 24. SEPTEMBER 1956
BEKANNTMACHUNG DER ANMELDUNG OND AUSGABE DER AUSLEGESCHRIFT: 27.MAI1959
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf Schmiermittel, die neben reinigenden und dispergierenden Eigenschaften gute Hochdruckeigenschaften aufweisen, außerdem den Verschleiß verhindern und insbesondere zur Anwendung bei Motoren geeignet sind, die unter scharfen Bedingungen des Haltens und Anfahrens arbeiten.
Es ist bereits bekannt, den Schmierölen gewisse Öllösliche, nicht aschebildende synthetische polymere Verbindungen mit dispergierenden Eigenschaften beizumischen, wodurch einige Nachteile der üblichen metallischen Reinigungsmittel, z. B. von Salzen mehrwertiger Metalle oder Seifen organischer Carbonsäuren, organischer Naphthensäuren oder organischer Sulfonsäuren vermieden werden können.
Solche reinigend wirkenden Schmiermittel können beispielsweise Ideine Anteile von Mischpolymerisaten aus einer polymerisierbaren basischen heterocyclischen Stickstoffverbindung und einem weiteren polymerisierbaren ungesättigten Material enthalten, wie sie bei der Umsetzung von Laurylmethacrylat und 2-Methyl-5-vinylpyridin in Anwesenheit eines Katalysators erhalten werden.
Auch Mischpolymerisate mit einem Molgewicht über 1000 aus einem α-Olefm mit mindestens 10 Kohlenstoffatomen und einer anderen ungesättigten polymerisierbaren Verbindung, welche polare Gruppen enthält, wie die alkoholische OH-Gruppe, die SH-Gruppe und die CONR2-Gruppe (R = H oder ein Kohlenwasserstoffrest) sind schon als Schmierölzusatz in Vorschlag gebracht worden. Neben diesen aus einem ot-Olefin hergestellten Mischpolymerisaten können die betreffenden Schmiermittel auch noch lösliche Phosphor und/oder Schwefel enthaltende Verbindungen aufweisen; durch diese Kombination lassen sich gewisse Effekte erzielen.
Es ist ferner vorgeschlagen worden, mineralischen und synthetischen Schmierölen Mischpolymerisate aus 75 bis 99 Gewichtsteilen eines Acrylsäureester von gesättigten aliphatischen Alkoholen mit mindestens 8 Kohlenstoffatomen im Alkoholrest und 1 bis 25 Gewichtsteilen einer äthylenisch ungesättigten, eine basische tertiäre Aminogruppe enthaltenden Verbindung zuzusetzen, in welcher Verbindung der tertiäre Aminostickstoff acyclisch ist oder Glied eines heterocylischen Ringes ist. Im letzteren Fall muß sich die polymerisierbare Äthylendoppelbindung aber außerhalb des Ringes befinden. Zusätzlich können diese Schmiermittel noch bekannte Antioxydationsmittel, wie Alkylphenole und Amine, enthalten.
Obwohl diese erst vorgeschlagenen oder bekannten Schmiermittel an sich recht befriedigende Reinigungseigenschaften innerhalb eines weiten Temperaturbereiches aufweisen, versagen sie doch bei der Anwendung in solchen Motoren, die bei niedrigen und hohen Temperaturen unter besonders schwerer Belastung und bei sehr Schmiermittel
Anmelder:
N. V. De Bataafsche Petroleum
Maatsctiappij, Den Haag
Vertreter: Dr. K. Schwarzhans, Patentanwalt,
München 19, Romanplatz 9
Beanspruchte Priorität:
V. St. v. Amerika vom 26. September 1955
Robert Caldwell Jones, Berkeley, Calif.,
und Eugene Sidney Moulic jun., Oakland, Calif.
(V. St. Α.),
sind als Erfinder genannt worden
hohen Drücken arbeiten. Solche Bedingungen treten aber bekanntlich vor allem dann auf, wenn der Motor häufig angelassen und dann wieder stillgesetzt wird.
Es wurde nun gefunden, daß sich diese Schwierigkeiten beheben lassen, wenn man als Schmiermittel ein mineralisches oder synthetisches Schmieröl einsetzt, welches geringe Mengen a) eines oder mehrerer Mischpolymerisate mit einem Molgewicht über 1000 und einer Mehrzahl von Seitenketten COOR (R = Kohlenwasserstoffrest mit mindestens 8 Kohlenstoffatomen) sowie b) einer öllöslichen halogensubstituierten Phosphin-, Phosphon- oder phosphonigen Säure, eines Teilesters oder eines vollständigen Esters oder eines Salzes einer solchen Säure enthalt.
Das Mischpolymerisat soll aus den folgenden monomeren Komponenten bestehen:
1. Einem oder mehreren Estern von einer ungesättigten Carbonsäure mit einem aliphatischen Alkohol mit mindestens 8 Kohlenstoffatomen im Molekül und
2. einem ungesättigten Alkohol und/oder einer ungesättigten Carbonsäure und/oder einer ungesättigten Stickstoffverbindung.
Die Art und Weise bzw. der Mechanismus, durch welchen den diese nicht aschebildenden öllöslichen Mischpolymerisate enthaltenden Gemischen verschleißhindernde Eigenschaften erteilt werden, ist noch nicht klar erkannt worden. Die außergewöhnliche Wirkung der beiden kombinierten Zusatzstoffe und die unerwarteten Eigenschaften, welche sie den Ölen erteilen, sind
S09 52«i/366
aber durcih ausgedehnte Versuche eindeutig festgestellt worden.
Das öUösliche Mischpolymerisat in dem Schmiermittel gemäß der Erfindung hat vorzugsweise ein Molgewicht von 30 000 bis 500 000.
Bevorzugt verwendete Mischpolymerisate werden aus polymerisierbaren heterocyclischen stickstoffbasischen Verbindlangen und einem anderen polymerisierbaren, ungesättigten Material erhalten, das keinen freien heterocyclischen stickstoffhaltigen Rest enthält.
Sehr geeignete heterocyclische stickstoffbasische Verbindungen sind die Vinylpyridine und die alkylsubstituierten Vinylpyridine.
Eine (andere Gruppe von polymerisierbaren Stoffen, die als Komponenten bei der Bildung der Mischpolymerisate brauchbar sind, besteht aus Acrylsäure und «-substituierten Acrylsäuren sowie deren Derivaten, wie Ester, Nitrile und Amide.
Die Mischpolymerisate können nach jedem geeigneten Verfahren hergestellt werden, wobei die Reaktion vorzugsweise in Anwesenheit eines Katalysators durchgeführt wird. So können z. B. die Reaktionskomponenten im Molverhältnis 1:10 bis 10:1 und vorzugsweise 1:1 bis 4:1 in Anwesenheit von 0,1 bis 5% eines Katalysators, wie eines Peroxyds oder einer Azoverbindung, in Gegenwart eines inerten Lösungsmittels, z. B. eines Kohlenwasserstoffes, unter einem Schutzgas, bestehend aus Stickstoff oder Kohlendioxyd, und bei einer Temperatur, die zwischen Raumtemperatur oder niedriger und etwa 1800C und noch höher schwanken kann, während eines Zeitraumes von etwa 2 bis 48 Stunden umgesetzt werden.
Die folgenden Beispiele erläutern die Herstellung von Mischpolymerisaten aus einer polymerisierbaren, heterocyclischen, stickstoffbasischen \rerbindung und einem keime heterocyclischen, stickstoffhaltigen Reste enthaltenden polymerisierbaren ungesättigten Material. Für das Polymerisationsverfahren an sich wird jedoch im Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung kein Schutz beansprucht.
Beispiel 1
Ein Gemisch aus etwa 2 Mol Lauryknethacrylat, 1 Mol 2-Methyl-5-vinylpyridin und 0,4 Gewichtsprozent Benzoylperoxyd wurde während mehr als 2 Stunden bei 80 bis 850C in einer Stickstoff atmosphäre umgesetzt. Die nicht zur Reaktion gekommenen Stoffe wurden bei 185° C und 1 mm Hg abdestilliert; das zurückbleibende Mischpolymerisat war ein kautschukartiges Produkt, das ungefähr 3 % Stickstoff enthielt, ein Molgewicht von über 150 000 aufwies und in K ohlen wasserstoff ölen löslich war.
Beispiel 2
Ein Mischpolymerisat aus Laurylmethacrylat und 2-Methyl-5-vinylpyridin wurde nach dem \rerfahren gemäß Beispiel 1 hergestellt, wobei aber das Molverhältnis der Reaktionskomponenten 4:1 betrug. Der Stickstoffgehalt des Produktes war etwa 20J0, das Molgewicht lag über 75 000, und das Produkt hatte eine klebrige, gummiartige Konsistenz, war aber öllöslich.
Andere geeignete Mischpolymerisate werden aus einem Acrylsäureester oder einem a-alkylsubstituierten Acrylsäureester von einem gesättigten aliphatischen Alkohol mit mindestens 8 Kohlenstoffatomen und einem Acrylsäureester oder einem a-alkylsubstituierten Acrylsäureester eines Alkyl-tert.aminoälkanols erhalten.
Polymere dieser Art sind z. B. Laurylmethacrylat-Diäthylaminoäthylrnethacrylat (90:10) und Lauryimethacrylat-tert. Octylaminoäthylmethacrylat.
Der zweite wesentliche in den erfindungsgemäßen Schmiermitteln verwendete Zusatzstoff ist eine öllösliche halogensubstituierte Phosphin-, Phosphon- oder phosphonige Säure sowie Teilester oder vollständige Ester oder Salze der genannten Säuren. Als Beispiele solcher phosphorhaltiger Verbindungen mit mindestens einer P-C-Bindung im Molekül können genannt werden: Trichlormethanphosphin-, Dibromäthanphosphin-, Trichlorcyclohexanphosphin-, Trichloräthanphosphon-, Dichlormonobrommethanphosphon- und Dichlorphenylbenzolphosphonsäure, Tribromäthanphosphonat, AUyldichlormonobrommethan- und S^-Dibutyltrichlormethanthiophosphonat.
Die Salze organischer Stickstoffbasen, wie der Amine (primär, sekundär und tertiär), z. B. Di-2-ätbylhexylamin, Dichlorhexylamin, Allyloctylamin, t-C12H25NH2 bis t-C12H31NH2 sowie Morpholinsalze der oben angegebenen sauren Verbindungen sind gleichfalls gut wirkende Zusatzstoffe.
Als Schmierölbasis in den erfindungsgemäßen Schmiermitteln kann jedes beliebige natürliche oder synthetische
ao Material dienen, welches schmierende Eigenschaften aufweist, beispielsweise ein Kohlenwasserstofföl mit weitem Viskositätsbereich, z. B. 100 SUS bei 37,8°C bis 150 SUS bei 93,31C. Die Kohlenwasserstofföle können verschnitten sein mit fetten Ölen, wie Ricinusöl, und Specköl u. dgl.
und bzw. oder mit synthetischen Schmiermitteln, wie polymerisierten Olefinen, Mischpolymerisaten aus Alkylenglykolen und Oxyden; organischen Estern mehrbasischer anorganischer Säuren, z. B. Di-2-äthylhexylsebazat, Dioctylphthalat, Trioctylphosphat, polymeren Tetrahydrofuran; Polyalkylsiliconpolymeren, z. B. Dimethylsiliconpolymeren. Gewünschtenfalls kann das synthetische Schmieröl als einziges Basismaterial oder vermischt mit
fetten Ölen und ihren Derivaten verwendet werden.
Mineralische Schmieröle, welche in den erfmdungsgemäßen Gemischen besonders vorteilhaft sind, wurden aus Westtexas-Ellenburger-Rohöl, Osttexas-Rohölen, Oklahoma-Rohölen und kalifornischen Rohölen gewonnen. Ein raffiniertes Schmieröl aus solchem Rohöl hatte folgende Eigenschaften:
Spezifisches Gewicht, 0API Min. 26,5
Stockpunkt Max. -120C
Flammpunkt, COC Min. 199° C
Viskosität, SUS bei 37,8°C 120 — 160
Viskositätsindex Min. 95
Ein anderes geeignetes Öl ist ein SAE-30-Mineralöl mit folgenden Eigenschaften:
Spezifisches Gewicht, 0API Min. 24,5
Stockpunkt Max. -2O0C
Flammpunkt, COC Min. 2121C
Viskosität, SUS bei 98,9° C 58 bis 63
Viskositätsindex 50 bis 60
Die allgemeine Zusammensetzung von Schmiermitteln gemäß \t>rliegender Erfindung kann wie folgt angegeben werden:
Weiter Eager
Bereich Bereich
Komponenten
Gewichtb- Gewichts
prozent prozent
Wesentliche Zusatzstoffe
Nicht aschebildendes
Mischpolymerisat 0,5 bis 10 Ibis 6
Phosphorhaltige halogen
substituierte Verbindung
mit mindestens einer
P-C-Bindung 0,01 bis 10 0,1 bis 2
Komponenten Weiter
Bereich
Gewichts
prozent
Enger
Bereich
Gewichts
prozent
Zusätze nach Wahl
Antioxydationsmittel,
Korrosionsverhinderer
Verbesserungsmittel für
VI usw
Basis
Mineralisches und/oder
synthetisches Öl
0,01 bis 2
Rest
0,1 bis 1
Rest
Schmiermittel gemäß der Erfindung werden weiter durch das folgende Beispiel erläutert:
Gemisch A
Mischpolymerisat aus 1 Mol 2-Methyl-5-vinylpyridin und 2 Mol Stearylmethacrylat 2 Gewichtsprozent t-C15H31NHr bis ^C18H37NH2-SaIz von
Trichlormethanphosphonsäure 0,062
Gewichtsprozent*) Mineralöl (SAE 5) Rest
*) Berechnet als Phosphor.
Das Gemisch A wurde bezüglich ihrer außergewöhnlichen Schmiereigenschaften nach dem Chevrolet-LS-5-Test, beschrieben von J. B. Bidwell et al in SAE preprint, March 2—4,1954, unter dem Titel »Lifters and Lubricants«, geprüft.
Die Bedingungen, unter welchen der Motor bei dem LS-5-Test arbeitete, waren: Geschwindigkeit 3150 Umdr./ Min.; ölsumpftemperatur 124°C; Kühlmanteltemperatur 88 bis 93° C; Dauer eines Laufes 24 Stunden.
Das Gemisch A wurde verglichen mit dem nachstehenden, nicht erfindungsgemäßen Gemisch B:
Gemisch B
Mischpolymerisat aus 1 Mol 2-Methyl-5-vinylpyridin und etwa 2 Mol Stearylmethacrylat 2 Gewichtsprozent
Zn-ci-Cg-alkyldithiophosphat 0,062
Gewichtsprozent*)
Mineralöl (SAE 5) Rest
*) Berechnet als Phosphor.
Gemisch A wies einen Verschleiß auf von etwa 4 gegen Gemisch B etwa 12. Diese Ziffern stellen, wenn multipliziert mit 2,5 · 10-4 den Metallverlust der Stößeloberfläche in cm dar. Außerdem wies Gemisch A keine angefressenen Stößel und Gemisch B 3 angefressene Stößel von insgesamt 16 Stößeln auf.
Zu Gemischen gemäß der Erfindung können untergeordnete Mengen von weniger als 1 °/0 Schaumverhinderer, wie Siliconpolymere, Korrosionsverhinderer, wie Calcium- oder Zinkdithiophosphat (Zinkdicyclohexyldithiophosphat), Reinigungsmittel, z. B. Erdalkalisulfonate (neutral oder basisch), Antioxydationsmittel, z. B. Amine (Phenyl-a-naphthylamin) oder Alkylphenole (2,6-Di-tert.-butyl-4-methylphenol), Stockpunktserniedriger und Verbesserungsmittel für den Viskositätsindex, z. B. Polymethacrylate oder Gemische solcher Stoffe zugesetzt werden.

Claims (8)

Patentansprüche:
1. Schmiermittel, bestehend aus einem Schmieröl und einer kleineren Menge, vorzugsweise 0,5 bis 10 Gewichtsprozent, bezogen auf die Gesamtmischung,
ίο eines oder mehrerer öllöslicher Mischpolymerisate mit einem .Molgewicht über 1000 und einer Mehrzahl von Seitenketten COOR, wobei R einen Kohlenwasserstoffrest mit mindestens 8 C-Atomen bedeutet, aus (1) einem oder mehreren Estern einer ungesättigten Carbonsäure mit einem aliphatischen Alkohol mit mindestens 8 Kohlenstoffatomen und (2) einem ungesättigten Alkohol und/oder einer ungesättigten Carbonsäure und/oder einer ungesättigten Stickstoffverbindung, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Schmiermittel außerdem eine ldeinere Menge, vorzugsweise 0,1 bis 10 Gewichtsprozent, bezogen auf die Gesamtmischung, einer an sich als Schmiermittelzusatz bekannten öllöslichen halogensubstituierten Phosphin-, Phosphon- oder phosphonigen Säure, einen Teilester oder einen vollständigen Ester oder ein Salz der genannten Säuren, enthält.
2. Schmiermittel nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Mischpolymerisat ein Molekulargewicht zwischen 30 000 und 500 000 aufweist.
3. Schmiermittel nach Anspruch 1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die ungesättigte Stickstoffverbindung 'in dem Mischpolymerisat ein Vinylpyridin, wie 4-Vinylpyridin, oder ein alkylsubstituiertes Vinylpyridin, wie 2-Methyl-5-vinylpyridin, ist.
4. Schmiermittel nach Anspruch 1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die ungesättigte Stickstoffverbindung in dem Mischpolymerisat ein Acrylsäurenitril, ein Acrylsäureamid oder ein Ester einer Acrylsäure und eines Aminoalkohols, wie Diäthylaminoäthylmethacrylat, ist.
5. Schmiermittel nach Anspruch 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das molare Verhältnis der ungesättigten Komponenten (1) und (2) in dem Mischpolymerisat zwischen 1:10 und 10:1, vorzugsweise zwischen 1:1 und 4:1, beträgt.
6. Schmiermittel nach Anspruch 1 bis 5, .dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es als önösliches halogensubstituiertes Phosphonsäurederivat einen Alkylester, einen Arylester, einen halogensubstituierten Arylester oder ein Salz der Trichlormethanphosphonsäure enthält.
7. Schmiermittel nach Anspruch 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es ein mineralisches Schmieröl enthält.
8. Schmiermittel nach Anspruch 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es zusätzlich kleinere Mengen an
sich bekannter Zusatzstoffe, wie eines Antioxydationsmittels, eines Korrosionsinhibitors, eines Viskositätsindexverbesserers und/oder eines Stockpunkterniedrigers enthält.
60
In Betracht gezogene Druckschriften:
Französische Patentschrift Nr. 1 061 771.
In Betracht gezogene ältere Patente:
Deutsche Patente Nr. 947 186, 960 756, 1 003 896,
1003897.
Bei der Bekanntmachung der Anmeldung ist ein Prioritätsbeleg ausgelegt worden.
DEN12755A 1955-09-26 1956-09-24 Schmiermittel Pending DE1058187B (de)

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DE2926474A1 (de) * 1979-06-30 1981-01-08 Servo B V Kristallisationsinhibitoren fuer paraffinhaltige rohoele

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DE1145289B (de) * 1958-06-26 1963-03-14 Monsanto Chemicals Zusaetze zu Mineralschmieroelen, Brennstoffoelen und anderen Kohlenwasserstoffgemischen aus Mineraloelen
US3205170A (en) * 1958-08-08 1965-09-07 Universal Oil Prod Co Stabilization of organic compounds
NL127317C (de) * 1958-09-22
US3397145A (en) * 1958-12-29 1968-08-13 Universal Oil Prod Co Hydrocarbon oils containing alkylthiophosphoric acid salts of polymeric condensation products
US3159578A (en) * 1960-02-26 1964-12-01 Shell Oil Co Organic functional fluids and polymeric amine salt additives therefor
US3198739A (en) * 1960-11-25 1965-08-03 Shell Oil Co Lubricants and polymeric additives therefor
US3192158A (en) * 1962-04-18 1965-06-29 Shell Oil Co Lubricating compositions containing a detergent copolymer and an alkaline earth petroleum sulfonate-trialkyl amine complex
US3211652A (en) * 1962-12-03 1965-10-12 Ethyl Corp Phenolic compositions
US3336237A (en) * 1963-05-16 1967-08-15 Shell Oil Co Lubricating oil composition
NL6404814A (de) * 1964-04-29 1965-11-01
GB2056482A (en) * 1979-08-13 1981-03-18 Exxon Research Engineering Co Lubricating oil compositions

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FR1061771A (fr) * 1951-03-09 1954-04-15 Du Pont Perfectionnements aux compositions lubrifiantes
DE947186C (de) * 1951-03-09 1956-08-09 Du Pont Zusatz zu Schmieroelen und Heizoelen
DE960756C (de) * 1953-05-25 1957-03-28 Bataafsche Petroleum Schmiermittel

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US2584968A (en) * 1950-06-24 1952-02-12 Du Pont Copolymers of methacrylanilide with higher alkyl acrylic esters
US2737496A (en) * 1952-02-16 1956-03-06 Du Pont Lubricating oil compositions containing polymeric additives
US2723236A (en) * 1952-11-03 1955-11-08 Lubrizol Corp Lubricants
BE526487A (de) * 1953-02-17
BE538017A (de) * 1954-05-10
NL97884C (de) * 1954-07-12
GB786167A (en) * 1954-09-27 1957-11-13 Shell Res Ltd Improvements in or relating to the preparation of basic oil-soluble polyvalent metalsalts of organic acids and solutions of said basic salts in oils, and the resultingsalts
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FR1061771A (fr) * 1951-03-09 1954-04-15 Du Pont Perfectionnements aux compositions lubrifiantes
DE947186C (de) * 1951-03-09 1956-08-09 Du Pont Zusatz zu Schmieroelen und Heizoelen
DE960756C (de) * 1953-05-25 1957-03-28 Bataafsche Petroleum Schmiermittel

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1160967B (de) * 1960-06-15 1964-01-09 Shell Int Research Schmiermittel
DE2926474A1 (de) * 1979-06-30 1981-01-08 Servo B V Kristallisationsinhibitoren fuer paraffinhaltige rohoele

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BE551242A (de)
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NL102108C (de)
FR1158245A (fr) 1958-06-12
NL102109C (de)
GB810685A (en) 1959-03-18
US2958660A (en) 1960-11-01
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