DE102020007239A1 - Cooling when extruding melts - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to various retrofitting measures to increase the cooling effect on existing extruder systems.

Description

Extruders are repeatedly used to process materials, preferably plastics, which are at least partially in a molten state or which can be brought into a molten state. These substances are often polymers, copolymers and elastomers. A wide variety of substances can be processed in the extruder, including solids with molten substances, including polymer mixtures, including copolymer mixtures, including elastomers, including mixtures with other additional substances.

• Acrylnitril (ABAK), Acrylnitil/Budadien/Styrol (ABS), ABS mit Polycarbonat (ABS+PC), Acrylat-Kautgschuk (ACM), Ethylen-Acrdylesstrer-Kautschuk (AEPCMS), Acrylnitril/Ethylen-PLropylen-Dien/Styrol (AES), Nitroso-Kautschuk (AFMU), Acrylnitrilmetacrylat (AMAK), Acrylnitril/Methylmethacrylat (AMMA), Acrylnitril/Butadien/Acrylat(ANBA), Acrylnitril/Methacrylat) ANMA), Aromatische Polyester (APE), Acrylnitril/chloriertes Polyetrhylen/Sstryrol (APE-CS), Acylnitil/Styrol/Acrylester(ASA), TPE, Basis Aliphatisches Polyurethan(ATPU) Urethan-Kautschuk, Polyester (AU), Benzylcellulose (BC) Butadien-Kautschuk (BR), Cellulosesacetat (CA), Celluloseacetobutyrat (CAB), Celluloseacetopropionat (CAP), Kresol-Formaldehyd (CF), Hydratisierte Cellulose, Zellglas (CSH), Chlorierter PE-Kautschuk (CM), Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), Cellulosenitrat, Celluloid/CN), Epichlorhydrin-Kautschuk (CO), Cyclopolyolefinpolymere, Topas (COC), Cellulosepropionat (CPL), Chloropren-Kautschuk (CR), Casein-Kunststoffe (CS), Casein-Formaldehyd, Kunsthorn (CSF), Chlorsulfonierter PE(-Kautschuk) (CSM), Cellulosetriacetat (1CTA), Dicyclopentadien(DCP), Ethylen/Methacrylsäure (EAA), EthylenVinylacetat-Kautschuk (EAM), Ethylen/Butylacrylat (EBA), Ethylcellulose (EC), Ethylencopolymer-Bitumen-Blend(ECB), Epicchlorhydrin-Kautschuk(ECD), Ethylen/Chortrifluorethylen (ECTFE), Ethylen/Ethylacrylat (EEA), Polyethylen Ionomere (EIM), Ethylen/Methacrylsäure(EMAK), exo-Metehylenlaton (EML), Ethylidennorbornen (EN), Ethylen-Acrynitril-Kautschuk (ENM), Epoxidierter Naturkautschuk (ENR), Ethylen/Propylen (EP), EpoxidHarze, Polyadditions-Harze (EP), Ethylen/Propylen/(Dien)/-Kautschuke (EP(D)M, Epichlorhydrin-Kautschuk(ETER), Ethylen/Tetrafluorethylen (ETFE), Urethan-Kautschuk, Polyether (EU), Ethylen/Vinylacetat (EVA), Ethylen/Vinylalkohol, EVOH (EVAL), TPE, Basis Ethylen/Vinylacetat+Polyvinylidenchlorid (EVAPVDC), Ethylen/Vinylalkohol, EVAL(EVOH), Tatrafluorethylen/Hexafluorpropylen (FEP), Furan/Formaldehyd (FF), Perfluor-Kautschuk (FFKM), Fluor-Kautrschuk(FKM), Propylen/Tetrafluorethylen-Kautschuk (FPM) Phospazen-Kautschuk mit Fluoralkyl- oder Fluorozyalkyl-gruppen(FZ), Proplenoxid-Kautschuk (GPO), Halogenierter Butyl-Kautschuk (HIIR), Hydrierter NBR-Kautschuk HNBR), höhere alpha-Olefine (HOA), Pyrrone, Plycyclone, Leiterpolymere (HAT-P), Polycyclone, Leiterpolymere(HT-PP), Polytrriazine, Leiterpolymere (HAT-PT), Butryl-Kajutrschuk (CIIR, BIIR) (IIR), Isopren-Kautschuk (IR), Kohlenwasserstoffharz (KWH), Liquid Christal Polymere (LCP), Methylmethacrylat/Acrylnitril/Butadien/Styrol (MABS), Methacrylat/Butadien/Styrol (MBS), Methylcellulose (MC), Melamin/Formaldehyd (MF), Melamin/UFormaldehy+ungesättigter Polyester (MF+UP), Melamin/Phenol-Formaldehyd(MPF), Methyl/Phenyl/Silicon-Kautschuk(MPQ), Methylmethacrylat/exo-Methylenlacton (MMAEML), Melamin/Phenol-Formaldehyd(MPF), Methyl/Silicon-Kautschuk (MQ), alpha-Methylstyrol (MS), Melamin/Harnstoff/-Formaldehyd (MUF) Melamin/HarnstoffZPhenol/Formaldehyd(MVFQ), Polyacrylnitril (PAN), Polybuten-1 (PB), Polybutylacrylat (PBA), Polybenzimidazol, Triazinpoloymer (PBI), Polybismaleinimid (PBMI), Polybutylennaphthalat (PBN), Polyoxadiabenzimidazol (PBO), Polybutylenterephthalat (PBT), Polycarbonat (PC) mit ABS oder AES, ASA, oder PBT oder PE-HD oder PEET oder PMMA oder PS oder PPE oder SB oder HI oder SMA oder TPU oder BPA, oder TMBPA oder TMC, Poly-3,3-bis-chlormethylpropylenoxid (PCPO), Polycyclohexandimethylterephthalat (PCT), Polychlortrifluoretrhylen (PCTFE), Polydiallylphthalat(PDAP), Polydicyclopentadien (PDCPD), Polyethylen (PE), Polyesteramid (PEA), Polyestercarbonat (PEC), Polyetherketon (PEK), Polyethylennaphthalat (PEN), Polyenthylenoxid (PEOX), Polyethersulfone (PES), Polyesterimid (PESI), Polyethlenterephathalat (PET) mit Elastomer oder mit MBS oder PBT oder PMMA oder Pmma oder PSU, Phenol/Formaldehyd (PF), Phenol/Formaldehyd +Epoxid (PF+EP), PTFE/Perfluoralcylvinylether, Perfluoralkoxy (PFA), Phenol/Formaldehyd/Melamin (PFMF), Polyperfluortrimethyltriazin-Kautschuk PFMT), PTFE-Copolymerisat (PFTEAF), Polyhydroxylalkalin (PHA), Polyhydroxybenzoat (PHBA), Polyimidimid (PI), Polyisobutylen (PIB), Polyimidsulfon (PISO), Aliphatisches Polyketon (PK), Polylactid (PLA), Polymethylacrylat (PMA), Polymethhacrylimid (PMI), Polymethylmethacrylat (PMMA), Polyacrylesterimid (PMMI), Poly-4-methylpenten-1 (PMP), Poly-Alpha-methylstyrol (PMS), Fluor/Phosphazen-Kautschuk (PNF), Polynorbornen-Kautschuk (PNR), Polyolefine, Polyolefin-Derivate und Polyolefin-Copolymerisate (PO), Poly-p-hydroxy-benzoat (POB), Polyoxymethylen (Polyacetalharz, Polyformaldehyd) (POM), POM mit PUR-Elastomer oder Homopolymerisat oder Copolymerisat, Polyphthalat (PP), PP-Carbonat, PP mit Block-Copolymere oder chloriert oder mit Homopolymerisat oder mit Metallocen hergestellt, Polyamid (PPA), Polyphenylenether (PPE), PPE mit PA oder mit PBT oder mit PS, Polydphenyloxidpyrronellithimid U(PPI), Polyparamethylstyrol (PPMS), Polyphenylenoxid (PPO), Polypropylenoxid (PPOX), Poly-p-Phenylen (PPP), Polyphenylensulfid (PPS), Polyphenulensulfon (PPSU), Poly-m-Phenylen/Terephthalamid (PPTA), Polyphenylvinyl (PPV), Polypyrrol (PPY), Polystryrol (PS), PS mitr PC oder PE oder PPE, Polysaccharide (PSAC), Polysulfone (PSU), Polytetrafluorethylen (PTFE), Polytetrahydrofuran (PTHF), Polybutrylenterephthalat (PTMT), Polyester (PTP), Polytrimethyleterephthalat (PTT), Polyurethan (PUR), Polyvinylacetat (PVAC), Polyvinylalkohol (PVAL), Polyvinylbutyral (PVB), Polyvinylisobutylether (PVBE), Polyvinylchlorid (PVC). Polyvinylidenchlorid (PVDC), Polyvinylidenfluorid (PVDF), Polyvinylfluorid (PVF), Polyvinylformal (PVFM), Polyvinylcarbazol (PVK), Polyvinylmethylether (PVME), Polyvinylcyclohexan (PVZH), Phosphazen/Kautschuk mit Phenoygruppen (PZ), Resorrcin/Formaldehyd (RF), Stryrol/Acrylnitril (SAN), Stryrol/Butadien(SB), Styrol/Butadien/Methylmethacrylat (SBMMA), Styrol/Butadien-Kautschuk (SBR), Styrol/Butadien/Styrol (SBS), Styrol-Ethenbuten/Stryrol (SEBS), Styrol/Ethylen/Propylen/Dien-Kautschuk (SEPDM), Silicon (SI), Styrol/Isopren/Maleinsäureanhydrid (SIMA), Isopren/Styrol-Kautschuk (SIR), Styrol/Isopren/Styrol (SIS), Styrol/Maleinsäureanhydrid(SAM), Styrol/Maleinsäureanhydrid/Butadien(SMAB), Styrol/Methylmethacrylat (SMMA), Stryrol-alpha-Methylstyrol (SMS, Polyester (SP), Thiocarbonyldifluorid-Copolymer-Kautschuk (TCF), TPE mit EPDM+PP oder PBBS+PP, TPE mit PEBBS+PPE oder PEBS+PP oder mit PESST oder PESTRUR oder mit PESTEST oder mit PESTUR oder mit PEUR oder mit SBS+PP, Thermoplastische Elastomere (TPE), Thermoplastische Stärke (TPS), Harnstoff/Formaldehyd (UF), Vinylchlorid (VC), Vinylchlorid/Ethylen(VCE), Vinylchlorid/Maleinsäureanhydrid(VCMA), Vinylester (VE),

The substances can be, for example:

• Acrylonitrile (ABAK), acrylonitrile / budadiene / styrene (ABS), ABS with polycarbonate (ABS + PC), acrylate rubber (ACM), ethylene acrylic rubber (AEPCMS), acrylonitrile / ethylene propylene diene / styrene (AES ), Nitroso rubber (AFMU), acrylonitrile methacrylate (AMAK), acrylonitrile / methyl methacrylate (AMMA), acrylonitrile / butadiene / acrylate (ANBA), acrylonitrile / methacrylate) ANMA), aromatic polyester (APE), acrylonitrile / chlorinated polyethylene / sstyrene ( APE-CS), acylnitil / styrene / acrylic ester (ASA), TPE, based on aliphatic polyurethane (ATPU) urethane rubber, polyester (AU), benzyl cellulose (BC) butadiene rubber (BR), cellulose acetate (CA), cellulose acetobutyrate (CAB ), Cellulose acetopropionate (CAP), cresol formaldehyde (CF), hydrated cellulose, cellulose glass (CSH), chlorinated PE rubber (CM), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), cellulose nitrate, celluloid / CN), epichlorohydrin rubber (CO), cyclopolyolefin polymers , Topaz (COC), cellulose propionate (CPL), chloroprene rubber (CR), casein plastics (CS), case in-formaldehyde, synthetic horn (CSF), chlorosulfonated PE (rubber) (CSM), cellulose triacetate (1CTA), dicyclopentadiene (DCP), ethylene / methacrylic acid (EAA), ethylene vinyl acetate rubber (EAM), ethylene / butyl acrylate (EBA), Ethyl cellulose (EC), ethylene copolymer bitumen blend (ECB), epicchlorohydrin rubber (ECD), ethylene / chlorotrifluoroethylene (ECTFE), ethylene / ethyl acrylate (EEA), polyethylene ionomers (EIM), ethylene / methacrylic acid (EMAK), exo- Methylene platinum (EML), ethylidene norbornene (EN), ethylene acrynitrile rubber (ENM), epoxidized natural rubber (ENR), ethylene / propylene (EP), epoxy resins, polyaddition resins (EP), ethylene / propylene / (diene) / - Rubbers (EP (D) M, epichlorohydrin rubber (ETER), ethylene / tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE), urethane rubber, polyether (EU), ethylene / vinyl acetate (EVA), ethylene / vinyl alcohol, EVOH (EVAL), TPE, base Ethylene / vinyl acetate + polyvinylidene chloride (EVAPVDC), ethylene / vinyl alcohol, EVAL (EVOH), tatrafluoroethylene / hexafluoropropylene (FEP), furan / formaldehyde (FF), perfluoro chewing chuk (FFKM), fluorine rubber (FKM), propylene / tetrafluoroethylene rubber (FPM), phosphazene rubber with fluoroalkyl or fluorozyalkyl groups (FZ), propylene oxide rubber (GPO), halogenated butyl rubber (HIIR), hydrogenated NBR rubber HNBR), higher alpha olefins (HOA), pyrrons, plycyclones, ladder polymers (HAT-P), polycyclones, ladder polymers (HT-PP), polytriazines, ladder polymers (HAT-PT), butryl kajutrschuk (CIIR, BIIR ) (IIR), isoprene rubber (IR), hydrocarbon resin (KWH), liquid crystal polymers (LCP), methyl methacrylate / acrylonitrile / butadiene / styrene (MABS), methacrylate / butadiene / styrene (MBS), methyl cellulose (MC), melamine / Formaldehyde (MF), melamine / UFormaldehyde + unsaturated polyester (MF + UP), melamine / phenol-formaldehyde (MPF), methyl / phenyl / silicone rubber (MPQ), methyl methacrylate / exo-methylene lactone (MMAEML), melamine / phenol -Formaldehyde (MPF), methyl / silicone rubber (MQ), alpha-methylstyrene (MS), melamine / urea / -formaldehyde (MUF) melamine / ureaZphenol / formaldehyde (MVFQ), Pol yacrylonitrile (PAN), polybutene-1 (PB), polybutyl acrylate (PBA), polybenzimidazole, triazine polymer (PBI), polybismaleimide (PBMI), polybutylene naphthalate (PBN), polyoxadiabenzimidazole (PBO), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), with polycarbonate or AES, ASA, or PBT or PE-HD or PEET or PMMA or PS or PPE or SB or HI or SMA or TPU or BPA, or TMBPA or TMC, poly-3,3-bis-chloromethylpropylene oxide (PCPO), polycyclohexane dimethyl terephthalate ( PCT), polychlorotrifluoroetrhylene (PCTFE), polydiallyl phthalate (PDAP), polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD), polyethylene (PE), polyester amide (PEA), polyester carbonate (PEC), polyether ketone (PEK), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polyethylene oxide (PEOX), PES), polyesterimide (PESI), polyethylene terephthalate (PET) with elastomer or with MBS or PBT or PMMA or Pmma or PSU, phenol / formaldehyde (PF), phenol / formaldehyde + epoxy (PF + EP), PTFE / perfluoroalcyl vinyl ether, perfluoroalkoxy ( PFA), phenol / formaldehyde / melamine (PFMF), polyperfl uortrimethyltriazine rubber PFMT), PTFE copolymer (PFTEAF), polyhydroxylalkaline (PHA), polyhydroxybenzoate (PHBA), polyimidide (PI), polyisobutylene (PIB), polyimide sulfone (PISO), aliphatic polyacrylate (PK), polylactide (PLAyl acrylate) (PMA), polymethacrylimide (PMI), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polyacrylesterimide (PMMI), poly-4-methylpentene-1 (PMP), poly-alpha-methylstyrene (PMS), fluorine / phosphazene rubber (PNF), polynorbornene Rubber (PNR), polyolefins, polyolefin derivatives and polyolefin copolymers (PO), poly-p-hydroxy-benzoate (POB), polyoxymethylene (polyacetal resin, polyformaldehyde) (POM), POM with PUR elastomer or homopolymer or copolymer, polyphthalate (PP), PP carbonate, PP with block copolymers or chlorinated or made with homopolymer or with metallocene, polyamide (PPA), polyphenylene ether (PPE), PPE with PA or with PBT or with PS, polydphenyloxidepyrronellithimide U (PPI), Polyparamethylstyrene (PPMS), polyphenylene oxide (PPO), polypropylene oxide (PPOX), poly-p-phenylene (PPP), polyphenylene sulphide (PPS), polyphenulene sulphone (PPSU), poly-m-phenylene / terephthalamide (PPTA), polyphenylvinyl (PPV), Polypyrrole (PPY), polystyrene (PS), PS with PC or PE or PPE, polysaccharides (PSAC), polysulfones (PSU), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polytetrahydrofuran (PTHF), polybutryl terephthalate (PTMT), polyester (PTP), polytrimethyl terephthalate ( PTT), polyurethane (PUR), polyvinyl acetate (PVAC), polyvinyl alcohol (PVAL), polyvinyl butyral (PVB), polyvinyl isobutyl ether (PVBE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC). Polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyvinyl fluoride (PVF), polyvinyl formal (PVFM), polyvinyl carbazole (PVK), polyvinyl methyl ether (PVME), polyvinyl cyclohexane (PVZH), phosphazene / rubber with phenoxy groups (RF), resorrcinol / formaldehyde , Styrene / acrylonitrile (SAN), styrene / butadiene (SB), styrene / butadiene / methyl methacrylate (SBMMA), styrene / butadiene rubber (SBR), styrene / butadiene / styrene (SBS), styrene-ethenebutene / styrene (SEBS) , Styrene / ethylene / propylene / diene rubber (SEPDM), silicone (SI), styrene / isoprene / maleic anhydride (SIMA), isoprene / styrene rubber (SIR), styrene / isoprene / styrene (SIS), styrene / maleic anhydride ( SAM), styrene / maleic anhydride / butadiene (SMAB), styrene / methyl methacrylate (SMMA), styrene-alpha-methylstyrene (SMS, polyester (SP), thiocarbonyl difluoride copolymer rubber (TCF), TPE with EPDM + PP or PBBS + PP , TPE with PEBBS + PPE or PEBS + PP or with PESST or PESTRUR or with PESTEST or with PESTUR or with PEUR or with SBS + PP, Thermoplastic Elastom ere (TPE), thermoplastic starch (TPS), urea / formaldehyde (UF), vinyl chloride (VC), vinyl chloride / ethylene (VCE), vinyl chloride / maleic anhydride (VCMA), vinyl ester (VE),

The above include polyolefins, polypropylenes, S / MSA, MSA-g-PP, ABS, SAN, polystyrene, polycarbonate, polyesters, polyamides, polyacrylates, PEK, PEEK, polphenylene endoxides, cellulose esters, polyalkyl methacrylates, biolactates

• oder Gleitmittel
• oder auch Füllstoffe, zum Beispiel Glaskugeln,
• oder auch Addive, zum Beispiel Wachse, Salze, Nukleierungsmittel, Stabilisatoren, Farbmittel, Polyetherglykole und deren Derivate
• oder Modifikatoren sein.

The above substances can also occur in mixtures or compounds with one another and with other substances. Or there are derivatives of the above substances alone or in mixtures with other substances. Other materials can also be reinforcement / reinforcement materials such as glass fibers,

• or lubricant
• or fillers, for example glass spheres,
• or also additives, for example waxes, salts, nucleating agents, stabilizers, colorants, polyether glycols and their derivatives
• or be modifiers.

• -Wirkungen verstärken
• -zusätzliche Wirkungen entfalten, zum Beispiel die Warmfestigkeit oder die Verschleißfestigkeit erhöhen oder die Säurefestigkeit erhöhen oder UV-Beständigkeit oder die Festigkeit oder die Nachgiebigkeit erhöhen oder eine Vernetzung der Moleküle bewirken oder eine Reaktion der Polymere bewirken oder eine Verfärbung der Polymere bewirken oder die Farbbeständigkeit der Polymere erhöhen oder den Schmelzpunkt verändern oder die Dispergierung und Homogenisierung erleichtern oder zu einer Schaumbildung führen oder die Schaumbildung erleichtern oder das Extrudieren erleichtern oder die Reibungswerte verändern
• -Füllstoffe sein

The chosen fabrics can also

• -Enhance effects
• - develop additional effects, for example increase the heat resistance or the wear resistance or increase the acid resistance or UV resistance or increase the strength or resilience or cause a crosslinking of the molecules or cause a reaction of the polymers or cause a discoloration of the polymers or the color fastness of the Polymers increase or change the melting point or facilitate dispersion and homogenization or lead to foam formation or facilitate foam formation or facilitate extrusion or change the coefficients of friction
• -Be fillers

• -die Mischung mit anderen Stoffen

The extruders can perform various tasks during extrusion. The tasks include, for example

• -the mixture with other substances

• -die Reaktion mit anderen Stoffen und/oder
• -die Umformung der Stoffe.

The components of the mixture can be organic and / or inorganic substances, including plastics. Plastics are usually mixed with various additives. Propellants can also be mixed with the plastic to produce a foamed plastic.
and or

• - the reaction with other substances and / or
• -the transformation of the substances.

The reshaping can take place in one or more steps. The shaping in a single step / stage can take place, for example, in the form that melt is generated in the extruder and the melt is brought into a certain shape with simultaneous solidification. This can lead to the creation of a profile strand. The profile can have different cross-sections. This includes both open cross-sections and closed cross-sections, as well as full profiles and hollow profiles. The full cross-sections include angular and / or rounded cross-sections. The cross-sections include both thick and thin cross-sections, as well as extremely thin cross-sections in the form of foils, also in the form of flat foils, and also in the form of curved foils.

In the above sense, one-step forming is also used when the profile strand is still being processed after it has been created. The machining can be done by cutting or non-cutting. The machining is carried out with suitable tools. A non-cutting deformation takes place, for example, by means of rollers.

A multi-stage forming process is used when an intermediate product is first produced and an end product is produced from the intermediate product. This is the case when, for example, a granulate is first produced and the granulate is welded into a desired molded part in an automatic molding machine.

In addition to polymers, various other materials are used for extrusion. These include fillers, dyes, plasticizers, stabilizers and other additives and auxiliaries. All substances are referred to below as input substances. The starting materials come in solid form or in liquid form.

As a rule, solids are liquefied by mechanical deformation and heating. Solids can also be brought together with liquids. Liquids and / or solid constituents can also be mixed with one another.

Even solid particles can be processed in the extruder. The starting materials are preferably fed to the filling part in a section intended for this purpose. This is followed by the processing of the input materials with mechanical deformation. The deformation heats up the input materials. As a rule, a certain temperature must be maintained in the extruder. The extruder can be heated at the relevant point so that the desired temperature is set quickly. The unwanted heat generated during the deformation is dissipated by cooling.

For heating and cooling, it is known to flow through the housing of the extruder with heating medium or coolant. Depending on the design, the extruders have different cooling / heating properties.

• Einschneckenextruder, Doppelschneckenextruder, Planetwalzenextruder.

A distinction is made between the following main groups of extruders:

• Single screw extruder, twin screw extruder, planetary roller extruder.

Single screw extruders consist of a revolving screw and a surrounding housing. A high pressure build-up and a large conveying effect can be achieved with single screws. However, the homogenization and dispersion in the single screw extruder is poor. Nevertheless, single-screw extruders are still the most widely used extruders, also for reshaping, that is, for melting plastic and then shaping the melt with simultaneous solidification.

Twin screw extruders consist of two parallel and intermeshing screws and a surrounding housing. A high pressure build-up and a high conveying effect can also be achieved with twin screws. The mixing effect of the twin-screw extruder is much greater than that of a single-screw extruder. However, due to the mechanical stress in the twin-screw extruder, polymers experience a more or less large change in their molecular chains. There are applications where that can be left behind. For other applications, the preservation of the molecular chains is important.

Then the planetary roller extruder is ideal. Planetary screw extruders consist of more parts, namely a revolving central spindle, a housing surrounding the central spindle at a distance with internal teeth and planetary spindles, which in the cavity between the central spindle and the internally toothed housing revolve around the central spindle like planets. Insofar as internal teeth of the housing are mentioned below, this also includes a multi-part housing with one in the housing seated socket, which forms the internal teeth of the housing. In the planetary roller extruder, the planetary spindles mesh with both the central spindle and the internally toothed housing.

At the same time, the planetary spindles slide with the end pointing in the conveying direction on a stop ring.

The planetary roller extruders have an extremely good mixing effect compared to all other types of extruder, but a lower conveying effect.

• DE202016101935 , DE 19939075A1 , CA 698518, DE19653790A , DE 19638094A1 , DE 19548136A1 , DE1954214A , DE3908415A , DE19939077A , EP1078968A1 , EP1067352A , EP854178A1 , JP3017176 , JP11080690 , JP9326731 , JP11-216754 , JP11-216764 , JP10-235713 , WO2007/0874465A2 , WO2004/101627A1 , WO2004/101626A1 , WO 2004/037941A2 , EP1056584 , PCT/EP9900968 , WO 94/11175 , US6780271B1 , US7476416 .

Planetary roller extruders are described in particular in the following publications:

• DE202016101935 , DE 19939075A1 , CA 698518, DE19653790A , DE 19638094A1 , DE 19548136A1 , DE1954214A , DE3908415A , DE19939077A , EP1078968A1 , EP1067352A , EP854178A1 , JP3017176 , JP11080690 , JP9326731 , JP11-216754 , JP11-216764 , JP10-235713 , WO2007 / 0874465A2 , WO2004 / 101627A1 , WO2004 / 101626A1 , WO 2004 / 037941A2 , EP1056584 , PCT / EP9900968 , WO 94/11175 , US6780271B1 , US7476416 .

Planetary roller extruder sections / modules are used when an extruder is made up of several sections / modules. The term section implies a length that is adapted to the relevant processing line in the extruder. The term module, on the other hand, indicates uniform lengths. In most cases, different processing steps take place in the sections / modules.

The sectional / modular structure of an extruder is also known for extruders in single-screw design and for extruders in twin-screw extruder design. In particular, the planetary roller extruder sections / modules and the single-screw extruder sections / modules can be easily combined with one another. The screw of a single-screw extruder section / module can continue as a central spindle into a planetary roller extruder section / module.

This has been known for years and has proven extremely beneficial. In particular, planetary roller extruder sections / modules are combined with a filling part designed as a single-screw extruder section / module. The input materials for the extrusion are removed from a filling funnel via the filling part and pressed into the downstream planetary roller extruder sections / modules in order to be processed there, cf. the magazine Kunststoffe, “Dynamic mixing part for extruders based on the planetary roller system”, 1983, page 343 .

The planetary roller extruder section / module published in this publication is shown without cooling. However, cooling was already common at the time.

The cooling has been further developed in the following years. This applies in particular to the internally toothed socket in the housing. The socket is provided with channels on the outside, which are closed when the socket is installed in the housing. A coolant flows through the channels during operation. The thinner the bushing, the better the heat transfer from the extruder into the coolant. Thanks to the improved cooling, more and more processes can now be mastered in which the accuracy of the temperature control and / or the amount of heat transferred per unit of time are increasingly important. For the control of chemical processes / reactions as well as for every new system where the accuracy of the temperature control and / or the amount of heat transferred per unit of time is important, the use of a planetary roller extruder section / module must be considered. Unfortunately, some experts disregard this problem again and again. This is attributed to the fact that some manufacturers do not have planetary roller extruder sections / modules in their program and are afraid of losing the project.

• -zwischen Extruder und Düse besondere Maßnahmen zur Verteilung der Schmelze zu treffen. Dazu eignen sich eine Schmelzepumpe und/oder Lenkungsmittel, die verhindern, dass die Schmelze einfach den Weg des geringsten Widerstandes nimmt.
• -mehrere Extruder über der Breite (Länge des Düsenschlitzes) der Düse anzuordnen, so dass die Wege der Schmelze entsprechend verkürzt werden.

Another preferred place of use of the planetary roller extruder section / module is the cooling down of a prepared melt before it exits the extruder, in particular before it exits through a nozzle of the extruder. As a rule, the process temperature in the extruder is significantly higher than the outlet temperature. Cooling is particularly necessary when the nozzle is intended to produce a shape. For the shaping, it is advantageous if the melt temperature is as close as possible to the temperature limit at which it is still possible to exit through the nozzle without problems. This is all the more difficult, the more complicated the nozzle shape is, which has to correspond to the cross-section of the profile to be produced. Complicated points on a nozzle are given in particular at corners and bulges. But slot nozzles are also complicated. The problem here is the even distribution of the melt with the same properties over the length of the nozzle. In the case of a slot die with a central connection of the extruder, the Melt path from the center of the extruder to the center of the nozzle is the shortest path. The melt path to the extreme ends of the slot die is the longest. For this it is known

• - to take special measures to distribute the melt between the extruder and the nozzle. A melt pump and / or steering means that prevent the melt simply taking the path of least resistance are suitable for this purpose.
• -to arrange several extruders across the width (length of the nozzle slot) of the nozzle, so that the paths of the melt are shortened accordingly.

Similar problems can arise if the profile cross-section has different thicknesses, in particular if there are significant increases in thickness and a correspondingly large amount of material has to flow in order to fill the cross-sectional thickening. An additional extruder, which provides the necessary amount of melt, also helps here.

Similar problems can arise with nozzles for hollow profiles. The most common hollow profiles are hoses. A nozzle with an annular nozzle opening is provided for the production of the hoses. For this purpose, the nozzle has an outer ring and a mandrel or cone arranged in it (usually in the middle). There is a gap between the mandrel / cone and the surrounding outer ring, which determines the opening width of the nozzle. In the development of the nozzle opening and a comparison with the slot nozzle, it can be seen that with a single melt feed similar path problems arise as with the slot nozzle. This can be remedied in the same way as with the slot nozzle.

• Die Herstellung der Filme bzw. Folien kann durch alle technisch gängigen Herstellungsverfahren erfolgen, z.B. als Gießfolie, Blasfolie, Castfolie, durch (co)extrusion, durch Kalandrieren usw....
• Bei den für den Aufschmelz- bzw. Mischprozess verwendeten Extrudern kann es sich sowohl um Einschneckenextruder als auch um Zweischneckenextruder (sowohl gleich- als auch gegenlaufend) oder Mehrwellenextruder (z.B. mit Zentralspindel) handeln.

Even if different solutions are available to compensate for the problems resulting from the different path lengths in film production, hose production, etc. One problem remains with all solutions. That is the tempering. It should therefore be a must for the competent person skilled in the art to think about the use of a planetary roller extruder section / module for cooling the melt at the extruder end of a single screw extruder or twin screw extruder. That is all the more true than that EP1869109B1 on page 9 , Middle, the following note can be found:

• The production of the films or foils can be carried out by all technically common manufacturing processes, e.g. as cast film, blown film, cast film, by (co) extrusion, by calendering, etc ...
• The extruders used for the melting or mixing process can be single-screw extruders as well as twin-screw extruders (both co-rotating and counter-rotating) or multi-screw extruders (eg with a central spindle).

Multi-screw extruder is a seldom used term for planetary roller extruder. In connection with “central spindle”, this clearly includes a reference to planetary roller extruders for a specialist.

As far as the experts, when considering the planetary roller extruder sections / modules, have concerns that the planetary roller extruder section / module gives the melt too little pressure, this is the combination with a single-screw extruder section / module described above in the magazine Kunststoffe from 1983, p. 343 insignificant because the single screw extruder section / module develops so much pressure that it passes over the planetary roller extruder section / module connected downstream in the extrusion direction. This means that the pressure of the single screw extruder section / module continues into the nozzle beyond the planetary roller extruder section / module. Alternatively or additionally, one or more melt pumps can be connected downstream of the planetary roller extruder section / module in the extrusion direction. The melt pumps can raise the melt pressure at any point to a desired level.

The section / module structure of the extruder enables measuring devices and / or degassing lines or supply lines for liquid media to be arranged between the sections / modules. Liquid media can be, for example: propellants or other molten mixture components.
It has proven useful to inject these liquids into the system via injection rings. The rings can also form the holder for measuring devices.

It is also known to introduce melt via a side arm extruder or a pump through the housing into an extruder section / module.

• DE 102005007952A1 , DE102004061068A1 , DE102004038875A1 , DE102004048794A1 , DE102004048773A1 , DE102004048440A1 , DE102004046228A1 , DE102004044086A1 , DE102004044085A1 , DE102004038774A1 , DE102004034039A1 , DE102004032694A1 , DE102004026799B4 , DE102004023085A1 , DE102004004230A1 , DE102004002159A1 , DE19962886A1 , DE19962883A1 , DE19962859A1 , DE19960494A1 , DE19958398A1 , DE19956803A1 , DE19956802A1 , DE19953796A1 , DE19953793A1 .

Because of the details and variations of known planetary roller extruders or sections / modules, reference is made to the following publications:

• DE 102005007952A1 , DE102004061068A1 , DE102004038875A1 , DE102004048794A1 , DE102004048773A1 , DE102004048440A1 , DE102004046228A1 , DE102004044086A1 , DE102004044085A1 , DE102004038774A1 , DE102004034039A1 , DE102004032694A1 , DE102004026799B4 , DE102004023085A1 , DE102004004230A1 , DE102004002159A1 , DE19962886A1 , DE19962883A1 , DE19962859A1 , DE19960494A1 , DE19958398A1 , DE19956803A1 , DE19956802A1 , DE19953796A1 , DE19953793A1 .

In the case of the extruders, for example, the following can occur: filling zone, melting zone, mixing zone / dispersing zone / homogenizing zone and discharge zone. The discharge zone can include cooling and discharge. However, cooling and discharge can also be viewed as separate zones. There are also other zones.

From the WO2013 / 159801 shows a modular extruder system with a module which is used to introduce feedstock, and an outlet-side module which is used to cool the mixture formed in the extruder to the outlet temperature.

The module for introducing the feed material can be referred to as a filling part. The filling part has the design of a single screw extruder. The screw provided in its housing is preferably in one piece with the central spindle of the downstream modules designed in planetary roller extruder design.

From the US6074084 a modular extruder system is also known. This extruder system includes a filling part in a single-screw extruder design, several modules in a planetary roller extruder design and a discharge-side module in a single-screw extruder design. Degassing is provided between two planetary roller extruder modules. The material passage is blocked in the axial direction. However, the melt is given the opportunity to escape through the housing jacket of the front module in the flow direction into a degassing device. The degassed melt is fed into the downstream module of the extruder system.

From the DE29724783 a modular extruder system is also known. The various modules are designed in planetary roller extruder design. Each module has planetary spindles that revolve around a central spindle in an internally toothed housing. The planetary spindles slide on a ring construction of the housings during their rotation. To reduce the wear of the planetary spindles on the spindle heads that are in contact with the ring structure, wear-resistant pins are used in the spindle heads.

When discharging the melt, nozzles are used in many cases, with which the emerging melt is to be brought into a certain shape. The melt holds the desired shape after exiting the nozzle only if it has a certain strength immediately after exiting the nozzle, which increases as the melt cools down. This desired dimensional stability is temperature-dependent. If the processing temperature of the melt in the extruder is higher, the melt is cooled until it exits the nozzle.
The cooling before the melt exits the extruder can also be necessary for reasons other than shaping. For example, if a lower temperature is required for processing in a downstream plant.

With the older proposal after the WO2018 / 192677 the cooling is improved and a more extensive application is proposed.

The older proposal is based on the knowledge that the cooling in the extruder depends on its construction. Planetary roller extruders show a better cooling effect than single-screw extruders and twin-screw extruders. This results from the fact that the melt in the planetary roller extruder is brought into contact with the cooling surface much more frequently than in other types of extruder, then pushed off the cooling surfaces again, mixed and brought back into contact with the cooling surfaces. According to the older proposal, cooling modules / sections in planetary roller extruder design are therefore provided where cooling is required to significantly reduce the melt temperature.

• -bei der Bearbeitung der Schmelze an einer bestimmten Stelle der Extrusionsstrecke. Die Extrusionsstrecke ist die Strecke vom Eintritt der Einsatzstoffe in den Extruder bis zum Austritt aus dem Extruder. Die Kühlmodule/Abschnitte haben dann die Aufgabe des Herunterkühlens der Schmelze auf eine gewünschte Prozesstemperatur
• -vor dem Austritt der Schmelze aus dem Extruder. Dort ist die Einhaltung einer Temperatur für eine anschließende Formgebung der Schmelze unerlässlich. Bei zu hoher oder zu niedriger Temperatur scheitert die Formgebung. Außerdem besteht die Gefahr des Einfrierens der Anlage bei zu niedriger Temperatur.

Bei der Folienherstellung ist die Temperaturführung besonders kritisch. Ist die Schmelzetemperatur bei der Folienbildung zu hoch, so wird die Folienbildung beeinträchtigt. Die Folie reißt schnell.
Ist die Schmelzetemperatur bei der Folienbildung zu niedrig, so gibt es zum Beispiel Dickenprobleme. Die Anlage kann sogar einfrieren.This can be important in different places:

• - when processing the melt at a certain point on the extrusion line. The extrusion route is the route from the entry of the feedstock into the extruder to the exit from the extruder. The cooling modules / sections then have the task of cooling the melt down to a desired process temperature
• -before the melt exits the extruder. There it is essential to maintain a certain temperature for subsequent shaping of the melt. If the temperature is too high or too low, the molding fails. There is also the risk of the system freezing if the temperature is too low.

Temperature control is particularly critical in film production. If the melt temperature during film formation is too high, film formation is impaired. The foil tears quickly.
If the melt temperature during film formation is too low, there are problems with thickness, for example. The plant can even freeze.

The problem of excessively hot melt often arises with single-screw extruders because the melt is pushed by the screw through the surrounding housing without any significant circulation of the melt and a significant mixture of cooled melt parts with less cold melt parts. There is a risk of hot nests.

The same happens if the melt is too cold. The cold melt is pushed through the single-screw extruder without any significant mixing and unification of the melt. There is a comparable risk of nest formation. Instead of hot nests, there are cold nests.

However, the problem of excessively hot melt also arises with twin-screw extruders which are provided with electrical heating. The electrical heating cannot be used for cooling.

While only a very problematic cooling is possible with electrically heated twin screw extruders and the cooling of single screw extruders is also problematic, a cooler of the planetary roller extruder design has a much greater cooling effect.

With the right melt temperature, throughput can regularly be increased significantly.

Particular advantages of this cooling result in the case of a blowing agent-laden melt which foams when and / or after exiting the extruder.

Advantages of this cooling also result for blowing agent-free melt. The cooling is also advantageous for the production of profile strands. The advantages of this cooling also apply to the production of foils from the melt. The thinner the foils, the more precisely the melt temperature has to be set and controlled.

Advantages of this cooling also result for the production of granulates from the melt. During the production of granules, the melt is discharged from a large number of small nozzle openings, so that thin strands of melt are created that are cut into small pieces with one or more knives. The nozzle openings can be located in the extruder housing or in a plate at the discharge end of the extruder.

• -mittels einer Düse, welche die Schmelze gleichzeitig über die Länge der Düse auf der Walze ausbreitet, so dass ein Film auf der Walze entsteht
• -mittels einer bewegten Düse, welche hin- und hergehend über die Länge der Walze fährt

Advantages of this cooling also result when the melt is deposited on a roller. The melt is deposited

• -by means of a nozzle, which spreads the melt simultaneously over the length of the nozzle on the roller, so that a film is formed on the roller
• -by means of a moving nozzle, which moves back and forth over the length of the roller

The deposit can be carried out continuously with a strand or in particle form. The particles can be uniform or non-uniform. It can, for example, be granules or schnitzel. The particles can also be sprinkled on the roller. Fine particles can be blown onto the roller. The finer the particles, the thinner films that can be produced.

The particles applied to the roller can be fused with one another and / or processed with the aid of at least one further roller. The heat required for fusing can be brought in by heating the roller and / or by heating from the outside.

The advantages of this cooling also result in the production of multilayer composite material from the melt; for single layers or multiple layers. Ideally, the melt for all layers is produced simultaneously on several extruders and then processed into thin foils, which are then brought together immediately so that the heat from the production of the foils can be used to laminate the foils on top of one another. Such laminates preferably consist of two higher quality cover layers and a lower quality filler layer between them. The filling layer consists, for example, of recycled material and has the task of spacing the outer layers apart. Precise temperature control is extremely important in this production from different materials, because the temperature window for bringing together and joining the foils becomes smaller and smaller, the more foils of different properties are to be brought together.

Advantages of this cooling also result for the production of moldings from the melt, in particular by injection molding. The more precisely the melt is set to the desired injection temperature before the injection process, the better the quality of the molded part. In most cases, this is synonymous with less molding time for the molded part.

A cooling module / cooling section can advantageously be planned at any point on new extruder systems. Such a cooling module / cooling section can be retrofitted on many extruder systems. This results from the system of contemporary extruders, also contemporary planetary roller extruders.

On modern extruders, an extruder section / module is usually assigned to each zone. Each housing is flanged at each end so that each housing can be flange-connected to its adjacent housing. Only at the discharge end of the extruder is there no module / section. However, a flange is preferably also provided there.
All flanges are preferably the same, in particular provided with the same connection dimensions. This promotes the interchangeability or the changeability of the extruder for adaptation to a desired process or a change in the process. The possibility of change also contributes if the central spindle is provided with a uniform toothing over the entire length. The toothing of the associated planetary spindles and the internal toothing of the housings belonging to the various modules / sections correspond to the toothing of the central spindle. That is, a uniform toothing of the central spindle requires a toothing of the corresponding planetary roller extruder parts, which can come into engagement with the toothing of the central spindle and can then run as a planetary roller extruder part. With normal toothed planetary spindles, the toothing of the planetary spindles and the internal toothing is the same as the toothing of the central spindle. However, other planetary spindles with partially reduced toothing can also be used. The reduction of the toothing can take different forms. For example, teeth may have been completely or partially removed so that transport spindles or hedgehog spindles or knob spindles are created. For the details of these spindles, reference is made to FIG DE4308098 , DE102019001191 , DE 102009013839 , DE102009009775 , DE102016010082 , DE102016007290 , DE102017006638 , DE102016002143 , DE102013000708 , DE102017001093 , DE102015001167 , DE102019000610 , DE102011112081 , DE102009009775 .

Advantageously, the tooth-reduced planetary spindles can also run with the central spindle and the internally toothed housing. The only question that always arises is whether, despite the tooth reduction, it is still ensured that the planetary spindles do not jump out of the teeth of the central spindle and the teeth of the internal toothing of the housing under load . This is usually achieved by the fact that parts of the planetary spindles remain with normal toothing, i.e. are not reduced in teeth. The non-toothed parts of the planetary spindles can be referred to as running surfaces or guide surfaces.

With these different planetary spindles, the processing of the input material can be influenced in the same way and even more and even better than with the different toothing of a single-screw extruder.

Such extruders, constructed in sections or modules, have modules / sections which (apart from a sequence predetermined by a desired process) can be arranged at any desired point on the extruder and are functional there. This allows a cooling extruder section / module to be arranged at any desired point between or in front of or after other extruder sections / modules. Optionally, one or more existing extruder sections / modules can also be exchanged for one or more cooling extruders that can run with the central spindle in the same way as the replaced / removed (original) extruder sections / modules.

Such extruder sections / modules result in a significant simplification of the construction. The size of the extruder is determined on the basis of the desired output and any desired processing of the input materials can be carried out by selecting the extruder sections / modules. This includes the combination of extruder sections / modules of different designs. The total number of extruder sections / modules determines the length of the extruder. The common central spindle / screw for all extruder section modules is determined on the basis of the length. In the extreme case, the extruder can consist of only one section / module. As a rule, at least two extruder sections / modules are provided, of which one section / module forms a filler part and the other section / module forms a mixing part. Mostly it is a filling part in single-screw extruder design, while the mixing part has a planetary roller extruder design if special requirements are placed on the mixing.
However, the extruder can also have seven or more sections / modules. Individual sections / modules can fulfill special tasks, for example bringing about a chemical reaction between components of the processed feedstock or degassing the extruded material. Material can also be fed in in stages and mixed in in separate sections / modules. Everything can be done at the same temperature or at different temperatures. Depending on the process control in the extruder, one or more cooling extruder sections / modules are provided. In the WO2018 / 192677 Various variations are proposed to achieve a special cooling effect.

The invention has set itself the task of creating even more possible applications for the cooling extruder sections / modules. This is achieved with the features of the main claim. The subclaims describe preferred exemplary embodiments.

The invention has turned to extrusion systems in which additional cooling can be advantageous. As far as the experts get involved in the conversion of existing systems, this is limited to additions or changes in the area of measuring, introducing media, drawing off gas. The housings are changed or changes are made between the housings of the sections / modules. Further changes are not customary.

According to the invention, additional cooling is achieved with the features of the main claim.

The main claim includes the following variants. One variant assumes that the existing extruder is supplemented by a cooling extruder module / section without the replacement described above taking place.

The invention is based on the fact that the housings attached to one another usually enclose worms or enclose the central spindles which extend through all modules.

• -der aus Abschnitten/Modulen zusammen gesetzte Einschneckenextruder besitzt eine einzige Schnecke, welche sich durch alle Abschnitte/Module erstreckt.
• -die Planetwalzenextruder besitzen eine Zentral spindel, welche sich durch alle Module erstreckt

This means,

• -the single screw extruder composed of sections / modules has a single screw which extends through all sections / modules.
• -the planetary roller extruders have a central spindle which extends through all modules

• -Zur Ergänzung des vorhandenen Extruders um einen Kühlextruderabschnitt/Modul ist eine Verlängerung der Zentralspindel vorgesehen. Dies kann auf zwei Wegen erfolgen.
• -Ein Weg beinhaltet eine Auswechselung der vorhandenen Zentralspindel gegen eine längere Zentralspindel. Das zugehörige Gehäuse des Kühlextruderabschnitts/Moduls besitzt eine Länge, die der Verlängerung der Zentralspindel entspricht. Das Gehäuse besitzt eine Innenverzahnung, die gleich der Innenverzahnung der anderen Gehäuse ist. Das Gehäuse besitzt einen Anlaufring wie die anderen Gehäuse. Außerdem umschließt das Gehäuse des ergänzenden Kühlextruderabschnitts/Moduls Planetspindeln und Anlaufringe wie bei den bereits vorhandenen Extruderabschnitten/Modulen.
• -Ein anderer Weg zur Verlängerung geht davon aus, dass die bis dahin genutzte Zentralspindel eine Spitze besitzt, die montierbar bzw. demontierbar ist. Diese Bauweise ist üblich und weitgehend mit der Fertigung/Konstruktion der Zentralspindel begründet. Die Fertigung/Konstruktion der Zentralspindel geht von einer Stange oder Rohr aus. Die Stange oder Rohr wird außen verzahnt. Antriebsseitig wird die Zentralspindel mit einem Getriebe gekoppelt. Üblich ist, die Zentralspindel mit dem Abtriebszapfen des Getriebes zu verspannen. In vielen Ausführungsformen dient zum Verspannen ein Anker, der in die Zentralspindel greift. Dazu sind Rohre als Zentralspindel von Vorteil. Darüber hinaus sind Rohre von Vorteil, wenn eine Temperierung der Zentralspindel vorgesehen ist. Dann wird Temperierungsmittel durch die Zentralspindel geführt.

The planetary roller extruder section / module also includes at least the planetary spindles rotating around the central spindle and the internal toothing of the housing. The end of the planetary spindles facing the extruder discharge (rear end in the extrusion direction) slide on a stop ring that is held in the housing. As a rule, the length of the planetary spindles is limited to the respective section / module.

• - To supplement the existing extruder with a cooling extruder section / module, an extension of the central spindle is provided. This can be done in two ways.
• One way involves replacing the existing central spindle with a longer central spindle. The associated housing of the cooling extruder section / module has a length that corresponds to the extension of the central spindle. The housing has internal teeth that are the same as the internal teeth of the other housings. The housing has a thrust ring like the other housings. In addition, the housing of the additional cooling extruder section / module encloses planetary spindles and thrust rings as in the existing extruder sections / modules.
• Another way of extending it is based on the fact that the central spindle used until then has a tip that can be assembled or disassembled. This type of construction is common and largely based on the manufacture / construction of the central spindle. The production / construction of the central spindle is based on one Rod or tube. The rod or tube is toothed on the outside. On the drive side, the central spindle is coupled with a gear. It is common practice to brace the central spindle with the output journal of the gear unit. In many embodiments, an anchor that engages in the central spindle is used for bracing. For this purpose, pipes are advantageous as the central spindle. In addition, pipes are advantageous if the central spindle is to be tempered. The temperature control medium is then passed through the central spindle.

• -Für die erfindungsgemäße Verlängerung der Zentralspindel für den Anbau eines Extruderkühlmoduls/Abschnitts wird entweder die Spitze ausgewechselt oder ein Zentralspindelzwischenstück eingebaut.

The tip is at the other end of the central spindle, on the exit side. The tip's job is to direct the melt into a nozzle. If necessary, the tip also has the task of deflecting the temperature control medium, which flows in the central spindle towards the tip and has to return again.

• For the extension of the central spindle according to the invention for the attachment of an extruder cooling module / section, either the tip is exchanged or a central spindle adapter is installed.

In one version, the previous point is replaced by a point, which at the same time extends the central spindle. The tip then has a part which is designed like a central spindle, that is to say has external teeth and in the area of the external teeth is in engagement with planetary spindles and internal teeth on the housing. In this case, a positioning aid for the tip is preferably provided on the previous central spindle. The positioning aid is used to ensure the correct rotational position of the tip in relation to the previous central spindle. It is advantageous to provide the central spindle and the tip with the external toothing in one operation. The positioning aid can secure the tip during a joint toothing with the previous central spindle and / or ensure that, after dismantling and reassembly, the teeth of the previous central spindle merge into the teeth of the tip without step formation (in alignment).

The positioning aid can be formed, for example, by a pin which jointly penetrates the central spindle and the tip in their correct position. For example, an area in which the central spindle engages in an opening in the tip with a pin or collar is suitable for penetration. Conversely, an area can also be suitable for the penetration in which the tip engages with a pin or collar in an opening in the central spindle.

The positioning aid can be a face gear on the central spindle head with which the central spindle engages in a corresponding face gear on the tip.

Planetary spindles and an internally toothed housing then correspond to the externally toothed part of the tip. The length of the planetary spindles and the housing is adapted to the externally toothed part of the tip. This housing is referred to below as an extension housing. Like the housings of other extruder modules or extruder sections, it has or comprises corresponding parts that make it an extruder module or extruder section. The housing with the associated planetary spindles and the externally toothed part of the tip is referred to below as an extension module or extension section.

Optionally, the previous tip of the central spindle is also used and a central spindle adapter is provided between the tip and the head of the previous central spindle. Then there are connection points between the previous central spindle and the central spindle intermediate piece on the one hand and the tip and the central spindle piece on the other hand. A positioning aid is then also provided for both connection points, as in the embodiment explained above.

The intermediate piece, the corresponding planetary spindles and the surrounding housing also result in extension modules / extension sections.

• -dabei kann der Verlängerungsmodul mit dem Zwischenstück mit dem zugehörigen Gehäuse, zugehörigen Planetspindeln und Anlaufring an der gewählten Stelle eingesetzt werden, oder
• -das Zwischenstück für die Zentralspindel einerseits und das Gehäuse mit Planetspindeln andererseits können an unterschiedlichen Stellen eingesetzt werden. Das heißt, durch das Zwischenstück wird die Zentralspindel verlängert.

Optionally, the above-described technique of the extension modules / extension sections can also be used to supplement existing extruders with cooling modules / sections that are to be positioned between two existing extruder modules / sections.

• - the extension module with the intermediate piece with the associated housing, associated planetary spindles and thrust ring can be used at the selected point, or
• -The intermediate piece for the central spindle on the one hand and the housing with planetary spindles on the other hand can be used in different places. This means that the central spindle is lengthened by the intermediate piece.

This allows the housing with the planetary spindles to be used at another point between two existing extruder sections / modules after the central spindle has been extended. The cooling extruder section / module can thereby advantageously be used at the optimal location for cooling or near the optimal location for cooling on the extrusion line. At the same time, the central spindle can be extended at the point which is optimal for this or is close to the optimum.

Preferably, a cooling module / section in planetary roller extruder design has a housing whose dimensions are adapted to the housings of other modules / sections that belong to the extrusion system. The other modules / sections can have a single-screw construction or a planetary roller extruder construction. With these types of construction, all modules / sections on the housings or on their flanges described above can be connected to one another in alignment and penetrated by a common worm / central spindle.

If a planetary roller extruder cooling module is attached to a conventional extruder in the form described above, the result may be that the melt exits the cooling module or the nozzle at the correct temperature but with insufficient pressure. In this case it can be useful to generate the desired pressure with a downstream melt pump or with a downstream short extruder. The downstream short extruder is preferably a single screw extruder. The downstream short extruder can be short because it does not have to provide any output other than the pressure increase. This means that the downstream short extruder can lack the usual parts such as the mixing zone, the homogenization zone and other zones.

If there is still space for the short extruder to build up pressure between the additional extension section / extension module in the axial direction of the original extruder, the short extruder can be aligned with the original extruder and the extension module or extension section, so that a connection / coupling of the short extruder with the extension section / Extension module is possible as it is provided between the extension module / extension section and the original extruder.
If there is no space for the arrangement described above, the short extruder can be arranged as a side arm extruder on the extension module / extension section. This includes not only a lateral arrangement on the extension module / extension section, but also an arrangement above or below the extension module / extension section as well as an inclined arrangement.
In contrast to conventional side-arm extruders that feed extrusion material into an extruder, the side-arm extruder according to the invention has a different conveying direction, namely a conveying direction with which the extrusion material is discharged from the extruder and downstream processing systems are fed with the corresponding pressure. The short extruder is preferably of the type of a single screw extruder. The short extruder can, however, also have a different type of construction.

When converting existing systems by interposing a cooling extruder section / cooling extruder module, the cooling extruder section or cooling extruder module should be connected to downstream systems in the same way as the original extruder. The same applies if not only a cooling extruder section / cooling extruder module, but also a short extruder is interposed to increase the pressure in the extrusion material. If, for example, the original extruder was connected to downstream systems via a melt line, the melt line also serves as a connection to the downstream systems when a cooling extruder section or cooling extruder module or short extruder is connected.

Another way to extend an existing extrusion system with a cooling extruder section / module is to create a tandem system. The cooling planetary roller extruder module / section becomes a secondary extruder and thus part of a tandem system. The advantage of this design is the possibility of a drive for the secondary extruder that is independent of the primary extruder of the tandem system. With the independent drive, an additional possibility for influencing the process is gained. In the case of an independently driven secondary extruder, one no longer speaks of a module or section, but of an extruder.

If the secondary extruder is followed by a further, independently drivable extruder, this is referred to as a cascade system. The secondary extruder can advantageously work together with any primary extruder in any design, including a primary extruder in a twin-screw extruder design.

In a tandem system according to the invention, the secondary extruder can be arranged in such a way that its longitudinal axis runs parallel to the longitudinal axis of the primary extruder.

The secondary extruder can also be arranged differently, namely with its longitudinal axis transverse to the longitudinal axis of the primary extruder. If the primary extruder is arranged horizontally, this can result in a vertical arrangement of the secondary extruder. The vertical arrangement of the secondary extruder compared to a horizontally arranged primary extruder can develop considerable spatial advantages if the extent of the secondary extruder is greater in the longitudinal direction than it is transverse to it. In either arrangement, both extruders can be connected to one another by a melt line. A temperature control of the melt line is advantageous so that no melt freezes in the line in the event of an interruption in operation.

The secondary extruder is connected either directly or indirectly via a melt line to the nozzle, with which a profile or a film etc. is formed from the melt.
Temperature control is also advantageous for this melt line.

For a vertical arrangement of the secondary extruder, a design that was developed for laboratory extruders can also be used. With this design, the secondary extruder is open at the end pointing upwards, so that the melt to be further cooled from the primary extruder can simply enter the secondary extruder and be pulled down by the planetary spindles or the central spindle. This extruder or extruder section / module has all the typical features of a planetary roller extruder design with externally toothed central spindle, externally toothed planetary spindle and internally toothed, surrounding housing, with the planetary spindles rotating around the central spindle and simultaneously meshing with the toothing of the central spindle and the toothing of the housing.

During the revolution, the planetary spindles slide on a thrust ring at the front end in the extrusion direction.
The central spindle is driven from above and the cooled melt is drawn off in the axial direction of the central spindle at the bottom. The central spindle can also be driven from below. Then the cooled melt is withdrawn from the side.

If the transition from the primary extruder to the secondary extruder requires shielding the melt from the ambient air, it is possible to enclose the transition from the primary extruder to the secondary extruder. This housing can also be used to degas the melt. The housing is then preferably connected to a suction line, so that there is a negative pressure in the transition, which promotes the degassing.

• -einen Füllungsgrad von vorzugsweise größer 95%, noch weiter bevorzugt von größer 98% vom Hohlraumvolumen des Extruders
• -eine Drossel am Austritt des Kühlextruders
• -Schmelzeeintrag unter Druck, der größer als der Förderdruck der Planetwalzenextruderteile ist
• -eine Schmelzepumpe für den Schmelzeeintrag, gegebenenfalls mit vorgeordneter Einschneckenteil zum Schmelzeeintrag, oder
• -Seitenarmextruder am Eintritt des Kühlextruders
• -minimierter Eintrag mechanischer Energie in die Schmelze während des Durchlaufes durch den Kühlextruder
• -Abstand zwischen den Planetspindeln größer/gleich als deren Außendurchmesser
• -reduzierte Drehzahl der Zentralspindel
• -reduzierte Verzahnung durch Noppenverzahnung oder Transportspindelverzahnung oder durch Igelverzahnung an den Planetspindeln
• -größere Kühlstrecke

The cooling performance of the cooling extruder according to the invention can be increased with one or more of the following features:

• a degree of filling of preferably greater than 95%, even more preferably greater than 98% of the cavity volume of the extruder
• -a throttle at the outlet of the cooling extruder
• -Melt entry under pressure, which is greater than the feed pressure of the planetary roller extruder parts
• -a melt pump for the melt feed, if necessary with an upstream single screw part for the melt feed, or
• -Side arm extruder at the inlet of the cooling extruder
• -minimized input of mechanical energy into the melt during the passage through the cooling extruder
• -Distance between the planetary spindles greater than / equal to their outer diameter
• -reduced speed of the central spindle
• -reduced toothing through knob toothing or transport spindle toothing or through hedgehog toothing on the planetary spindles
• - larger cooling section

Planetary roller extruders with a degree of filling of less than 90%, preferably less than 80% of their cavity volume in the operational state with all planetary spindles and others are usually used Share drove. The module / section or secondary extruder provided for the cooling according to the invention is preferably operated with 100% filling / degree of filling of the cavity volume. Where this does not succeed, a filling / filling degree of greater than 98% is provided; where this does not work either, with a filling / filling level greater than 95%.

The filling / degree of filling according to the invention is achieved by throttling the melt flow at the outlet. In the simplest case, a correspondingly small nozzle cross-section is sufficient to achieve the desired throttling.
The nozzle cross-section can also be changed, for example by using exchangeable rings with different opening cross-sections. This is regularly associated with a renovation. An adjustable throttle can also be achieved by a throttle valve upstream of the nozzle in the direction of flow. When starting up the system, the throttle valve can be kept completely or largely closed until a desired degree of filling has formed in the module / section (in planetary roller extruder design). Then it is easier to achieve stable operation with the desired filling / filling level of the module / section in the short term.

The same effect as with a throttle valve can be achieved with a speed-controllable melt pump between the cooling module / section and the outlet nozzle. The melt pump has the additional advantage that the melt pressure in the nozzle can be changed within wide limits.

On the inlet side, the desired filling / degree of filling can be achieved by the primary extruder or an extruder section / module upstream of the cooling extruder section / module in the secondary extruder in the extrusion direction. The upstream extruder section / module can be of any design, preferably the upstream extruder section / module is of the design of a single-screw extruder. The single screw can be relatively short, for example a length of 1 to 2 D can be sufficient, D being the external screw diameter. The single screw can also be part of the central spindle in the form explained above, which then extends as a single screw through the extruder part, which is connected upstream of the cooling module / section.

On the inlet side, the melt can also be fed into the secondary extruder through a side arm extruder. The side arm extruder is preferably in the form of a twin screw extruder. The melt can be introduced transversely to the housing center axis and through the housing of the cooling module / cooling section. The side arm extruder then has its own drive. The drive can preferably be regulated so that the melt supply can be increased or reduced as required.

Sidearm extruders are described, for example, in the following publications: WO2008 / 058609 , WO2013 / 159801 , WO2014 / 056553 , WO2017 / 001048 , WO2017 / 028936 , DE10054854 , DE10356423 , DE102006001171 , DE102008018686 .

Instead of the side arm extruder, melt pumps can also be used to feed the melt into the secondary extruder.

In the case of a cooling module / section / secondary extruder according to the invention, it is advantageous to introduce as little mechanical energy as possible into the melt as it passes through the cooling extruder. The energy introduced would have to be dissipated again through the cooling together with the excess energy from the previous melt preparation. The energy expenditure for the movement of the central spindle and the rotating planetary spindles can be reduced by increasing the distance between the planetary spindles on their orbit. While the planetary spindle distance in normal melt preparation, for example in plastic preparation, is usually much smaller than half the outer planetary spindle diameter, according to the invention a distance between two adjacent planetary spindles on their orbit around the central spindle is preferably provided for the operation of a cooling module / section / secondary extruder according to the invention, which is at least equal to the outer diameter of the planetary spindles. Even more preferably, the distance is at least 1.5 times the outer diameter of the planetary spindle.
The greater distance between the planetary spindles results in a greatly reduced number of planetary spindles. However, the invention also takes into account that the reduced number of planetary spindles is accompanied by a reduced exchange of material on the cooling surfaces of the planetary roller extruder section / module / secondary extruder. The distance between the planetary spindles is therefore preferably no greater than twice the outer diameter of the planetary spindle.

According to the invention, the cooling is dosed in such a way that the melt in the deepest point between the teeth of the internal toothing in the housing / bushing does not solidify in such a way that it blocks the rotation of the moving parts. With increasing cooling, the melt usually becomes more viscous. The motor has to generate a greater power to maintain the desired speed. This manifests itself in a higher current consumption of the motor. Therefore, the cooling can be monitored / controlled on the basis of the power consumption of the drive motor for the cooling module / section / secondary extruder. This prevents the moving parts from jamming.

If the desired reduction in melt temperature is not achieved with the above regulation / setting, the cooling section is lengthened and / or the residence time of the melt in the cooling system is lengthened in another way, according to the invention.
The cooling section is lengthened by lengthening the extruder. In the case of a modular cooling extruder, the extension can also be carried out by adding a further cooling module.
For this purpose, a further housing is attached to the existing housing of a cooling module in such a way that overlong planetary spindles can extend through both housings or even more housings. The sockets of the modules can be aligned with their teeth so that an overlong planetary spindle can mesh with the internal teeth of one socket and the internal teeth of the other socket at the same time.
According to the invention, it is then preferably used that the internal toothing of the sockets has a whole number of teeth (whole teeth are arranged circumferentially next to one another on the inner surface of the socket and run parallel to one another from one socket end to the other socket end). In order to bring about a perfect engagement of the planetary spindle in the internal toothing of adjacent bushings, the bushings are brought to a certain distance at which the planetary spindles engage in the toothing of both bushings at the same time. Assuming that the sockets in the module housings are always in the same position, the distance can be calculated from the pitch of the teeth and their dimensions.

• -zunächst die Zentralspindel am Extruderantrieb montiert wird,
• -dann von den vorgesehenen Planetwalzenextrudermodulen das in Extrusionsrichtung erste Gehäuse montiert wird,
• -dann das in Extrusionsrichtung nächste (zweite) Gehäuse über die Zentralspindel geschoben wird,
• -dann zwischen die Zentralspindel und das zweite Gehäuse eine Planetspindel (besser mehrere, um die Zentralspindel gleichmäßig verteilte Planetspindeln) geschoben wird, bis die Planetspindel an die Buchse des zweiten Gehäuses stößt
• -dann der Abstand der Gehäuse unter Drehung der Planetspindel verändert wird, bis die Planetspindel mit einem Zahn in die Verzahnung der Buchse des ersten Gehäuses greift.

The distance can also be determined empirically by, for example

• -first, the central spindle is mounted on the extruder drive,
• -then from the planned planetary roller extruder modules the first housing in the extrusion direction is mounted,
• -then the next (second) housing in the extrusion direction is pushed over the central spindle,
• Then a planetary spindle (better several planetary spindles evenly distributed around the central spindle) is pushed between the central spindle and the second housing until the planetary spindle hits the socket of the second housing
• -then the distance between the housing is changed by rotating the planetary spindle until the planetary spindle engages with a tooth in the toothing of the socket of the first housing.

• -dann werden die benachbarten Gehäuse an den Flanschen miteinander verspannt, so dass das Zwischenstück zwischen den benachbarten Gehäuseenden eingespannt wird.

The resulting spacing of the sockets can be used to manufacture an intermediate piece with which the gap between the two spaced sockets is completely closed in the axial direction and at least partially closed in the radial direction. The distance between the sockets determines the axial length of an intermediate piece between the two housings. The intermediate piece can surround the rotating planetary spindles without teeth. The intermediate piece, like the sockets, can be internally toothed and bridge the gap between the two sockets in such a way that a toothing length is created as in a one-piece socket on which the two housings described above are shrunk

• -then the adjacent housings are clamped together at the flanges, so that the intermediate piece is clamped between the adjacent housing ends.

An intermediate piece determined for one size can also be used in the design for the same other planetary roller extruder modules.

• -zwei Modulgehäuse auf einer überlangen Buchse aufzuschrumpfen. Das kann mit Zwischenstück oder ohne Zwischenstück erfolgen. Das Zwischenstück hätte dann vorzugsweise die Aufgabe, die Buchsen in der Lücke zwischen den aufgeschrumpften Gehäusen vor Biegelasten und anderen Lasten zu schützen.

According to the invention it can also be expedient

• -Two module housings to be shrunk onto an overlong socket. This can be done with or without an adapter. The intermediate piece would then preferably have the task of protecting the sockets in the gap between the shrunk-on housings from bending loads and other loads.

Optionally, an extruder section, which was adapted to a previously desired cooling section, can be combined with a cooling module for extension. Then the extruder section to be extended is treated like an extruder module.

The cooling extruder section / module extended in the manner described above also requires an extended central spindle. The extended central spindle can contain a custom-made product. It is also possible to extend the previous central spindle if the central spindle itself is composed of sections. The sections are then preferably made up of sleeves which are braced against one another with a tie rod. The torque does not have to be transmitted through the frictional connection between the sleeves alone. The sleeves can also have a positive fit in that they are provided with a threaded pin at one end and a threaded hole at the other end, so that one of the sleeves with the pin can be screwed into the threaded hole of the other sleeve.

Another way of extending the residence time provides that the melt is circulated in the cooling extruder / section / module / secondary extruder for a correspondingly long time and only a correspondingly small part of the melt is fed and removed.
With a correspondingly high cavity volume, the circulation can be brought about by the central spindle and the revolving planetary spindles by regulating the melt entry and the melt discharge. The discharge can be well regulated with a valve.
The circulation can take place with the usual degree of filling of the planetary roller extruder. Preferably, however, the highest possible degree of filling is used. The greater the degree of filling, the greater the amount of melt in the extruder.

To reduce the conveying effect of the planetary roller extruder, planetary spindles can also be used in the inventive
Cooling extruder section / module / secondary extruder are used which are designed wholly or partially as knob spindles or as transport spindles or as hedgehog spindles. With such spindles, less mechanical energy is introduced into the melt, which has to be discharged again by means of cooling.

When designed as knob spindles, the planetary spindles differ from planetary spindles with normal toothing in that after cutting the usual normal toothing, opposing teeth are also cut into the planetary spindles, which cross the previously cut teeth. As a result, knobs are left over as tooth trimmings. The knob teeth are described in WO2014 / 056553 , WO2011 / 091966 , WO2017 / 001048 .

The transport spindles differ from planetary spindles with normal toothing in that after cutting the usual normal toothing, individual teeth are completely or partially machined out of the planetary spindles. The number of teeth on a planetary spindle can be reduced to three teeth and even to one tooth. As long as several teeth remain from the set of teeth on a knobbed spindle, the teeth are preferably evenly distributed over the circumference of the knobbed spindle. Surprisingly, however, a knob spindle with a single tooth can be used because the single tooth winds around the planetary spindle like a thread because of the helical toothing. The transport spindles are in the patent applications EP 10006066 , DE12006033089 , EP1844917 described.

The hedgehog spindles are created in that grooves are worked into normal toothed planetary spindles at intervals, which in a lateral view of the planetary spindles run perpendicular to their longitudinal axis.

A reduced rotational speed of the central spindle can also contribute to the melt cooling according to the invention in the cooling extruder section / module / secondary extruder. Less engine power is required for the reduced speed. This means that less energy is introduced into the melt, which then has to be removed again by cooling. The usual speed of the central spindle is depending on the size of the planetary roller extruder Size Speed in rpm 70mm to 220 100mm to 220 120mm to 220 150mm to 115 180mm up to 80 200mm up to 80 250mm up to 80 300mm up to 80 400mm up to 80

According to the invention, depending on the material and its viscosity during extrusion, the motor speed is reduced by at least 10%, preferably by at least 20%, even more preferably by at least 30% and most preferably by at least 40%.

• -der auch zusammen mit einer geringen Förderwirkung der Planetwalzenextruderteile in dem Kühlmodul noch einen ausreichenden Schmelzetransport in dem Kühlmodul/Abschnitt sicher stellt
• -der auch ohne nennenswerte Förderwirkung der Planetwalzenextruderteile noch einen ausreichenden Schmelzetransport in dem Kühlmodul/Abschnitt sicher stellt
• -der mit einer Förderrichtung, die gegen die Förderwirkung der Planetwalzenextruderteile gerichtet ist (entgegen gerichtete Förderwirkung), deren Förderwirkung überwindet und einen ausreichenden Schmelzetransport durch den Kühlmodul/Abschnitt sicher stellt(wird als Überfahren der Planetwalzenextruderteile bezeichnet).

In all measures according to the invention for reducing the energy input, the use of a melt pump or a side arm extruder, but also an upstream single screw, can be advantageous. With the melt pump, the side arm extruder and the upstream single screw, a pressure can be generated in the cooling module extruder section / module / secondary extruder,

• -which, together with a low conveying effect of the planetary roller extruder parts in the cooling module, still ensures sufficient melt transport in the cooling module / section
• -which ensures sufficient melt transport in the cooling module / section even without a significant conveying effect of the planetary roller extruder parts
• -the one with a conveying direction that is directed against the conveying effect of the planetary roller extruder parts (opposing conveying effect), overcomes their conveying effect and ensures sufficient melt transport through the cooling module / section (referred to as passing over the planetary roller extruder parts).

An opposing conveying effect of the planetary roller extruder parts causes a stronger mixing of the melt. The opposing conveying effect of the planetary roller extruder parts can be achieved with conventional introduction of the melt at the drive-side end of the extruder if the conveying direction of the extruder is reversed. In the simplest case, reversing the direction of rotation can be sufficient.
At the same time, either the pump pressure is kept so high that the planetary spindles are in contact with the previous sliding rings, or the sliding rings are arranged at the opposite end of the planetary spindles in the extruder when the pump pressure is lower, so that the planetary spindles again rest against the sliding rings under the pressure of the central spindles.
The same applies if a side arm extruder is used instead of a pump.

If the conveying action is directed in the opposite direction, the previous conveying direction of the planetary roller extruder is preferably retained, so that the planetary roller extruder continues to convey in the direction of its discharge end. However, the pump is no longer arranged on the drive side but at the opposite end of the extruder, preferably in front of the discharge end. Due to the earlier discharge, no more cooled melt is discharged. Rather, the melt to be cooled is entered through this end. To discharge the melt, an opening is then provided in the planetary roller extruder housing on the drive side. At a correspondingly high pump pressure, the planetary spindles can then slide with the planetary spindle end on the drive side on the slide rings arranged on the drive side. When the pump pressure is lower, the opposite end of the planetary spindles can slide on slide rings as before.
When using a side arm extruder instead of a pump, the previous discharge end of the extruder is closed with a lid. Otherwise, the same conditions result as when using a pump.

• -Ausbildung der Planetspindeln
• -Abstand der Planetspindeln. Je größer der Abstand ist, desto stärker wird der Einfluß der Pumpe. Vorzugsweise in ein Abstand von mindestens 1D, noch weiter bevorzugt von mindestens 2D vorgesehen, wobei D der Außendurchmesser der Planetspindeln ist.
• -Druckverhältnisse

Various factors can influence the flow conditions in the extruder. This includes in particular

• -Training of the planetary spindles
• -Distance between the planetary spindles. The greater the distance, the greater the influence of the pump. Preferably provided at a distance of at least 1D, even more preferably of at least 2D, where D is the outer diameter of the planetary spindles.
• -Pressure ratios

The pumps and side arm extruders used are preferably adjustable in speed. This allows the melt feed to be regulated. A controllable valve, optionally also a pump, is preferably provided at the melt discharge. A speed-adjustable drive for the planetary roller extruder and a measurement of the power consumption as well as a temperature measurement are also included in the control. The temperature measurement preferably takes place at different points on the extruder. With the temperature measurement, all factors of the cooling process can be optimized, for example the drive speed for the planetary roller extruder section / module / secondary extruder, the melt supply, the melt discharge, the cooling temperature of the coolant.

The cooling module / section offers particularly advantageous cooling when the coolant is guided between the socket and the surrounding housing in channels which run like threads on the socket surface and at the same time guide the coolant in the axial direction of the socket

According to the invention, bushings are preferably used that have the following material thickness in millimeters (mm) at their lowest point between their teeth of the internal toothing and the coolant, depending on the size of the extruder Size Material thickness preferred material thickness 70 less than / equal to 4.5 less than / equal to 3 100 less than / equal to 4.5 less than / equal to 3 150 less than / equal to 5 less than / equal to 3.5 180 less than / equal to 5.7 less than / equal to 3.6 200 less than / equal to 5.6 less than / equal to 3.6 250 less than / equal to 5.7 less than / equal to 3.7 280 less than / equal to 6 less than / equal to 4 300 less than / equal to 6 less than / equal to 4 400 less than / equal to 6.5 less than / equal to 4.5

• -wenn die Kanäle in die Innenwand des Gehäuses eingearbeitet sind,
• -als auch wenn die Kanäle in die Außenfläche der Buchse eingearbeitete sind. Dann kommt es auf den geringsten Abstand zwischen dem Tiefsten zwischen den Zähnen und dem Tiefsten der Kanäle an.

The pitch circle diameter of the internal toothing in the housing / bushing is regarded as the size. The above dimensions should apply both

• -if the channels are worked into the inner wall of the housing,
• -as well as if the channels are machined into the outer surface of the socket. Then it comes down to the smallest distance between the deepest point between the teeth and the deepest point of the canals.

Such thin bushings are possible by using a spark erosion technique in the production of the internal toothing, as described in DE102013000708 , DE102012006169 , DE102010026535 , DE102009059912 , DE102007050466 , DE102004048440 , DE10354172 .

The bushings are preferably provided with grooves on the outside. The bushings, like the internal teeth, can be provided with the channel-forming grooves by means of spark erosion. However, if the grooves are made before the internal toothing, the grooves can also be machined on a lathe or milling bench.

In the channel-forming grooves, the coolant flows from one end of the socket to the other end of the socket. The grooves run with a slope to the central axis of the bushing like the internal teeth. The pitch of the grooves can be the same as that of the internal teeth. However, the slope can also be larger or smaller. Like the internal toothing, the grooves can be multi-threaded. With multiple threads, several channels run next to each other on the socket. The more gears there are, the better the coolant is guided.

In the case of the channels incorporated into the outer surface of the bushing, the above thickness information relates to the lowest material thickness between the deepest of the grooves / channels provided on the outside of the bushes and the deepest between two teeth of the internal toothing of the bushings.

The housings with a smooth inner bore to accommodate the bushes correspond to the externally grooved bushings. After mounting the sockets in the housing, the grooves are closed on the outside so that closed channels have arisen. The assembly is preferably carried out by shrinking the housing onto the sockets.

The thin bushings according to the invention are of great importance for cooling. They shorten the flow of heat so that the temperature can be regulated more quickly and therefore more precisely.

It is also beneficial for the temperature control if a large number of channels wind along the outer surface of the sockets. This allows the sockets to be tempered evenly. The greater the amount of heat to be transported, the greater the temperature difference between the coolant and the material to be extruded in the extruder. Furthermore, the cooling can be influenced by the flow rate of the coolant.

The cooling between the bushings and the surrounding housing is preferably supplemented with cooling of the central spindle.
For this purpose, the central spindle preferably has two tubes arranged concentrically one inside the other, between which there is an annular space. The outer tube is provided with a toothing on the outside or carries one or more externally toothed sleeves, which together form the toothing of the central spindle. The inner tube is penetrated by an armature with which the central spindle is clamped to the output pin of the drive.

The central spindle is preferably cooled with the same coolant as the cooling between the bushing and the surrounding housing. The coolant can flow back through the inner tube to the central spindle tip and through the space between the outer tube and the inner tube. Or the coolant can flow through the space between the outer tube and the inner tube to the central spindle tip and from there flow back through the inner tube.

As far as possible, water is preferably used as the coolant.

At higher temperatures, for which water is no longer suitable as a temperature control medium, oil is used. At low temperatures, we prefer to use water with an anti-freeze agent such as glycol added. An oil such as silicone oil can also be used at temperatures below zero degrees Celsius.

The recooling of the coolant depends on the temperature of the coolant exiting the extruder. At high temperatures, re-cooling can take place by means of a heat exchanger through which ambient air flows. At low temperatures, re-cooling takes place with an evaporator that is operated with high-pressure gas.

According to the invention, any desired temperature profile can be maintained over the length of the cooling section in that several cooling circuits are arranged one behind the other in the extrusion direction of the planetary roller extruder over the length of the cooling section. For this purpose, the ducts leading from one end of the cooling module / section to the other end of the cooling module / section can be divided into individual duct sections and each duct section is assigned its own cooling device so that the different duct sections can be supplied with different temperature control agents. This means that it is possible to work with a different desired temperature in each of the sections. In the case of cooling with water, each channel section is provided with its own water circuit. In the case of oil as the coolant, each section has its own oil circuit. As a rule, cooling with water is sufficient because the initial temperature of the extruded material is correspondingly high.

However, if the extrusion already has a temperature at which the cooling water temperature should expediently have a temperature below zero degrees Celsius to generate a proper temperature gradient in order to generate a proper temperature gradient between extrusion and cooling water, the water can be mixed with glycol or the like to avoid freezing in the pipes. At even lower temperatures of the extruded material, the use of silicone oil or the like can be expedient.
The cooling water, which is heated in the cooling extruder and mixed with glycol, is recooled in a heat exchanger that is operated with high-pressure gas that is expanded in the heat exchanger.

The production of a cooling module / section with a greater length is possible according to the invention, because the associated internal toothing can be produced using spark erosion technology. the Spark erosion technology for the production of internal gears for extra-long planetary roller extruder modules is described in WO2014 / 056553 ; WO2017 / 050400 ; EP1533101 ; EP1533101 ; EP2335898 ; DE433487 .
With conventional technology, in which the internal toothing is pulled, the internal threads get worse and worse the longer they are. With such a technology, only short planetary roller extruder sections / modules of sufficient quality can be produced in practice.

As described above, longer cooling sections can be produced from short planetary roller extruder modules / sections by juxtaposing several modules / sections. The sockets of the modules / sections can be aligned with their teeth so that an overlong planetary spindle can mesh with the internal teeth of one socket and the internal teeth of the other socket at the same time.

According to the invention, use is made of the fact that the internal toothing of the sockets has a whole number of teeth (whole teeth are arranged circumferentially next to one another on the inner surface of the socket and run parallel to one another from one socket end to the other socket end). In order to bring about a perfect engagement of the planetary spindle in the internal toothing of adjacent bushings, the bushings are brought to a certain distance at which the planetary spindles engage in the toothing of both bushings at the same time. Assuming that the sockets in the module housings are always in the same position, the distance can be calculated from the pitch of the teeth and their dimensions.

• -zunächst die Zentralspindel am Extruderantrieb montiert wird,
• -dann von den vorgesehenen Planetwalzenextrudermodulen das in Extrusionsrichtung erste Gehäuse montiert wird,
• -dann das in Extrusionsrichtung nächste (zweite) Gehäuse über die Zentralspindel geschoben wird,
• -dann zwischen die Zentralspindel und das zweite Gehäuse eine Planetspindel (besser mehrere, um die Zentralspindel gleichmäßig verteilte Planetspindeln) geschoben wird, bis die Planetspindel an die Buchse des zweiten Gehäuses stößt
• -dann der Abstand der Gehäuse unter Drehung der Planetspindel verändert wird, bis die Planetspindel mit einem Zahn in die Verzahnung der Buchse des ersten Gehäuses greift. Der sich dabei ergebende Abstand der Buchsen kann für die Fertigung eines Zwischenstückes genutzt werden, mit dem der Zwischenraum zwischen beiden beabstandeten Buchsen in axialer Richtung ganz und in radialer Richtung mindestens teilweise geschlossen wird. Der Abstand zwischen den Buchsen bestimmt die axiale Länge eines Zwischenstückes zwischen beiden Gehäusen. Das Zwischenstück kann verzahnungsfrei die umlaufenden Planetspindeln umgeben. Das Zwischenstück kann aber wie die Buchsen innen verzahnt sein und die Lücke zwischen beiden Buchsen so überbrücken, dass eine Verzahnungslänge wie bei einer einteiligen Buchse entsteht, auf der die beiden oben beschriebenen Gehäuse aufgeschrumpft sind
• -dann werden die benachbarten Gehäuse an den Flanschen miteinander verspannt, so dass das Zwischenstück zwischen den benachbarten Gehäuseenden eingespannt wird.

The distance can also be determined empirically by, for example

• -first, the central spindle is mounted on the extruder drive,
• -then from the planned planetary roller extruder modules the first housing in the extrusion direction is mounted,
• -then the next (second) housing in the extrusion direction is pushed over the central spindle,
• Then a planetary spindle (better several planetary spindles evenly distributed around the central spindle) is pushed between the central spindle and the second housing until the planetary spindle hits the socket of the second housing
• -then the distance between the housing is changed by rotating the planetary spindle until the planetary spindle engages with a tooth in the toothing of the socket of the first housing. The resulting spacing of the sockets can be used to manufacture an intermediate piece with which the gap between the two spaced sockets is completely closed in the axial direction and at least partially closed in the radial direction. The distance between the sockets determines the axial length of an intermediate piece between the two housings. The intermediate piece can surround the rotating planetary spindles without teeth. The intermediate piece, like the sockets, can be internally toothed and bridge the gap between the two sockets in such a way that a toothing length is created as in a one-piece socket on which the two housings described above are shrunk
• -then the adjacent housings are clamped together at the flanges, so that the intermediate piece is clamped between the adjacent housing ends.

• -zwei Modulgehäuse auf einer überlangen Buchse aufzuschrumpfen. Das kann mit Zwischenstück oder ohne Zwischenstück erfolgen. Das Zwischenstück hätte dann vorzugsweise die Aufgabe, die Buchsen in der Lücke zwischen den aufgeschrumpften Gehäusen vor Biegelasten und anderen Lasten zu schützen.

According to the invention it can also be advantageous

• -Two module housings to be shrunk onto an overlong socket. This can be done with or without an adapter. The intermediate piece would then preferably have the task of protecting the sockets in the gap between the shrunk-on housings from bending loads and other loads.

Several planetary roller extruder modules arranged one behind the other and in alignment have separate housings and separate bushings forming the internal toothing and, as a rule, separate planetary spindles, but always a common central spindle. The common central spindle requires a common rotary movement of all moving parts.

By connecting several housings via an intermediate piece described above with a central spindle extending over all housings, the cavity of the planetary roller extruder can be enlarged many times over in the axial direction.

Instead of the axial enlargement of the cavity and / or in addition to the axial enlargement of the cavity, a radial enlargement of the cavity can also take place through axial enlargement.

The radial enlargement can be considered for the new construction as well as for the conversion of an existing plant. The radial enlargement is easy to see when converting an existing extruder / extrusion system. While the housings of all extruder sections usually all have the same diameter, a modification of the planetary roller extruder section / module according to the invention results in a larger housing diameter.

In the case of a new construction with a planetary roller extruder enlarged according to the invention, a system with other conventional extruder sections which have conventional housing sizes is usually created, so that the housing enlargement according to the invention is also evident in new buildings.

Where no other customary customary housing sizes provide the standard of comparison, the radial enlargement according to the invention can be seen in particular from the proportions of the planetary spindles when using customary tooth modules. The tooth modules determine the dimensions of the teeth in a tooth system. This also applies to the involute helical gearing preferred here with a 45 degree incline of the incline to the longitudinal axis of the toothed spindles.

Advantageously, the radial enlargement of the cavity according to the invention makes it possible to hold on to the central spindle which was previously provided in the extruder and extends through all extruder sections / modules during a conversion. In the combination of planetary roller extruder sections / modules with a filling part in single-screw extruder design, the central spindle continues as a screw in the filling part. In the present case, the “continuation of the central spindle” also includes that the central spindle is composed of sections or forms sections, with a corresponding screw section being assigned to the filling part. The extension described above is also included.

Likewise, the previous setup of the extruder and the upstream and downstream facilities can be retained unchanged.

• 1; 1,25; 1,5; 2; 2,5; 3; 3,5; 4; 5; 5,5; 6; 7; 8; 9; 10; 11; 12

As a result, a subsequent enlargement of the cavity is possible with little structural effort. Planetary spindles with a larger diameter and more teeth than the previous planetary spindles are used, but the tooth module of the larger planetary spindles remains the same. The tooth module (also called tooth module) results in mm from the quotient of the pitch circle diameter and the number of teeth. The gear module could be chosen freely. However, in order to get standardized gear cutting tools, the gear modules are standardized according to DIN 780. The gear modules occurring here can be found in the following excerpt from DIN 780 with additional intermediate sizes:

• 1; 1.25; 1.5; 2; 2.5; 3; 3.5; 4; 5; 5.5; 6; 7; 8th; 9; 10; 11; 12th

The housing surrounding the rotating planetary spindles is also larger in the adaptation of its internal toothing or the adaptation of the internal toothing of its socket to the rotating planetary spindles, but the tooth module remains the same.

As stated above, the dimensions of the gears are determined by the pitch circle diameter and the tooth module. The pitch circle diameter of the internal toothing results from the pitch circle diameter of the central spindle external toothing and twice the pitch circle diameter of the planetary spindles and the desired play in the toothing and, if necessary, from a correction factor.

The enlargement of the planetary spindles for a given toothing module depends on the fact that an integer number of teeth is created on the planetary spindle circumference as well as on the internal toothing of the housing or the housing bushing.

In order to enlarge the planetary spindles, the number of teeth is preferably specified in addition to the toothing module. Below are different sizes with normal design (hereinafter referred to as BG) or in heavy design (hereinafter referred to as SBG) with standard gear modules (hereinafter referred to as SVM) for involute helical teeth and standard numbers of teeth (hereinafter referred to as SZZ) on the planetary spindles as well as the minimum number of teeth for the inventive Magnification (hereinafter referred to as MVG), the preferred minimum number of teeth (hereinafter referred to as BMVG), the further preferred minimum number of teeth (hereinafter referred to as WBMVG) and the most preferred minimum number of teeth (hereinafter referred to as HBMVG) on planetary spindles with enlargement according to the invention for the respective size while maintaining the standard tooth module . BG SVM SZZ MVG BMVG WMVG HMVG 30th 1 5 6th 7th 8th 50 1.5 5 6th 7th 8th 70 2.5 5 7th 8th 9 10 100 3 6th 7th 8th 10 11 120 3 7th 8th 9 10 11 150 3 7th 8th 9 10 11 180 3; 3.5 7th 8th 10 12th 14th 200 3; 3.5 7th 8th 10 12th 14th 250 3; 3.5 7th 8th 10 12th 14th 280 3.5 7th 8th 10 12th 15th 300 3.5 7th 8th 10 13th 16 350 3.5 7th 8th 10 13th 16 400 3.5 7th 8th 10 13th 17th 450 7th 8th 10 14th 18th 500 7th 8th 10 14th 18th 650 7th 8th 10 15th 20th 800 7th 8th 10 15th 20th 1000 7th 8th 10 15th 20th 1200 7th 8th 10 16 22nd SBG SVM SZZ MVG BMVG WMVG HMVG 150 5.5 7th 8th 10 200 5.5 7th 8th 10 280 5.5 7th 8th 10 300 5.5 7th 8th 10 400 5.5 7th 8th 10 500 5.5 7th 8th 10

The overview of planetary spindles with standard numbers of teeth shows that the increase in the number of teeth to 8 for all sizes that occur is within the range according to the invention. Only in the case of smaller sizes of 70 mm and 100 mm is an increase in the number of planetary spindle teeth to 7 within the scope of the invention. In the case of even smaller sizes of 30 and 50 mm, an increase in the number of planetary spindle teeth to 6 is within the scope of the invention.
The lower the toughness of the input material, the easier it is to exchange extrusion material on the cooling surfaces. Another advantage of low toughness is the low mechanical load on the moving parts in the extruder section / module / secondary extruder intended for cooling.

The cooling section / module / secondary extruder according to the invention is preferably used when there is no longer any significant deformation work to be performed in order to keep the substances to be cooled in a liquid or molten or flowable state. The deformation work can optionally also be reduced by choosing a gear module that is below the standard gear module for planetary roller extruder sections / modules / secondary extruders for areas in which the melting of raw materials takes place and / or homogenization work or dispersion work is to be performed. For example, instead of the usual gear modules of 5.5 and more, gear modules of 3 or 3.5 can also be used in extruder sections / modules according to the invention.

Insofar as the original planetary spindles have a reduced number of teeth, the reduction in the number of teeth results from the removal of teeth on previously fully toothed planetary spindles or from a different production of planetary spindles, which leads to a design similar to the removal of teeth from previously fully toothed planetary spindles.
For the calculation of the pitch circle diameter of the planetary spindles according to the invention, the pitch circle diameter is to be assumed with a full toothing - regardless of a subsequent tooth reduction or other planetary spindle production, which leads to the same result.

The invention advantageously also includes a radial enlargement of the extruder section / module intended for cooling using an existing housing or an existing internally toothed bushing. Existing housing and bushing can be physically present or larger sizes from an existing series.A prerequisite for the use of existing planetary roller extruder parts for a combination with a central spindle that is to be re-used is, in addition to a compatible gear module, in addition to taking into account the necessary clearance and correction factors, that the pitch circle diameter the internal toothing of the bushing or the housing is in a certain relationship to the central spindle and the planetary spindles. Taking into account the other conditions, the pitch circle diameter must be equal to the sum of the central spindle pitch circle diameter and twice the pitch circle diameter of the planetary spindle pitch circle diameter.

With the larger planetary spindles according to the invention, the radial enlargement of the extruder / module (without the sleeve explained above) advantageously results in better rolling of the planetary spindles in the toothing of the central spindle and in the internal toothing of the housing. That simplifies the construction.

In addition, the speed of the planetary spindles is reduced in relation to the rotation around the central spindle with the same peripheral speed. In addition, a lower number of planetary spindles results in less shear of the material. This is a great advantage for many plastics.
For the lower speed, depending on the material and viscosity, a lower drive energy may be required. This advantageously relieves the cooling of the extruder.
In addition, the wear on the larger planetary spindles is distributed over more teeth.

The increased wear resistance of the planetary spindles is important for all extruders in which feedstock with high wear effects is processed. This is the case, for example, when processing old rubber in a planetary roller extruder for the purpose of devulcanization.

• -solange die Flansche eine ausreichende Überdeckung haben und
• -entsprechende, miteinander fluchtende Schraubenlöcher in die Flansche eingebracht werden können und
• -ausreichender Platz für die Schraubenköpfe und Muttern gegeben ist

With the radial enlargement of a section / module, the housing diameter of the relevant section / module increases. If an adjacent section / module remains unchanged, there will be a different diameter between the two housings. Nevertheless, the housings can still be screwed together using the flanges that are usually provided,

• - as long as the flanges have a sufficient overlap and
• - Corresponding, aligned screw holes can be made in the flanges and
• -Sufficient space is given for the screw heads and nuts

If there are even larger planetary spindles and housings according to the invention, it can be advantageous to provide an adapter to connect the fastening flanges of the larger housings to the fastening flanges of the adjacent extruder sections / modules. The adapter is preferably ring-shaped and is inserted between the flanges. At the same time, the adapter has matching connection surfaces for the relevant flanges. That is, if the flange in question has a projection in its connection surface, the annular adapter has a matching recess on its connection surface. If the flange in question has a recess on its connection surface, the annular adapter has a matching projection on its connection surface. Preferably, the projections are cylindrical and the depressions are mirror-inverted in shape. It's easy to make. The projections and depressions bring about an advantageous centering of the extruder sections / modules.

The projections are preferably cylindrical and the recesses encompass the cylindrical projections with a smaller clearance than is necessary for centering. With conventional extruders, the centering can be several tenths of a millimeter. Even more preferably, the play is less than / equal to 0.1 mm and most preferably less than / equal to 0.05 mm. The small play requires a more precise production, but includes better centering.

To the extent that the adapters provided between the flanges for reasons of strength or other reasons due to their thickness are no longer readily installed in the existing gap between the flanges when an extrusion system is retrofitted with a section / module according to the invention If the housing and the planetary spindles are manufactured from scratch, the gap can be enlarged to the desired size.

• mit einem zusätzlichen Zentrierring oder
• -mit einem für Druck- und/oder Temperaturfühler bestimmten Ring und/oder
• -mit einer anderen Ringkonstruktion darstellen, zum Beispiel mit einem für die Schmelzeführung geformten Ring, der an der Einlaufseite des erfindungsgemäßen Planetwalzenextruderabschnitt/Modul an die Schmelzeaustrittsöffnung des benachbarten Extruderabschnitts anschließt und sich im Übergang zu Schmelzeeintrittsöffnung/Einlassöffnung des erfindungsgemäßen Planetwalzenextruderabschnitts/Moduls erweitert, so dass Toträume vermieden werden, in denen sich Schmelze unkontrolliert aufhalten kann.

However, if a gap width problem arises because an existing larger housing of a commonly used larger size is to be used, an annular adapter can also first be screwed to one of the associated fastening flanges, preferably to the smaller fastening flange on the side that is attached to the planetary roller extruder section enlarged according to the invention. Module is turned away. Even more preferably, the adapter for this purpose consists of various elbow pieces that are screwed to the original fastening holes in the flanges. A desired centering can be done

• with an additional centering ring or
• -with a ring intended for pressure and / or temperature sensors and / or
• - Represent with a different ring construction, for example with a ring shaped for the melt guide, which on the inlet side of the planetary roller extruder section / module according to the invention connects to the melt outlet opening of the adjacent extruder section and widens in the transition to the melt inlet opening / inlet opening of the planetary roller extruder section / module according to the invention, so that Dead spaces are avoided in which melt can stay in an uncontrolled manner.

If an extruder section with a housing, planetary spindles and central spindle of the same size is also provided behind the radially enlarged extruder section / module, a melt guide that tapers towards the downstream section / module is advantageous. As at the inlet into the radially enlarged section / module according to the invention, a ring can also be used on the outlet side to guide the melt. This means that the adapter can perform various tasks alone or with other parts, in particular serve as a centering ring, thrust ring, baffle ring, ring for measuring points.

Regardless of the question of using housings and bushes of a different size, the housing resulting from the enlargement and the associated bushing are preferably just as tubular (only with larger dimensions) as the housings of the adjacent planetary roller extruder sections / modules.

The tubular housing preferably also has flanges arranged on the outside for connection to housings of adjacent extruder sections / modules.

The larger socket belonging to the larger housing is provided with the internal toothing and the cooling channels incorporated on the outside.

The larger housing / socket construction can also have recesses of the same type for a thrust ring and, if necessary, an additional ring construction as in FIG PCT / EP2017 / 001372 as described, but with different dimensions.

As stated above, an adapter, preferably an annular adapter, can be provided to connect a flange on the outside of a larger housing according to the invention to the fastening flange of an adjacent, smaller extruder section / module, which is either screwed beforehand to the flange of the larger housing in order to then be screwed to the smaller housing flange of the adjacent extruder section / module.
Or the adapter is screwed to the smaller housing flange of the adjacent extruder section / module beforehand in order to then be screwed to the flange of the larger extruder section / module.

• -ein Widerlager für den Anlaufring, an dem die Planetspindeln gleiten,
• -oder sogar ganz oder teilweise den Anlaufring
• -oder ein Widerlager für einen Stauring
• -oder ganz oder teilweise den Stauring
• -oder ein Widerlager für einen Dispergierring
• -oder ganz oder teilweise einen Dispergierring
• -oder ganz oder teilweise eine Ringkonstruktion mit weitergehenden Aufgaben

Optionally, the outlet-side adapter also forms

• -an abutment for the thrust ring on which the planetary spindles slide,
• -or even all or part of the thrust ring
• -or an abutment for a dam ring
• -or all or part of the storage ring
• - or an abutment for a dispersing ring
• -or wholly or partially a dispersing ring
• -or completely or partially a ring construction with further tasks

• -allein oder zusammen mit dem Gehäuse des benachbarten Extruderabschnitts/Moduls einen Sitz und/oder Widerlager für eine dortige andere Ringkonstruktion bilden
• -allein oder zusammen mit mit anderen Teilen die dortige andere Ringkonstruktion bilden

In addition, the inlet-side adapter can optionally be used at the same time

• - Alone or together with the housing of the adjacent extruder section / module form a seat and / or abutment for another ring construction there
• -Alone or together with other parts form the other ring construction there

When enlarging a section / module according to the invention, it can be advantageous to design one of the rotating planetary spindles in the planetary roller extruder section / module as a cleaner. For this purpose, this planetary spindle is then composed of at least two planetary spindle sections, one planetary spindle section engaging with a pin in a bore of the other planetary spindle section at the joint with the other planetary spindle section and a disc spring being provided in the deepest of the bore. The plate spring is designed in such a way that it brings the planetary spindle section on the inlet side into sliding contact with the opposite end wall. This planetary spindle pushes the extraction openings in the front wall free with every revolution. The disc springs enable the planetary spindles, which slide in the housing at both ends, to adapt to expansion and contraction of the construction.

A further task of the adapter can be the formation of a cooling surface / heating surface. For this purpose, an at least two-part adapter is preferably provided, the parts of which enclose a channel for temperature control (cooling / heating). The combination of several parts results in manufacturing and cleaning advantages.

The same applies to the temperature control of the adapter as to the temperature control of the housing.

When tempering the adapter on the outlet side, a substantial part of the adapter volume can be planned for the course of the cooling channel.

• von radial in Umfangsrichtung
• von Umfangsrichtung in radial
• von radial in Umfangsrichtung usw., bis die Kanäle in Umfangsrichtung wieder an den Anfang kommen.

Multi-course channels are optionally used. Instead of two channels, more circular channels can be arranged concentrically. Instead of the circular arrangement, a spiral course of the two adjacent channels can also be considered; likewise a meandering course of both adjacent channels, the meandering not taking place in the usual form on a straight line, but on an annular surface, so that the two adjacent channels change their direction together

• from radially in the circumferential direction
• from the circumferential direction in the radial direction
• from radially in the circumferential direction, etc., until the channels come back to the beginning in the circumferential direction.

The adapter can advantageously also have bores for measuring the melt temperature and / or the melt pressure. The holes are used to screw in measuring sensors. The sensors can measure indirectly via an intermediate membrane. A direct measurement is preferably provided in which the measuring sensors protrude directly into the medium to be measured.
It is beneficial to take the measurements on the inlet side and outlet side. The dimensions of the sockets given there were already advantageous for precise temperature control. Due to the lower load on the extruder sections / modules with radial enlargement according to the invention, the material thicknesses on the bushing at the lowest point between the webs extending in the radial direction can be reduced by at least 25% for sizes from 70 to 280mm compared to the specified limits, for sizes up to 180mm can even be reduced by at least 40%. Nevertheless, the sockets remain between the channels provided for temperature control because of the webs of the toothing that extend in the radial direction and in the circumferential direction and because of the webs that extend in the radial direction and in the circumferential direction
still sufficient strength.

Another possible variation on the planetary roller extruder / module provided is to change the number of planetary spindles. By reducing the number of planetary spindles, the cavity volume in the extruder / module can be increased. This means that more can be done with the same degree of filling of the extruder / module Melt can be enforced through the extruder. This applies to conventional planetary roller extruders / modules as well as to radially or axially enlarged planetary roller extruders / modules. If the function of the extruder / module is limited to additional cooling, the extruder / module can be operated with minimum support and maximum cavity volume. The minimum number of planetary spindles is three, whereby the three planetary spindles are evenly distributed around the circumference of the central spindle.

However, it is not imperative that the minimum number of planetary spindles lead to optimal cooling. The optimal cooling can also take place with a larger number of planetary spindles. The invention attributes this to the fact that a particularly large cavity volume worsens the material exchange, which determines the cooling, on the cooling surfaces of the planetary roller extruder / module. Material exchange means that the input material gets into a roller gap between the planetary spindles and the internal toothing of the housing or between the planetary spindles and the central spindle. With each revolution of the planetary spindles on a central spindle, the planetary spindle rolls out feedstock on the external toothing of the central spindle. At the same time, the feed material previously on the external teeth is pushed off. The same applies to the rotation of the planetary spindle in the internal toothing of the planetary roller extruder / module.

With three rotating planetary spindles there are six roller gaps, with four planetary spindles there are eight roller gaps, with five planetary spindles there are ten roller gaps, etc.

The greater the number of roller gaps, the more frequently there is an exchange of material on the cooled surfaces of the planetary roller extruder / module.

One way to test the cooling is to measure the temperature on the coolant. The test is preferably carried out directly at the outlet of the coolant from the extruder housing. Modern extruders have a cooling system for which a bushing is used. The socket is manufactured with internal teeth and grooves on the outer jacket. The grooves run like threads on the outer jacket. The internal toothing is intended to correspond with the rotating planetary spindles of the planetary roller extruder / module. For this purpose, the socket is mounted in the extruder housing / module housing. When the bushing is inserted into the associated housing bore, the grooves provided on the outer jacket of the bushing are closed by the housing, so that cooling channels are created in the housing. A line is connected to each end of the cooling channels so that coolant can be supplied at one end and withdrawn again at the other end. The amount of heat dissipated per unit of time results from the amount of coolant flowing through the cooling channels per unit of time, from the specific heat content of the coolant per degree Celsius, the inlet temperature in degrees Celsius and the outlet temperature in degrees Celsius.

At each change step, at least one planetary spindle will be removed from the planetary roller extruder / module. At the same time, the remaining planetary spindles are evenly distributed in the space between the central spindle and the surrounding housing.

To remove the planetary spindle, the planetary roller extruder / module is dismantled in such a way that all planetary spindles can be unscrewed from the housing, then all but one of the planetary spindles can be screwed in again with an even distribution. For screwing in, it is helpful to use a template with which the position in the space between the central spindle and the surrounding housing is determined. The templates can be sheet metal disks which are placed on the central spindle. The sheet metal disks have bores whose centers lie on a circle whose diameter is equal to the diameter on which the centers of the planetary spindles rotate in the space between the housing and the central spindle. The bores have an opening width that is equal to the outer diameter of the planetary spindles plus sufficient play for screwing in the planetary spindles.

The cooling effect usually increases after the first step, but the cooling effect may also increase with further steps in which planetary spindles are removed in the manner described above. However, as soon as the cooling effect drops instead of an increase in the cooling effect, a favorable number of planetary spindles has been found. This is then the number of planetary spindles before the last reduction in the number of planetary spindles. By undoing the last reduction process, the favorable number of planetary spindles is regained.

In the drawing they show 1 until 3 various details of the PCT / EP2017 / 001372 published extruder. the 4th until 11 show details of the PCT / EP2018 / 000496 published extruder.

the 12th shows a scheme of the extension according to the invention

In 1 is a section of a socket 1 for a planetary roller extruder section / module intended for cooling. The toothing is on the inside 2 evident; on the outside the recesses / millings, which channels 3 form. The dimension in the deepest point between the teeth and in the deepest point of the channels is denoted by 4.

2 shows an extruder with a planetary roller extruder section designed as a planetary roller extruder 11 , a drive 10 and an exit 16 . The length of the section 11 corresponds to the desired length of the cooling section.
The housing of the section 11 is flanged at both ends 13th and 14th Mistake. With the flange 13th it's on a flange 12th of the drive clamped and with the flange 14th on a flange 15th of exit 16 tense.
The section 11 has an internally toothed bushing, not shown, in the housing, a central spindle, not shown, which is set in rotary motion by the drive.
In the exemplary embodiment, four planetary spindles rotate around the central spindle. The planetary spindles are evenly distributed around the circumference of the central spindle and mesh both with the external teeth of the central spindle and with the internal teeth of the bushing.

In the exemplary embodiment, the extruder has the task of cooling. In this case, the melt is fed via a pump 18th and a lead 17th fed into the extruder. At the point 19th the melt is cooled to the outlet temperature via a pump 20th withdrawn and into a subsequent nozzle 21 given up.

To connect the nozzle to the extruder 12th are flanges 42 and 43 at the nozzle 15th and the housing of the extruder.
3 shows an embodiment in which the cooling path is through two planetary roller extruder modules 30th and 31 is formed, the housing of which on flanges 32 and 33 are braced together and thereby an intermediate piece 34 clamp. The housing 30th and 31 are provided with a socket that is internally toothed and corresponds to the planetary spindles or the central spindle of the planetary roller extruder modules. The toothing of both sockets is the same.
In addition, the intermediate piece 34 Equipped with the same toothing and dimensioned and arranged in such a way that over-long spindles protrude through both modules.
In a further embodiment is on the intermediate piece 34 A measuring point is provided at 35.

4th shows an extruder system with three planetary roller extruder modules arranged one behind the other 40 , 41 and 42 . The planetary roller extruder modules have these modules 40 and 42 the same size. The module 41 is enlarged radially compared to the other modules. All modules 40 , 41 and 42 are penetrated by the same central spindle. While in the modules 40 and 42 Planetary spindles of the module have planetary spindles with the same pitch circle diameter and mesh with their external teeth with the external teeth of the central spindle 41 a larger pitch circle diameter. But these planetary spindles also mesh with the common central spindle. This is possible because the tooth module of the toothing of the central spindle is the same as the tooth module of the planetary spindles of all planetary roller extruder modules 40 , 41 and 42 . The number of teeth of the planetary spindles in the planetary roller extruder module 41 However, it is larger than that of the planetary spindles in the other planetary roller extruder modules 40 and 42 . This requires a larger pitch circle diameter of the planetary spindles in the planetary roller extruder module 41 .

All planetary spindles also mesh with their toothing with the internal toothing of a bushing that sits in the associated housing. This is possible because the internal gears have also been manufactured with the same tooth module as the central spindle and the planetary spindles. However, the pitch circle diameter is the internal toothing in the planetary roller extruder 41 Due to the larger pitch circle diameter of the planetary spindles, it is significantly larger than the pitch circle diameter of the internal gearing in the other planetary roller extruder modules 40 and 42 .

The housings of all planetary roller extruder modules are screwed together with flanges.
The radially enlarged planetary roller extruder module 41 has a tubular housing with flanges 46 and 48 at both ends.
The inlet-side flange 46 is via an adapter ring 47 with a flange 45 of the upstream planetary roller extruder module 40 screwed. Different screw connections are provided: a screw connection between the flange 45 and the adapter ring 47 and a screw connection of the Adapter ring 47 with the flange 46 . In the exemplary embodiment, the screw connection consists of 6 screws. In other exemplary embodiments, more screws are provided.

In the exemplary embodiment, the adapter ring causes 47 at the same time a centering of the interconnected extruder parts. The adapter ring engages for this 47 with a projection in a recess in the flange 45 while the flange 46 with a projection in a recess of the adapter ring 47 engages.

The outlet-side flange 48 is via an adapter ring 50 with the flange 51 of an adjacent extruder section / module. As in the previously explained screw connection, several screws are provided. In addition, the adapter ring causes 50 a centering of the interconnected extruder sections / modules. The adapter ring 50 engages with a projection in a recess in the flange 48 while the flange 51 with a projection in a recess of the adapter ring 50 engages.

In 5 and 6th the situation at the connection point of the various planetary roller extruder sections / modules is shown in an enlargement and in a cutout. This is the internally toothed housing socket of the section / module 40 with 55 denotes the housing socket of the section / module 41 with 57 , the housing socket of the section / module 42 with 62 .
At the same time is the stop ring for the section / module 40 with 56 denotes the thrust ring for the section / module 41 with 61 . On the thrust ring 56 slide the in the section / module 40 rotating planetary spindles. On the thrust ring 57 slide the in the section / module 41 rotating planetary spindles.
It forms the intermediate ring 47 at the same time an abutment for the thrust ring 56 , the intermediate ring 50 at the same time an abutment for the thrust ring 61 .

5 shows at the same time the application of a side arm extruder 58 for a measuring point in the section / module 41 .

In the 5 and 6th shows the arrangement of the thrust rings 56 and 61 that the extrusion direction is from left to right in the view.

In other exemplary embodiments, the cooling section / module according to the invention is arranged between extruder sections / modules of a different type than that of a planetary roller extruder.

the 7th and 8th show the enlargement of the cavity with radial enlargement according to the invention. In 7th a conventional planetary roller extruder shown in section. Therein with 71 a central spindle, with 72 three planetary spindles, with 70 a surrounding, cylindrical housing and with 74 an internally toothed bushing. In the cavity of the internally toothed socket 74 leave the central spindle 71 and the planetary spindles 72 Cavities 73 free. The planetary spindles 72 each have 5 teeth on their circumference. In the exemplary embodiment, this results in a cavity cross-section (transverse to the longitudinal direction of the extruder) with an area of 2583 square millimeters.

In 8th a radial enlargement of the planetary roller extruder / module cross-section is shown. This is where the central spindle is 71 preserved in their original form. The planetary spindle 75 but have the same gear module in contrast to the planetary spindles 72 nine teeth 75 with a correspondingly larger pitch circle diameter.
This configuration is the housing 76 and the internally toothed socket 77 adjusted by corresponding enlargement.
The cavity 78 is evidently about twice as large as the cavity 73 after 7th . In the exemplary embodiment, a comparable cavity cross section results in an area of 4960 square millimeters.

the 7a and 8a show planetary roller extruder / module cross-sections with the cross-sections according to 7th and 8th are identical except for the number of planetary spindles. With the four instead of three used planetary spindles 72 respectively. 75 .

The result is in 7a a cross-sectional area of 2314 square millimeters and in 8a a cross-sectional area of 4204 square millimeters.

the 7b and 8b show planetary roller extruder / module cross-sections with the cross-sections according to 7th and 8th are identical except for the number of planetary spindles. With the five instead of three used planetary spindles 72 respectively. 75 . The result is in 7a a cross-sectional area of 2104 square millimeters and in 8a a cross-sectional area of 3500 square millimeters.

9 shows a longitudinal section through three planetary roller extruder sections / modules, of which the sections / modules 110 and 112 the section 111 to enclose between them. All three sections have a common central spindle 100 . Go to section 110 belongs to a housing 80 with an internally toothed socket 99 . The socket 99 is provided with cooling channels on the outside through which water flows as a temperature control medium during operation. The inside of the socket is toothed and surrounds the socket 99 three planetary spindles 98 . The planetary spindles 98 mesh with their external teeth with the internal teeth of the socket 99 . In addition, the planetary spindles mesh 98 with their toothing with the toothing of the central spindle 100 . In terms of characteristics, the section corresponds to 110 according to the representation 7th .

Go to section 111 belongs to a housing 97 with an internally toothed socket 101 . Outside has the socket 97 the same cooling channels and cooling as the section 110 . The socket 97 encloses three planetary spindles 102 . The planetary spindles 102 mesh with the surrounding internal toothing and the central spindle 100 . In this respect, there is agreement with the section 110 .

Go to section 111 include a housing 89 with a socket 86 . Outside has the socket 86 Cooling channels 85 , inside a toothing 87 . The socket 86 encloses three planetary spindles 88 , in turn, the central spindle 100 enclose. The planetary spindles mesh 88 with the internal teeth 87 and the external toothing of the central spindle.

In contrast to the planetary spindles 98 and 109 own the planetary spindles 88 of the section 111 but more teeth and with the same tooth module a significantly larger pitch circle diameter. That’s the internal gearing 87 the socket 86 adjusted so that the case 89 correspond to is greater.

The case 86 is at one end with the housing 80 of the section 110 and at the other end with the housing 97 screwed. There are flanges at one end for screwing 81 and 82 and flanges at the other end 90 and 95 intended. The associated screws are with 83 and 96 designated.

The tubular jacket of the housing 89 owns in the area 84 a taper in adaptation to the lower load on the housing during cooling operation.

the 9 shows at the same time a dash-dotted window 105 , in which it can be seen what dimensions the housing designated there with 108 has when planetary spindles 106 come into use, which cause a further radial enlargement due to an even larger number of teeth. The resulting housing socket is with 107 designated.

the 10 and 11 contain variants of the in 5 and 6th illustrated construction. In contrast to the 5 and 6th the direction of extrusion in the views follows 10 and 11 from right to left. This is based on the position of the thrust ring 156 clear. The thrust ring 156 belongs to a radially enlarged cooling module in planetary roller extruder construction, from which a plastic mass with all components for the production of a pressure sensitive adhesive with the exception of a crosslinking agent is transferred to a normal planetary roller extruder module, which has the task of adding crosslinking agents and bringing the mass to extrusion temperature.
Between the thrust ring 156 and the central spindle is only a small gap. This forms the thrust ring 156 a storage ring. Melt accumulates in front of the thrust ring and forms a natural seal.

As in 4th and 5 is also after 10 and 11 Another planetary roller extruder module is arranged upstream of the radially enlarged cooling section / module. This upstream planetary roller extruder module, like all other planetary roller extruders, has a thrust ring. This stop ring is also like the stop ring 156 designed as a damming ring, so that melt accumulates in front of this ring and also forms a natural seal.

In addition, in the exemplary embodiment, a seal is provided between the flanges of the housing or between the flanges and the adapter.

The radially enlarged cooling section / module has a much larger cavity volume than the downstream normal planetary roller extruder module. The larger cavity volume offers better cooling conditions than a normal planetary roller extruder module.

The radially enlarged cooling module has a housing with a socket 160 the outside with ducts 159 for the temperature control of the plastic mass and inside with the same toothing as the central spindle 151 , but is provided with a different pitch circle diameter. The pitch circle diameter roughly corresponds to the sum of the pitch circle diameter of the central spindle 151 and twice the diameter of planetary spindles 158 . Roughly means that a necessary play in the toothing is taken into account so that the planetary spindles on the one hand with the central spindle 151 and on the other hand with the socket 160 can comb. The planetary spindles run during operation 158 in the socket 160 around the central spindle 158 around. The planetary spindles slide 158 on a thrust ring 156 . The thrust ring is used to reduce wear 156 with a hard metal insert 157 Mistake.

The normal planetary roller extruder module has planetary spindles 152 with about half the pitch circle diameter as the planetary spindles 158 . The associated socket is designated 154 and sits in a housing 185 and has cooling channels 153 . The case 185 consists of a tube and a welded collar 155 together.
The case 161 of the radially enlarged cooling section / module is with the collar 155 screwed. There are corresponding through holes in the collar for this purpose 155 and the case 161 provided that are penetrated with screws so that the screws opposite on the housing 161 protrude and be tightened with nuts.

The thrust ring 156 surrounds the central spindle 151 at a distance at which the plastic mass can flow from the cooling section / module into the downstream planetary roller module.

11 shows a cooling section / module in planetary roller extruder design, which is still further enlarged than the cooling section / module according to FIG 10 . The cooling section / module also has rotating planetary spindles 172 , a housing 176 and a socket 175 , a thrust ring 170 with a hard metal insert 171 .

The planetary roller extruder module downstream of the section / module is the same as in 10 . All parts of the subordinate
Planetary roller extruder modules have the same designations as in 10 .

The further enlarged section / module has even better cooling conditions.

Due to the further enlargement of the section / module, a different connection of the section / module with the downstream planetary roller extruder is provided.
Although in the embodiment according to 11 A screw connection is also provided for the connection. There are corresponding through holes in the housing for this purpose 176 . The connection with the collar 155 takes place after 11 via an adapter 190 . The adapter 190 is a ring with an inner collar. The adapter engages with the inner collar 190 into a groove in the collar 155 that centers the adapter and also aligns both housings 176 and 185 ensures.

12th shows a conventional snail 200 with a screwed-in tip 201 . The snail 200 and the top 203 belong to a conventional single-screw extrusion line for the production of polystyrene profiles. The summit 203 is in the snail 200 screwed. That the snail 200 surrounding housing with filling opening is not shown. The worm housing is cylindrical with flanges at the ends. The worm housing is screwed to the housing of the associated drive with one flange. A nozzle, not shown, is screwed to the other flange. The nozzle consists of a housing with an opening that tapers conically in the extrusion direction. The snail 200 protrudes with the tip 203 into the conical opening. The end of the opening is modeled on the cross-section of the desired profile.

The quality of the profile produced is inconsistent. This is attributed to uneven mixing and significant temperature differences in the melt. A short planetary roller extruder section is planned to be added to the system for equalization and more precise cooling. The planetary roller extruder section has a length of 200 mm in the axial direction, in other exemplary embodiments a length of less than 150 mm or less than 100 mm. To complement the invention is an extension of the screw 200 intended. In the exemplary embodiment, this is done by replacing the tip 203 against a tip 201 . The summit 201 differs from the top 203 through a longer shaft 202 . In the exemplary embodiment, the shaft is 202 a separate part that goes first in the end of the auger 200 is screwed in. The shaft 202 is on the outer circumference at the same time as a central spindle for planetary spindles (not shown) and for a surrounding housing (not shown).

After assembling the shaft 202 the housing belonging to the intended planetary roller extruder section is mounted. In the space between the shaft 202 and the surrounding case the planetary spindles, not shown, are pushed. Then the new tip 201 on the end of the shaft 202 screwed. Then the nozzle mentioned above can be installed.

The melt introduced into the attached planetary roller extruder section is evened out there and, in the exemplary embodiment, cooled to a selected temperature which can vary by up to 3 degrees Celsius or up to 2 degrees Celsius or up to 1 degree Celsius. This temperature and the equalization of the mixture are important prerequisites for a profile with a uniform consistency.

13th shows a vertically arranged secondary extruder between a horizontally arranged single-screw extruder (not shown) and a nozzle (not shown). The single screw extruder corresponds to the extruder 12th . The nozzle corresponds to the nozzle after 12th . With the extrusion line after 13th should have the same profiles as after 12th getting produced.

The secondary extruder has an externally toothed central spindle 216 , externally toothed planetary spindles 215 , an internally toothed socket 213 and housing 211 and 212 . The planetary spindles 215 mesh both with the toothing of the central spindle 216 as well as with the toothing of the socket 213 . The socket 213 is outside with grooves 214 Mistake. The grooves 214 are in the operating position according to 13th through the housing 211 and 212 locked. The housing 211 and 212 are on the socket 213 shrunk. These are the housings 211 and 212 been heated until their expansion allows the housings to slide over the socket. After the housing has cooled down 211 and 212 the housing shrinks 211 and 212 and enclose the socket 213 fixed. This forms the housing 211 and 212 with the socket 213 a permanent connection.
The grooves 214 are through the housing 211 and 212 closed to canals. A coolant flows through the channels during operation. The coolant is designed to absorb part of the heat from the melt and to carry it out of the secondary extruder. The coolant is recooled in a heat exchanger, not shown, in order to be fed back to the secondary extruder again.

The melt feed to the vertically arranged secondary extruder is with 219 and is located below.

The melt outlet from the vertically arranged secondary extruder is with 220 and is located above.

The secondary extruder is on top with a lid 217 closed, at the bottom by a lid 218 . The central spindle 216 protrudes with a shaft 210 through the lid 218 . The torque required to rotate the central spindle is applied to the central spindle on the shaft 216 transfer.

In a further exemplary embodiment, the secondary extruder also has a short screw of 100 mm. The screw is integral with the central spindle and is located at the exit end (top) of the extruder and serves to increase the melt pressure at the exit of the secondary extruder to a desired pressure level. The melt outlet is therefore also at the top of the screw.

In the embodiment with the additional screw is instead of the cover 217 a pot-like further housing is provided which includes the worm and with the housing 212 is screwed.

If, in a further exemplary embodiment, an additional extruder is flanged to the original extruder, precisely flanged to the jacket of the original extruder, then this is referred to as a side arm extruder. This also includes an arrangement above or below the original extruder, including an inclined arrangement of the extruder, i.e. the side-arm extruder is no longer limited to a lateral flange-mounting of the additional extruder.

When a side arm extruder is flanged, an opening is provided in the jacket of the original extruder at the location of the flange, through which opening the amount of material melted in the original extruder can penetrate into the additional extruder.

The side arm extruder alone can develop a desired additional cooling effect. The design of a planetary roller extruder is advantageous for the additional cooling effect.
In addition, an additional short extruder, as in the exemplary embodiment explained above, can be advantageous to increase the pressure. As explained elsewhere on extruders, the side arm extruder can be composed of various modules. One module is then preferably a cooling module and the other module is preferably a printing module. Both modules have a housing with flanges at each end so that one flange of the cooling module can be screwed or otherwise connected to the housing of the original extruder and the other flange to the housing of the pressure module. The associated cooling module can have a planetary roller extruder design and the associated pressure module can have a single-screw extruder design.

When using a side arm extruder for additional cooling and, if necessary, for a pressure increase, the original extruder is closed at the end in the exemplary embodiment by a cover. The cover is screwed tightly to the flange of the last module in the extrusion direction. The side arm extruder is flanged to the housing of the last module in front of the cover in the extrusion direction.

QUOTES INCLUDED IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

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Claims (20)

Increasing the cooling effect in an extruder system for the preparation of melt, whereby the extruder is made up of sections / modules - in a single-screw extruder design, the single-screw extruder design being formed by a single screw that is provided with one or more screw flights on the circumference and revolves in a surrounding housing and / or -in twin-screw extruder design, consisting of two screws arranged parallel to one another, which are provided with screw flights on the circumference and mesh with one another and revolve in a surrounding housing -in planetary roller extruder design, consisting of a centrally rotating, externally toothed central spindle (71, 100, 151), which in the Distance is surrounded by a housing with an internally toothed bushing, with externally toothed planetary spindles (72,88,106) rotating at the distance, the toothing of which meshes with the toothing of the central spindle (71, 100,151) and the internal toothing of the bushing and which when rotating the one in Extrusionr towards the rear end are held in the axial direction by means of a slider / thrust ring, the sections / modules including housings with flanges and the housings being connected to one another at the flanges, with the melt emerging from a shaping nozzle, characterized by an extension of the existing extruder system by means of an additional section / module in planetary roller extruder design and / or by means of a further extruder. Extruder system after Claim 1 , characterized in that the central spindle of the additional section / module in planetary roller extruder design is connected to the one screw at its outlet end and the housing of the additional section / module in planetary roller extruder design is connected with a flange to the opposite housing flange of the existing extruder system. Extruder system after Claim 2 , characterized in that the screw of the existing extruder system has a detachable tip and the central spindle of the additional section / module in tarpaulin roller construction after dismantling the tip is connected to the screw in its place and the dismantled tip is connected to the outlet end of the central spindle of the additional section / Module is connected in planetary roller extruder construction. Extruder system after Claim 2 , characterized in that the screw of the existing extruder system has a removable tip and the dismantled tip is exchanged for a tip that forms a central spindle for the additional section / module in planetary roller extruder design for the existing extruder system. Extruder system after Claim 1 , characterized in that the central spindle of the additional section / module in planetary roller extruder construction is connected to the central spindle of the existing extruder in planetary roller extruder construction designed extruder sections / modules and a housing surrounding the central spindle of the additional extruder section / module in planetary roller extruder construction with a flange with the opposite flange of the existing Extruder plant is connected. Extruder system after Claim 5 , characterized in that in an existing system in planetary roller extruder design with a central spindle with a removable tip, the central spindle of the additional section / module is mounted as a central spindle intermediate piece between the tip and the previous central spindle. Extruder system after Claim 5 , characterized in that in an existing system in planetary roller extruder design with a central spindle with a removable tip, the tip is exchanged for a tip, which at the same time forms an extension of the central spindle Extruder system after Claim 6 or 7th , characterized in that the housing belonging to the additional section / module in planetary roller extruder design, the thrust ring and the planetary spindles are mounted elsewhere than - on the intermediate piece that forms the central spindle of the additional section / module - mounted on the tip forming the extension will. Extruder system after Claim 1 , characterized in that the additional section / module is set up in a planetary roller extruder arrangement as a further extruder in a tandem arrangement to the existing extruder or that a conveying side arm extruder is provided as a further extruder, a single screw extruder preferably being provided as the conveying side arm extruder. Extruder system after Claim 9 , characterized by a horizontal or vertical or inclined arrangement of the further extruder. Extruder system after Claim 10 , characterized by a side entry of the melt at the further extruder and / or a side discharge from the further extruder. Extruder system according to one of the Claims 1 until 11 , characterized by a degree of filling that is preferably greater than 95% of the cavity in the planetary roller extruder section or module (11,30,31,40,41,42), even more preferably 98% of the cavity in the planetary roller extruder module or section (11,30 , 31,40,41,42) or in the further extruder Extruder system after Claim 11 or 12th , characterized in that the delivery pressure of the existing extruder is greater than the delivery pressure of the additional section / module in planetary extruder construction, so that the additional section / module is passed over by the existing extruder. Extruder system after Claim 13 , characterized in that the conveying direction of the existing extruder is the same as that of the additional section / module in planetary roller extruder design. Extruder system after Claim 13 , characterized in that the conveying direction of the existing extruder is opposite to the conveying direction of the additional section / module in planetary roller extruder design. Extruder system according to one of the Claims 13 until 15th , characterized in that the distance between the planetary spindles (72, 88, 106) on their orbit is at least equal to the outer diameter of the planetary spindles (72, 88, 106), preferably at least 1.5 times the outer diameter of the planetary spindle. Extruder system after Claim 16 , characterized in that the distance between the planetary spindles (72, 88, 106) is at most equal to twice the outer diameter of the planetary spindle. Extruder system according to one of the Claims 1 until 17th , characterized by a thin-walled bushing in the housing of the additional section / module in planetary roller extruder design, the bushing forming the internal teeth and the minimum wall thickness in mm depending on the size in mm: Size Material thickness preferred material thickness 70 less than / equal to 4.5 less than / equal to 3 100 less than / equal to 4.5 less than / equal to 3 150 less than / equal to 5 less than / equal to 3.5 180 less than / equal to 5.7 less than / equal to 3.6 200 less than / equal to 5.6 less than / equal to 3.6 250 less than / equal to 5.7 less than / equal to 3.7 280 less than / equal to 6 less than / equal to 4 300 less than / equal to 6 less than / equal to 4 400 less than / equal to 6.5 less than / equal to 4.5 Extruder system according to one of the Claims 1 until 18th , characterized in that in a further extruder in planetary roller extruder design, the speed of the central spindle (71, 100, 151) in this extruder compared to a conventional central spindle speed of Speed in rpm for size to 220 70mm to 220 100mm to 220 120mm to 115 150mm up to 80 180mm up to 80 200mm up to 80 250mm up to 80 300mm up to 80 400mm is reduced by at least 10%, preferably by at least 20%, even more preferably by at least 30% and most preferably by at least 40%. Extruder system according to one of the Claims 1 until 19th , characterized by the use of knob spindles and / or transport spindles and / or Igel spindles in the modules / sections in planetary roller extruder construction or in a further extruder in planetary roller extruder construction

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