DE102017005998A1 - Chemical process control for flowable feedstock in a planetary roller extruder - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the use of a planetary roller extruder / planetary roller extruder section / module for carrying out chemical processes.

Description

• -chemischen Verbindungen
• -chemischen Elementen
• -chemischen Verbindungen und Elementen

Die Erfindung betrifft die chemischen Reaktionen , aus denen neue Verbindungen anfallen.Chemical reactions occur between

• chemical compounds
• chemical elements
• chemical compounds and elements

The invention relates to the chemical reactions from which new compounds are obtained.

In the chemical reactions, energy can be absorbed or energy released. In the case of chemical reactions, it is important to bring all the compounds and elements intended for the reaction into the reaction. It is usually advantageous if the reaction space is under pressure and a reaction-promoting temperature is maintained.

• -eine Widerstandsfähigkeit gegen die Reaktionspartner
• -eine ausreichende Verweilzeit der Reaktionspartner im Extruder
• -eine genaue Temperierung der Reaktionspartner im Extruder
• -eine schonende Behandlung der entstehenden Verbindungen.

The object of the invention has been found to provide a favorable reaction space for the reaction. The invention has the task of using a planetary roller extruder as a reaction space. According to the invention, this is achieved with planetary roller extruders or planetary roller extruder sections or planetary roller extruder modules having the following properties:

• a resistance to the reactants
• -A sufficient residence time of the reactants in the extruder
• -a precise temperature control of the reactants in the extruder
• a gentle treatment of the resulting compounds.

The extruders are divided into the following main groups:
Single-screw extruder, twin-screw extruder, planetary roller extruder.

Single-screw extruders consist of a rotating screw and a surrounding housing. With single screw can achieve a high pressure build-up and a large conveying effect. However, homogenization and dispersion in the single-screw extruder is weak. However, single screw extruders are still the most widely used extruders.

Twin-screw extruders consist of two parallel and intermeshing screws and a surrounding housing. With twin screws can also achieve a high pressure build-up and a high conveying effect. The mixing effect of the twin-screw extruder is much greater than with a single-screw extruder. However, due to the mechanical stress in the twin-screw extruder, polymers experience a greater or lesser mechanical load.

Planetary screw extruders consist of more parts, namely a rotating central spindle, a surrounding the central spindle at a distance housing with an internal toothing and planetary spindles, which revolve around the central spindle in the cavity between the central spindle and internally toothed housing like planets. The usual teeth of Planetwalzenextrudern is the involute. As far as in further dimensions of gears are addressed, the information refers to an involute.

As far as is spoken below of an internal toothing of the housing, so also includes a multi-part housing with a seated in the housing socket, which forms the internal toothing of the housing.

In the planetary roller extruder, the planetary spindles mesh with both the central spindle and the internally toothed housing. At the same time, the planetary spindles slide with the end pointing in the conveying direction against a stop ring. The planetary roller extruders have in comparison to all other extruder types an extremely good mixing effect, but a lower conveying effect.

Planetary roller extruders are described in particular in the following publications:
DE202016101935 . DE 19939075A1 . CA 698518 . DE19653790A . DE 19638094A1 . DE 19548136A1 . DE1954214A . DE3908415A . DE19939077A . EP1078968A1 . EP1067352A . EP854178A1 . JP3017176 . JP11080690 . JP9326731 . JP11-216754 . JP11-216764 . JP10-235713 . WO2007 / 0874465A2 . WO2004 / 101627A1 . WO2004 / 101626A1 . WO 2004 / 037941A2 . EP1056584 . PCT / EP99 // 00968 . WO 94/11175 . US6780271B1 . US7476416 ,

Planetary roller extruder sections / modules are used when an extruder is composed of several sections / modules. The term section implies a length which is adapted to the respective processing line in the extruder. The term module, on the other hand, indicates uniform lengths. In most cases, different processing steps take place in the sections / modules. For years it has been found convenient to combine planetary roller extruder sections / modules with sections / modules of other types. In particular, planetary roller extruder sections / modules are combined with a filling section designed as a single-screw extruder section / module. About the filling part, the feed materials for the extrusion from a hopper are removed and pressed in the downstream planetary roller extruder sections / modules to be processed there.

As far as liquid substances are to be entered into the planetary roller extruder sections / modules, it has been proven to inject these liquids via injection rings in the system, which are arranged between each two planetary roller extruder sections / modules. It is also known to introduce liquid feeds via a side arm extruder or a pump directly into a planetary roller extruder section / module.

For details and variations of known planetary roller extruders or sections / modules, reference is made to the following references: DE 102005007952A1 . DE102004061068A1 . DE102004038875A1 . DE102004048794A1 . DE102004048773A1 . DE102004048440A1 . DE102004046228A1 . DE102004044086A1 . DE102004044085A1 . DE102004038774A1 . DE102004034039A1 . DE102004032694A1 . DE102004026799B4 . DE102004023085A1 . DE102004004230A1 . DE102004002159A1 . DE19962886A1 . DE19962883A1 . DE19962859A1 . DE19960494A1 . DE19958398A1 . DE19956803A1 . DE19956802A1 . DE19953796A1 . DE19953793A1 ,

In the case of the customary extruders, the following may occur, for example: filling zone, melting zone, mixing zone / dispersing zone / homogenizing zone and discharge zone. Contemporary planetary roller extruders also have cooling / heating facilities.

Planetary roller extruders show better cooling / heating than single-screw extruders and twin-screw extruders. This results from the fact that the feed material in the planetary roller extruder is much more frequently brought into contact with the cooling surface / heating surface than in other extruder types, then again pushed off from the cooling surfaces / heating surfaces, mixed and brought back into contact with the cooling surfaces / heating surfaces.

All extruders are known to cause mechanical stress on the molecular structures of the feedstock. From planetary roller extruders is even known that with their help waste rubber can be recycled. Excess rubber consists to a substantial extent of non-thermoplastic, mutually crosslinked elastomers. With the planetary roller extruder the microstructure of the old rubber is broken up. This is attributed to a considerable extent to the mechanical effect of the planetary roller extruder. The scrap rubber is rolled out between the teeth of the planetary roller extruder / section / module. For the application of the planetary roller extruder / section / module as a reaction chamber or reaction vessel, this effect of the planetary roller extruder / section / module on the molecular structure is counterproductive. Nevertheless, the invention adheres to the application of the planetary roller extruder / section / module to chemical reaction processes. According to the invention, the mechanical load on the microstructure is substantially reduced by the motion play between the teeth of the planetary roller extruder / section / module is considerably increased, namely depending on the size (corresponding to the pitch circle diameter of the internal teeth) and the tooth module used. Size In mm tooth module Play in mm at least Play in mm preferably 70 2.5 3.0 3.5-4.0 100 3.0 3.5 3.7-4.0 150 3.0 3.5 3.7-4.5 180 3.5 2.5 3.0-4.0 200 3.5 3.0 3.2-4.0 250 3.5 3.0 3.2-4.0 280 5.5 4.0 4.2 to 5.5 300 3.5 3.0 3.2-4.0 350 3.5 3.5 3.7-4.5 400 3.5-5.5 3.5 3.7-5.5

The increase in the play of movement in the toothing shortens the extent to which the toothed parts of the planetary roller extruder / section / module interlock. The shortening of this measure has not come close, because the planetary spindles are held in the circumferential direction of the central spindle only by the teeth in the orbit. Even with little play, it happens that the planetary spindles skip, i. under load out of the teeth of the central spindles and / or out of the teeth of the internal teeth of the jack. The invention has recognized that the loading of the planetary spindles in chemical processes is much less than with conventional use of planetary roller extruders / sections / modules and this allows a greater clearance. Even with the enlargement of the game according to the invention is still given a significant engagement of the toothed parts. This results from comparing the tooth height with the maximum clearance provided by the invention. The tooth height is 2 times the tooth module in mm.

The clearance between the engaged planetary roller extruder parts may also become greater than stated above.

Preferably, the dimensions of the planetary spindles are reduced to increase the game. At the same time the ends of the planetary spindles are excluded from the reduction of the dimensions. As a result, the engagement of the planetary spindle at the ends remains unchanged. As a result, the ends of the planetary spindles form a guide / securing device for the planetary spindles in their rotation between the central spindle and the inner housing teeth.

For the application of the planetary roller extruder / sections / modules to chemical reactions, their temperature control is advantageous.

In modern extruders usually an extruder section / module is assigned to each zone. Each housing is flanged at each end so that each housing may be connected at a flange to its adjacent housing. The attached housings usually surround screws or central spindles which extend through all the modules. The single screw extruder composed of sections / modules has a single screw which extends through all the sections / modules. The planetary roller extruders have a central spindle which extends through all the modules. The planetary roller extruder section / module at least still includes the planetary spindles revolving around the central spindle and the internal toothing of the housing. The planetary spindles slide with the end facing the extruder discharge (rear end in extrusion direction) on a stop ring held in the housing. As a rule, the length of the planetary spindles is limited to the respective section / module.

According to the invention, a module / section in planetary roller extruder construction has a housing which is adapted in its dimensions to the housings of other modules / sections belonging to the extrusion plant. The other modules / sections may have a single-screw design or even a planetary roller extruder design. In these designs, all modules / sections can be connected to the housings aligned with each other and penetrated by a common screw / central spindle. Optionally, the planetary roller extruder module / section may also be part of a tandem system. Likewise, the planetary roller extruder module / section may also be part of a cascade system. The combination with other modules / sections in twin-screw extruder design is preferably carried out in a tandem system.

Suitable materials are available for resistance to aggressive reactants. For example, the acid resistance can be represented by steel as well as extruded plastic parts. It can also acid-resistant parts made of steel with acid-resistant parts Plastic combined. The acid resistance of the various materials may vary depending on the type of acid and its concentration.

• -einen Füllungsgrad von vorzugsweise größer 95%, noch weiter bevorzugt von größer 98% vom Hohlraumvolumen des Extruders
• -eine Drossel am Austritt des Extruders
• -ein Materialeintrag unter Druck, der größer als der Förderdruck der Planetwalzenextruderteile ist
• -eine Pumpe für den Materialeintrag, gegebenenfalls mit vorgeordneter Einschneckenteil zum Materialeintrag,
• -Seitenarmextruder am Eintritt des Extruders
• -minimierter Eintrag mechanischer Energie in die Extruderfüllung während des Durchlaufes durch den Planetwalzenextruder oder Planetwalzenextruderabschnitt oder Planetwalzenextrudermodul
• -Abstand zwischen den Planetspindeln größer als deren Außendurchmesser
• -großes Bewegungsspiel in der Verzahnung
• -reduzierte Drehzahl der Zentralspindel
• -reduzierte Verzahnung durch Noppenverzahnung oder Transportspindelverzahnung oder durch Igelverzahnung an den Planetspindeln oder durch Planetspindeln, die teilweise mit unterschiedlicher reduzierter Verzahnung versehen ist, oder durch Planetspindeln mit einer Kombinationsverzahnung. Die Kombinationsverzahnung entsteht durch Kombination einer Transportspindelverzahnung mit einer Noppenverzahnung. Diese Kombinationsverzahnung entsteht nach der Erfindung dadurch, daß in Transportspindeln eine gegenläufige Verzahnung eingeschnitten wird
• -längere Bearbeitungsstrecke/Reaktionsstrecke

The work rate as well as the cooling / heating capacity of the extruder sections / modules according to the invention is increased with one or more of the following features:

• a degree of filling of preferably greater than 95%, more preferably greater than 98% of the cavity volume of the extruder
• - a throttle at the outlet of the extruder
• a material input under pressure which is greater than the delivery pressure of the planetary roller extruder parts
• -a pump for material entry, optionally with upstream single-screw part for material entry,
• Side arm extruder at the inlet of the extruder
• -Minimized entry of mechanical energy in the extruder filling during the run through the planetary roller extruder or planetary roller extruder section or planetary roller extruder module
• Distance between the planetary spindles greater than their outer diameter
• -large movement in the teeth
• Reduced speed of the central spindle
• - Reduced toothing by knob or gear teeth or by hedgehog teeth on the planetary spindles or by planetary spindles, which is partially provided with different reduced teeth, or by planetary spindles with a combination toothing. The combination toothing is created by combining a transport spindle toothing with a knob toothing. This combination toothing is formed according to the invention, characterized in that an opposite toothing is cut in transport spindles
• longer processing distance / reaction distance

Usually, planetary roller extruders with a filling level of less than 90%, preferably less than 80%, are driven by their cavity volume in the operational state with all planetary spindles and other parts.

Preferably, the module / section provided for the process control according to the invention is run with 100% filling / filling level of the void volume. Where this does not succeed, a filling / filling level of greater than 98% is provided; where this does not succeed, with a filling / filling level greater than 95%. Where that does not succeed, it is driven with even less degree of filling.

The filling / degree of filling according to the invention is achieved with a throttling of the material outlet. In the simplest case, an appropriately small outlet cross section is sufficient to achieve the desired throttling. According to the invention, the throttling is possible only at the extruder outlet. This serves to avoid excessive mechanical stress on the resulting compounds. In contrast, the use of rings with throttling effect between the extruder inlet and the extruder outlet occurs regularly on conventional modular / sectional planetary roller extruders.

Although the outlet cross-section can also be changed, for example by interchangeable rings with different opening cross-sections. This is regularly associated with a conversion. An adjustable throttle can also be achieved by a throttle valve at the outlet opening. The throttle valve can be kept as long as fully or largely closed when starting the system until a desired degree of filling in the module / section has formed (in planetary roller type). Then it is easier to come to a stable operation in the short term with the desired filling / filling level of the module / section.

The same effect as with a throttle valve can be achieved with a speed controllable pump between the module / section and the outlet opening.

On the inlet side, the desired filling / degree of filling can be achieved by a single-screw module / section. The single screw can be relatively short, for example, even a length of 1 to 2 D is sufficient, where D is the outer diameter of the screw. The single screw can Moreover, be in the above-mentioned form with the center spindle or be part of the central spindle, which then extends as a single screw through the extruder part, which is upstream of the module / section.

On the inlet side, the feed can also be fed through a side arm extruder into the extruder module / section. The side-arm extruder preferably has the shape of a twin-screw extruder. In this case, the material entry can take place transversely to the housing center axis and through the housing of the cooling / heating module or cooling / heating section. The side arm extruder then has its own drive. Preferably, the drive is adjustable, so that the material supply can be increased or reduced as needed.

Side arm extruders are described, for example, in the following publications: WO2008 / 058609 . WO2013 / 159801 . WO2014 / 056553 . WO2017 / 001048 . WO2017 / 028936 . DE10054854 . DE10356423 . DE102006001171 . DE102008018686 , The known side arm extruders also include twin-screw extruders. Preferably, the twin-screw extruder are driven for application to the material input with the lowest possible speed. By reducing the speed, the mechanical load on the resulting connections is minimized.

Instead of the side arm extruder, pumps can also be used for the material feed into the planetary roller extruder module / section.

In a module / section according to the invention it is advantageous to introduce as little mechanical energy as possible during the passage through the extruder into the feedstock. The energy expenditure for the movement of the central spindle and the rotating spindles depends on the viscosity / toughness of the feedstock. For the movement with a very tough material, a higher cost than with less tough material is required. If the material is less tough, the distance may be at least 1D and at most 2D. For tough material, the distance may be greater than 2D. D is the outer diameter of the planetary spindles. After a reduction in the number of planetary spindles, the remaining planetary spindles should be distributed uniformly around the circumference of the central spindle. After reducing the number of planetary spindles, at least three planetary spindles should remain.

The enlisted energy would have to be dissipated by the cooling again from the feedstock.

For example, low toughness feedstock is a suspension with water having a solids content of less than 30 wt%. Tougher material has - based on the suspension with water - usually a higher solids content.

The larger distance of the planetary spindles results in a much reduced planetary spindle number.

Preferably, the planetary spindles are arranged distributed uniformly on the circumference of the central spindle. This happens during assembly of each planetary roller module / planetary roller extruder section. In this case, the associated housing is first pushed over the central spindle and attached to the housing of the extruder drive or to another housing of a previously mounted extruder module / extruder section. For attachment of the housing, the housing of the extruder drive and the housing of the extruder modules / extruder sections are preferably provided with collars, which can be screwed together. After attaching the housing, the planetary spindles are positioned in the cavity between the housing / housing bushing and the central spindle. This happens by hand. With a little practice, fitters achieve a largely uniform distribution without any aids. If less practice is used, a template is recommended as a positioning aid. The template may be a disk with simple, spaced holes. Of advantage are holes whose diameter is for example up to 10mm larger than the diameter of the planetary spindles.

The number of planetary spindles can be reduced to three evenly distributed on the circumference of the central spindle planetary spindles.

However, the invention also takes into account that with the reduced planetary spindle number, a reduced material exchange at the cooling / heating surfaces of the planetary roller extruder section / module is accompanied. Preferably, the distance between the planetary spindles is therefore not chosen so large that the disadvantage of the decreasing contact with the cooling surfaces outweighs the advantage of lower energy input.

If the feed is not fully reacted, so the reaction time is extended in the planetary roller extruder or planetary roller extruder section or planetary roller extruder module according to the invention.

• -zunächst die Zentralspindel am Extruderantrieb montiert wird,
• -dann von den für die chemische Reaktion bestimmten Planetwalzenextrudermodulen das in Extrusionsrichtung erste Gehäuse montiert wird,
• -dann das in Extrusionsrichtung nächste (zweite) Gehäuse über die Zentralspindel geschoben wird,
• -dann zwischen die Zentralspindel und das zweite Gehäuse eine Planetspindel (besser mehrere, um die Zentralspindel gleichmäßig verteilte Planetspindeln) geschoben wird, bis die Planetspindel an die Buchse des zweiten Gehäuses stößt
• -dann der Abstand der Gehäuse unter Drehung der Planetspindel verändert wird, bis die Planetspindel mit einem Zahn in die Verzahnung der Buchse des ersten Gehäuses greift. Der sich dabei ergebende Abstand der Buchsen kann für die Fertigung eines Zwischenstückes genutzt werden, mit dem der Zwischenraum zwischen beiden beabstandeten Buchsen in axialer Richtung ganz und in radialer Richtung mindestens teilweise geschlossen wird. Der Abstand zwischen den Buchsen bestimmt die axiale Länge eines Zwischenstückes zwischen beiden Gehäusen. Das Zwischenstück kann verzahnungsfrei die umlaufenden Planetspindeln umgeben. Das Zwischenstück kann aber wie die Buchsen innen verzahnt sein und die Lücke zwischen beiden Buchsen so überbrücken, daß eine Verzahnungslänge wie bei einer einteiligen Buchse entsteht, auf der die beiden oben beschriebenen Gehäuse aufgeschrumpft sind
• -dann werden die benachbarten Gehäuse an den Flanschen miteinander verspannt, so daß das Zwischenstück zwischen den benachbarten Gehäuseenden eingespannt wird.

The extension of the reaction time can be done by lengthening the extruder. In the case of a modular extruder, the extension can also be made by adding another module. Preferably, another housing is attached to the existing housing of a module in such a way that overlong planetary spindles can extend through both housings or even more housings. The bushings of the modules can be aligned with your teeth so that an oversized planetary spindle can mesh simultaneously with the internal teeth of a bush and with the internal teeth of the other socket. According to the invention is then preferably used that the internal teeth of the bushings has a whole number of teeth (on the inner surface of the bush circumferentially whole teeth are arranged side by side, which run parallel to each other from one end of the socket to the other end of the socket). In order to effect a proper engagement of the planetary spindle in the internal teeth of adjacent bushings, the sockets are brought to a certain distance at which the planetary spindles engage simultaneously in the teeth of both bushes. Starting from an always identical position of the bushings in the module housings, the distance can be calculated from the pitch of the teeth and their dimensions. The distance can also be determined empirically, for example by

• -first, the central spindle is mounted on the extruder drive,
• -then of the intended for the chemical reaction planetary roller extruder modules in the extrusion direction first housing is mounted,
• -then in the extrusion direction next (second) housing is pushed over the central spindle,
• -then between the central spindle and the second housing a planetary spindle (more preferably, to the central spindle evenly distributed planetary spindles) is pushed until the planetary spindle abuts the socket of the second housing
• -then the distance of the housing is changed by rotation of the planetary spindle until the planetary spindle engages with a tooth in the toothing of the socket of the first housing. The resulting distance between the bushes can be used for the production of an intermediate piece, with the gap between the two spaced bushings in the axial direction is completely closed and at least partially in the radial direction. The distance between the bushes determines the axial length of an intermediate piece between the two housings. The intermediate piece can surround the rotating planetary spindles without teeth. However, the intermediate piece can be toothed like the bushings and bridge the gap between the two bushings so that a toothing length as in a one-piece socket is formed, on which the two housings described above are shrunk
• -then the adjacent housing on the flanges are clamped together, so that the intermediate piece is clamped between the adjacent housing ends.

A determined for a size adapter can be used in the design for the same other planetary roller extruder modules.

• -zwei Modulgehäuse auf einer überlangen Buchse aufzuschrumpfen.

Das kann mit Zwischenstück oder ohne Zwischenstück erfolgen. Das Zwischenstück hätte dann vorzugsweise die Aufgabe, die Buchsen in der Lücke zwischen den aufgeschrumpften Gehäusen vor Biegelasten und anderen Lasten zu schützen.According to the invention, it may also be expedient

• - Shrink two module housings on an overlong socket.

This can be done with spacer or without adapter. The intermediate piece would then preferably have the task of protecting the bushes in the gap between the shrunk-on housings against bending loads and other loads.

Optionally, an extruder section, which was adapted to a previously desired processing line, can be combined for extension with a module. Then the extruder section to be extended is treated like an extruder module.

The extended in the manner described above extruder section / module also requires an extended central spindle. The extended central spindle can be custom-made. It is also possible to extend the previous central spindle, when the central spindle is in turn made up of sections together. The sections are then preferably composed of sleeves, which are braced against each other with a tie rod. The torque must not be transmitted solely by the frictional engagement between the sleeves. The sleeves can also have a form-fitting by being attached to a End are provided with a threaded pin and at the other end with a threaded hole, so that the one sleeve with the pin can be screwed into the threaded hole of the other sleeve.

In addition and / or as an alternative to the extension of the extruder, the feedstock in the extruder / section / module can be circulated for a correspondingly long time, and only a correspondingly small portion of unreacted feedstock is fed and an equal portion of fully reacted compounds removed.

The circulation can be effected at a correspondingly high void volume through the central spindle and the rotating planetary spindles by the material input and the material discharge are regulated. The discharge can be well controlled with a valve. The circulation can take place at the usual degree of filling of the planetary roller extruder / section / module. Preferably, however, worked with the highest possible degree of filling. The greater the degree of filling, the greater the amount of feedstock in the extruder.

For the entry of a pump, in particular a controllable pump is advantageous. In this case, the pump can be fed with an extruder, preferably a single-screw extruder with the feedstock. In order to reduce the conveying effect of the planetary roller extruder / section / module, planetary spindles can also be used in the extruder module / section according to the invention, which are wholly or partly in the form of nodal spindles or transport spindles or hedgehog spindles or else are designed as combination spindles. With such spindles less mechanical energy is introduced into the feedstock and the resulting compound.

In the training as Noppenspindeln the planetary spindles of planetary spindles in normal teeth differ in that after cutting the usual normal teeth additionally opposing teeth are cut into the planetary spindles, which intersect the previously cut teeth. As a result, nubs remain as Zahnbesatz. The knobbing is described in the WO2014 / 056553 . WO2011 / 091966 . WO2017 / 001048 ,

The transport spindles differ from planetary spindles in normal teeth in that after cutting the usual normal teeth individual teeth are wholly or partially worked out of the planetary spindles. The number of teeth of a planetary spindle can be reduced to three teeth and even one tooth. As long as several teeth remain of the tooth stocking a Noppenspindel, the teeth are preferably evenly distributed on the circumference of the Noppenspindel. Surprisingly, however, a single-pinned spindle can be used because the single tooth winds around the planetary spindle like a helical thread due to helical toothing. The transport spindles are in the patent applications EP10006066 . DE12006033089 . EP1844917 described.

To the inventive low energy input in the extruder / module / section can also contribute a reduced speed of the central spindle. The reduced speed requires less engine power. That is, less energy is introduced into the feedstock and resulting compounds, which must then be removed by refrigeration, as long as the energy can not be consumed by the chemical reaction. The usual speed of the central spindle is depending on the size of the planetary roller extruder size Speed in rpm 70mm to 220 100mm to 220 120mm to 220 150mm to 115 180mm to 80 200mm to 80 250mm to 80 300mm to 80 400mm to 80

According to the invention, the engine speed is reduced by at least 10%, preferably by at least 20%, even more preferably by at least 30%, and most preferably by at least 40%.

• -der auch zusammen mit einer geringen Förderwirkung der Planetwalzenextruderteile in dem Modul noch einen ausreichenden Transport von Einsatzmaterial und entstehenden Verbindungen in dem Extruder/Modul/Abschnitt sicher stellt
• -der auch ohne nennenswerte Förderwirkung der Planetwalzenextruderteile noch einen ausreichenden Transport des Einsatzmaterials und der entstehenden Verbindungen in dem Extruder/Modul/Abschnitt sicher stellt
• -der mit einer Förderrichtung, die gegen die Förderwirkung der Planetwalzenextruderteile gerichtet ist (entgegen gerichtete Förderwirkung), deren Förderwirkung überwindet und einen ausreichenden Transport des Einsatzmaterials und der entstehenden Verbindungen durch den Extruder/Modul/Abschnitt sicher stellt.

In all measures according to the invention for reducing the energy input, the use of a pump or a Seitenarmextruders, but also an upstream Einschnecke be beneficial. With the pump, the side arm extruder and the upstream single screw in the cooling module / section, a pressure can be generated, the

• which also ensures, together with a low conveying effect of the planetary roller extruder parts in the module, still sufficient transport of feed material and resulting connections in the extruder / module / section
• -or even without significant conveying effect of planetary roller extruder parts still ensures adequate transport of the feedstock and the resulting compounds in the extruder / module / section
• that with a conveying direction which is directed against the conveying action of the planetary roller extruder parts (counter-directed conveying action), overcomes their conveying effect and ensures sufficient transport of the feedstock and the resulting compounds through the extruder / module / section.

An opposing conveying effect of the planetary roller extruder parts causes a stronger mixture of the feedstock. The counteracting conveying action of the planetary roller extruder parts can be achieved with an entry of the feedstock at the drive end of the extruder, when the conveying direction of the extruder is reversed. In the simplest case, a reversal of the direction of rotation may be sufficient. At the same time either the pump pressure is kept so large that the planetary spindles abut the previous slip rings, or the slip rings are arranged at lower pump pressure at the opposite end of the planetary spindles in the extruder, so that the planetary spindles rest under the pressure of the central spindles back to the slip rings. In case of using a side arm extruder instead of a pump, the corresponding applies.

Preferably, in the opposite direction conveying effect, the previous conveying direction of the planetary roller extruder is maintained, so that the planetary roller extruder promotes further in the direction of its discharge end. However, the pump is no longer arranged on the drive side but at the opposite end of the extruder, preferably before the end, which is the discharge end in conventional extruders. Through this end, the feed is entered. For discharging the resulting compounds an opening in the planetary roller extruder housing is then provided on the drive side. At a correspondingly high pump pressure, the planetary spindles can then slide with the drive-side planetary spindle end against the drive-side arranged sliding rings. At lower pump pressure, the planetary spindles with the opposite end as before can slide on the slip rings. When using a Seitenarmextruders instead of a pump, the previous discharge end of the extruder is closed with a lid. Incidentally, the same conditions arise as when using a pump.

• -Ausbildung der Planetspindeln
• -Abstand der Planetspindeln. Je größer der Abstand ist, desto stärker wird der Einfluß der Pumpe. Vorzugsweise in ein Abstand von mindestens 1D, noch weiter bevorzugt von höchstens 2D bei Einsatzmaterial mit geringer Zähigkeit vorgesehen. Bei zähem Einsatzmaterial kann der Abstand auch größer als 2D sein. Dabei ist D der Außendurchmesser der Planetspindeln.
• - Druckverhältnisse
• -Drehzahlen der Zentralspindel
• -Größe der Feststoffpartikel im Einsatzmaterial

On the flow conditions in the extruder, various factors can influence. This includes in particular

• -Education of the planetary spindles
• Distance of the planetary spindles. The greater the distance, the stronger the influence of the pump becomes. Preferably provided at a distance of at least 1D, even more preferably of at most 2D for feedstock with low toughness. With tough feed, the distance can be greater than 2D. Where D is the outer diameter of the planetary spindles.
• - pressure conditions
• -Turning speeds of the central spindle
• Size of the solid particles in the feed

The pumps and Seitenarmextruder used are preferably adjustable in speed. This allows a regulation of the supply of feedstock. Preferably, a controllable valve, optionally also a pump is provided at the discharge of the extruder. In particular, with the pump at the extruder discharge, the degree of filling of the extruder can be controlled. The regulation also includes variable-speed drive for the planetary roller extruder and a measurement of the temperature. Preferably finds various locations of the extruder take a temperature measurement. By reducing the speed of the energy input into the feed and the resulting connections can be reduced. This means that less energy is introduced into the feed, which then has to be removed again by cooling. The usual speed of the central spindle is depending on the size of the planetary roller extruder Frame size 70mm Speed in rpm up to 220 100mm to 220 120mm to 220 150mm to 115 180mm to 80 200mm to 80 250mm to 80 300mm to 80 400mm to 80

According to the invention, the engine speed is reduced by at least 10%, preferably by at least 20%.

With the temperature measurement, some factors of the cooling / heating process can be optimized, for example the drive speed for the planetary roller extruder / section / module, the supply of feed material, the discharge of swollen compounds, the temperature of the tempering agent.

The extruder / module / section according to the invention offers a particularly advantageous temperature control (cooling for the disposal of heat / energy, heating for a necessary heat supply / energy supply) when the tempering between the bushing and the surrounding housing is guided in channels which like threads on run the socket surface and at the same time lead the tempering in the axial direction of the socket

According to the invention, bushings are preferably used which have the following material thickness in millimeters (mm) in the depth between the teeth of their internal toothing and the tempering agent depending on the size of the extruder: size Material thickness Preferably Material thickness even more preferred Material thickness most preferred 70 less than or equal to 4.5 less than or equal to 3 at least 1.5 100 less than or equal to 4.5 less than or equal to 3 at least 1.5 150 less than or equal to 5 less than or equal to 3.5 at least 2 180 less than or equal to 5.7 less than or equal to 3.6 at least 2 200 less than or equal to 5.6 less than or equal to 3.6 at least 2 250 less than or equal to 5.7 less than or equal to 3.7 at least 3 280 less than or equal to 6 less than or equal to 4 at least 3 300 less than or equal to 6 less than or equal to 4 at least 3 400 less than or equal to 6.5 less than or equal to 4.5 at least 3.5

• -wenn die Kanäle in die Innenwand des Gehäuses eingearbeitet sind,
• -als auch dann, wenn die Kanäle in die Außenfläche der Buchse eingearbeitet sind. Dann kommt es auf den geringsten Abstand zwischen dem Tiefsten zwischen den Zähnen und dem Tiefsten der Kanäle an.

Solche dünnen Buchsen sind durch Anwendung einer Funkenerosionstechnik bei der Herstellung der Innenverzahnung möglich, wie sie beschrieben ist in DE102013000708 , DE102012006169 , DE102010026535 , DE102009059912 , DE102007050466 , DE102004048440 , DE10354172 .As a size of the pitch diameter of the internal teeth in the housing / socket is considered. The above dimensions should apply both

• if the channels are incorporated in the inner wall of the housing,
• -also, even if the channels are incorporated in the outer surface of the socket. Then it depends on the smallest distance between the deepest between the teeth and the deepest of the channels.

Such thin bushes are possible by using a spark erosion technique in the manufacture of the internal gear teeth, as described in DE102013000708 . DE102012006169 . DE102010026535 . DE102009059912 . DE102007050466 . DE102004048440 . DE10354172 ,

Preferably, the sockets are externally provided with grooves. The bushings, like the internal toothing, can be provided with the channel-forming grooves by spark erosion. However, if the grooves are made before the internal teeth, the grooves can also be incorporated on a lathe or milling bench. In the channel-forming grooves, the tempering agent flows from one end of the sleeve to the other end of the sleeve. The grooves extend with a slope to the bushing center axis as the internal teeth. The pitch of the grooves may be the same as that of the internal teeth. However, the slope can also be larger or smaller. In the case of the channels machined into the bushing outer surface, the above thickness specifications refer to the least thickness of material found between the depth of the grooves on the outside of the bushings and the depth between two teeth of the internal teeth of the bushes.

With the externally grooved bushings housing correspond with a smooth inner bore for receiving the sockets. After mounting the bushes in the housing, the grooves are closed on the outside, so that closed channels have arisen. The assembly is preferably carried out by shrinking the housing on the jacks.

The thin bushings according to the invention are of great importance for the temperature control. They shorten the heat flow, so that the temperature can be regulated faster and thus more accurately. For the tempering is also beneficial if a plurality of channels winds along the outer surface of the sockets along. This allows the jacks to be evenly tempered. The larger the amount of heat to be transported, the greater the difference in temperature between the tempering agent and the extruded material in the extruder is selected. Furthermore, it is possible to influence the temperature control with the flow rate of the tempering agent.

Preferably, the temperature between the sockets and the surrounding housing is supplemented with a temperature control of the central spindle. For this purpose, the central spindle preferably has two concentrically arranged tubes, between which an annular space. The outer tube is externally provided with a toothing or carries one or more externally toothed sleeves, which together form the toothing of the central spindle. The inner tube is penetrated by an armature, with which the central spindle is clamped to the output pin of the drive. The temperature of the central spindle is preferably effected with the same temperature control means as the temperature control between the sleeve and the surrounding housing. The tempering agent can flow back through the inner tube to the central spindle tip and through the space between the outer tube and inner tube. Or the Temperierungsmittel can flow through the gap between the outer tube and inner tube to the central spindle tip and flow back from there through the inner tube.

Incidentally, it is advantageous when using a screw for feeding a pump and the screw to temper. For this purpose, the screw in the same way as the central spindle have an outer and an inner tube, flows through tempering and be provided with a drive.

The tempering agent used is preferably water, as far as possible. At higher reaction temperatures, the temperature is controlled with oil.

According to the invention, any desired temperature profile can be maintained over the length of the Temperierungsstrecke by several Temperierungskreise (cooling circuits / heating circuits) are arranged in the extrusion direction of the planetary roller extruder over the length of the Temperierungsstrecke.

For this purpose, the leading from one end of the extruder / module / section to the other end of the extruder / module / section channels can be divided into individual channel sections and each channel section is assigned its own cooling / heating device, so that the different channel sections are applied differently with tempering can. That is, it can be worked in each of the sections / modules with a different desired temperature.

The production of an extruder / module / section according to the invention with a greater length is possible according to the invention, because the associated internal toothing can be produced by the EDM technique. The spark erosion technique for the production of internal gears for overlong Planetary Roller Extruder Modules is described in U.S. Patent No. 5,306,074 WO2014 / 056553 ; WO2017 / 050400 ; EP1533101 ; EP1533101 ; EP2335898 ; DE433487 , With conventional technology, in which the internal toothing is pulled, the internal threads are getting worse and worse with increasing length. With such technology, only short planetary roller extruder sections / modules of sufficient quality can be produced in practice.

The manufacture of extra long extruders / modules / sections eliminates the starting rings required for the usual module length in planetary roller extruder design. This eliminates the outgoing of the stop rings mechanical load of the feedstock and the resulting compounds.

Where it does not depend on the avoidance of the mechanical loading by the contact rings, can be - as described above - produce short machining sections from short planetary roller extruder modules / sections by juxtaposing several modules / sections.

But it can also combine the advantages of overlong modules / sections with the advantages of the short modules / sections, if the jacks of modules / sections are aligned with your teeth so that an oversized planetary spindle simultaneously with the internal teeth of a socket and the Internal toothing of the other socket can comb.

• -zunächst die Zentralspindel am Extruderantrieb montiert wird,
• -dann von den für die Entgasung bestimmten Planetwalzenextrudermodulen das in Extrusionsrichtung erste Gehäuse montiert wird,
• -dann das in Extrusionsrichtung nächste (zweite) Gehäuse über die Zentralspindel geschoben wird,
• -dann zwischen die Zentralspindel und das zweite Gehäuse eine Planetspindel (besser mehrere, um die Zentralspindel gleichmäßig verteilte Planetspindeln) geschoben wird, bis die Planetspindel an die Buchse des zweiten Gehäuses stößt
• -dann der Abstand der Gehäuse unter Drehung der Planetspindel verändert wird, bis die Planetspindel mit einem Zahn in die Verzahnung der Buchse des ersten Gehäuses greift. Der sich dabei ergebende Abstand der Buchsen kann für die Fertigung eines Zwischenstückes genutzt werden, mit dem der Zwischenraum zwischen beiden beabstandeten Buchsen in axialer Richtung ganz und in radialer Richtung mindestens teilweise geschlossen wird. Der Abstand zwischen den Buchsen bestimmt die axiale Länge eines Zwischenstückes zwischen beiden Gehäusen. Das Zwischenstück kann verzahnungsfrei die umlaufenden Planetspindeln umgeben. Das Zwischenstück kann aber wie die Buchsen innen verzahnt sein und die Lücke zwischen beiden Buchsen so überbrücken, daß eine Verzahnungslänge wie bei einer einteiligen Buchse entsteht, auf der die beiden oben beschriebenen Gehäuse aufgeschrumpft sind
• -dann werden die benachbarten Gehäuse an den Flanschen miteinander verspannt, so daß das Zwischenstück zwischen den benachbarten Gehäuseenden eingespannt wird.

According to the invention is used in this case that arranged on the inner surface of the bushing circumferentially whole teeth side by side. The teeth are parallel to each other on a tortuous path from one end of the sleeve to the other end of the sleeve. In order to effect a proper engagement of the planetary spindle in the internal teeth of adjacent bushings, the sockets are brought to a certain distance at which the planetary spindles engage simultaneously in the teeth of both bushes. Starting from an always identical position of the bushings in the module housings, the distance can be calculated from the pitch of the teeth and their dimensions. The distance can also be determined empirically, for example by

• -first, the central spindle is mounted on the extruder drive,
• -then of the designated for degassing planetary roller extruder modules in the extrusion direction first housing is mounted,
• -then in the extrusion direction next (second) housing is pushed over the central spindle,
• -then between the central spindle and the second housing a planetary spindle (more preferably, to the central spindle evenly distributed planetary spindles) is pushed until the planetary spindle abuts the socket of the second housing
• -then the distance of the housing is changed by rotation of the planetary spindle until the planetary spindle engages with a tooth in the toothing of the socket of the first housing. The resulting distance between the bushes can be used for the production of an intermediate piece, with the gap between the two spaced bushings in the axial direction is completely closed and at least partially in the radial direction. The distance between the bushes determines the axial length of an intermediate piece between the two housings. The intermediate piece can surround the rotating planetary spindles without teeth. However, the intermediate piece can be toothed like the bushings and bridge the gap between the two bushings so that a toothing length as in a one-piece socket is formed, on which the two housings described above are shrunk
• -then the adjacent housing on the flanges are clamped together, so that the intermediate piece is clamped between the adjacent housing ends.

• -zwei Modulgehäuse auf einer überlangen Buchse aufzuschrumpfen. Das kann mit Zwischenstück oder ohne Zwischenstück erfolgen. Das Zwischenstück hätte dann vorzugsweise die Aufgabe, die Buchsen in der Lücke zwischen den aufgeschrumpften Gehäusen vor Biegelasten und anderen Lasten zu schützen.

According to the invention may also be advantageous

• - Shrink two module housings on an overlong socket. This can be done with spacer or without adapter. The intermediate piece would then preferably have the task of protecting the bushes in the gap between the shrunk-on housings against bending loads and other loads.

Although several successive and aligned planetary roller extruder modules have separate housing and separate, the internal toothing bushings and usually separate planetary spindles, but always a common central spindle. The common central spindle causes a common rotational movement of all moving parts. Several, in the extrusion direction one behind the other not aligned arranged planetary roller modules have separate central spindles. Such arrangement results in so-called tandem systems with primary extruder and secondary extruder or in cascade systems. Then the extruder in the extrusion direction is not arranged in alignment behind the preceding extruder. Either in the aligned planetary roller extruder sections / modules as well as in the sections / modules of a tandem installation / cascade installation, the module / section according to the invention can be used; likewise in a single arrangement.

In the drawing, various embodiments of the invention are shown.

In 1 is a section of a socket 1 for a planetary roller extruder section / module intended for carrying out chemical processes. Inside is the gearing 2 visible; on the outside the grooves / cutouts, which channels 3 form. The dimension in the deepest between the teeth and in the deepest of the channels is designated with 4.

2 shows a section of a planetary roller extruder module size 120 with a housing 12 , The size indicates the pitch circle diameter of the internal teeth in the housing 12 , The housing 12 encloses the socket 1 with the internal toothing 2 , In the case 12 turns a central spindle 11 , To the central spindle 11 run planetary spindles 10 around. The planetary spindles are in the embodiment transport spindles and mesh with both the central spindle 11 as well as with the internal toothing of the socket 1 , The central spindle 11 is moved at 80 revolutions per minute.

In the exemplary embodiment, styrene homopolymers are suspended in a suspension with water for polymerization in the cavity of the planetary roller extruder module between the central spindle 11 , the planetary spindles 10 and the internal teeth 2 the socket 1 entered. At the same time peroxide is registered as a starter of the polymerization process. The orbital movement of the central spindle and the planets leads to a known polymerization at the correct pressure and temperature. The polymerization is carried out under constant supply of further homopolymers until polystyrene particles of a desired size have been formed by polymerization. The resulting polystyrene particles are discharged from the extruder.

During polymerization, water flows through the channels as a tempering agent 2 , The tempering agent is used to set the correct polymerization temperature in the planetary roller extruder module.

3 shows in the assembly of the planetary roller extruder its housing 12 with a drive 16 for the central spindle 11 and with a discharge part 15 , In the exemplary embodiment, the feedstock is used as a water suspension via a feed line 17 through the jacket of the housing 12 fed. In another embodiment is between the drive 16 and the housing 12 still provided a ring construction. In the ring construction is a circulating line, which in several places to the housing 12 is open, so that the suspension is fed with homostyrene and starter front side into the housing. The ring construction is composed of two rings. The one ring has the front side a circumferential groove. On the circumference of this ring is an opening for the connection of a feed line for the feedstock. The opening connects the groove to the supply line. The second ring forms a lid for closing the groove. In addition, the lid has different, evenly distributed on the circumference openings from which the suspension can escape into the interior of the extruder housing.

In still other embodiments, the various constituents of the suspension are introduced completely separately or partially separated into the planetary roller extruder module and mixed there to form a suspension.

In the task of suspension arises by means of a pump 18 a desired pressure build-up. At the exit end is the housing 12 closed with a disc, not shown. The disc also forms the contact surfaces for the planetary spindles 10 , In the embodiment, the central spindles 11 flying in the request 16 stored. The free end of the central spindle is between the planetary spindles 10 in the surrounding internal toothing 2 held.

In other embodiments, a bearing of the ausstrittseitigen central spindle end is additionally provided in the disc or in a bearing ring provided instead of the disc.

The polystyrene produced in the planetary roller extruder module is supplied via lines 19 and 21 in the discharge part 15 directed. This is located in the lines 19 and another pump 20 , With the pumps 18 and 20 Advantageously, the material throughput through the planetary roller extruder module can be set within wide limits at high filling levels of the planetary roller extruder module independently of its delivery rate and conveying direction.

During the material passage through the planetary roller extruder module, the feedstock and the resulting polystyrene experience the desired temperature control. The material is recurring with the tempered internal teeth 2 brought in contact, deported from the internal teeth and mixed with the remaining material. For adjusting and regulating the polymerization temperature, three temperature control sections lying one behind the other in the flow direction are in the housing 12 intended. Each of the Temperierungsstrecken is through a section of the channels 3 intended to include a water supply and a water outlet and a heat exchanger, which in case of necessary cooling that in the housing 12 heated water cools back before it is returned to the housing. In case of necessary heating that is in the housing 12 cooled water is reheated before it is returned to the housing.

To the first in the flow direction of the feed Temperierungskreis include lines 32 and 33 and a radiator / heater 23 , to the second cooling / heating circuit include lines 34 and 35 and a radiator / heater 24 , to the third cooling / heating circuit include lines 36 and 37 and a radiator / heater 31 ,

In another embodiment, instead of the other pump 20 a throttle valve provided. At the same time, instead of the suspension feed through the jacket of the housing 12 a supply via a ring construction provided between the drive-side flange 40 of the housing and the associated connection flange 41 sits on the drive and surrounds the central spindle in the distance. This has compared to the execution 3 structural advantages, because the suspension feed then does not interfere with the water supply.

In the ring construction, a channel is incorporated, which are connected via openings in the housing-side wall with the cavity of the cooling / heating module or - section, so that fed suspension can be pressed into the planetary roller extruder module or section.

In a third embodiment, the output side of the planetary roller extruder module no closed disc, but only a conventional stop ring for the Planetspindeln10 is provided, which surrounds the Zentralslpindelende at a distance, so that a gap for the passage of the slurry into the nozzle part 15 consists. At the same time sits a throttle valve between the housing flange 42 and the associated connection flange 43 of the nozzle part.

• -dessen Hohlraumvolumen
• -durch den Füllungsgrad des Extruders
• -durch die Zuführung von Suspension
• -durch den Austritt entstehendes Polystyrol.

The embodiment according to 4 differs from the embodiment according to 3 in that at the end of the planetary roller extruder module 140 that the drive 139 turned away, an adapter 145 for connecting a pump 146 is provided. The pump 146 presses the suspension against the conveying action of the planetary roller extruder module 140 into him and through him. On the way the polymerization takes place. In this case, the residence time of in the planetary roller extruder module 140 determined by

• -there is cavity volume
• by the degree of filling of the extruder
• by the addition of suspension
• by the emergence of polystyrene.

The resulting polystyrene emerges from an opening 147 at the drive end of the planetary roller extruder module 140 from and is used further. Advantageously, the planetary roller extruder 140 be driven both with a usual degree of filling for extruder as well as with a much higher degree of filling such as 95%. With sufficient viscosity of the suspension accumulates in the opposite directions of flow of pump and planetary parts so much material that even with conventional degree of filling the desired residence time is ensured in the extruder. In contrast, if the viscosity is not sufficient for this congestion behavior, the valve described above is provided in a further embodiment of the discharge, so that material is stowed with low toughness.

5 shows a further embodiment with various planetary roller extruder modules 150 . 151 . 152 , which together form a processing line for the suspension. The processing line after 5 is opposite to the processing section after 4 many times longer.

Through all Planewalzenextrudermodule extends in the exemplary embodiment, not shown common, tempered central spindle. The drive for the central spindle and the rotating on the central spindle planetary spindles sits in the view as in the embodiment example 4 Left. To all Planet spindles include thrust rings 159 . 160 and 161 on which the planetary spindles, which are under the pressure of the central spindle, glide circumferentially. The printing direction is in 5 with an arrow 165 shown. The contact rings are also used for pressure and temperature measurement. The measured data enter the regulation of the extruder.

The embodiment according to 5 owns as the embodiment of 4 at the end, which faces away from the drive, a pump 153 , This pump 153 is via a single-screw extruder 155 fed with suspension. The suspension is added 156 filled in the single screw extruder. The single-screw extruder 155 make sure the pump 153 does not run dry and supplements the pressure build-up by the pump 153 , The pressure direction of the single-screw extruder 155 and the pump 153 are in 5 with an arrow 166 shown. The single-screw extruder 155 is via an adapter 154 with the pump 153 connected. The drive of the single-screw extruder 155 is designated 157. His snail is tempered. For temperature control serve concentric nested pipes 158 , which are flowed through with tempering. The coolant that is heated in the event of necessary cooling by the screw cooling is supplied with a recooler 170 brought back to the starting temperature and again in the screw of the single screw extruder 155 fed. The cooling of the common central spindle for the planetary roller extruder modules 150 . 151 and 152 takes place accordingly. In case of necessary heating applies accordingly.

Furthermore, in 5 a temperature control 172 for the pump and a temperature control 173 for the planetary roller extruder modules 151 and 152 shown. The temperature control 174 for the planetary roller extruder module is shown in section. The working direction / printing direction 165 of the set of several modules planetary roller extruder and the working direction / direction of pressure 166 the pump 153 and the single screw extruder 155 are directed against each other. With the pump 153 and the single screw extruder 155 The pumped by the planetary roller extruder in the direction of the pump suspension is pushed back in the direction of the drive, not shown. The result is a vortex with a settable within wide limits residence time of the suspension in the planetary roller extruder. The residence time depends on the void volume of the planetary roller extruder and the amount of suspension, which is supplied via the pump and as in the embodiment according to 4 is discharged from a discharge opening in the vicinity of the drive of the planetary roller extruder.

The embodiment according to 6 differs from the embodiment according to 5 in that only part of the suspension via the feeding screw 155 and the pump 153 in the module 152 is registered. The remaining suspension is behind the pump 153 over a ring 180 is injected, which forms together with the stop ring a ring construction with different functions. One function is the formation of a sliding surface for the planetary spindles revolving around the central spindle. The other function is to introduce further suspension for carrying out the desired polymerization. To introduce the suspension, the part of the ring construction intended for this purpose is provided with a groove which is closed by a lid. In the lid are various, evenly distributed on a circle openings for the material outlet. The ring construction is connected to a corresponding supply line.

To build up pressure for the entry of the suspension is a controllable pump 181 intended. There is also a temperature control 182 provided with water. The suspension entry is by means of a flow measuring device 183 measured. The measured values are used to control the pump 181 ,

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

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Claims (13)

A chemical reaction for producing novel compounds having flowable feedstock in a planetary roller extruder or planetary roller extruder section or planetary extruder module using at least one reactant, the reaction depending at least on residence time in the extruder, wherein the planetary roller extruder or planetary roller extruder section or planetary roller extruder module consists of a centrally rotating, externally toothed one Central spindle, which is surrounded at a distance from a housing with an internally toothed sleeve, wherein in the distance externally toothed planetary spindles rotate, the teeth of which meshes with the teeth of the central spindle and the internal teeth of the bushing and the rear end in the direction of extrusion by means of a slider are held in the axial direction, -wobei between the internal toothing of the socket and the surrounding housing a temperature control is provided, characterized in that the Ex between the moving parts has a movement play of at least 3mm between the toothed parts and / or that the extruder is extended to extend the residence time, wherein the extension is formed by at least one further planetary roller extruder section or planetary roller extruder module. or that in the planetary roller extruder or planetary roller extruder section or planetary roller extruder module to extend the residence time of the conveying direction of the extruder counter directed flow is generated Method according to Claim 1 , characterized by a pressure control in the extruder. Method according to Claim 2 characterized by a) a degree of filling which is preferably greater than 95% of the cavity in the planetary roller extruder section or module, more preferably 98% of the cavity in the planetary roller extruder module or section b) control of material exit at the planetary roller extruder section or module and c) Regulation of the material entry Method according to Claim 3 characterized by a flow control with a throttle or with an adjustable valve or with a variable speed pump or with an adjustable side arm extruder. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 4 , characterized in that when using a pump or a Seitenarmextruders for material input, the delivery pressure of the pump or the Seitenarmextruders or Einschneckenmoduls is set to be greater than the delivery pressure of Planetwalzzene extruder parts, wherein the pump is preferably fed with a single screw. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 5 , characterized in that at the drive-side material entry at the planetary roller extruder section or module, the conveying direction of the planetary roller extruder parts is directed against the material entry and the material discharge is provided at the extruder end, which faces away from the drive. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 5 , characterized in that the material supply by the pump or the Seitenarmextruder or the Einschnecke takes place at the extruder end, which faces away from the drive, and the conveying direction of the planetary roller extruder parts is directed against the material entry. Method according to Claim 1 , characterized in that an extension of the residence time is achieved in that an additional planetary roller extruder or an existing planetary roller extruder or planetary roller extruder section or planetary roller extruder module another planetary roller extruder section or planetary roller extruder module is attached, so that at least two planetary roller extruder modules are arranged in alignment with each other, wherein a) the housing are shrunk on the jacks and overlong planetary spindles at least in adjacent jacks and determines the distance between adjacent sockets with the housings sitting thereon by intermediate pieces or b) at least two housings are connected to one another by an overlong socket extending into both housings and the two housings are seated together on the socket and are preferably additionally connected to one another via intermediate pieces. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 8th , characterized in that a) the reaction temperature is maintained by cooling the feedstock when heat is released in the reaction or b) the reaction temperature is maintained by cooling, if more energy is introduced into the feedstock by the movement of the movable planetary roller extruder parts or (c) the reaction temperature is maintained by heating the feedstock if the energy introduced into the feedstock by the movement of the movable planetary roller extruder parts is insufficient to meet the heat demand required for the reaction. Method according to Claim 11 , Characterized in that the need for cooling is reduced with decreasing strength of the flowable charge material by reducing the energy input in the feedstock, preferably by one or more of the following features: a) increasing the distance between the peripheral to the central spindle planetary spindles at least 1D , where D is the planetary spindle outside diameter b) Use of hedgehog spindles or spindle nubs or transport spindles or planetary spindles with combined gearing c) on the basis of the size, the usual speed of size Speed in rpm 70mm to 220 100mm to 220 120mm to 220 150mm to 115 180mm to 80 200mm to 80 250mm to 80 300mm to 80 400mm to 80 is reduced by at least 10%, preferably by at least 20%, even more preferably by at least 30% and most preferably by at least 40%. d) on the basis of the size of a game of motion and depending on the used tooth module in the teeth of Planetwalzenextrudern or Planetwalzenextruderabschnitten or Planetwalzenextrudermodulen provided as follows: depending on the size (corresponding to the pitch circle diameter of the internal teeth) and the tooth module used. Size In mm tooth module Play in mm at least Play in mm preferably 70 2.5 3.0 3.5-4.0 100 3.0 3.5 3.7-4.0 150 3.0 3.5 3.7-4.5 180 3.5 2.5 3.0-4.0 200 3.5 3.0 3.2-4.0 250 3.5 3.0 3.2-4.0 280 5.5 4.0 4.2 to 5.5 300 3.5 3.0 3.2-4.0 350 3.5 3.5 3.7-4.5 400 3.5-5.5 3.5 3.7-5.5 Method according to one of Claims 1 to 10 , characterized in that for the temperature of the planetary roller extruder bushes are used, which have the following minimum wall thickness in mm, depending on the size size material thickness preferred material thickness minimum material thickness 70 less than or equal to 4.5 less than or equal to 3 1.5 100 less than or equal to 4.5 less than or equal to 3 1.5 150 less than or equal to 5 less than or equal to 3.5 2 180 less than or equal to 5.7 less than or equal to 3.6 2 200 less than or equal to 5.6 less than or equal to 3.6 2 250 less than or equal to 5.7 less than or equal to 3.7 3 280 less than or equal to 6 less than or equal to 4 3 300 less than or equal to 6 less than or equal to 4 3 400 less than or equal to 6.5 less than or equal to 4.5 3.5 Method according to Claim 11 , characterized in that for the production of the game, the dimensions of the planetary spindles are changed, Method according to one of Claims 1 to 12 characterized by the use of water or oil for the tempering agent.

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