DE102019001191A1 - Production and processing of polymer blends with other substances by extrusion - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an extruder with a designed as Planetewalzenextruderabschnitt / module filler with enlarged cavity.

Description

The invention relates to the production and processing of polymers or polymer blends with other materials, in particular other materials with low bulk density by extrusion, wherein the extruder consists of several successively arranged in the extrusion direction planetary roller extruder modules.
The polymers or polymer blends are first carried in a planetary roller extruder module and plasticized in this planetary roller extruder module and / or another planetary roller extruder module.
The other substances may be fillers, aggregates and additives. The amounts of filler are regularly large, the additives regularly very low. The other materials are given after the formation of the melt in the extruder and mixed with the melt.

Various materials can be placed in the extruder and melted there. Extrusion is particularly common in plastics. There are also other applications, for example food, animal feed.
The fillers, additives and additives can also be classified as follows: organic, natural, synthetic, inorganic.

• - dass der für die Aufgabe der anderen Stoffe vorgesehene Planetwalzenextrudermodul gegenüber den anderen Planetwalzenextrudermodulen ein Gehäuse mit einem radial vergrößerten Hohlraum aufweist, so dass eine größere Menge an anderen Stoffen in dem zugehörigen Planetwalzenextrudermodul aufgenommen werden kann. Vorteilhafterweise erhöht das bei leichten anderen Stoffen(Stoffen mit geringem Schüttgewicht) die Menge an anderen Stoffen, welche in die Schmelze eingearbeitet wird. Je nach Maß der Vergrößerung lässt sich bei leichten anderen Stoffen ohne Weiteres eine Verdoppelung der einarbeitbaren Menge erreichen. Es gibt leichte Stoffe, deren Partikel bereits ein geringes spezifisches Gewicht aufweisen. Von dem spezifischen Gewicht ist das Schüttgewicht von Partikeln zu unterscheiden. Mit geringer werdender Partikelgröße und mit zunehmender „Sperrigkeit“ der Partikel und in Abhängigkeit von der Oberflächenreibung wird das Schüttgewicht immer geringer und wird es immer schwieriger, diese Partikel in die Schmelze einzuarbeiten. Auch diese Partikel werden hier als leichte Partikel bezeichnet. Dies ist leicht bei Mahlgut erkennbar ab einer Korngröße von höchstens 0,5mm, vorzugsweise bei einer Korngröße von höchstens 0,1mm, noch weiter bevorzugt bei einer Korngröße von höchstens 0,05mm und höchst bevorzugt bei einer Korngröße von höchstens 0,01 mm erkennbar. Das Mahlgut hat dabei immer ein Kornspektrum. Das heißt, zu dem Mahlgut von 0,5 mm gehören auch Anteile mit kleinerem Kornspektrum. Alternativ kann auch das Gewicht der Einsatzstoffe zur Einstufung der anderen Stoffe als leichte Stoffe herangezogen werden. Dabei werden leichte Stoffe als Stoffe mit einem Schüttgewicht kleiner 0,6 kg pro Kubikdezimeter, insbesondere mit einem Schüttgewicht kleiner 0,4 kg pro Kubikdezimeter angesehen.

Beim Extrudieren von PVC wird der Kunststoff sehr feinkörnig bis staubförmig als Einsatzmaterial verwendet, vgl. DE69318165T2 .The materials used for the extrusion may be solid and / or liquid and / or gaseous. The solid materials can have very different grain sizes. Depending on the nature of the fillers, additives and additives may sometimes considerable difficulties in entering into the extruder and when mixing with the melt result.
The invention is based, at least to reduce these difficulties the task.
This is achieved with the features of the main claim. The subclaims describe preferred embodiments.
It should be emphasized

• - That provided for the task of other materials Planetwaltezene module compared to the other planetary roller extruder modules has a housing with a radially enlarged cavity, so that a larger amount of other substances can be included in the associated planetary roller extruder module. Advantageously, this increases in light other substances (low bulk density substances) the amount of other substances which is incorporated into the melt. Depending on the extent of the enlargement can easily be achieved in light other materials, a doubling of the usable amount. There are light substances whose particles already have a low specific gravity. From the specific gravity, the bulk density of particles is to be distinguished. With decreasing particle size and with increasing "bulkiness" of the particles and depending on the surface friction, the bulk density is getting smaller and smaller and it is increasingly difficult to incorporate these particles in the melt. These particles are also referred to herein as light particles. This is easily recognizable with millbase recognizable from a grain size of at most 0.5 mm, preferably with a grain size of at most 0.1 mm, even more preferably with a grain size of at most 0.05 mm and most preferably with a grain size of at most 0.01 mm recognizable. The regrind always has a grain spectrum. That is, the millbase of 0.5 mm also includes shares with a smaller grain spectrum. Alternatively, the weight of the starting materials can be used to classify the other substances as light substances. Here, light substances are regarded as substances with a bulk density of less than 0.6 kg per cubic decimeter, in particular with a bulk density of less than 0.4 kg per cubic decimeter.

When extruding PVC, the plastic is used very fine-grained to dust-like as feedstock, cf. DE69318165T2 ,

Improvement of material intake is not limited to light fabrics. An improvement is also recognizable for substances whose compatibility has so far been satisfied.
A radially enlarged module according to the invention can advantageously replace another module of the extruder without simultaneously changing the extruder length, which would result in extensive changes to other parts of the extruder.
The invention is not limited to the fact that the entry of other substances is improved on an existing system. The radially enlarged module can also be planned for a new plant.
An inventively enlarged module is also suitable for the introduction of particulate polymers and polymer blends when the polymers and polymer blends are added to an extruder module having the design of a planetary roller extruder. In this case, the particulate polymers or polymer blends freely into the opening intended for receiving these particles in the module fall or be pushed with a stuffing into the opening in the module. Suitable stuffing devices are all known stuffing devices, preferably twin-screw extruders.

• -dass bei einer radialen Vergrößerung des zur Aufnahme der anderen Stoffe dienenden Planetwalzenextrudermoduls die Zentralspindel beibehalten wird und die Planetspindeln und das Gehäuse mit der Gehäusebuchse radial vergrößert werden, wobei die Planetspindeln und die Gehäusebuchse unter Beibehaltung des Verzahnungsmoduls der Zentralspindel mit größeren Zähnezahlen versehen werden.
• - dass für den zur Aufnahme der anderen Stoffe vorgesehenen Planetwalzenextrudermodul dessen Planetspindeln für Zentralspindeln aus einer Baugröße von mindestens 120mm eine Zähnezahl von mindestens 8, vorzugsweise von mindestens 9, noch weiter bevorzugt von mindestens 10 und höchst bevorzugt von mindestens 11 aufweisen. Bei Zwischengrößen der Baugrößen werden vorzugsweise die Werte der größeren Baugröße gewählt.
• -dass für den zur Aufnahme der anderen Stoffe vorgesehenen Planetwalzenextrudermodul dessen Planetspindeln für Zentralspindeln aus einer Baugröße von höchstens 100mm eine Zähnezahl von mindestens 7, vorzugsweise von mindestens 8, noch weiter bevorzugt von mindestens 9 und höchst bevorzugt von mindesten 10 aufweisen. Bei Zwischengrößen der Baugrößen werden vorzugsweise die Werte der größeren Baugröße gewählt. Die größeren Baugrößen werden wegen der größeren Zähne und deren größerer Standzeit bevorzugt. Alternativ können die Werte der jeweils kleineren Baugröße für Zwischengrößen gewählt werden, wenn diese Wahl die Herstellung des Moduls erleichtert.
• -dass für den zur Aufnahme der anderen Stoffe vorgesehenen Planetwalzenextrudermodul dessen Planetspindeln für Zentralspindeln aus einer Baugröße von höchstens 70mm eine Zähnezahl von mindestens 6, vorzugsweise von mindestens 7, noch weiter bevorzugt von mindestens 8 und höchst bevorzugt von mindestens 9 aufweisen. Die größeren Baugrößen werden wegen der größeren Zähne und deren größerer Standzeit bevorzugt. Alternativ können die Werte der jeweils kleineren Baugröße für Zwischengrößen gewählt werden, wenn diese Wahl die Herstellung des Moduls erleichtert.
• -dass in dem zur Aufnahme der anderen Stoffe vorgesehenen Planetwalzenextrudermodul die Planetspindeln der größeren Baugröße unmittelbar mit der Zentralspindel der kleineren Baugröße kämmen oder mit einer innen und außen verzahnten Hülse kämmen, die auf der Zentralspindel aufgeschraubt ist.
• -dass für den zur Aufnahme der anderen Stoffe vorgesehene Planetwalzenextrudermodul
  • --bei radialer Vergrößerung die Zentralspindel beibehalten wird und
  • --ein Gehäuse und eine Buchse einer größeren Baugröße mit anderem Verzahnungsmodul verwendet werden und
  • --die Planetspindeln unter Beibehaltung des Verzahnungsmoduls der Buchse radial vergrößert werden und
  • --auf die Zentralspindel eine innen und außen verzahnte Hülse aufgeschraubt wird,
  • --wobei die Planetspindeln mit der Außenverzahnung der aufgeschraubten Hülse kämmen.
• - dass für den zur Aufnahme der anderen Stoffe vorgesehene Planetwalzenextrudermodul die Zentralspindel und/oder die Planetspindeln und/oder die Buchse aus folgender Baureihe ausgewählt sind:

BG SVM 30 1 50 1,5 70 2,5 100 3 120 3 150 3 180 3; 3,5 200 3; 3,5 250 3; 3,5 280 3,5 300 3,5 350 3,5 400 3,5 SBG SVM 150 5,5 200 5,5 280 5,5 300 5,5 400 5,5 500 5,5 wobei mit BG Baugrößen in Standardausführung bezeichnet sind und mit SBG Baugrößen in schwerer Ausführung bezeichnet sind und die Zahlenangaben für die gleich dem Teilkreisdurchmesser der Innenverzahnung der Buchse bzw. der Innenverzahnung des Gehäuses sind und SVM den Verzahnungsmodul bezeichnet.

• -dass der für die Aufnahme der anderen Stoffe radial vergrößerte Extrudermodul zu einem nachgeordneten Extrudermodul hin auslaufseitig mit einer sich verjüngenden Öffnung versehen ist.
• -dass die Auslauföffnung durch einen Ring gebildet wird.
• -dass eine der Planetspindeln als Putzer ausgebildet ist.
• -dass die als Putzer dienende Planetspindel aus zwei Teilen besteht, wobei der eine Teil mit einem zentrischen Zapfen in eine Bohrung des anderen Teiles greift und wobei sich in der Bohrung eine Feder befindet.
• -dass Adapter zwischen dem erfindungsgemäß radial vergrößerten Modul und einem vorgeordneten, im Durchmesser kleineren Modul und/oder einem nachgeordneten, im Durchmesser kleineren Modul verwendet wird.
• -dass ein einteiligen oder mehrteiligen Adapter verwendet wird.
• -dass ein ringförmigen Adapter verwendet wird.
• -dass ein zwischen den Befestigungsflanschen an Extruderabschnittsgehäusen angeordneten Adapter vorgesehen ist.
• -dass der Adapter zumindest das kleinere Gehäuse außen umfasst.
• -dass die Adapter und die Flansche zentrierend ineinander greifen, wobei das eine Teil vorzugsweise mit einer zylindrischen Erhebung und das korrespondierende andere Teil mit einer entsprechenden Vertiefung versehen sind.
• -dass ein temperierten Adapter vorgesehen ist.
• -dass der Adapter allein oder mit anderen Teilen zugleich einen Anlaufring und/oder einen Ring für Meßstellen und/oder eine Zentrierung bildet.
• -dass Transportspindeln als Planetspindeln vorgesehen sind.
• -dass die Transportspindeln vom austrittsseitigen Ende her über die Einlauföffnung in dem für die Aufgabe der anderen Stoffe vorgesehenen Planetwalzenextrudermodul hinausragen.
• -dass die Transportspindeln zum austrittsseitigen Ende hin weniger zahnreduziert sind als zum einlaufseitigen Ende hin.
• -dass die Transportspindeln mindestens eine Stufe aufweisen, wobei jede Stufe eine Änderung der Verzahnung beinhaltet.
• -dass zusätzliche kurze Spindeln zwischen den über die Einlauföffnung hinausragenden Spindeln vorgesehen sind. Diese Spindeln finden sich in dem Planetwalzenextrudermodul am austrittsseitigen Ende, weil alle Spindeln mit ihrem austrittsseitigen Ende an einem gemeinsamen Anlaufring gleiten, wenn sie um die Zentralspindel umlaufen.

The radially enlarged module can be installed at any point of the extruder instead of another module if an entry of particulate materials is desired at that location.

• in a radial enlargement of the planetary roller extruder module serving to receive the other substances, the central spindle is retained and the planetary spindles and the housing with the housing bushing are radially enlarged, the planetary spindles and the housing bushing being provided with larger numbers of teeth while maintaining the toothed module of the central spindle.
• - That for the intended for receiving the other substances Planetwaltezene module whose planetary spindles for central spindles of a size of at least 120mm a number of teeth of at least 8, preferably of at least 9, more preferably at least 10 and most preferably at least 11. For intermediate sizes of the sizes, the values of the larger size are preferably selected.
• that for the planetary gear extruder module provided for receiving the other substances whose planetary spindles for central spindles of a size of at most 100mm have a number of teeth of at least 7, preferably of at least 8, more preferably of at least 9 and most preferably of at least 10. For intermediate sizes of the sizes, the values of the larger size are preferably selected. The larger sizes are preferred because of the larger teeth and their longer service life. Alternatively, the values of the respective smaller size may be chosen for intermediate sizes, if this choice facilitates the manufacture of the module.
• that for the planetary gear extruder module provided for receiving the other substances whose planetary spindles for central spindles of a size of at most 70mm have a number of teeth of at least 6, preferably of at least 7, more preferably of at least 8 and most preferably of at least 9. The larger sizes are preferred because of the larger teeth and their longer service life. Alternatively, the values of the respective smaller size may be chosen for intermediate sizes, if this choice facilitates the manufacture of the module.
• In the planetary roller extruder module provided for receiving the other substances, the planetary spindles of the larger size mesh directly with the central spindle of the smaller size or mesh with an internally and externally toothed sleeve which is screwed onto the central spindle.
• -that for the scheduled for receiving the other substances planetary roller extruder module
  • --When radially enlarging the central spindle is maintained and
  • a housing and a socket of a larger size can be used with other toothing module and
  • - The planetary spindles are radially enlarged while maintaining the toothing module of the socket and
  • - on the central spindle an internally and externally toothed sleeve is screwed,
  • --While the planetary spindles mesh with the external teeth of the screwed sleeve.
• in that, for the planetary roller extruder module provided for receiving the other substances, the central spindle and / or the planetary spindles and / or the bushing are selected from the following series:

BG SVM 30 1 50 1.5 70 2.5 100 3 120 3 150 3 180 3; 3.5 200 3; 3.5 250 3; 3.5 280 3.5 300 3.5 350 3.5 400 3.5 SBG SVM 150 5.5 200 5.5 280 5.5 300 5.5 400 5.5 500 5.5 where BG sizes are referred to in standard design and SBG sizes are designated in heavy design and the numbers are equal to the pitch circle diameter of the internal teeth of the socket or the internal teeth of the housing and SVM denotes the tooth module.

• in that the extruder module, which is radially enlarged for receiving the other substances, is provided with a tapered opening at the outlet side to a downstream extruder module.
• -that the outlet opening is formed by a ring.
• -that one of the planetary spindles is designed as a cleaner.
• -that serving as Putzer planetary spindle consists of two parts, wherein the one part engages with a central pin in a bore of the other part and wherein there is a spring in the bore.
• in that the adapter is used between the radially enlarged module according to the invention and an upstream, smaller diameter module and / or a downstream, smaller diameter module.
• -that a one-piece or multi-part adapter is used.
• -that an annular adapter is used.
• -that a arranged between the mounting flanges on extruder section housings adapter is provided.
• in that the adapter comprises at least the smaller housing on the outside.
• -that the adapters and the flanges centering mesh, wherein one part is preferably provided with a cylindrical elevation and the corresponding other part with a corresponding recess.
• -that a tempered adapter is provided.
• -that the adapter alone or with other parts at the same time forms a stop ring and / or a ring for measuring points and / or a centering.
• -that transport spindles are provided as planetary spindles.
• -that the transport spindles protrude from the outlet end over the inlet opening in the space provided for the task of other materials planetary roller extruder module.
• in that the transport spindles are less tooth-reduced towards the exit-side end than towards the inlet-side end.
• in that the transport spindles have at least one step, each step including a change of the gearing.
• - that additional short spindles are provided between the spindles projecting beyond the inlet opening. These spindles can be found in the planetary roller extruder module at the exit end, because all spindles slide with their exit end to a common thrust ring when rotating around the central spindle.

The polymers or polymer blends may be thermoplastic. Such feeds are characterized by the fact that they solidify again by cooling. Excessive heating, however, leads to decomposition. Common thermoplastics (also called thermoplastics) are plastics such as
Polyethylene, their copolymers, their derivatives and blends
Polypropylene, their copolymers, their derivatives and blends
Polystyrenes, their copolymers, their derivatives and blends
Polyvinyl chlorides, their copolymers, their derivatives and blends

These and other thermoplastics are easy to extrude. Of the thermoplastics thermoelastic materials are to be distinguished. But also thermoelastic feedstocks can be brought with deformation / pressure and heat in a plastic state, which is also referred to as mastication / mastication. The risk of decomposition is much greater than with thermoplastics.
Common elastomers are, for example
Rubbers, their copolymers, their derivatives and blends

Thermoelastic materials can also be processed in the extruder.

Extruders are used for different reasons; usually to plasticize and mix feeds and to give the material a desired shape upon exiting the extruder. According to an older proposal, the polymers or polymer blends are added separately from the other materials in the extruder and melted. The task of the other substances in the extruder and the mixture take place after melting.

For shaping are suitable nozzles from which the material emerges in a desired strand shape, but also other forms that are filled again successively or after emptying and allow complicated workpiece shapes.

In the planetary roller extruder, the temperature of the material to be treated can be adjusted very well because the material to be treated is rolled over a large area and in a thin layer. As a result, the planetary roller extruder acts as a large-area heat exchanger.

Although it is known to enter the feed for extrusion immediately in the planetary roller extruder. In comparison to the other extruders, the feed behavior of planetary roller extruders is low. In practice, therefore, an extruder section / module is preferred for the entry of the feedstock, which is designed in the manner of a single-screw extruder. Nevertheless, the invention is directed to the planetary roller extruder modules for the introduction of the feedstock.

Planetary roller extruders consist of several parts, namely a revolving central spindle, a housing surrounding the central spindle at a distance with an internal toothing and planetary spindles, which rotate in the cavity between the central spindle and internally toothed housing like planets around the central spindle. As far as is spoken below of an internal toothing of the housing, so also includes a multi-part housing with a socket, which forms the internal toothing of the housing. In the planetary roller extruder, the planetary spindles mesh with both the central spindle and the internally toothed housing.

Various processes and corresponding planetary roller extruders for the treatment of plastics are described in particular in the following publications:
DE 19939075A1 . CA 698518 . DE19653790A . DE 19638094A1 . DE 19548136A1 . DE1954214A . DE3908415A . DE19939077A . EP1078968A1 . EP1067352A . EP854178A1 . JP3017176 . JP11080690 . JP9326731 . JP11-216754 . JP11-216764 . JP10-235713 . WO2007 / 0874465A2 . WO2004 / 101627A1 . WO2004 / 101626A1 . WO 2004 / 037941A2 . EP1056584 , PCT / EP99 // 00968, WO 94/11175 . US6780271B1 . US7476416 ,

The modern teeth of Planetwalzenextrudern is usually an involute. There are other types of gears as well. The involute toothing used usually has a 45 degree bevel of the teeth. There are also different tooth sizes. The tooth size is determined by the so-called tooth module. There are different tooth modules.

The rotating planetary spindles slide in the conveying direction of a sliding ring or thrust ring, so that their orbit is determined in the axial direction. For further details of conventional planetary roller extruders, reference is made, for example, to the following references:
DE 102009019846 . DE 102009013839 . DE102008063036 . DE 102008018686 . DE 102007058174 . DE102007050466 . DE 102007041486 . DE 102007040645 ,

The kneading action in the planetary roller extruder can be influenced by different numbers and / or different design of the planetary spindles.

The number of planetary spindles is preferably at least 5, preferably at least 6. The larger the diameter of the central spindle, the more planetary spindles are usually provided in a module / section. For example, 24 and more spindles can easily be used for larger sizes.

The planetary spindles can be designed, for example, as normal spindles, as hedgehog spindles or nubs spindles as well as transport spindles, as they are described in the DE 10 2004 048 440 or in the US 7476416 are described. The normal spindles has one from one end to the other end of the same toothing. In the circumferential direction while several teeth are arranged side by side on the pitch circle diameter of the toothing, namely as many teeth as whole teeth fit in compliance with the tooth gaps on the pitch circle diameter next to each other.

The hedgehog spindle builds on the standard spindle. At intervals in the hedgehog spindles annular circumferential recesses are incorporated into the teeth, so that in a lateral view of a spindle a meandering contour is visible.
The knob spindle also builds on a standard spindle. However, the spindle is provided after the normal toothing with an opposite toothing, which crosses the normal toothing. That is, in the teeth of the normal teeth are cut with the opposing teeth gaps of specific shape and sequence. The teeth remaining from the normal teeth show a knobbed shape. The gaps reduce the conveying effect of the planetary spindles, while the kneading effect increases. In addition, the kneading operation with the knobs differs from the kneading operation with the normal spindle and the heddle spindle.

The transport spindles and the associated prior art are described in DE 102006033089A1 . EP1844917A2 . DE2702390A . EP1833101A1 . DE10142890A1 . US4981711 . GB2175513A . US5947593 . DE2719095 ,

Each planetary roller extruder has a maximum planetary spindle stock. This is the maximum number of planetary spindles that can fit between the internal teeth of the surrounding housing and the central spindle, without the planetary spindles preventing each other from turning. The maximum planet spindle stock depends on the respective gear module. While the planetary roller extruder module is an extruder section, the spline module is a calculation / design feature that determines the shape of the teeth and gullets.

By choosing a lower planetary spindle stocking compared to the maximum planetary spindle stocking, in addition to the use of transport spindles, the energy input into the feedstock can be reduced in the extruder. Preferably, at least one reduction of the planetary spindle number is provided by one, optionally also by at least 2 or at least three compared to the maximum planetary spindle stocking.

The exact determination of the material-dependent respectively correct kneading effect and temperature in the extruder can be achieved by changing the cycle time and changing the temperature in a few experiments on the basis of the test results.

The planetary roller extruder is particularly suitable for the desired temperature control of the material to be treated, if the housing has a socket on the inside in a known manner, which is provided on the central spindle side with the internal teeth described and is provided on the outside with a same normal toothing or other teeth. The bush is preferably shrunk into the housing. This will be cooled the socket so that the diameter is reduced sufficiently to be pushed into the housing. When re-heating, the sleeve expands and the socket sits firmly in the housing. The housing can also be shrunk onto the socket. Then the housing is heated and expands the housing so that the socket can be pushed into the housing. After cooling, the housing encloses the socket firmly.
Both during a shrinking operation as well as during the other shrinking operation, the housing closes the gears of the external toothing on the socket. As a result, these passages can be used as channels for the passage of tempering.
The channels are preferably interconnected by an annular channel at the housing ends. The one annular channel is provided on the inlet side and connected to a supply line. The other channel is provided on the outlet side and connected to a drain line. Both lines are part of a temperature control. The tempering agent is preferably water, for higher temperatures oil.
The tempering agent is pumped through the channels.
Depending on the temperature causes a cooling or heating.

The extruders preferably consist of mutually aligned modules / sections. Each module has its own housing and planetary spindles and its own stop ring.
Preferably, a common central spindle is provided for all mutually aligned modules / sections.
The modules / sections have a total or partial length of 400 to 800mm. Smaller lengths of individual or all modules / sections can be adapted to different temperature requirements. In addition, the temperature control on a longer extruder module can also be subdivided into different sections which lie one behind the other in the axial direction.
But module lengths of more than 1000 mm, for example 1400 mm, can also be used.
The larger the diameter of the extruder, the larger the throughput usually becomes. With the increase in throughput, the residence time of the extrusion material / feed material in the extruder can extend and result in a larger extruder length.

The modular design opens up the possibility of changing the kneading effect on the planetary roller extruder by changing the toothing or by installing modules with different toothing.
As far as the same modules are already available, a change in the kneading effect and cycle time can be achieved by replacing the plenum screws or by reducing the number of planetary spindles afterwards. This involves a serious practical advantage when changing the input material.
Spindles with normal spindles and / or with hedgehog spindles and / or transport spindles can be combined in this sense. The Noppenspindeln represent the one extreme for the processing of the feedstock / extrusion material in the extruder, the effect of hedgehog spindles and normal spindles deviates from it. If it turns out that the cycle time is too long in the above sense, single or multiple stud spindles can be exchanged for hedgehog spindles or standard spindles. Optionally, transport spindles are also used to shorten the transit time, as used in the EP702739 are described. This means that single or multiple stud spindles are replaced by transport spindles.
The transport spindles also build on the normal spindles. In this case, one or more teeth are machined out of the spindle after the normal toothing of a spindle.

Favorable is usually also a different length of the planetary spindles, so that the fed into a planetary roller extruder module material is taken gently and not abruptly total of the teeth.

Usually, the torque is generated by a drive motor and transmitted via a transmission to the central spindle.

For further details and variations of known planetary roller extruders or sections / modules, reference is made to the following publications: DE 102005007952A1 . DE102004061068A1 . DE102004038875A1 . DE102004048794A1 . DE102004048773A1 . DE102004048440A1 . DE102004046228A1 . DE102004044086A1 . DE102004044085A1 . DE102004038774A1 . DE102004034039A1 . DE102004032694A1 . DE102004026799B4 . DE102004023085A1 . DE102004004230A1 . DE102004002159A1 . DE19962886A1 . DE19962883A1 . DE19962859A1 . DE19960494A1 . DE19958398A1 . DE19956803A1 . DE19956802A1 . DE19953796A1 . DE19953793A1 ,

• a)exzentrisch zur Mitte des Planetwalzenextrudermoduls zwischen die Planetspindeln aufgegeben und/oder
• b)mit einem Stopfwerk zwangsweise zwischen die Planetspindeln gedrückt.

According to an earlier proposal, a planetary roller extruder module intended for receiving feed material is combined with a special material feed. In this case, the extrusion material / feedstock

• a) abandoned eccentrically to the center of the planetary roller extruder module between the planetary spindles and / or
• b) forced with a stuffing machine between the planetary spindles.

For eccentric material feed, the extrusion material / feedstock is passed past the center of the planetary roller extruder / module. The distance of the particle flow center from the center of the module may be referred to as an offset. The offset occurs in the direction of rotation of the central spindle of the planetary roller extruder. In this case, the center axis of the material supply extends at a distance on the central axis of the filling part in planetary roller extruder design. Preferably, the distance / offset is greater than a quarter of the pitch circle diameter of the toothing in the extruder housing or the toothing in the internally toothed sleeve of the housing. Even more preferably, the distance / offset is greater than half the root diameter of the central spindle toothing. Most preferred is the distance (offset less than half the root circle of the toothing in the extruder housing or the toothing in the internally toothed sleeve of the housing.
It is advantageous if the diameter of the material supply is smaller than the diameter of the root circle of the internal toothing of the extruder housing or of the internal toothing of the bushing in the housing. Insofar as the material supply protrudes laterally beyond the space in the eccentricity according to the invention, in which the material is processed in the planetary roller extruder, a chamfer is provided in the transition from the material supply to the housing of the planetary roller extruder. Due to the taper, the material supply tapers at the transition from the material supply to the extruder housing.
Favorable conditions arise when the bevel in the cross section of the extruder housing is located approximately on a tangent to the pitch circle diameter of the inner toothing of the extruder housing or the internally toothed bushing of the housing. Roughly means that the slope deviates at most by a measure of the tangent, which is equal to the diameter of the planetary gear belonging to the planetary spindles, preferably at most equal to half the diameter of the associated planetary spindles and most preferably equal to a quarter of the diameter of the associated planetary spindles ,
The slope closes when vertical particle task in the
Planetary roller extruder / module with the horizontal through the planetary roller center axis preferably an angle of at least 30 degrees, even more preferably an angle of at least 45 degrees, and most preferably an angle of at least 60 degrees.

Similar results can be achieved if, instead of a straight bevel running on a curved track slope is provided.

For the above-described filling opening even a flattening of the teeth may be beneficial.
In the described planetary roller extruder sections / modules, which are used as filling parts, the collection effect of the transport spindles can be supplemented by a flattening of the housing internal teeth / internal teeth of the housing bushing. But the flattening has also regardless of the use of planetary spindles advantages that are at least partially designed as transport spindles.

The flattening takes place in the area which adjoins the inlet opening in the direction of rotation of the central spindle. With sufficient stability of the planetary spindles, the support of the planetary spindles, which partly falls away due to the flattening, has no effect on the planetary spindles. The planetary spindles are held at their ends sufficiently between the central spindle and the housing internal teeth / internal teeth of the housing sleeve, because the internal teeth there has full teeth. The resulting from the omitted support additional bending load of the planetary spindles is supported by conventional planetary spindles readily.

In principle, the flattening in the direction of rotation of the central spindle can be uniform. Preferably, however, it is provided that the flattening becomes smaller in the direction of rotation of the central spindle. This creates a funnel-shaped enlargement of the cavity between the internal toothing and the central spindle. This enlargement reduces the resistance of the feed as it is drawn into the extruder. The funnel shape deflects the feed material advantageously between the planetary roller parts of the filling part.
The flattening can take place into the tooth base. Preferably, a reduction of the tooth height by a maximum of 90%, more preferably by a maximum of 80%.
Despite flattening is still all feed, which enters the space of the previous tooth gaps, displaced by the teeth of the rotating planetary spindles. To prevent at the same time that a deposit on the flattening takes place, the flattened teeth can be provided with new, less inclined tooth flanks, so that new teeth arise there with a preferably rounded new tooth head, so that displaced from the previous tooth base feed everything wegschiebt the new tooth flanks adhering feedstock.
Such tooth changes can be made on the teeth, inter alia, with electrically operated EDM devices. For the internal teeth erosion is of particular advantage. Optionally, the flattening of normally toothed housings or housing bushes takes place with a special electrode. This is more economical for small quantities than the production of internal teeth and the flattening in a common erosion process. For larger quantities, a different economic situation may arise.
In the erosion process, an electrode is used for small quantities, which is adapted to the desired new flattening tooth shape, taking into account a gap necessary for the erosion process and is immersed with the housing in an erosion bath. In this case, the electrode is brought close to the flattened teeth and applied to the workpiece with electricity, so that sparks emerge from the housing and material is liquefied on the surface and entrained by the sparks.

With increasing deformation of the flattened teeth, the electrode is tracked, so that a desired, short distance is maintained.

The described spatial enlargement by flattening of the internal toothing is dependent on the extent to which the flattening extends in the direction of rotation of the central spindle and to what extent the flattening extends in the axial direction of the central spindle.

Preferably, the degree of flattening is at least 1/10, more preferably at least 1/5, and most preferably at least 1/2 of the circumference of the pitch circle of the housing internal teeth.

The extent of the flattening in the axial direction of the central spindle is referred to as width. The width is at most 30% greater or smaller than the opening width of the inlet opening, preferably at most 20% larger or smaller than the opening width of the inlet opening and even more preferably at most 10% larger or smaller than the opening width of the inlet opening. Most preferably, the width of the flattening is equal to the opening way of the inlet opening.

With conventional feedstock of sufficient weight, good results are obtained.
With the eccentric material supply, many particles can even be fed without pressure into the inlet opening of the extruder housing. That's especially economical.

Optionally, a stuffing mechanism is additionally provided which presses the particles intended for devulcanization between the planetary spindles of the planetary roller extruder / module.

The stuffing machine may be a conventional stuffing machine. Such conventional stuffing machines optionally have a vertical axis with paddles mounted thereon, which are positioned to provide a conveying action to the particles to be introduced. The Stopfwerk can also be designed in the manner of an extruder screw and have a screw with significantly greater conveying effect than conventional stuffing machines.

The conveying effect of a stuffing machine designed as a twin-screw extruder is even greater. At least with a twin-screw extruder, a trouble-free material input can be effected in many materials even without eccentric material input.

Stuffing augers / stuffing plants are also described in various publications in combination with extruders, also in combination with planetary roller extruders. For example, reference is made to DE10200705 0466 . DE102007041486 . DE20003297 . DE19930970 , DE102008058048 . DE102007059299 . DE102007049505 . DE102006054204 . DE102006033089 . DE102004026599 . DE19726415 . DE10334363 . DE20200601644 . DE20200401971 . DE10201000253 . DE102009060881 . DE102009060851 . DE 102009060813 ,
The stuffing screw / Stopfwerk is used when the intended for the extruder feed material not only exits due to its weight from the hopper of the filler and enters the inlet opening. This is For example, in the case of fibers that are to be mixed with plastic. The stuffing screw / Stopfwerk then forces the feed into the inlet opening of the extruder.
In the case of the plug screw, the resistance of all feed material against retraction is significantly reduced with the described training.

In the case of using a Stopfwerkes is favorable if the material input is arranged when using a Stopfwerkes so that the planetary spindles protrude against the conveying direction of the extruder over the entry opening.
It may be advantageous if the overhanging ends of the planetary spindles carry a normal toothing regardless of their other teeth.
The standard toothing gives the planetary spindles the greatest hold between the central spindle and the housing.

• Acrylnitril (ABAK), Acrylnitil/Budadien/Styrol (ABS), ABS mit Polycarbonat (ABS+PC), Acrylat-Kautgschuk (ACM), Ethylen-Acrylesstrer-Kautschuk (AEPCMS), Acrylnitril/Ethylen-Propylen-Dien/Styrol (AES), Nitroso-Kautschuk (AFMU), Acrylnitrilmetacrylat (AMAK), Acrylnitril/Methylmethacrylat (AMMA), Acrylnitril/Butadien/Acrylat(ANBA), Acrylnitril/Methacrylat) ANMA), Aromatische Polyester (APE), Acrylnitril/chloriertes Polyetrhylen/Sstryrol (APE-CS), Acylnitil/Styrol/Acrylester(ASA), TPE, Basis Aliphatisches Polyurethan(ATPU) Urethan-Kautschuk, Polyester (AU), Benzylcellulose (BC) Butadien-Kautschuk (BR), Cellulosesacetat (CA), Celluloseacetobutyrat (CAB), Celluloseacetopropionat (CAP), Kresol-Formaldehyd (CF), Hydratisierte Cellulose, Zellglas (CSH), Chlorierter PE-Kautschuk (CM), Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), Cellulosenitrat, Celluloid /CN), Epichlorhydrin-Kautschuk (CO), Cyclopolyolefinpolymere, Topas (COC), Cellulosepropionat (CPL), Chloropren-Kautschuk (CR), Casein-Kunststoffe (CS), Casein-Formaldehyd, Kunsthorn (CSF), Chlorsulfonierter PE(-Kautschuk) (CSM), Cellulosetriacetat (1CTA), Dicyclopentadien(DCP), Ethylen/Methacrylsäure (EAA), EthylenVinylacetat-Kautschuk (EAM), Ethylen/Butylacrylat (EBA), Ethylcellulose (EC), Ethylencopolymer-Bitumen-Blend(ECB), Epicchlorhydrin-Kautschuk(ECD), Ethylen/Chortrifluorethylen (ECTFE), Ethylen/Ethylacrylat (EEA), Polyethylen Ionomere (EIM), Ethylen/Methacrylsäure(EMAK), exo-Metehylenlaton (EML), Ethylidennorbornen (EN), Ethylen-Acrynitril-Kautschuk (ENM), Epoxidierter Naturkautschuk (ENR), Ethylen/Propylen (EP), EpoxidHarze, Polyadditions-Harze (EP), Ethylen/Propylen/(Dien)/-Kautschuke (EP(D)M, Epichlorhydrin-Kautschuk(ETER), Ethylen/Tetrafluorethylen (ETFE), Urethan-Kautschuk, Polyether (EU), Ethylen/Vinylacetat (EVA), Ethylen/Vinylalkohol, EVOH (EVAL), TPE, Basis Ethylen/Vinylacetat+Polyvinylidenchlorid (EVAPVDC), Ethylen/Vinylalkohol, EVAL(EVOH), Tatrafluorethylen/Hexafluorpropylen (FEP), Furan/Formaldehyd (FF), Perfluor-Kautschuk (FFKM), Fluor-Kautrschuk(FKM), Propylen/Tetrafluorethylen-Kautschuk (FPM) Phospazen-Kautschuk mit Fluoralkyl- oder Fluorozyalkyl-gruppen(FZ), Proplenoxid-Kautschuk (GPO), Halogenierter Butyl-Kautschuk (HIIR), Hydrierter NBR-Kautschuk HNBR), höhere alpha-Olefine (HOA), Pyrrone, Plycyclone, Leiterpolymere (HAT-P), Polycyclone, Leiterpolymere(HT-PP), Polytrriazine, Leiterpolymere (HAT-PT), Butryl-Kajutrschuk (CIIR, BIIR) (IIR), Isopren-Kautschuk (IR), Kohlenwasserstoffharz (KWH), Liquid Christal Polymere (LCP), Methylmethacrylat/Acrylnitril/Butadien/Styrol (MABS), Methacrylat/Butadien/Styrol (MBS), Methylcellulose (MC), Melamin/Formaldehyd (MF), Melamin/UFormaldehy+ungesättigter Polyester (MF+UP), Melamin/Phenol-Formaldehyd(MPF), Methyl/Phenyl/Silicon-Kautschuk(MPQ), Methylmethacrylat/exo-Methylenlacton (MMAEML), Melamin/Phenol-Formaldehyd(MPF), Methyl/Silicon-Kautschuk (MQ), alpha-Methylstyrol (MS), Melamin/Harnstoff/-Formaldehyd (MUF) Melamin/HarnstoffZPhenol/Formaldehyd(MVFQ), Polyacrylnitril (PAN), Polybuten-I (PB), Polybutylacrylat (PBA), Polybenzimidazol, Triazinpoloymer (PBI), Polybismaleinimid (PBMI), Polybutylennaphthalat (PBN), Polyoxadiabenzimidazol (PPO), Polybutylenterephthalat (PBT), Polycarbonat (PC) mit ABS oder AES, ASA, oder PBT oder PE-HD oder PEET oder PMMA oder PS oder PPE oder SB oder HI oder SMA oder TPU oder BPA, oder TMBPA oder TMC, Poly-3,3-bis-chlormethylpropylenoxid (PCPO), Polycyclohexandimethylterephthalat (PCT), Polychlortrifluoretrhylen (PCTFE), Polydiallylphthalat(PDAP), Polydicyclopentadien (PDCPD), Polyethylen (PE), Polyesteramid (PEA), Polyestercarbonat (PEC), Polyetherketon (PEK), Polyethylennaphthalat (PEN), Polyenthylenoxid (PEOX), Polyethersulfone (PES), Polyesterimid (PESI), Polyethlenterephathalat (PET) mit Elastomer oder mitr MBS oder PBT oder PMMA oder Pmma oder PSU, Phenol/Formaldehyd (PF), Phenol/Formaldehyd +Epoxid (PF+EP), PTFE/Perfluoralcylvinylether, Perfluoralkoxy (PFA), Phenol/Formaldehyd/Melamin (PFMF), Polyperfluortrimethyltriazin-Kautschuk PFMT), PTFE-Copolymerisat (PFTEAF), Polyhydroxylalkalin (PHA), Polyhydroxybenzoat (PHBA), Polyimidimid (PI), Polyisobutylen (PIB), Polyimidsulfon (PISO), Aliphatisches Polyketon (PK), Polylactid (PLA), Polymethylacrylat (PMA), Polymethhacrylimid (PMI), Polymethylmethacrylat (PMMA), Polyacrylesterimid (PMMI), Poly-4-methylpenten-1 (PMP), Poly-Alpha-methylstyrol (PMS), Fluor/Phosphazen-Kautschuk (PNF), Polynorbornen-Kautschuk (PNR), Polyolefine, Polyolefin-Derivate und Polyolefin-Copolymerisate (PO), Poly-p-hydroxy-benzoat (POB), Polyoxymethylen (Polyacetalharz, Polyformaldehyd) (POM), POM mit PUR-Elastomer oder Homopolymerisat oder Copolymerisat, Polyphthalat (PP), PP-Carbonat, PP mit Block-Copolymere oder chloriert oder mit Homopolymerisat oder mit Metallocen hergestellt, Polyamid (PPA), Polyphenylenether (PPE), PPE mit PA oder mit PBT oder mit PS, Polydphenyloxidpyrronellithimid U(PPI), Polyparamethylstyrol (PPMS), Polyphenylenoxid (PPO), Polypropylenoxid (PPOX), Poly-p-Phenylen (PPP), Polyphenylensulfid (PPS), Polyphenulensulfon (PPSU), Poly-m-Phenylen/Terephthalamid (PPTA), Polyphenylvinyl (PPV), Polypyrrol (PPY), Polystryrol (PS), PS mitr PC oder PE oder PPE, Polysaccharide (PSAC), Polysulfone (PSU), Polytetrafluorethylen (PTFE), Polytetrahydrofuran (PTHF), Polybutrylenterephthalat (PTMT), Polyester (PTP), Polytrimethyleterephthalat (PTT), Polyurethan (PUR), Polyvinylacetat (PVAC), Polyvinylalkohol (PVAL), Polyvinylbutyral (PVB), Polyvinylisobutylether (PVBE), Polyvinylchlorid (PVC). Polyvinylidenchlorid (PVDC), Polyvinylidenfluorid (PVDF), Polyvinylfluorid (PVF), Polyvinylformal (PVFM), Polyvinylcarbazol (PVK), Polyvinylmethylether (PVME), Polyvinylcyclohexan (PVZH), Phosphazen/Kautschuk mit Phenoygruppen (PZ), Resorrcin/Formaldehyd (RF), Stryrol/Acrylnitril (SAN), Stryrol/Butadien(SB), Styrol/Butadien/Methylmethacrylat (SBMMA), Styrol/Butadien-Kautschuk (SBR), Styrol/Butadien/Styrol (SBS), Styrol-Ethenbuten/Stryrol (SEBS), Styrol/Ethylen/Propylen/Dien-Kautschuk (SEPDM), Silicon (SI), Styrol/Isopren/Maleinsäureanhydrid (SIMA), Isopren/Styrol-Kautschuk (SIR), Styrol/Isopren/Styrol (SIS), Styrol/Maleinsäureanhydrid(SAM), Styrol/Maleinsäureanhydrid/Butadien(SMAB), Styrol/Methylmethacrylat (SMMA), Stryrol-alpha-Methylstyrol (SMS, Polyester (SP), Thiocarbonyldifluorid-Copolymer-Kautschuk (TCF), TPE mit EPDM+PP oder PBBS+PP, TPE mit PEBBS+PPE oder PEBS+PP oder mit PESST oder PESTRUR oder mit PESTEST oder mit PESTUR oder mit PEUR oder mit SBS+PP, Thermoplastische Elastomere (TPE), Thermoplastische Stärke (TPS), Harnstoff/Formaldehyd (UF), Vinylchlorid (VC), Vinylchlorid/Ethylen(VCE), Vinylchlorid/Maleinsäureanhydrid(VCMA), Vinylester (VE),

The planetary roller extruder can be used to process, for example:

• Acrylonitrile (ABAK), Acrylnitil / Budadien / Styrol (ABS), ABS with Polycarbonate (ABS + PC), Acrylate-Kautgschuk (ACM), Ethylene Acrylic Strer Rubber (AEPCMS), Acrylonitrile / Ethylene-Propylene-Diene / Styrene (AES ), Nitroso rubber (AFMU), acrylonitrile methacrylate (AMAK), acrylonitrile / methyl methacrylate (AMMA), acrylonitrile / butadiene / acrylate (ANBA), acrylonitrile / methacrylate ANMA), aromatic polyesters (APE), acrylonitrile / chlorinated polyethylene / sstryrene ( APE-CS), acyl nitrile / styrene / acrylic ester (ASA), TPE, based aliphatic polyurethane (ATPU) urethane rubber, polyester (AU), benzyl cellulose (BC) butadiene rubber (BR), cellulose acetate (CA), cellulose acetobutyrate (CAB ), Cellulose acetopropionate (CAP), cresol-formaldehyde (CF), hydrated cellulose, cellophane (CSH), chlorinated PE rubber (CM), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), cellulose nitrate, celluloid / CN), epichlorohydrin rubber (CO), cyclopolyolefin polymers , Topaz (COC), cellulose propionate (CPL), chloroprene rubber (CR), casein plastics (CS), casei n-formaldehyde, synthetic horn (CSF), chlorosulfonated PE (rubber) (CSM), cellulose triacetate (1CTA), dicyclopentadiene (DCP), ethylene / methacrylic acid (EAA), ethylene vinyl acetate rubber (EAM), ethylene / butyl acrylate (EBA), Ethylcellulose (EC), ethylene copolymer bitumen blend (ECB), epicchlorohydrin rubber (ECD), ethylene / chortrifluoroethylene (ECTFE), ethylene / ethyl acrylate (EEA), polyethylene ionomers (EIM), ethylene / methacrylic acid (EMAK), exo- Ethylene Norbornene (EN), Ethylene Acrynitrile Rubber (ENM), Epoxidized Natural Rubber (ENR), Ethylene / Propylene (EP), Epoxy Resins, Polyaddition Resins (EP), Ethylene / Propylene / (Diene) / Rubbers (EP (D) M, epichlorohydrin rubber (ETER), ethylene / tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE), urethane rubber, polyether (EU), ethylene / vinyl acetate (EVA), ethylene / vinyl alcohol, EVOH (EVAL), TPE, base Ethylene / vinyl acetate + polyvinylidene chloride (EVAPVDC), ethylene / vinyl alcohol, EVAL (EVOH), Tatrafluoroethylene / hexafluoropropylene (FEP), furan / formaldehyde (FF), perfluoro-chew Schuk (FFKM), fluorine rubber (FKM), propylene / tetrafluoroethylene rubber (FPM) Phosphazene rubber with fluoroalkyl or fluoroalkyl groups (FZ), propylene oxide rubber (GPO), halogenated butyl rubber (HIIR), hydrogenated NBR rubber HNBR), higher alpha olefins (HOA), pyrrons, plycyclones, ladder polymers (HAT-P), polycyclones, ladder polymers (HT-PP), polytrriazines, ladder polymers (HAT-PT), butryl-Kajutrschuk (CIIR, BIIR ) (IIR), isoprene rubber (IR), hydrocarbon resin (KWH), liquid Christal polymers (LCP), methyl methacrylate / acrylonitrile / butadiene / styrene (MABS), methacrylate / butadiene / styrene (MBS), methyl cellulose (MC), melamine / Formaldehyde (MF), melamine / U-formaldehyde + unsaturated polyester (MF + UP), melamine / phenol-formaldehyde (MPF), methyl / phenyl / silicone rubber (MPQ), methyl methacrylate / exo-methylene lactone (MMAEML), melamine / phenol Formaldehyde (MPF), methyl / silicone rubber (MQ), alpha-methylstyrene (MS), melamine / urea / formaldehyde (MUF) melamine / urea / phenol / formaldehyde (MVFQ), Polyacrylonitrile (PAN), polybutene-I (PB), polybutyl acrylate (PBA), polybenzimidazole, triazine polymer (PBI), polybismaleimide (PBMI), polybutylene naphthalate (PBN), polyoxadabenzimidazole (PPO), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polycarbonate (PC) with ABS or AES, ASA, or PBT or PE-HD or PEET or PMMA or PS or PPE or SB or HI or SMA or TPU or BPA, or TMBPA or TMC, poly-3,3-bis-chloromethylpropylene-oxide (PCPO), polycyclohexanedimethyl terephthalate ( PCT), polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE), polydiallyl phthalate (PDAP), polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD), polyethylene (PE), polyesteramide (PEA), polyestercarbonate (PEC), polyetherketone (PEK), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polythylene oxide (PEOX), polyethersulfones (PCT) PES), polyester imide (PESI), polyethlene terephathalate (PET) with elastomer or with MBS or PBT or PMMA or Pmma or PSU, phenol / formaldehyde (PF), phenol / formaldehyde + epoxide (PF + EP), PTFE / perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether, perfluoroalkoxy ( PFA), phenol / formaldehyde / melamine (PFMF), polyp hydrofluoromethyltriazine rubber PFMT), PTFE copolymer (PFTEAF), polyhydroxyalkaline (PHA), polyhydroxybenzoate (PHBA), polyimide imide (PI), polyisobutylene (PIB), polyimide sulfone (PISO), aliphatic polyketone (PK), polylactide (PLA), polymethylacrylate (PMA), polymethacrylimide (PMI), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polyacrylic ester imide (PMMI), poly-4-methylpentene-1 (PMP), poly-alpha-methylstyrene (PMS), fluoro / phosphazene rubber (PNF), polynorbornene Rubber (PNR), polyolefins, polyolefin derivatives and polyolefin copolymers (PO), poly- p-hydroxy-benzoate (POB), polyoxymethylene (polyacetal resin, polyformaldehyde) (POM), POM with PUR elastomer or homopolymer or copolymer, polyphthalate (PP), PP-carbonate, PP with block copolymers or chlorinated or with homopolymer or with Metallocene, polyamide (PPA), polyphenylene ether (PPE), PPE with PA or with PBT or with PS, polydphenyloxide-pyrrole lithimide U (PPI), polyparamethylstyrene (PPMS), polyphenylene oxide (PPO), polypropylene oxide (PPOX), poly-p-phenylene (PPO) PPP), polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polyphenylene sulfone (PPSU), poly-m-phenylene / terephthalamide (PPTA), polyphenylvinyl (PPV), polypyrrole (PPY), polystyrene (PS), PS with PC or PE or PPE, polysaccharides (PSAC ), Polysulfones (PSU), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polytetrahydrofuran (PTHF), polybutylene terephthalate (PTMT), polyester (PTP), polytrimethylterephthalate (PTT), polyurethane (PUR), polyvinylacetate (PVAC), polyvinylalcohol (PVAL), polyvinylbutyral (PVB ), Polyvinyl isobutyl ether (PVBE), polyvinyl chloride (PV C). Polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyvinyl fluoride (PVF), polyvinylformal (PVFM), polyvinylcarbazole (PVK), polyvinylmethylether (PVME), polyvinylcyclohexane (PVZH), phosphazene / rubber with phenolic groups (PZ), resorcinol / formaldehyde (RF) , Styrene / acrylonitrile (SAN), styrene / butadiene (SB), styrene / butadiene / methyl methacrylate (SBMMA), styrene / butadiene rubber (SBR), styrene / butadiene / styrene (SBS), styrene-ethenebutene / styrene (SEBS) , Styrene / ethylene / propylene / diene rubber (SEPDM), silicone (SI), styrene / isoprene / maleic anhydride (SIMA), isoprene / styrene rubber (SIR), styrene / isoprene / styrene (SIS), styrene / maleic anhydride ( SAM), styrene / maleic anhydride / butadiene (SMAB), styrene / methyl methacrylate (SMMA), styrene-alpha-methylstyrene (SMS, polyester (SP), thiocarbonyl difluoride copolymer rubber (TCF), TPE with EPDM + PP or PBBS + PP , TPE with PEBBS + PPE or PEBS + PP or with PESST or PESTRUR or with PESTEST or with PESTUR or with PEUR or with SBS + PP, Thermoplastic Elas Terephthalate (TPE), Thermoplastic Starch (TPS), Urea / Formaldehyde (UF), Vinyl Chloride (VC), Vinyl Chloride / Ethylene (VCE), Vinyl Chloride / Maleic Anhydride (VCMA), Vinyl Ester (VE),

The above substances can also occur in mixtures / blends with each other and with other substances. Or there are derivatives of the above substances alone or in mixtures / blends with other substances.

• CA698518, DE69937111 , DE69808332 , DE19939078 , DE19939077 , DE19939076 , DE19939075 , DE19939074 , DE19939073 , 19824071, DE19806609 , DE19730854 , DE19638094 , DE19819349 , DE19749443 , DE19653790 , DE19548136 , DE19534239 , DE10334363 , DE10137620 , DE20130049 , DE10059875 , DE10050295 , DE10036707 , DE10036706 , DE10036705 , DE4308098 , DE4111217 , DE3908415 , DE2719095 , DE235613 , DE2303366 , DE1954214 , EP1080865 , EP1078968 , EP1067352 , EP0854178 , US6780271 , US6179458 , US5536462 , US4268176 , US4176967 , WO2007/874465 , WO2004/101627 , WO2004/101626 , WO220/037941 , WO94/11175 .

The following publications describe the production of adhesives by extrusion:

• CA698518, DE69937111 . DE69808332 . DE19939078 . DE19939077 . DE19939076 . DE19939075 . DE19939074 . DE19939073 , 19824071, DE19806609 . DE19730854 . DE19638094 . DE19819349 . DE19749443 . DE19653790 . DE19548136 . DE19534239 . DE10334363 . DE10137620 . DE20130049 . DE10059875 . DE10050295 . DE10036707 . DE10036706 . DE10036705 . DE4308098 . DE4111217 . DE3908415 . DE2719095 . DE235613 . DE2303366 . DE1954214 . EP1080865 . EP1078968 . EP1067352 . EP0854178 . US6780271 . US6179458 . US5536462 . US4268176 . US4176967 . WO2007 / 874465 . WO2004 / 101627 . WO2004 / 101626 . WO220 / 037941 . WO94 / 11175 ,

Also the DE19856235 shows an extruder with planetary roller extruder sections. In this document is in column 2 , Below, described how raw materials for powder coating production through a funnel in granular form with appropriate additions by means of a funnel are placed directly through the housing shell in a planetary roller extruder part. Further details are missing.

• a)Planetspindeln außerhalb des Bereiches der Einlauföffnung mit einer anderen Verzahnung versehen sind und/oder
• b)Transportspindeln im Bereich der Einlauföffnung mit Planetspindeln anderer Verzahnung kombiniert ist.

The PCT / EP2013 / 000132 describes a planetary roller extruder module into which the feedstock is filled. The planetary spindles are at least partially formed in the region of the inlet opening as transport spindles. The so-called transport spindles occur when at least one tooth is removed on at least one normally toothed planetary spindle. Optionally, more teeth will be added. But not all teeth are removed. Preferably, at least each 3 remain evenly on the circumference of the planetary spindles. It can also be removed every fourth or every third or every second tooth. It can also be removed all teeth except for one tooth.
If more than one tooth remains, the teeth are preferably evenly distributed around the circumference of the spindles.
This results in a reduced tooth stocking as opposed to non-reduced tooth stocking. The removal of the teeth is preferably carried out to the tooth base. It is also conceivable that a further material preparation, as well as a partial removal of the teeth. Alternatively, the transport spindles are made from the beginning to form in the shape that results when single or multiple teeth are removed on standard spindles.
Due to the entire or partial removal of certain teeth, a planetary spindle with more conveying effect is produced while the remaining teeth remain unchanged.
It has been shown that the transport spindles unlike other planetary spindle that from a hopper in the
Planetary roller extruder section / module better absorb running material. The number of remaining teeth of the transport spindles is optionally at most 4, preferably 3, more preferably 2 and most preferably 1. The "full or partial" formation of the planetary spindles as transport spindles means that

• a) planetary spindles are provided outside the region of the inlet opening with a different toothing and / or
• b) transport spindles in the area of the inlet opening is combined with planetary spindles of other teeth.

Other gearing means, for example: normal gearing or hedgehog gearing or nubble spindles. The hedgehog teeth and / or the knob toothing are provided on the in the conveying direction of the planetary roller extruder section / module.

In case of partial use of transport spindles for the planet spindle stocking, the planetary spindles with transport spindle toothing are preferably evenly distributed in the planet spindle stocking.
In a Planetspindelbesatz, which is provided with a total of transport spindles, the number of teeth on the transport spindles is preferably selected so that at least within 10 revolutions of the planetary spindles around the central spindle a Planetspindelzahn in each tooth gap of the central spindle toothing and in each tooth gap of the internal toothing of the surrounding housing a tooth attacks. Preferably, this meshing occurs within at least 7 revolutions of the planetary spindles about the central spindle, more preferably within at least 4 revolutions of the planetary spindles about the central spindle, and most preferably within 1 revolution of the planetary spindles about the central spindle. The tooth engagement causes a cleaning of the toothing.
The tooth engagement can be controlled / designed, for example, by lubricating a molten colored material at room temperature with sufficient adhesion to planetary spindles, central spindle and internal toothing of the housing in its tooth spaces. Then it can be clarified, after how many revolutions of the planetary spindles around the central spindle a desired tooth engagement is done. This happens, for example, after one revolution or 4 revolutions or 7 revolutions or 10 revolutions of the planetary spindles around the central spindle by opening the filling part.

In the process, the rotation of the planetary spindles about the central spindle is in a fixed relationship to the rotation of the central spindle. For the above control / design, the center spindle of the filling part can be easily turned by hand when the filling part is detached from the other extruder sections / modules. In this case, the movement of the central spindle can be simulated with a sample of the central spindle. If the desired tooth engagement is not achieved within the desired rotational speed of the planetary spindles about the central spindle, the planetary spindles can be replaced with other planetary spindles or additional planetary spindles can be used. The other planetary spindles can have more teeth as transport spindles and / or have differently arranged teeth. Optionally, even the replacement of a transport spindle against a normal toothed planetary spindle, to ensure that takes place with each revolution of the planet, an engagement in each tooth space on the central spindle and the internally toothed housing.

In the planetary roller extruder it comes forcibly by the respective tooth engagement to a cleaning. This can be called self-cleaning.

Modern planetary roller extruders have a temperature control.
Preferably, the temperature already starts at the inlet opening for the feedstock.
In this case, the temperature control on planetary roller extruders, which are provided for the entry of the feedstock, consist of several Temperierungsabschnitten. In this case, a first short Temperierungsabschnitt be beneficial, which has the goal of accelerated heating of the registered feedstock. The short tempering section can be less than or equal to 0.5 D, where D is the pitch circle diameter of the internal toothing of the housing of the planetary roller extruder module. The longer the planetary roller extruder modules, the greater the advantage of different Temperierungsabschnitte.

In the case of a planetary roller extruder module length of more than 2D (for example 3D or 4D), a partial temperature control is preferably provided in which the first temperature control section in the conveying direction has a significantly shorter length than a section following in the extrusion direction. Each Temperierungsabschnitt is provided with a guide for the tempering. The guide for the temperature control is carried out as in other known planetary roller extruder sections / modules. There are cooling / heating channels before mounting the inner toothing bearing bushing in the housing the housing inner surface and / or on the socket outer surface cooling / heating channels incorporated. The channels extend on the inner surface of the housing and / or on the outer surface of the seated in the housing socket such as threads. At one end of the threads enters the tempering and at the other end again. The channels are closed by the socket during their installation. Holes in the housing jacket lead to the cooling / heating channels. To the holes supply lines / leads for the tempering are connected.
The tempering agent is mostly water, at higher temperatures also oil. The temperature control comes from an outside of the plant standing heating / cooling unit in which it is brought to the desired temperature and fed to the associated Temperierungsabschnitt. In the Temperierungsabschnitt the Temperierungsmittel gives off heat as needed or absorbs the Temperierungsmittel as needed to heat. The exiting tempering is then fed to the outside of the system heating / cooling unit again for re-loading with heat or for cooling.

The same planetary roller extruder modules also have considerable advantages for elastomers and the like.

• Acrylnitril-Butadien-Kautschuk (NBR)
• Acrylnitril/Butadien/Acrylat (A/B/A)
• Acrylnitril/chloriertes Polethylen/Styrol (A/PE-C/S)
• Acrylnitril/Methylmethacrylat (A/MMA)
• Butadien-Kautschuk (BR)
• Butylkautschuk (HR) (IIR
• Chloropren-Kautschuk (CR)
• Ethylen-Ehylacrylat-Copolymer (E/EA)
• Ethylen-Propylen-Copolymer (EPM)
• Ethylen-Propylen-Dien-Kautschuk (EPDM)
• Ethylenvinylacetat (EVA)
• Fluorkautschuk (FPM oder FKM)
• Isopren-Kautschuk (IR)
• Naturkautschuk (NR)
• Polybutadienkautschuk BR
• Polyethylenharze
• Polyisobutylen (PIB)
• Polspropylenharze
• Polyvinylbutyral (PVB)
• Silicon-Kautschuk (Q oder SIR)
• Styrol-Isopren-Styrol-Blockcopolymer (SIS)
• Styrol-Butadien-Kautschuk (SBR)
• Styrol-Butadien-Styrol (SBS)
• Thermoplastisches Polyurethan (TPU oder TPE-U)
• Vinylchlorid/Ethylen (VC/E)
• Vinylchlorid/Ethylen/Methacrylat (VC/E/MA)

The elastomers have a significant importance in the economy / technology. Wherever plastic is supposed to undergo a particularly pronounced deformation and should nevertheless return to its original shape after being relieved of strain, rubber-elastic plastics (rubber) are being considered via elastomers (elastics) and the like. Plastics consist of large molecule chains. The high elasticity of the elastomers is given by a phenomenon in the behavior of the molecular chains. In a tensile load of the original molecular chains lying in the ball, the molecular chains arrange differently, preferably in parallel, and stretch the molecular chains.
However, the prerequisite for the desired deformation is that the molecular chains do not slide against each other. This is achieved by networking the molecular chains. The degree of crosslinking influences the deformation. Low crosslinking creates a soft plastic. Strong networking creates a hard plastic.
There are different cross-linking agents. Depending on the plastic, a selection of crosslinking agents takes place. Sulfur is one of the commonly used crosslinking agents. Sulfur occurs with appropriate heating of the plastic as a crosslinking agent in action. Other crosslinking agents do not depend on heat effect or the effect of the crosslinking agent may also depend on other circumstances.
The elastomers include, for example

• Acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR)
• Acrylonitrile / butadiene / acrylate (A / B / A)
• Acrylonitrile / chlorinated polyethylene / styrene (A / PE-C / S)
• Acrylonitrile / methyl methacrylate (A / MMA)
• Butadiene rubber (BR)
• Butyl rubber (HR) (IIR
• Chloroprene rubber (CR)
• Ethylene-ethyl acrylate copolymer (E / EA)
• Ethylene-propylene copolymer (EPM)
• Ethylene-propylene-diene rubber (EPDM)
• Ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA)
• Fluororubber (FPM or FKM)
• Isoprene rubber (IR)
• Natural rubber (NR)
• Polybutadiene rubber BR
• polyethylene resins
• Polyisobutylene (PIB)
• Polspropylenharze
• Polyvinyl butyral (PVB)
• Silicone rubber (Q or SIR)
• Styrene-isoprene-styrene block copolymer (SIS)
• Styrene butadiene rubber (SBR)
• Styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS)
• Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU or TPE-U)
• Vinyl chloride / ethylene (VC / E)
• Vinyl chloride / ethylene / methacrylate (VC / E / MA)

For elastomers, the risk of sticking and caking is particularly high when cross-linking agents are drawn in along with other material over the filler, which respond to heating. Such elastomers are for example from DE60124269 . DE 3738335 known. Then, any sticking and caking leads to unforeseen heating to the unexpected onset of crosslinking and poorer material properties. With the planetary roller extruder module according to the invention, the difficulties to be feared by sticking and caking in the filling part can be reduced, and in some cases also avoided.

In the case of polyurethanes, it is important to combine two reaction components in the correct ratio. It is known to bring the reaction components together with the aid of an extruder. This is described for example in DD 141975 . DE 1964834 . US 3233025 . DE 2059570 . DE 2447368 , Slight irregularities in the material guide already affect the mixture. Even that can be reduced with the described filling part in the catchment area, partly also avoided.

The processing of adhesives in the extruder is described, for example, in US Pat EP 1167017 ,
By using the planetary roller extruder module according to the invention, the adhesive processing in the extruder can be substantially facilitated.

The processing of chewing gum in the extruder is known. The heat-sensitive masterbatch contains lecithin, plasticizers, syrups, sugars, oils, fragrances and elastomers. Among them are strongly adhesive and caking-prone ingredients.
Corresponding information can be found in the DE 69829695 . US 5135760 . US 5045325 . US 4555366 , This production is much easier with the planetary roller extruder module according to the invention.

Optionally, one or more planetary spindles may be provided in the planetary roller extruder module according to the invention with a different toothing, so that the planetary spindles have a tooth change over their length, that is, change from one gearing to another gearing.
The toothing of the planetary spindles is usually milled. With modern milling tools the tooth change is possible. In this case, procedurally, a slow change from one gearing to another can be advantageous. A slow transition from a gearing described above to a normal gearing arises in the application of a milling cutter, for example, in that the milling cutter used for the subsequent tooth removal is slowly moved out of the material of the planetary spindle.

For each change of the gearing, the statements regarding the subsequent removal of teeth and the previous definition of the tooth contour apply accordingly.

Optionally, a planetary roller extruder module according to the invention can also be used in combination with further processing of the extrusion material in a single-screw extruder or a twin-screw extruder.
In combination with a single-screw extruder, the central screw continues in the feeder following extruder section as a single screw.
In combination with a twin-screw extruder, the central spindle in the feeder continues as one of the two screws of the twin-screw extruder.

When processing plastics, different fillers are used. The dispersion of the fillers in the plasticized plastics is generally better the finer the fillers are.

• Silikate (Ton, Lehm, Talk, Glimmer, Kaolin, Neuburger Kieselerde), Karbonate/Sulfate (Kreide, Dolomit, Baryt), Oxide/Hydroxide(Quarzmehle, kristalline Kieselsäure, Aluminium-/Magnesiumhydroxide, Magnesium-, Zink- oder Kalziumoxide).

Synthetische Füllstoffe können zum Beispiel sein:

• Silikate, Oxide und Hydroxide (Kieselsäure, Kreide, Aluminium- und Magnesiumhydroxid, pyrogenes Siliciumdioxid, Ruß, Metalloxide).

There are natural and synthetic fillers. Natural fillers may be, for example:

• Silicates (clay, loam, talc, mica, kaolin, Neuburg Siliceous Earth), carbonates / sulphates (chalk, dolomite, barite), oxides / hydroxides (quartz flours, crystalline silicic acid, aluminum / magnesium hydroxides, magnesium, zinc or calcium oxides).

Synthetic fillers may be, for example:

• Silicates, oxides and hydroxides (silica, chalk, aluminum and magnesium hydroxide, fumed silica, carbon black, metal oxides).

The fillers are mostly used in finely ground applications. But it can also give a fine-grained consistency by synthetic production of fillers.
Other fine-grained substances are processed in the extruder. These include, for example, color pigments. Color pigments are usually mixed with other substances.

Even fine-grained substances are processed in the extruder alone. This applies, for example, to fine-grained recyclate from a grinding process.

Optionally, the planetary roller extruder module according to the invention is used in multiple design or in combination with other conventional filling devices.
On the way material can be fed in different places. This also materials can be processed, which may not be brought together in mixture or have to be brought into succession and possibly in temporal distance in mixture. In addition, materials that are difficult to process, for example solids with a tendency to stick and cake, or solids that are prone to segregation, can be added to the mixture as late as possible.
In the inventive way solids can be brought into mixture with each other.

Aggregates and fillers during extrusion may also be fine-grained, powdery and dusty.
Such additives may, for example, be crosslinking agents which are introduced into the extruder during the production of polyacrylate adhesives, cf. DE102006011113A1 ,
Such additives may also be solid, pulverulent or dust-like cell formers in the production of plastic foam.
Such additives may also be powdered or powdered colored pigments. These color pigments may consist of, for example, titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, carbon black, yellow oxide, brown oxide, tin oxide, calcined or unburned senna or umbrella, chrome oxide green, ultramarine green, cadmium.
In addition, fillers are often fed into the extruder in powder or dust form. This applies, for example, to chalk / talc, cf. DE102017001093A1 ,
For all substances that are ground into the extruder prior to addition, powdery and dusty fractions occur.
The smaller the particle size of the substances to be fed into the extruder, the lower the flowability and the more difficult the task becomes in the extruder.
In addition, the mixtures with different fractions tend to segregation. Therefore, it is customary to separate accumulating regrind into usable and unusable fractions.

With the filling parts according to the invention a drop in the extruder performance can be at least reduced because the filling parts according to the invention can accommodate more light substances or more dusty substances due to their larger void volume.

The radial magnification is suitable both for the new building as well as for the conversion of an existing extrusion plant into consideration. The radial magnification is easy to recognize when converting an existing extruder / extrusion line. While the housings of all planetary roller extruder sections / modules usually all have the same outside diameter, an inventive modification of the planetary roller extruder section / module provided as a filling part results in a larger housing diameter.
When new construction with an inventively enlarged planetary roller extruder module / section, the difference in size to usual other extruder sections is also obvious.
Where no conventional other conventional housing sizes provide the comparative scale, the radial magnification according to the invention can be seen in particular on the size ratios of the planetary spindles in the application of conventional tooth modules. The tooth modules determine the dimensions of a toothing Teeth. This also applies to the here preferred involute helical gearing with 45Grad slope of the oblique course to the longitudinal axis of the toothed spindles.

Advantageously, the radial enlargement of the cavity of the filling part according to the invention during a conversion makes it possible to retain on the central spindle, which until then was provided in the extruder, which extends through all the extruder sections / modules. In the combination of planetary roll extruder sections / modules with a single screw extruder type filler, the center spindle continues as a screw in the filler. With the "continuation of the central spindle" is in the present case mitumfasst that the central spindle can be composed of sections, wherein the filling part is associated with a corresponding screw section.

• 1; 1,25; 1,5; 2; 2,5; 3; 3,5; 4; 5; 5,5; 6; 7; 8; 9; 10; 11; 12

Advantageously, when using a radially enlarged extruder section / module to the previous list of the extruder and upstream and downstream facilities are kept unchanged.
As a result, a subsequent enlargement of the cavity in the space provided for the entry of feed material planetary extruder module with relatively little construction effort is possible. Larger planetary spindles with more teeth than with the previous planetary spindles are used in this case, but the tooth module of the larger planetary spindles remains the same. The toothing module (also called tooth module) results in mm from the quotient of pitch circle diameter and number of teeth. The toothing module could be chosen freely. However, in order to come to standardized gear tools, the gear modules are standardized according to DIN 780. The spline modules found here can be found in the following section of DIN 780 with additional intermediate sizes:

• 1; 1.25; 1.5; 2; 2.5; 3; 3.5; 4; 5; 5.5; 6; 7; 8th; 9; 10; 11; 12

The surrounding the planetary spindles housing is also larger in the adaptation of its internal teeth or the adaptation of the internal teeth of its sleeve to the rotating planetary spindles, but the tooth module can remain the same.
As stated above, the dimensions of the teeth are determined by the pitch diameter and the tooth module. The pitch circle diameter of the internal toothing results from the pitch diameter of the central spindle outer toothing and the double pitch circle diameter of the planetary spindles and the desired clearance in the toothing and optionally from a correction factor.

The enlargement of the planetary spindles is dependent on a given toothing module that an integer number of teeth on the planetary spindle circumference as well as in the internal toothing of the housing or the housing socket is formed.

Preferably, to increase the planetary spindles in addition to the toothing module and the number of teeth is specified. Below are different sizes with normal design (hereinafter called BG) or heavy version (hereinafter called SBG) with standard gear modules (hereinafter called SVM) for involute helical teeth and standard numbers of teeth (hereinafter called SZZ) on the planetary spindles and the minimum number of teeth in inventive Magnification (hereinafter referred to as MVG), the preferred minimum number of teeth (hereinafter referred to as BMVG), the further preferred minimum number of teeth (hereinafter called WBMVG) and the most preferred minimum number of teeth (hereafter HBMVG) reproduced on planetary spindles at magnification according to the invention for the size in question while maintaining the standard tooth module. BG SVM SZZ MVG BMVG WMVG HMVG 30 1 5 6 7 8th 50 1.5 5 6 7 8th 70 2.5 5 7 8th 9 10 100 3 6 7 8th 10 11 120 3 7 8th 9 10 11 150 3 7 8th 9 10 11 180 3; 3.5 7 8th 10 12 14 200 3; 3.5 7 8th 10 12 14 250 3; 3.5 7 8th 10 12 14 280 3.5 7 8th 10 12 15 300 3.5 7 8th 10 13 16 350 3.5 7 8th 10 13 16 400 3.5 7 8th 10 13 17 450 7 8th 10 14 18 500 7 8th 10 14 18 650 7 8th 10 15 20 800 7 8th 10 15 20 1000 7 8th 10 15 20 1200 7 8th 10 16 22 SBG SVM SZZ MVG BMVG WMVG HMVG 150 5.5 7 8th 10 200 5.5 7 8th 10 280 5.5 7 8th 10 300 5.5 7 8th 10 400 5.5 7 8th 10 500 5.5 7 8th 10

If intermediate sizes between the usual sizes are desired, preferably the module sizes and numbers of teeth of the nearest sizes apply.

The overview of planetary spindles with standard numbers of teeth shows that the increase in the number of teeth to 8 for all occurring sizes in the range according to the invention. Only with smaller sizes of 70mm and 100 mm is already an increase of the planetary spindle teeth number to 7 in the range of the invention. For even smaller sizes of 30 and 50 mm even an increase of the planetary spindle tooth number to 6 is within the scope of the invention.

For example, instead of the usual toothing modules of 5.5 or more, toothing modules of 3 or 3.5 can also be used in extruder sections / modules according to the invention.

Of particular advantage is the overlap of sizes 180 to 400 in the toothing module 3.5 and the overlap of the sizes in heavy design of 150 to 500 in the toothing module 5.5.
That is, it is possible to combine in a radial enlargement according to the invention while maintaining a central spindle of a certain size with this central spindle planetary spindles and the housing / socket from a larger, existing size. This eliminates at least the engineering. That alone is a big advantage. Since the existing sizes are also tested, this results in an important advantage with the use of existing parts of larger sizes.

Advantageously, the central spindle can be combined with housings / sockets and planetary spindles for producing a planetary roller extruder module according to the invention, if the central spindle has a different tooth module than the housing / bushing and the planetary spindles. This is possible with an internally and externally toothed sleeve, which can be screwed onto the central spindle and can mesh with the planetary spindles on the outside.

Advantageously, the large cavity of the planetary roller extruder module according to the invention fills better and faster with light extrusion material / feedstock. This also applies to normal extruded material, which can also be registered with the measures described above. That is, the invention is also advantageous for other extrusion material / feed as a lightweight extrusion material.

The invention is also advantageous if the auxiliary measures described above, such as stuffing machines etc., are not available for introducing the extrusion material / feedstock. In extremely difficult Extrusion material / feed may also be useful in combination of the invention with the above-described remedial measures.

Even if the planetary roller extruder module according to the invention is poorly filled with difficult extrusion material / feedstock, the fill quantity is still greater than the fill quantity in a conventional planetary roller extruder module into which the extrusion material / feedstock is introduced due to the larger volume of the planetary roller extruder module of the present invention.

Preferably, transport spindles are used in the planetary roller extruder module according to the invention.
The transport spindles also belong to the category of tooth-reduced planetary spindles. With a reduction of the tooth reduction fewer teeth are machined out of the teeth of standard spindle or so tooth-reduced planetary spindles without the intermediate step of producing normal spindles produced.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the elaboration of teeth is different, for example, more inlet side than outlet side. The transition from a less tooth-reduced area to a more tooth-reduced area is referred to as stage, the planetary spindles as stepped spindles. The planetary spindles are arranged on the outlet side with the more tooth-reduced region on the inlet side and with the less tooth-reduced region, so that the planetary spindles on the outlet side have a higher conveying effect and, as a result, a higher accumulation effect.

For the calculation of the pitch circle diameter of the tooth-reduced planetary spindles, the pitch circle diameter in the case of full toothing can be assumed - regardless of a subsequent tooth reduction or other planetary spindle production which leads to the same result.

The tooth reduction over the length of the planetary spindles in the planetary roller extruder module designed as a filling part is preferably different. On the inlet side, the tooth reduction can be strongest. Even more preferably, the tooth reduction on the planetary spindles on the outlet side is the lowest, possibly there is no tooth reduction provided. The lower outlet-side tooth reduction or the normal toothing at the outlet end increases the conveying action of the planetary spindles.
The same result arises when the transport spindles extending through the filling part are combined on the outlet side with shorter plenum spindles. The shorter planetary spindles are then evenly distributed between the long transport spindles and constrict on the outlet side the cavity of the filling part according to the invention.
Even more preferably, the long transport spindles are combined on the outlet side with shorter normal spindles or planetary spindles with normal gearing. Preferably, the shorter normal spindles are arranged evenly distributed between the transport spindles.

The conveying action of the planetary spindles leads to the desired material pressure at the outlet end. Due to this pressure, the extrusion material / feed is transferred to downstream planetary roller extruder modules / sections.

The outlet side / outlet side is the end of the extruder where the processed extruded material exits the extruder.
The inlet side / inlet side is the exit end opposite end where the extrusion material / feedstock enters / exits the extruder.

Even with the shorter additional planetary spindles creates a gradation in the Planetspindelbesatz. The planetary spindles present in the planetary roller extruder module are referred to as planetary spindle stocking.
The planetary spindles can also be stepped several times. This can be achieved, for example, with different lengths of the additional shorter planetary spindles and / or by partial or different tooth reduction of the additional planetary spindles.
The additional planetary spindles range according to the invention at most up to the filling opening in the extruder shell / housing of the filling. Preferably, the shorter planetary spindles only have a length which is smaller than half the length of the transport spindles, which extend beyond the feed opening of the planetary roller extruder module.
Even more preferably, the length of the planetary spindles used in addition to increasing the conveying effect is less than 1/3 of the length of the other planetary spindles.
The length of the planetary spindles used in addition to increasing the conveying effect is highly preferred as a function of the degree of filling of the planetary roller extruder module according to the invention Cavity chosen, in such a way that the additional planetary spindles are completely covered during the circulation in the housing and the central spindle of the feedstock.

• -unter Neufertigung des Gehäuses und/oder der Buchse
• -unter Verwendung eines vorhandenen Gehäuses bzw. einer vorhandenen innen verzahnten Buchse ein.

Advantageously, the invention also includes a radial enlargement of the planetary roller extruder module

• -under reconditioning the housing and / or the socket
• Using an existing housing or an internally toothed socket.

• -wenn auf die an sich zu kleine Zentralspindel eine innen und außen verzahnte Hülse mit der Innenverzahnung aufschraubbar ist und
• -wenn die Hülse mit ihrer Außenverzahnung mit der Außenverzahnung der Planetspindeln korrespondiert/kämmen kann.

Für die Bauweise „mit aufgeschraubter Hülse“ ist unschädlich, ob und in inwieweit der Zahnmodul auf der Zentralspindel von dem Zahnmodul der Innenverzahnung abweicht. Die auf die Zentralspindel auszuschraubende Hülse wird nach der Auswahl von Gehäuse, Buchse und Planetspindeln mit einer Dicke gefertigt, welche dem verbleibenden Spalt zwischen weiterverwendeter Zentralspindel und den Planetspindeln angepasst ist.Existing housings and sockets may come from spare parts inventory or have larger sizes from an existing series.
Alternatively, planetary spindles are used, which are larger in diameter compared to the planetary spindles, which belong to the size of the selected housing and socket.
In this case, even the central spindle which is too small in terms of the toothing module can be used further,

• -wenn on the in itself small central spindle an internally and externally toothed sleeve with the internal teeth can be screwed and
• -wenn the sleeve with its external teeth can correspond / mesh with the external teeth of the planetary spindles.

For the construction "with screwed-on sleeve" it is harmless whether and to what extent the tooth module on the central spindle deviates from the tooth module of the internal toothing. The auszuschraubende to the central spindle sleeve is made after selecting housing, bushing and planetary spindles with a thickness which is adapted to the remaining gap between re-used central spindle and the planetary spindles.

Advantageously, with the larger planetary spindles according to the invention, a better unwinding of the planetary spindles results in the toothing of the central spindle and in the internal toothing of the housing. This simplifies the construction. In addition, reduces the speed of the planetary spindles and their rotational speed to the central spindle.
The lower RPM and lower RPM are more favorable for light extrusion material / feed than high RPM and high RPM, because light extruder material / feed is much more fluidized by faster rotating and faster rotating planetary spindles than slower rotating and slower rotating planetary spindles. If you wanted to achieve this in other ways by reducing the speed of the central spindle, you would immediately reduce the extrusion performance.
In addition, the low speed causes a lower shear of the material For many plastics, this is a great advantage.

For the lower speed and lower Umlaufgeschwindigkeite the planetary spindles a lower drive energy is required. Thus, less energy is entered into the feedstock.
The low circulation speed also reduces wear. In addition, the wear on the larger planetary spindles spreads to more teeth.
Both extend the service life of the planetary spindles.
, The larger diameter planetary spindles become more stable.
This even out the wear on the planetary spindles, because the planetary spindles less twist under uneven load. This also reduces the risk of breakage during a load that already causes overloading in conventionally used planetary spindles.

The increased wear resistance of the planetary spindles is important regardless of the filling process for all extruders, is processed in the feedstock with high wear effect. This is the case, for example, in the processing of waste rubber in the planetary roller extruder for the purpose of devulcanization.

As far as in a radial enlargement according to the invention, the outer diameter of the surrounding housing is smaller than the diameter reduced by the head diameter of the screws diameter (diameter on which the screw centers / bore centers lie) are the holes in the mounting flanges of the adjacent extruder sections / modules free. Then it is advantageous to provide holes in the mounting flanges of the larger housing, which can be brought into coincidence with the holes in the mounting flanges of the adjacent housing. Through each other aligned bores conventional screws can be performed. The tension of the screws leads to a tension of the mounting flanges.

If even larger planetary spindles and housing according to the invention occur, it may be advantageous to provide an adapter for connecting the mounting flanges of the larger housing with the mounting flanges of the adjacent extruder sections / modules. The adapter preferably has a ring shape and is inserted between the flanges.
At the same time the adapter has matching pads for the respective flanges. That is, when the respective flange has a projection in its connection surface, the annular adapter has a matching depression on its connection surface. If the respective flange has a recess at its connection surface, the annular adapter has a matching projection on its connection surface.
Preferably, the protrusions are cylindrical and the recesses are of mirror-image form. It's easy to make. The projections and recesses cause an advantageous centering of the extruder sections / modules.

• -mit einem zusätzlichen Zentrierring oder
• -mit einem für Druck- und/oder Temperaturfühler bestimmten Ring und/oder
• -mit einer anderen Ringkonstruktion darstellen, zum Beispiel mit einem für die Materialführung geformten Ring, der an der Auslaufseite des erfindungsgemäßen Planetwalzenextrudermoduls an die Materialeintrittsöffnung des nachfolgenden Extrudermoduls anschließt und sich im Übergang zu Eintrittsöffnung/Einlaßöffnung des nachfolgenden Planetwalzenextrudermoduls kleinerer Größe verjüngt, so dass Toträume vermieden werden, in denen sich Material unkontrolliert aufhalten kann.

Preferably, the protrusions are cylindrical and the recesses require the cylindrical protrusions with less clearance than required for a centering ring.
As far as the adapter provided between the flanges for reasons of strength or other reasons due to their thickness in retrofitting an extrusion line with a section / module according to the invention can not be readily installed in the existing gap between the flanges, the gap can be in the case of a new production of Increase the housing and the planetary spindles to a desired level.
If, however, a gap width problem opens up, because an existing larger housing of a common larger size is to be used, an annular adapter can also initially be screwed to one of the associated mounting flanges, preferably to the smaller mounting flange on the side, which corresponds to the enlarged planetary roller extruder section according to the invention. Module facing away. Still further preferably, the adapter consists of various elbows which are bolted to the original mounting holes in the flanges. A desired centering can thereby

• with an additional centering ring or
• with a ring intended for pressure and / or temperature sensors and / or
• represent with another ring construction, for example, with a molded material for the ring ring which connects at the outlet side of the planetary roller extruder module according to the invention to the material inlet opening of the subsequent extruder module and tapers in the transition to inlet / inlet port of the following planetary roller extruder module of smaller size, so that dead spaces avoided where material can be left uncontrolled.

That is, the adapter can fulfill different tasks alone or with other parts, in particular as a centering ring, stop ring, storage ring, ring for measuring points.

It is also advantageous if the pitch circle diameter of the planetary spindles according to the invention is chosen so that at least the same starting material as for another, larger, but still common planetary roller extruder size can be selected for the socket and the surrounding housing. By using the same starting material, stockpiling can be considerably simplified.

Regardless of the question of the use of housings and sockets of a different size, the housing resulting from the enlargement and the associated socket are preferably also tubular (only with larger dimensions) formed as the housing of the adjacent planetary roller extruder sections / modules.
The tubular housing preferably also has outwardly disposed flanges for connection to housings of adjacent extruder sections / modules.
The belonging to the larger housing larger socket is equally provided with the internal teeth and the outside incorporated cooling channels.
The larger housing / bushing design can also have similar recesses for a thrust ring and any ring structure beyond that, as in the PCT / EP2017 / 001372 described, possess, however, with other dimensions.

As stated above, an adapter, preferably an annular adapter, can be provided for connecting a flange seated on the outside of a larger housing according to the invention to the mounting flange of an adjacent, smaller extruder module. The adapter is either at the before Screwed flange of the larger housing to be subsequently bolted to the smaller housing flange of the adjacent extruder section / module.
Or, the adapter is previously bolted to the smaller housing flange of the adjacent extruder module to be subsequently bolted to the flange of the larger extruder module.

• -ein Widerlager für den Anlaufring, an dem die Planetspindeln eines in Strömungsrichtung vorgeordneten Planetwalzenextrudermoduls gleiten,
• -oder sogar ganz oder teilweise den Anlaufring für den in Strömungsrichtung vorgeordneten Planetwalzenextrudermodul
• -oder ein Widerlager für einen Stauring
• -oder ganz oder teilweise den Stauring
• -oder ein Widerlager für einen Dispergierring
• -oder ganz oder teilweise einen Dispergierring
• -oder ganz oder teilweise eine Ringkonstruktion mit obigen und auch mit weiter gehenden Aufgaben

Optionally, the outlet side adapter forms at the same time

• an abutment for the stop ring on which the planetary spindles of a planetary roller extruder module upstream in the direction of flow slide,
• or even completely or partially the thrust ring for upstream in the flow direction planetary roller extruder module
• or an abutment for a jam ring
• or completely or partially the jail ring
• or an abutment for a dispersing ring
• or all or part of a dispersing ring
• -or in whole or in part a ring construction with above and also with further tasks

• -allein oder zusammen mit dem Gehäuse des benachbarten Extrudermoduls einen Sitz und/oder Widerlager für eine dortige andere Ringkonstruktion bilden
• -allein oder zusammen mit mit anderen Teilen die dortige andere Ringkonstruktion bilden

In addition, the inlet side adapter can optionally at the same time

• alone or together with the housing of the adjacent extruder module form a seat and / or abutment for a local other ring construction
• -all or together with other parts that form there other ring construction

• -kann es insbesondere bei gleichzeitiger Anwendung eines Stopfwerkes von Vorteil sein, die Planetspindeln über die Einfüllöffnung im Gehäuse hinaus zu verlängern und an dem Ende mit einer Normalverzahnung zu versehen, damit die Planetspindeln dort im Gehäuse und an der Zentralspindel eine größere Abstützung erfahren
• -kann es von Vorteil sein, eine der umlaufenden Planetspindeln in dem erfindungsgemäßen Planetwalzenextrudermodul als Putzer auszubilden. Dazu ist diese Planetspindel dann aus mindestens zwei Planetspindelabschnitten zusammengesetzt, wobei der eine Planetspindelabschnitt an der Stoßstelle mit dem anderen Planetspindelabschnitt mit einem Zapfen in eine Bohrung des anderen Planetspindelabschnittes greift und im Tiefsten der Bohrung eine Tellerfeder vorgesehen ist. Die Tellerfeder ist so ausgelegt, dass sie den einlaufseitigen Planetspindelabschnitt mit der gegenüber liegenden Stirnwand in eine gleitende Berührung bringt. Dabei schiebt diese Planetspindel die Abzugsöffnungen in der Stirnwand bei jedem Umlauf frei. Die Tellerfedern geben der an beiden Enden im Gehäuse gleitenden Planetspindeln die Möglichkeit, sich einer Dehnung und eine Kontraktion der Konstruktion anzupassen.

In an enlargement of the filling part according to the invention

• - It may be particularly advantageous when using a Stopfwerkes advantageous to extend the planetary spindles beyond the filling opening in the housing and to provide at the end with a normal toothing, so that the planetary spindles experienced there in the housing and on the central spindle a greater support
• - It may be advantageous to form one of the rotating planetary spindles in the planetary roller extruder module according to the invention as a cleaner. For this purpose, this planetary spindle is then composed of at least two planetary spindle sections, wherein the one planetary spindle section engages at the joint with the other planetary spindle section with a pin in a bore of the other planetary spindle section and in the depth of the bore a plate spring is provided. The plate spring is designed so that it brings the inlet-side planetary spindle section with the opposite end wall in a sliding contact. This planetary spindle pushes the exhaust openings in the front wall at each circulation free. The Belleville springs give the planetary spindles sliding at both ends in the housing the ability to adapt to expansion and contraction of the structure.

A further task of the adapter may be the formation of a cooling surface / heating surface. Preferably, an at least two-part adapter is provided for this purpose, from the parts of which a channel for a temperature control (cooling / heating) is enclosed. The composition of several parts results in manufacturing advantages and cleaning advantages.

The channel is also provided with a connection for a conduit for discharging the resulting gas.

For the temperature of the adapter, the same applies as for the temperature of the housing.

When the temperature of the outlet-side adapter, a substantial part of the adapter volume for the course of the cooling channel can be planned. Preference is given to multi-course channels application. For example, such channels may be circular and of different diameter such that the one circular duct for the gas vent and the adjacent (inside or outside circular duct) may be used for cooling.
Instead of two channels, more circular channels can be arranged concentrically.
Instead of the circular arrangement, a spiral course of both adjacent channels may also be considered; likewise a meandering course of both adjacent channels, wherein the meandering takes place not in the usual form on a straight line, but on an annular surface, so that the two adjacent channels change their direction of
radially - in the circumferential direction - in radial - in the circumferential direction, etc., until the channels come in the circumferential direction back to the beginning.

The adapter may advantageously also have holes for measuring the melt temperature and / or the melt pressure. The holes are used to screw in probes. The measurement errors can be measured indirectly via an intermediate membrane. Preferably, an immediate measurement is provided, in which the sensors protrude directly into the medium to be measured.

Due to the lower load on the extruder sections / modules with radial enlargement according to the invention, the material thicknesses at the bush can be reduced by at least 25% compared to the specified limits in the deepest between the radially extending webs in the sizes of 70 to 280mm, in the sizes up 180mm can even be reduced by at least 40%. However, stay with the jacks
due to the webs extending in the radial direction and in the circumferential direction of the toothing and due to the radially extending in the circumferential direction webs between the channels provided for the temperature control
still sufficient strength.

In the drawing, various embodiments of the invention are shown.

1 shows a known extruder with the following components / sections: drive 1 , Move-in 2 , Planetary roller extruder sections 3.1 . 3.2 and 3.3 . 4 and discharge nozzle 6 ,
In the feeder 2 emits a dosage 8th , From the container 8th leads a dosing line into the feeder 2 , The feeder is a single-screw

The dosage 8th is filled in a manner not shown with a granule. The granulate is a compound consisting of 40Gew% polyethylene and 60Gew% chalk, aggregates and additives. The% by weight refers to the entire feedstock. The chalk is a finely ground filler. The weight percentages are adjusted differently as needed. This is done by appropriate compound order.

The granules get out of the dosage 8th in the feeder 2 and is conveyed from there in the extrusion direction. The extrusion direction has in the drawing from left to right.
The collection 2 is designed in modular design. This module has the construction of a planetary roller extruder.
In the feeder 2 takes place a first heating of the granules. The heating is done by the deformation work in the feeder 2 and by supplying heat by means of a heating-cooling circuit 15 , The heating-cooling circuit 15 interacts with the housing shell of the module. The heat is transferred to the filled regrind via the housing jacket.

The extrusion material passes in the embodiment with preheating in the next extruder section / module 3.1 , To the extruder section / module 3.1 close extruder sections / modules 3.2 and 3.3 ; 4. The modules 3.1 to 4 also have the design of planetary roller extruders. The modules 2 . 3.1 . 3.2 and 3.3 . 4 have matched housing and not shown flanges, where they are connected to each other. The connection is a screw connection.

In the planetary roller extruder sections / modules 3.1 . 3.2 and 3.3 . 4 the extruded material is often kneaded between the rotating planetary spindles, the central spindle and the internally toothed extruder housing, so that ever new surfaces form, which can be used in case of necessary heating as well as in the case of necessary cooling for heat transfer. In case of necessary cooling, the forming surfaces are used to dissipate excess heat.

The heating creates melt.
The exact temperature of the modules 3.1 . 3.2 and 3.3 such as 4 takes place with heating and cooling circuits 16 . 17 . 19 . 20 , In the exemplary embodiment, the melt is heated to 220 degrees Celsius and held.

In addition, an addition of liquid Additeve is provided in the embodiment for the processing of the melt. The liquid is added via an injection ring 21 , The injection ring 21 is between the modules 3.1 and 3.2 intended. The injection ring 21 is connected via a line with a pump and a reservoir.

To 1 forms the injection ring 21 at the same time the starting ring for the rotating planetary spindles of the module 3.1 ,
Further, on the injection ring 21 Provided openings in which sit pressure gauges and temperature gauges. These devices are integrated in the control of the heating and cooling circuits.
Also on the modules 3.2 and 3.3 are contact rings 22 and 23 provided with which pressure measurements and temperature measurements as on the module 3.1 let pass.

The PE melt is discharged from the extrusion plant at a temperature of 220 degrees Celsius. This is the module 4 on the outlet side with a nozzle 24 intended. With the nozzle 24 are made in unillustrated form sewage pipes with a diameter of 50mm.

1 also shows a schematic application of the invention.
It is instead of the filling part 2 a dashed line shown filling part 2.1 provided, that opposite the filling part 2 having a radially enlarged cavity. If the central spindle remains the same, the enlargement of the cavity manifests itself in an increase in the diameter of the planetary roller extruder module which forms the filling part.
With the enlargement of the filling part cavity, the spectrum which can be processed in the filling part widens. In particular, finer millbase can be drawn into the extruder, which otherwise has to be screened off and disposed of.

3 schematically shows conventional planetary spindles 321 for planetary roller extruder
These planetary spindles 321 form multi-flight screws, which extend with constant inclination over the entire spindle length.
The flights are shown in the drawing by oblique to the spindle axis extending lines.
The worm threads run in the right side view from the right, clockwise. The screws have a toothing on the outside. The corresponding mirror-image toothing is found on the central spindle of the planetary roller extruder section and the inner toothed surrounding housing, so that the planetary spindles 321 can mesh with both the Gehäusungszahnnung and with the central spindle.

4 shows known planetary spindles 322. which, on the one hand, follows the same screw flights as the screws / spindles 3 have. On the other hand, the spindles have at the same time left-handed grooves which intersect the right-handed worm threads. The left-hand grooves are marked with dashes in the 4 represented, which the 3 cross the known flights at right angles. This is shown with crossing lines. By the crossing grooves, the webs between the flights, which form the teeth of the teeth in cross-section, interrupted. The remaining between two interruptions teeth form a spiny / knob-like tooth. The many side by side resulting spikes / nubs lead to the name Noppenverzahnung. The interruptions are referred to as tooth gaps.

2 shows more planetary spindles 23 with a part 25 , which of the gearing after 3 is modeled, and with a part 24 , which of the gearing after 4 is modeled.

6 and 8th show for using planetary spindle 60 for use in a planetary roller extruder according to the invention.
The planetary spindle 60 consists of two parts 61 and 62 , The part 61 corresponds to a conventional planetary spindle with full tooth stock. In the exemplary embodiment is a planetary spindle with a pitch circle diameter of 34mm, with an outer diameter of 42mm and a diameter of 26mm at the tooth root of the Zahnbesatzes. In the embodiment, the part 61 a length of 200mm. The total length of the planetary spindle 60 is 1000mm.
This results in the part 62 a length of 800 mm. The part 62 defines the area of special training of the planetary spindle, part 61 defines the remaining area. In the part 61 has the spindle 7 teeth 64 , which are similar to threads, but with very large pitch on the planetary spindle outside. This is in the 8th shown.

In the part 62 are 3 teeth 64 been milled off. This is before a surface hardening of the teeth 64 he follows. The distribution of the remaining teeth is in 7 shown. There are still two teeth 64 side by side. To the other teeth results in a tooth gap.

The planetary spindles after the 6 and 8th are referred to as transport spindles, because they have a greater transport effect in contrast to the Noppenspindel.
However, it also shows that the deformation work done by the transport spindles is surprisingly low. Accordingly low is the energy input into the extrusion material. This facilitates compliance with the temperature required for the extrusion material temperature.

In the known embodiment according to 1 it is an extruder with 70 mm housing diameter (based on the pitch diameter of the housing internal teeth / internal teeth of the housing socket). The maximum number of planetary spindles for stocking the modules 3.2 . 3.2 . 3.3 and 4 is 7 , There are each 6 Planet spindles of the type after the 6 and 8th intended for the processing of regrind in each module. In other embodiments, different planetary spindles are provided in the various modules. The differences may concern the number of "missing" teeth. The differences may also arise from the combination with spindles of other designs. The differences may also arise from the combination of different teeth on individual or all planetary spindles. At least one partially designed as a transport spindle planetary spindle is provided in the extrusion line.

9 shows a planetary spindle with a normal toothing 80 at one end, then an area 81 with a knob toothing and an area 82 with a reduced toothing as described above.

10 shows a planetary spindle with a normal toothing 85 at one end, then an area 86 with a knob toothing, then an area 87 with a reduced toothing and again a normal toothing at the other end of the spindle.

The length of the modules is 400mm in the embodiments. In the exemplary embodiment, the planetary spindles have a shorter length, in some cases a different length.

To 11 and 12 is a planetary roller extruder module for the task of extrusion material / feed material shown in an extruder. The module can replace the filling part 2 in the extruder 1 to step. In other embodiments, the module is elsewhere in the extruder, for example as a second or third module. It is also possible to use two or more modules, one module replacing the filling part 2 occurs and a second module is provided elsewhere in the extruder. With the different modules, different proportions of the feed mixture are fed separately into the extruder. For example, polymers or polymer blends in the module, instead of the filler 2 is provided, and fillers, additives and additives over another, arranged elsewhere module.

The planetary roller extruder module includes a housing 100 , which at each end with a flange 101 is provided. In addition, the housing has a socket 109 , which with an internal toothing 110 is provided. Outside are the bushing cooling / heating channels 108 incorporated. In the assembled state are the heating / cooling channels 108 outside closed by the housing. At the ends of the heating / cooling channels 108 supply lines / leads are provided for a tempering agent. In 12 is from the two leads / leads a connection 103 shown.

In the middle of the case 100 is a central spindle 107 arranged. The drive side is the central spindle 107 as a splined shaft 105 designed to correspond with a geared motor.

Between the internal teeth 110 and the central spindle 107 are planetary spindles 106 intended. The planetary spindles 106 mesh with the teeth of the central spindle 107 and the internal teeth 110 , In the drawing, the planetary spindles 106 a normal / standard toothing such as the central spindle and the socket 109 , Other than illustrated, these are transport spindles.

Moreover, it is on top of the case 100 a flange 102 with an inlet opening 104 intended for the intended for extrusion feedstock. At the flange 102 an inlet funnel is attached. In the exemplary embodiment, no additional temperature control of the flange is provided. In other embodiments, an additional temperature, not shown, of the flange and, if necessary, the inlet funnel is provided in order to temper a material which tends to stick or caking so that the tendency for sticking or baking is minimized.

13 shows the feeder with an open coat 100 so that the view of the transport spindles 106 free is.

In operation, the extrusion material from the inlet funnel, not shown, runs without pressure into the inlet opening 104 of the coat 100 on. Depressurized means over the weight of the over the inlet opening 104 standing pressure column in the direction of the inlet opening on the material is applied.

The extrusion material enters between the transport spindles 106 and is detected by the transport spindles and extremely gently mixed and promoted in the direction of the other planetary roller extruder sections / modules to be further processed there.

14 and 15 show a further embodiment.
The further embodiment differs from the embodiment according to the 11 to 13 through another housing shell 119 , The housing jacket 119 also has an inlet opening 120 for feedstock. In addition, the housing shell 119 with an internal toothing 121 provided, which like the internal toothing after 11 to 13 is suitable with the planetary spindles 106 to work together. In contrast to the housing internal teeth after 11 to 13 the toothing is the internal toothing 121 but in which is the inlet opening 120 subsequent and extending in the direction of rotation of the central spindle area 122 flattened. The direction of rotation of the central spindle follows in the illustration 14 clockwise.
At the end adjacent the inlet opening, the teeth are reduced by ¾ of their height due to the flattening. This flattening 133 decreases in the embodiment in the direction of rotation of the central spindle. In this case, the flattening extends 133 in the exemplary embodiment about 1/10 of the circumference of belonging to the housing internal teeth pitch circle. In other embodiments, the region may extend over at least ¼ of the circumference of the pitch circle, or at least ½ of the circumference of the pitch circle, or at least ¾ of the circumference of the pitch circle. Here is the extent of the range 122 determined from the point where the area 122 in the illustration 14 with a section through the center of the circular cross-section inlet opening adjoins the inlet opening.

The extension direction of the area 122 follows in the illustration 14 alone in the circumferential direction. In other embodiments, the in 14 shown extending direction also in the circumferential direction and at the same time inclined to the longitudinal direction of the housing.

15 shows that the flattening 133 extends in the embodiment over the entire opening width of the inlet opening. In other embodiments, the flattening extends 133 over at most 90% of the opening width of the inlet opening, in still further embodiments over at most 80% of the opening width of the inlet opening and still other embodiments over more than 70% of the opening width of the inlet opening.
The flattening 133 can be in need in the in 15 in further embodiments also extend beyond the opening width of the inlet opening, for example by at most another 10% of the opening width or by at most another 20% of the opening width or by at most 30% of the opening width.

In the 14 and 15 Flattening shown forms a feed hopper, which facilitates the collection of the feedstock in the extrusion plant.

16 shows an original tooth 136 between tooth gaps 135 , The illustration includes a section of a housing internal toothing. Spark erosion is a tooth shown in dash-dotted lines 137 shown with lesser height, round head and tooth flanks, the pitch diameter of the housing internal teeth have a lower slope than the tooth flanks of the original tooth 136 ,

17 shows a cross section through a planetary roller extruder section with a solids feed. The cross section shows a housing 201 with an internal toothing 205 , In the case 201 run a central spindle 204 and planetary spindles 203 around.
The solid feed has a hopper, not shown, with a cylindrical outlet, which is connected to the housing 201 is flanged. The funnel with the cylindrical spout is in relation to the center of the central spindle 204 arranged eccentrically. That is, the central axis 208 the feeder 202 runs at a distance past the central axis of the central spindle. The distance between the two axes is slightly larger than a quarter of the pitch circle diameter of the housing internal teeth in the embodiment 205 but much smaller as half the pitch circle diameter of the housing internal teeth 205 , As a result, the central axis points 208 in an area of the trajectory of the planetary spindles 203 in which the planetary spindles 203 after reaching the maximum position in the view 17 move significantly downwards. On the way, the material is drawn much better into the planetary roller extruder module than in the conventional arrangement of the material feed over the planetary roller extruder module, wherein the center axis of the feed is perpendicular to the central axis of the planetary roller extruder module. The material is in the view after 17 schematic with particles 206 shown.

As a result of the dimensions of the solid feed, the solid feed is in the eccentric arrangement of solid feed according to the invention in the vertical projection on a horizontal plane in which the central axis of the planetary roller extruder module, with respect to the planetary roller extruder module before. Nevertheless, the solid particles 206 To steer well into the planetary roller extruder module is a tapered transition 207 provided by the material supply in the planetary roller extruder module.

In the embodiment, the transition forms a slope. The slope runs at an angle of 60 degrees to the horizontal.

18 shows the combination of a conventional filler with a planetary roller extruder module, which is also intended for the entry of extrusion material. The planetary roller extruder module is with 220 and the filling part with 221 designated.
To the planetary roller extruder module 220 belong planetary spindles 226 and a material feeder as in 17 shown.
To the filling part 221 belong to a feeder screw 227 and a material feeder 228 ,
The material feed 228 serves the supply of polymers and polymer blends, the material supply 225 the supply of fillers, aggregates and additives.

In 19 is a section of a socket 301 for a provided for entering extrusion material planetary roller extruder module.
Inside is the gearing 302 visible; on the outside the grooves / cutouts, which channels 303 form. The dimension in the deepest between the teeth and in the deepest of the channels is with 304 designated.

20 shows an extruder with a planetary roller extruder formed as a planetary roller extruder section 311 , a drive 310 and an exit 316 ,

The housing of the section 311 is at both ends with flanges 313 and 314 Provided. With the flange 313 it is on a flange 312 of the drive braced and with the flange 314 on a flange 315 the exit 316 braced.

The section 311 has in the housing a not shown, internally toothed socket, a central spindle, not shown, which is set by the drive in rotary motion.
To the central spindle run in the embodiment of four planetary spindles. The planetary spindles are evenly distributed on the circumference of the central spindle and mesh both with the external teeth of the central spindle and with the internal toothing of the bushing.
The central spindle belongs to a certain size.
The housing with the internally toothed bush belongs to a different, larger size. This results in a greater distance between the central spindle and the socket than between the central spindle and a socket / housing of the same size as the central spindle. The size is borrowed in each case the pitch diameter of the internal teeth of the socket / housing. Even if the pitch circle diameter of the central spindle toothing is substantially smaller than the pitch circle diameter of the toothing of the bushing / housing, then the smaller pitch circle diameter may correspond to the larger pitch circle diameter of the toothing of the bushing / housing.
In the distance between the central spindle and the sleeve / housing, the planetary spindles must rotate and simultaneously mesh with the toothing of the central spindle and the internal teeth of the sleeve / housing. Corresponding to the larger distance, this results in larger planetary spindle diameters.
For the planetary spindles of the extruder 20 The same applies as for other known planetary spindles: All revolving planetary spindles slide on a thrust ring.

On the housing of the section 311 is a filling station 318 with a hopper 317 intended.

In the places 319 and 320 Optionally, the addition of other starting materials.

In another embodiment, three smaller planetary roller extruder modules are provided instead of the one planetary roller extruder module whose total length is the in 20 represented planetary roller extruder module corresponds. Maintaining the planetary spindle stock, each planetary roller extruder module has four planetary spindles.

In another embodiment is between the two flanges 314 and 315 a special ring construction provided. The ring design also forms a contact ring and a measuring point for pressure and temperature. The measured data are sent via a cable 321 deducted.

The to 20 explained combination of an existing central spindle with an enlarged housing / socket and enlarged planetary spindles takes place in other embodiments with all the extruders illustrated and explained above.

22 shows an extrusion plant with a drive 340 and two planetary roller extruder modules arranged one behind the other 341 and 342 , The module 342 is a standard size. The module 341 serves as a filling part and is radially enlarged. The filling opening of the filling part is in 22 shown schematically and with 490 designated.
All modules 341 and 342 are penetrated by the same central spindle. The housings and the associated sockets of the modules 341 and 342 are different. The housing of the module 342 corresponds to the size usually associated with the central spindle and is much smaller than the module 341 , The same applies to the planetary spindles.
The housing of the module 341 is much larger and has been taken from a larger size. The larger size has a socket with an internal toothing with a much larger pitch diameter than the module 342 ,
While in the modules 342 Planet spindles with the same pitch circle diameter and with their external teeth mesh with the external teeth of the central spindle, have the planetary spindles of the module 341 a larger pitch circle diameter. But even these planetary spindles mesh with the common central spindle. This is possible because the tooth module of the toothing of the central spindle is the same as the tooth module of the planetary spindles of all planetary roller extruder modules 341 and 342 , The number of teeth of the planetary spindles in the planetary roller extruder module 341 However, it is larger than that of the planetary spindles in the other planetary roller extruder modules 342 , This requires a larger pitch circle diameter of the planetary spindles in the module 341 so that the planetary spindles mesh simultaneously with the central spindle and the internal teeth of the bushing.

The housings of all planetary roller extruder modules and the drive 340 are bolted together with flanges.
The radially enlarged planetary roller extruder module 341 has a tubular housing with flanges 346 and 348 at both ends.
The inlet side flange 346 is via an adapter ring 347 with a flange 345 of the drive 340 screwed. Different screw connections are provided: a screw connection between the flange 345 and the adapter ring 347 and a screw connection of the adapter ring 347 with the flange 346 , The screw is in the embodiment of 6 screws, in other embodiments, more screws are provided.

In the embodiment causes the adapter ring 347 at the same time a centering of the connected extruder parts. For this the adapter ring engages 347 with a projection in a recess of the flange 345 while the flange 346 with a projection in a recess of the adapter ring 347 attacks.

The outlet side flange 348 is via an adapter ring 350 with the flange 351 screwed to a neighboring extruder section / module. In this case, as in the previously described screw several screws are provided. In addition, the adapter ring causes 350 a centering of the interconnected extruder sections / modules. The adapter ring 350 engages with a projection in a recess of the flange 348 while the flange 351 with a projection in a recess of the adapter ring 350 attacks.

In 23 and 24 The situation at the juncture of various planetary roller extruder sections / modules / drive is shown in an enlargement and detail. The housing of the drive consists of parts 345 . 356 and 355 , The housing socket of the section / module 341 is with 357 , the housing socket of the section / module 342 With 362 ,
At the same time is the stop ring for the section / module 341 With 361 , At the stop ring 357 glide in the section / module 341 revolving planetary spindles.
It forms the intermediate ring 347 at the same time an adapter for the housing of the drive 340 and the intermediate ring 350 at the same time an abutment for the stop ring 361 ,

23 shows at the same time the application of a trained as a twin screw Stopfwerk 358 for the section / module 341 ,

In the 23 and 24 indicates the arrangement of the stop ring 361 then that the extrusion direction in the view runs from left to right.

The 25 and 26 show the enlargement of the cavity at inventive radial magnification.
It is in 25 a conventional planetary roller extruder shown in section. This is with 371 a central spindle, with 372 three planetary spindles, with 370 a surrounding, cylindrical housing and with 374 an internally toothed socket called. In the cavity of the internally toothed socket 374 let the central spindle 371 and the planetary spindles 372 cavities 373 free. The planetary spindles 372 each carry 5 teeth on its circumference. In the exemplary embodiment, this results in a cavity cross section (transverse to the extruder longitudinal direction) with an area of 2583 square millimeters.

In 26 a radial enlargement of the planetary roller extruder / module cross-section is shown. Therein is the central spindle 371 preserved in their original form. The planetary spindle 375 but have the same toothing module in contrast to the planetary spindles 372 nine teeth 375 with correspondingly larger pitch circle diameter.
This configuration is the case 376 and the internally toothed socket 377 adjusted by appropriate enlargement.
The cavity 378 is evidently about twice the size of the cavity 373 to 25 In the exemplary embodiment results in a comparable cavity cross-section area of 4960 square millimeters.

The 25a and 26a Planetary roller extruder / module cross sections show the with the cross sections 25 and 26 are identical except for the number of planetary spindles. For the four instead of three used planetary spindles 372 or. 375 ,
This results in 25a a cross-sectional area of 2314 square millimeters and in 26a a cross-sectional area of 4204 square millimeters.

The 25b and 26b Planetary roller extruder / module cross sections show the with the cross sections 25 and 26 are identical except for the number of planetary spindles. For the five instead of three used planetary spindles 372 or. 375 , This results in 25a a cross-sectional area of 2104 square millimeters and in 26a a cross-sectional area of 3500 square millimeters.

27 shows a longitudinal section through a drive 1110 two planetary roller extruder sections / modules, of which the sections / modules 1111 as filling part serves the section 1112 the section 1111 is subordinate. Both sections have a common central spindle 1100 ,

The section 1111 serves the task of extrusion material. For this purpose, an opening, not shown, provided in the housing shell. The extrusion material is abandoned by means of a dosing device, not shown, and a feed hopper, not shown.

To the section 1111 belong to a housing 389 with a socket 386 , Outside has the socket 386 cooling channels 385 inside a toothing 387 , The socket 86 encloses three planetary spindles 388 , in turn, the central spindle 1100 enclose. The planetary spindles mesh 388 with the internal toothing 387 and the external teeth of the central spindle.

In contrast to the planetary spindles 3109 own the planetary spindles 388 of the section 1111 but more teeth and with the same tooth module a much larger pitch circle diameter. This is the internal toothing 387 the socket 386 adjusted so that the housing 389 is correspondingly larger.
The housing 386 is at one end with the housing of the section 1110 and at the other end with the housing 395 screwed. For screwing on one end flanges 381 and 382 and flanges at the other end 390 and 395 intended. The associated screws are with 383 and 396 designated.

The pipe jacket of the housing 389 owns in the area 384 in adaptation to the lower load of the housing in an extrusion operation, a taper.

The 27 shows at the same time dot-dashed a window 1105 , in which it is evident, what dimensions there with 1108 designated housing has, if planetary spindles 1106 come into use, which cause a further radial enlargement due to an even larger number of teeth. The resulting housing socket is with 1107 designated.

The 5 and 21 include variants of in 23 and 24 illustrated construction. Unlike the 23 and 24 the extrusion direction follows in the views 5 and 21 from right to left. This becomes from the position of the starting ring 1156 clear. The stop ring 1156 belongs to a radially enlarged filling module in planetary roller extruder construction, from which the extrusion material with all constituents is transferred into a normal planetary roller extruder module, which has the task to mix in crosslinking agent and to temper the mass to extrusion temperature.
Between the stop ring 1156 and the central spindle has a small gap for passage of the extrusion material.

The radially enlarged filling module has a much larger void volume than the downstream normal planetary roller extruder module. The larger void volume offers better filling conditions than a normal planetary roller extruder module.

The radially enlarged filling module has a housing with a socket 1160 outside with channels 1159 for the tempering of the plastic mass and inside with the same gearing as the central spindle 1151 , but provided with other pitch circle diameter. The pitch circle diameter roughly corresponds to the sum of the pitch circle diameter of the center spindle 1151 and double the diameter of planetary spindles 1158 , Coarse means, while a necessary play in the teeth is considered, so that the planetary spindles on the one hand with the central spindle 1151 and on the other hand with the socket 1160 can comb.
During operation, the planetary spindle is running 1158 in the socket 1160 around the central spindle 1158 around. The planetary spindles slide 1158 on a stop ring 1156 , To reduce wear is the thrust ring 1156 with a carbide insert 1157 Provided.

The normal planetary roller extruder module has planetary spindles 1152 with about half the circle diameter like the planetary spindles 1158 , The associated socket is with 1154 designates and sits in a housing 1185 and has cooling channels 1153 , The housing 1185 consists of a tube and a welded collar 1155 together.
The housing 1161 the radially enlarged filling module is connected to the collar 1155 screwed. These are corresponding through holes in the collar 1155 and the housing 1161 provided, which are penetrated by screws, so that the screws opposite to the housing 1161 protrude and be tightened with nuts.

The stop ring 1156 surrounds the central spindle 1151 at a distance at which the extrusion material can flow from the filling module into the downstream planetary roller extruder module.

21 shows a filling module in planetary roller extruder design, which is even more radially enlarged than the filling module after 5 , The filling module also has revolving planetary spindles 1172 , a housing 1176 and a socket 1175 , a stop ring 1170 with a carbide insert 1171 ,

The planetary roller extruder module downstream of the filling module is the same as in FIG 5 , All parts of the downstream planetary roller extruder module have the same designations as in 21 , The further enlarged filling module has even better feed requirements.

By further enlargement of the filling module another connection of the filling module is provided with the downstream planetary roller extruder.
Although in the embodiment according to 21 for the connection also provided a screw. For this purpose, there are corresponding through holes in the housing 1176 , The connection with the collar 155 takes place after 21 via an adapter 1190 , The adapter 1190 is a ring with an inner collar. With the inner collar of the adapter engages 1190 in a groove of the collar 1155 , which centers the adapter and also an alignment of both housings 1176 and 1185 ensures.

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

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Claims (25)

Production and processing of polymers or polymer blends with other materials, in particular low bulk density by extrusion, wherein the extruder consists of a plurality in the extrusion direction successively arranged planetary roller extruder modules, initially the polymers or polymer blends carried in a planetary roller extruder module and in this planetary roller extruder module and / or another planetary roller extruder module be plasticized, the other substances are given after the formation of the melt in the extruder and mixed with the melt, characterized in that provided for the task of other materials planetary roller extruder module with respect to the other planetary roller extruder modules having a housing with a radially enlarged cavity, so that a larger amount of other substances in the associated planetary roller extruder module can be included. Production after Claim 1 , characterized in that at a radial enlargement serving for receiving the other substances planetary roller extruder module, the central spindle is maintained and the planetary spindles and the housing are radially enlarged with the housing bush, the planetary spindles and the housing bush while maintaining the toothing module of the central spindle provided with larger numbers of teeth become. Production after Claim 2 characterized in that the planetary gear extruder module for central spindles of a size of at least 120mm has a number of teeth of at least 8, preferably of at least 9, more preferably of at least 10 and most preferably of at least 11, for the planetary spindles Production after Claim 2 characterized in that the planetary gear extruder module provided for receiving the other substances whose central spindles of a size of at most 100mm have a number of teeth of at least 7, preferably of at least 8, more preferably of at least 9 and most preferably of at least 10. Production after Claim 2 characterized in that the planetary gear extruder module provided for receiving the other substances whose central spindles of a size of at most 70mm have a number of teeth of at least 6, preferably at least 7, more preferably at least 8 and most preferably at least 9. Production according to one of Claims 2 to 5 , characterized in that in the space provided for receiving the other substances Planetwaltextrudermodul the planetary spindles of larger size directly mesh with the central spindle of smaller size or mesh with an internally and externally toothed sleeve which is screwed onto the central spindle. Production after Claim 2 , characterized in that for the planned for receiving the other substances planetary roller extruder module - at radial magnification, the central spindle is maintained and --ein housing and a socket of a larger size can be used with other toothing module and - the planetary spindles while maintaining the toothing module of the sleeve are radially enlarged and -on the central spindle an internally and externally toothed sleeve is screwed, -wobei the planetary spindles mesh with the external teeth of the screwed sleeve. Production according to one of Claims 2 to 7 , characterized in that the central spindle and / or the planetary spindles and / or the bush are selected from the following series for the planetary roller extruder module provided for receiving the other substances: BG SVM 30 1 50 1.5 70 2.5 100 3 120 3 150 3 180 3; 3.5 200 3; 3.5 250 3; 3.5 280 3.5 300 3.5 350 3.5 400 3.5 SBG SVM 150 5.5 200 5.5 280 5.5 300 5.5 400 5.5 500 5.5 where BG sizes are referred to in standard design and SBG sizes are designated in heavy design and the numbers are equal to the pitch circle diameter of the internal teeth of the socket or the internal teeth of the housing and SVM denotes the tooth module. Production according to one of Claims 1 to 8th , characterized in that the radially enlarged for receiving the other substances extruder section / module is provided downstream to a downstream extruder section with a tapered opening. Production after Claim 9 , characterized in that the outlet opening is formed by a ring. Production according to one of Claims 1 to 10 , characterized in that one of the planetary spindles is designed as a cleaner. Production after Claim 11 , characterized in that the planetary spindle serving as Putzer consists of two parts, wherein the one part engages with a central pin in a bore of the other part and wherein there is a spring in the bore. Production according to one of Claims 1 to 12 characterized by the use of adapters between the invention radially enlarged section / module and an upstream, smaller diameter section / module and / or a downstream, smaller diameter section / module. Production after Claim 13 , characterized by a one-piece or multi-part adapter. Production after Claim 13 or 14 , characterized by an annular adapter. Production according to one of Claims 13 to 15 characterized by an adapter disposed between the mounting flanges on extruder section housings. Production according to one of Claims 13 to 16 , characterized in that the adapter comprises at least the smaller housing outside. Production according to one of Claims 13 to 17 , characterized in that the adapter and the flanges centering engage each other, wherein the one part is preferably provided with a cylindrical elevation and the corresponding other part with a corresponding recess. Production according to one of Claims 13 to 18 , characterized by a tempered adapter. Production according to one of Claims 13 to 19 , characterized in that the adapter alone or with other parts at the same time forms a stop ring and / or a ring for measuring points and / or a centering. Production according to one of Claims 1 to 20 characterized by the use of transport spindles as planetary spindles. Production after Claim 21 , characterized in that the transport spindles protrude from the outlet end over the inlet opening of the filling part. Production after Claim 21 or 22 , characterized in that the transport spindles are less tooth-reduced towards the outlet end than towards the inlet end. Production after Claim 23 characterized by at least one step on the transport spindles. Production according to one of Claims 21 to 24 characterized by additional short spindles between the spindles projecting beyond the inlet opening.

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