DE102006054204A1 - Production of mixtures from wood particles and/or other plant particles with plastic for the production of wood substitutes in an extruder, comprises liquefying the plastic before mixing with the wood and/or plant particles - Google Patents

Abstract

The production of mixtures from wood particles and/or other plant particles with plastic for the production of wood substitutes in an extruder useful in furniture, interior construction, trade fair construction and/or automobile lining, comprises liquefying the plastic before mixing with the wood and/or plant particles, and homogenizing and condensing the mixture of wood and/or plant particles with the plastic. The mixture has 65 wt.% of wood. The cavity volume of the wood and/or plant particle is reduced to 40% against the exit volume through the condensation. The production of mixtures from wood particles and/or other plant particles with plastic for the production of wood substitutes in an extruder useful in furniture, interior construction, trade fair construction and/or automobile lining, comprises liquefying the plastic before mixing with the wood and/or plant particles, and homogenizing and condensing the mixture of wood and/or plant particles with the plastic. The mixture has 65 wt.% of wood. The cavity volume of the wood and/or plant particle is reduced to 40% against the exit volume through the condensation. The mixing takes place in a planet roller extruder. The liquefied plastic is led together with the wood and/or the plant particles under pressure and is injected against the wood and/or the plant particles. The mixture is processed in a heat to profile and/or the wood and/or the plant particle is supplied in an extruder. The liquefied plastic is supplied at extruder housing and/or between the extruder sections (19). The plastic batch wisely liquefies and is supplied in the extruder by a pump or the plastic is liquefied in a lateral branch extruder. Aggregates are supplied with the plastic and/or with the wood and/or plant particles over wood and plastic. The wood or plant particles are preheated with the plastic at 150[deg] C before mixing. The planet roller part or planet roller extruder for mixing and condensing is arranged in a screw extruder or screw module. The filling part and the planet roller part are formed as screw through the extruder. The liquefied plastic melt is produced in a partially arranged separate extruder. The liquefied melt is supplied at an intermediate ring arranged between the filling part and the planet roller part. The housing of the filling and/or the planet part is formed through the intermediate ring, which is secured at the adjoining collar of the filling part and the planet part, or is held between the planet part and the filling part. The adjoining collar of the planet part is braced with the adjoining collar of the filling part. The intermediate ring grips in a central opening in the adjoining forehead area of the filling part or reversibly grips the planet roller parts and the screw part in a central opening at the forehead side of the intermediate ring. The lateral branch extruder for melting of the plastic is flange mounted at the end of the filling part, at the beginning of the planet roller part and/or at the intermediate ring, or is connected over a melt pipeline with the end of the filling part and with the beginning of the planet part or over the melt pipeline with the intermediate ring. Double screw extruder or double screw extruder part or screw extruder or screw extruder part is formed as lateral branch extruder for melting of the plastic. The wood and/or plant particle is preheated in a downstream filling part and the plastic melt is produced in the lateral branch extruder. A bore protrudes through the extruder housing and in socket of the planet roller part in the housing for the lateral branch extruder. A conveyance housing or tube or insert protrudes in the bore, which possesses an extension in the area of the channel for tempering unit so that an interval exists between the conveyance housing or the tube or the insert and the interior wall of the bore. The interval forms a cavity, which connects coolant channels or heating channels through the bore and/or the conveyance housing or tube or insert. The extruder housing possesses a groove at the bushing in the area of the channel for the tempering unit. The groove extends itself around the circumference of the bushing over the total circumference or over a part in the circumference. The width of the groove is larger than the diameter of the conveyance housing or the diameter of the tube serving the material conveyance or the insert. The extruder housing with the interiorly lying bushing is equipped with the channel for the tempering unit and has a connector bore for a lateral branch extruder. The channel is led for the tempering unit around the connector bore. The insert is equipped with the bore piercing the housing for the conveyance of the melt. The insert possesses a connection channel for the channel assigned for the transition of the tempering unit.

Description

The Invention relates to the mixture of plastic with wood particles or similar.

Plastics find a variety of applications
Shaped parts, workpieces, blocks, sheets, foils, sheets, coverings, pipes, hoses, rods, rods, profiles, strips, cords, wires, bristles, nets
Adhesives, lacquers, glues, pastes, putties, binders
Paints, plasters, fillers, potting and sealing compounds, enamels and coating materials, gels,
Threads, fibers, yarns, silks, strands, mats, nonwovens, fabrics

The Plastics can consist of monomers and / or polymers. Often it is a Mixture, being also mixtures with other substances than plastics occurrence. This is especially true for the production of plastic foam.

to Processing plastics are preferred for extruders. With an extruder, the substances used can melt very advantageous, mix or homogenize and disperse.

In addition, can heated the crop at the same time or cooled become. For heating or cooling can be found in the extruder jacket and, if necessary. Also in spindles cooling lines or heating cables. additionally causes the deformation exerted by the extruder spindles on the feedstock a significant warming.

in the Extruders can be mixed even with very difficult substances. The difficult to mix substances include wood and plastic. The Wood is guided in small particles in the extruder and there wrapped with the plastic.

Around the serving To effect, the plastic must be heavily plasticized. This happens under appropriate warming and vacuum. The heat However, it is passed on by the wood only very badly. Furthermore the wood is heavily porous.

To an older one Proposal is seen a danger that the plastic disproportionately pressed into the pores will be distributed unevenly and no wrap around the wood particle takes place.

The Wood-plastic mixture is also called wood substitute.

Wood finds application in various areas. These include furniture, interior design, trade fair construction, even car linings.

at the furniture is to distinguish between furniture, where the wood only as a construction material or visible surfaces forming application finds.

In upholstery Wood is mostly used only as a construction material. Usually own all upholstered furniture a solid substructure, z. As a frame, also called frame. Seating surfaces, backrests and armrests are also available in and on the frame the feet are mounted. Optionally, the frame also directly forms the seat, backrests and armrests or vice versa. The material from which the frame is made is, is the construction material.

Traditionally be framework for upholstered furniture made of wood. Used are boards and bars. Wood has the advantage that the individual parts with each other and with the upholstery and the upholstery cover can be connected by so-called tacking. To staple serve U-shaped brackets. The clamps replace the padded nails of earlier times.

Other Show furniture Wood as visual and decorative or decorative surfaces.

The Given requirements are partly only certain rare wood species met. Rare woods are relatively expensive. That's why it belongs it has long been state of the art, veneers from the rare Wooden to cut out the visible surface form. Veneers contain thin, foil-like woodcuts. There is a considerable committee, though the veneers are to be processed as the wood has grown.

By the mixture of wood and plastic creates a beneficial Wood substitute. Instead of wood, other minced ones can be used Find plants application.

Optional an extrudate of plastic and wood and other aggregates is produced, that foamed or unfoamed is. At low wood content in the extrudate is called a reinforcement or from the use of wood as a filler. In USA one speaks of a wood substitute if the wood content in the mixture is one part by weight of 50% achieved. For example, boards are made from the mix of Wood and plastic with the specified mixing proportions common in the USA. Of the US market accepts this. The European market accepts one Wood substitute in the field of vision only if the appearance of the material much closer to the wood comes. This will require 70% and more wood shares.

Indeed could be permanent and flawless outdoor applications with such Material not yet reached.

For the use of other plant constituents, for example of straw, instead of wood is similar as with wood. In part, the plant parts have a lower strength as wood. Insofar as strength is important, this is due to changes to take the mixture into account. As other parts of the plan can also grains meal and shredded hay find application.

To an older one Proposal is to reduce the plastic content of the extrudate as much as possible. In this case, wood proportions on the extrudate of 60 to 95Gew%, based on the mixture, aimed. The optimum amount of plastic should dependent on from the mix proportions, the processing and the intended Property values of the mixture are added.

The Dimensions of the plant particles are after the older proposal when using usual Extruder of the patency the particle in the extruder determined. This is the consistency from the play of the moving extruder parts in the extruder and from the opening width of the nozzle gap certainly. The consistency can be determined based on the known machine data. After that can the for permissible for the respective extruder Dimensions of the plant particles are set. For security reasons, the Dimensions of the plant particles chosen smaller than those described above Patency.

alternative can after the older one Proposal also the consistency the extruder of the desired Particle size to be adjusted. This happens in the way of the extrusion new building or the exchange of Components, e.g. the replacement of the extruder screw, the nozzle or the bush in the extruder housing. Contemporary extruder have a bush in the extruder housing, in which the worm rotate.

When Plastics are all extrudable plastics, in particular polyethylene (PE), polystyrene (PS), polyurethane (PU) and polypropylene (PP). PE is particularly preferred.

The Adhesives can a lack of adhesion of plastic with plant particles or compensate with wood.

bonding agent form molecular bridges at the interfaces between the substances to be connected, here the plastic.

So far still other fillers or reinforcing / reinforcing agent such as. Fiberglass can find use, the bonding agent also have the task to increase the liability to these other substances. bonding agent can be VC (vinyl chloride) copolymers, polymerizable polyester or vinyl-acrylonitrile-methacrylic acid copolymers, phenolic resins, Rubber derivatives or acrylic resins without or with PF (phenol-formaldehyde) ← or EP (epoxy) resins.

When Adhesion promoters are generally also EVA (ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers) known; Sufficient can be already, the plant particles too hydrophobic, i. to reduce the surface tension.

Of the Plastic becomes conventional as granules with the plant particles and additives in the extruder given up. Optionally, the granules already contain a mixture of plastic and aggregates.

The Moisture can be reduced by drying to any desired level for extrusion become. required is not always a minimum moisture content, but optional a certain moisture content, with the influence on the extrusion process and / or on the nature of the extrudate.

Twin-screw extruders have hitherto been considered particularly favorable for extrusion because these extruders have:
a very high catchment effect
a very good pressure build-up.

advantageously, can Extruders composed of different elements of different types become. That's why it's possible for the Plastifizierungszone a favorable there Insert element in the design of a twin-screw extruder and this element in other extruder zones of other types to combine, which have advantages there.

Under pressure and temperature, the plastic melts. In the further course of the feed mixture through the extruder, the mixture is homogenized. For the homogenization zone and dispersion zone, it is advantageous to use extruder elements there which have a high mixing capacity. These are eg elements with the design of a planetary roller extruder. This element also has a high cooling effect, with which the processing temperature can be controlled very accurately. Depending on the type of plant or wood species and depending on the plastic results in a different optimal processing temperature for the melt. For example, the temperature can reach 200 degrees Celsius at a maximum Residence time (heat load duration) of 15 min. For a shorter duration, the maximum temperature may be higher than for a longer duration.

at the further extrusion is between the extrusion of unfoamed plastic foamed and extruded To distinguish plastic.

at both extrusion processes For example, a certain moisture content may be desired. The residual moisture can serve as a lubricant. The residual moisture can also be in chemical Reaction occur. For example, the humidity in response to the Lignin of the plant particles occur. Surprisingly, it can do that improved adhesion between wood and plastic can be effected. The suitable content of moisture / lignin can be determined by varying the Test the humidity and the variation of the lignin content. Lignin stands also in liquid Form commercially available to disposal.

If in the extrusion no water is desired, on the one hand counteracted by drying the plant particles prior to extrusion become. additionally or instead of drying, the moisture may evaporate after evaporation Extruders are removed by degassing. The degassing can take place immediately after evaporation. That is regularly in the Plasticizing zone of the case. There the necessary warming takes place.

These warming arises from the work of deformation during plasticizing and possibly through feed of heat. The feeder of heat can e.g. above a temperature in the extruder housing respectively.

The Degassing takes place, as far as desired, no later than held directly in front of the extrusion die.

The Degassing requires that the melt pressure is reduced.

Known is also the degassing using two extruders in tandem the handover between the two extruders.

The Degassing can also be done in an extruder. The necessary pressure reduction the melt can be made by various means, e.g. by change the pitch the screw in the extruder.

to Degassing, the melt can also be withdrawn from the extruder and a Degassing led out and returned to the extruder again. In this case, the pressure control by interposition of a melt pump be much easier. This also applies to the pressure immediately before the extrusion nozzle (Tool). Here, the pressure can additionally through the melt pump to be evened out and so the quality of the extrudate can be improved.

ever higher the Wood content in the mixture is greater, the greater the risk that the material not for anymore an outdoor application suitable is. The known materials disintegrate after some time due to constant Freeze / thaw. Another disadvantage of the known materials is a disproportionate source, the easy to big damage leads or with oversized Expansion gaps are taken into account got to.

It also increases the wear of the Extrusion plant with increasing wood content. The wear reduced the economy of the plant.

The Invention has therefore set itself the task of manufacturing of wood substitute of a mixture of wood particles or others To improve plant particles. In particular, materials should to be produced with a better wood appearance, is intended for use the materials outdoors possible be and should reduce the economic efficiency of the plant improved by wear become. As far as is further spoken by wood, that concludes the above-mentioned alternative plant particles. The comparison desired to US standard better wood appearance requires wood shares of at least 60% by weight, preferably 65% by weight and more.

To the invention, the wear is reduced by the fact that the plastic at least separate from the wood and optionally separated from others wear-causing surcharges the mixture is plasticized and then into the stream of wood particles sprayed and that the Mixture is homogenized and pressed. By homogenizing the plastic spreads on the wood particles. By pressing the wood particles whose cavities are at least significantly reduced.

preferably, be the cavities / pores in the Reduced wood by at least 20% of its original volume. Further the initial volume is preferably at least 40% of its original volume reduced.

The compression of wood for the production of mixtures of wood and plastic is the subject of an earlier proposal. It is envisaged to pellet the wood particles before merging with the plastic. The use of pellets serves primarily to increase the proportion of wood in the mixture, for example to one Proportion of over 80% by weight in the mixture. The pellets facilitate the drawing of the wood particles into the extruder. The pellets run easily into the feeding hopper of an extruder. The pellets are also easy to dose. In practice, however, the pellets have not been successful because of the risk that the pellets will not adequately catch up in the extruder, but will later disintegrate when moistened after the mixture has been profiled. The danger is much greater when using the material outdoors when the moistened pellets in the mixture repeatedly undergo a frost / thaw cycle.

at The pelleting also finds a pressing of the wood and a reduction of the cavity in the wood, however, that finds itself with the contact the melt takes place. While in the inventive method surprising good resistance to frost / thaw shows and a lot shows less swelling behavior, the opposite occurs when using of pellets before contact were made with melt. The invention is explained the fact that the Melt in the inventive method at least partially in the cavities / pores of the wood has penetrated before it comes to a compression. In the case leads the compression in the inventive method advantageously to a further completion and to a closure the cavities / pores. In the known method leads the compression of the wood only to a narrowing of the cavities / pores, So that the viscous melt Although no longer or hardly can penetrate into the cavities, water and especially steam but very well. The invading moisture is the cause of Sources. During a frost / thaw change extreme loads occur the mixture. There is a risk that the mixture due to the formation of ice or is broken when melting the ice.

at the mixture according to the invention of the wood with the liquid Melt before compression / compression is the temperature of the mixture components of considerable importance. Cheap is a high temperature of the melt. The higher the melt temperature is, the higher is the fluidity the melt and the better the melt can be before compacting of the wood in its cavities / pores penetrate. The maximum melt temperature is material dependent. Preferably becomes a safe distance from the gasification temperature at the melt temperature respected. The safety distance is optionally at least 5% of the gasification temperature.

Furthermore the melt temperature is limited by the nature of the wood. Depending on Texture tends to wood at higher temperatures to one undesirable Discoloration.

ever Material and pressure result in different processing temperatures for the melt, For example, with PE-LD 140 to 260 degrees Celsius, with PE-HD 260 to 300 degrees Celsius. Whether the processing area is fully or partially exhausted can, hangs from the wood used and from the temperature of the wood. At the higher temperatures arises more fluid Plastic. This means, the plasticization according to the invention contains a strong liquefaction.

preferably, Plastic is used, which is recycled at most once. The more common the material is recycled, the poorer the flowability in some plastics. Or it is used plastic, the from a mixture of fresh material with recycled material exists and at least the same fluidity exists as a material that no more than once has been recycled.

Yet more preferred is a total of fresh plastic, not recycled Material used.

Optional The plastic is plasticized or added together with aggregates the surcharges after plasticizing the plastic mixed with this, before the mixture with the wood particles takes place. To this surcharges belong preferably dyes and adhesion promoters and water repellents.

The Wood particles are preferably in the form of chips, for Example used in the form of sawdust. Sawdust falling in large amounts in the processing of wood. At the same time the dimensions are of sawdust in certain Limits. Usually become sawdust with compressed air promoted. With the compressed air, the Wood particles in wide limits anywhere, e.g. in a hopper, be transported. Compressed air is usually produced using blowers, which suck in air on one side and the other side Press air into a transport line. At the destination of the wood particle transport, the compressed air must again from the wood particles are separated. This is done by suitable Filter. In practice you can however, the filters do not separate any dust particles from the compressed air. Particulate matter enters the environment to a greater or lesser extent.

In Further embodiment of the invention is to reduce the fine dust outlet become. Therefore, it is preferable to transport the wood particles Intake air used. At the destination of Sauglufttransportes be the Wood particles as in compressed air transport with filters from the suction air separated.

Optional The wood is in preheated form used. The preheated Wood can promote the penetration of the melt into the cavities / pores, because the melt is in contact with gives less heat to the wood than at room temperature of the wood. Furthermore, the preheating cause the wood to dry.

The Plastification of the plastic can be done in different facilities respectively. Conceivable is a batchwise liquefaction, Preferably, for liquefaction the plastic provided a heated pressure vessel. The batchwise Operation allowed when using a single pressure vessel with a single chamber only an intermittent liquefaction process. With two containers let yourself but already represent a continuous liquefaction process. The same applies a single container with two melting chambers, which can be filled and emptied alternately. The Emptying the containers is preferably done by a pump. The pump does not just take care of it for a quick Emptying. The pump can also have a high pressure in the melt build up.

Preferably the plasticizing of the melt takes place in an extruder. in the Extruder can be easily control the melt temperature.

Provided a warm up of the wood desired the wood is heated in parallel elsewhere. To the warming the wood particles are mixed with the plastic, takes place the homogenization and densification described above.

The warming The wood particles can be single-stage or multi-stage. The warming The warming done before the touch with the plastic. Depending on the temperature of the supplied melt and the other Processing of the mixture and the associated temperature control can the wood through the supplied Melt and further processing a further warming or a cool down Experienced. The preheating of the wood amounts preferably at least 50 degrees Celsius, even more preferably at least 100 degrees Celsius and highest preferably at least 150 degrees Celsisus.

Optional is the multi-stage preheating of the Wood causes with different heaters. Each of the Heating systems can work continuously or discontinuously. A continuous heating system is for example a heating tape and / or a tunnel oven.

The Heating tape is a heated belt conveyor, on the wood particles warm up. The heating tape can also remove the wood particles under suitable heat radiators carried out become. Cheap is about to live in the heating tape to a loss of temperature to avoid. A tunnel kiln differs from the heating strip in that not the conveyor, but the enclosure with a heater is provided and / or that one Heating gas is passed through the enclosure. The heating temperature is chosen that each Risk of ignition / fire hazard for the Wood is avoided.

A discontinuous heating can in a container take place until the wood particle reaches the desired temperature to have. Optionally, the container becomes with a gaseous Heating medium flows through. Cheap are inert heating gases. Inert heating gases can with far higher temperature into the containers guided for example air, without any risk of fire.

To the desired warming The wood particle can be the container open and can the wood particles are removed from the container for mixing with the plastic.

For the mix and homogenization of wood and melt can use different mixers Find. This includes also kneader. Preferably, the mixers should work under pressure, the is required to the melt state at the inlet temperature to maintain in the mixer or to an operating temperature in the mixer / kneader to maintain, above the melting temperature under normal pressure lies.

If the preheating wholly or partly in an extruder or an extruder section (Module) takes place, so finds the mixture of plastic and wood preferably in a downstream further extruder or downstream Extruder section instead. Each extruder / extruder section is equipped with a Material feed port and with an exit for provided the recycled material. The material feed opening is located at one end of the extruder. From there, the material gets under desired treatment promoted to the material outlet at the other end of the extruder.

Preferably, the wood particles are fed into the feed opening of the extruder, in which the mixture is provided with the plastic. The plastic is preferably plasticized in a separate extruder and injected as a melt in the extruder intended for the mixture, as soon as sufficient pressure build-up in the abandoned wood has taken place. With simultaneous use of the extruder to heat the wood, the injection point is chosen so that the heating is sufficiently long to he the desired temperature pass.

For the extruder Different types are known.

It are single-screw extruders, twin-screw extruders and planetary roller extruders. The single-screw extruder has only one of a housing surrounded Slug. The twin-screw extruder has two parallel side by side arranged snails, which comb each other. The snails can turn in the same direction or in opposite directions be.

Either The single-screw extruder and the twin-screw extruder usually have multipartite Snails. In this case, a plurality of sleeves are in succession in the axial directions arranged outside wear the teeth and provided internally with a through hole are so they can be braced against each other with a tie rod. These Type allows twin screw extruder over a desired length than To form kneader.

Of the Planetary roller extruder has a centrally located central spindle, which is driven. Planet spindles are arranged around the central spindle. The planetary spindles comb with the central spindle.

The Planetary spindles are surrounded by an internally toothed housing.

The Combing planetary spindles with the internal teeth of the housing.

each Central spindle rotation causes a rotation of the planetary spindle. The planetary spindles run like planets around the central spindles.

The Different types are also used in combination. For example, can the primary extruder a tandem unit through a single-screw extruder or twin-screw extruder be formed while the secondary extruder a planetary roller extruder is. The primary extruder and the secondary extruder can be operated at different speeds. That has considerable Advantages.

The Combination of different extruder systems can also work in one single extruder done. Here are the combined Extruder systems in the one extruder extruder sections. These Sections can must match the process sections of the extruder, it must but not.

The Process sections are for separate processing of plastics in a separate extruder e.g. Drawing in the plastic, melting, Homogenizing / dispersing the separate melt.

The Process sections are in the processing of wood / wood particles in an extruder e.g. drawing in, injecting the melt, Mixing with melt, homogenizing the mixture, degassing and Cool the mixture at extrusion temperature.

The above processing steps of the wood / wood particles can also take place in two or more extruders arranged one behind the other. If two extruders are arranged behind each other from a tandem unit with a primary extruder and a secondary extruder spoken. For more consecutively arranged extruders spoken by a cascade plant.

The Tandem system and cascade systems are ideal for Degas the mixture. The mixture may be from the pager of the primary extruder in the arranged below the inlet opening of the secondary extruder fall.

Between the primary extruder and the secondary extruder can also be a sponsor, for example, a belt conveyor be provided. When using the conveyor, the mixture can on fall the sponsor and with the sponsor horizontally or inclined downwards or on a slope after promoted above become.

On the way from the primary extruder in the secondary extruder the degassing can take place. The degassing may be below ambient pressure occur. If the degassing should be strengthened, then can to be done by applying a negative pressure. This is the funding path from the primary extruder to secondary extruder enclosed.

Either in the tandem plant as well as in the cascade plant is the mixture transferred in a heat in an extrusion product, in particular an extrusion profile. The a heat closes an extensive cooling, in particular a cooling on Ambient temperature off. According to the invention, the extrusion product, before mixing ingredients such as water repellents in the mix can react. Furthermore learns the mixture before entering the last extruder of the processing line (for example, secondary extruder the tandem system) no hardening of the plastic. Otherwise, would the hardened Mixing particles in the secondary extruder be broken up again without being assured that the wood the particles at the fracture points sufficiently against moisture absorption is secured.

So far used in the manufacture of extruders consisting of housing sections / modules, be the case fastened together in a known manner with flanges, preferably with each other screwed.

at the same time becomes - as far as usually - a common Spindle used. For example, the screw settles out of the as a single screw extruder / sections trained area "refurbishment of the plastic "in designed as a planetary roller extruder / section area "cooling the Melt to extrusion temperature. "In the planetary roller extruder / section the common screw forms the central spindle.

The Use of a common screw for different extruder sections is for contemporary extruder relatively simple, because these snails are composed of pods that be penetrated by a common rod and with each other be tense. This construction also has other advantages.

The Extruder sections often form as well in the extruder housing from.

there become the housing sections braced at the ends with flanges to each other.

in the The following is spoken only by extruders, which includes both the combination with same or other extruders as well Section-wise combination of different extruder systems in an extruder. Likewise, the combination is included of extruder sections same system.

All contemporary extruder are equipped with a temperature control.

To the extruders are internally provided with a bush. The socket has Outside Channels, like grooves or like threads or like worm threads in the outer surface of the Bush are incorporated. The outside channels can be relatively easy machined by turning and milling incorporated.

The so edited channels become in the inside smooth housing bores used. Through the channels are optionally in the melt flow direction or against the melt flow direction coolant or heating medium pressed. Optionally, any desired heating sections and cooling sections can be used produce. By the spiraling of the channels, the heating medium or coolant particularly long and controlled on the housing wall or on the outer wall guided along the socket. This ensures extreme cooling or heating.

If it is a heating line or a cooling line, results from the respective procedure. It must the flowing medium either heat supplied or heat be withdrawn.

Theoretically could the channels also arranged on the housing inner surface be and can be Bushings on the outside smooth.

The Incorporation of the channels on the inside of the housing is much more complicated than the incorporation described above in the outer surface of the Rifle.

Otherwise it is It is advantageous to mount the bushes by shrinking in the extruder housing. The happens by heating of the extruder housing. By the warming learns the extruder housing an extension. In the state, the cold bush is in the bearing bore of the extruder housing pushed. In subsequent Cooling pulls the extruder housing together and encloses the socket firmly and closing, if the socket has a corresponding external dimension and the housing bore has a corresponding internal dimension.

A such situation arises when using a so-called press fit. In press fitting has the socket outside at least the exact same diameter or a slightly larger diameter like the extruder housing Inside.

The known press fits are designed so that after Shrinking by appropriate heating of the housing again a separation of the sleeve from the extruder housing is possible without it too damage the parts is coming. The separation is important, if necessary To rework toothing in the socket or the old socket against to replace a new one.

Preferably is for the preparation according to the invention a plastic / wood mixture provided an extruder that made different sections of different design, namely preferably a single screw module / section and one or more planetary roller modules.

there it is an advantage if the single-screw module is so long and heated is that the filled wood when leaving the Einschneckenmoduls the desired temperature reached Has. Advantageously, the Einschneckenmodul simultaneously causes a Pressure build-up in the wood, the leakage of the injected plastic melt in the direction of the task opening for the Wood is prevented.

It is also advantageous if the plasticized Plastic is added between the Einschneckenmodul and provided for the mixture of plastic and wood further extruder modules via a thrust ring or via an intermediate ring.

To belongs to each module or section a surrounding, usually tubular housing. This applies to modules or sections of each type. The enclosures are at each end with a collar (flange) provided. At the collar finds the attachment with the housings adjacent modules or sections and optionally with the housing of the usual held on an extruder gear instead. The transmission is part of the drive of the Extruder.

Of the to enter the liquid Plastic melt provided intermediate ring can be different Shapes have.

It can be a piece of pipe act, except for a small axial length with the housing of the Einschneckenmodul or section is comparable. Then own it also has collars at the ends, with which the attachment of the Intermediate ring on the housings the adjacent extruder modules or sections takes place.

Of the Intermediate ring is penetrated by the extruder screw / spindle. The extruder screw / spindle is in the range of Einschneckenmodul or the Einschneckenabschnitts a single screw, in the range of planetary roller modules a central spindle.

The Extruder screw / spindle is common formed in several parts. All parts have a sleeve shape with a toothing on the outside. The central hole is imbued with an anchor, which is the task has, all sleeves to tense each other.

in the Einschneckenmodul sets the extruder screw / spindle mostly from a variety of parts / sleeves together, the one on the outside wear different teeth to by shaping the screw threads on the compression or the treatment of the feed in Einschneckenmodul Influence too to take.

in the Planetary roller module is common a one-piece sleeve provided, which forms the central spindles and with the same Anchor is held, the sleeves of the single screw module.

Of the Anchor also extends through the intermediate ring described above for the Jetting. in the Intermediate ring is also provided on the anchor a sleeve. The sleeve can be outside the same or a different toothing as the single screw at the End wear. Optionally, the intermediate ring in the same way as the extruder modules / sections provided with a temperature, the cooling as required or heating allowed.

Of the Intermediate ring can also be mounted without a collar. Then the Intermediate ring between the collar of the adjacent housing, ie between the housing of the single screw module and the housing of the planetary roller module set. Subsequently become the two associated Collar by clamping screws or other clamping devices against each other braced.

Cheap, if an intermediate ring into a centering opening of the adjacent housing or collar engages or vice versa, the adjacent housing in a centering of the Intermediate ring grab. The centering hole can be opened by a turn at the frontal area the intermediate ring or the adjacent housing are formed. It can a small turn sufficient. Corresponds with the rotation a corresponding projection on the opposite one Strirnfläche.

For the supply of liquid Melt in the intermediate ring preferably several more uniformly on the circumference distributed entry holes provided. To the different entrance holes can lead individual lines. But it can also be a connection of the inlet holes by a Ring groove be given in the intermediate ring, by means of a lid is closed and over a common supply line with liquid Melt is fed.

The supply lines connect that for the liquefaction plastic extruder with the intermediate ring. It is advantageous, the supply lines to isolate and heat, so that no unwanted temperature drop in the melt enters or the melt even freezes.

Optional are in different feeders to the intermediate ring valves or orifices for adjusting the melt flow intended. The valves allow either an adjustment and influence on the melt stream during the Operation. This can be for equalization or for the production of Differences are used. In addition or instead of the valves can also be a change the melt flow through inserts can be achieved in the supply lines be positioned. The stakes can be provided in the intermediate ring.

Moreover, the melt supply by the speed of the plasticizing the art determined intended extruder.

Optional becomes the liquid Melting also at the end of the warm-up abandoned in the single screw module / section. Then the to Generation of liquid Melt provided extruder directly to the for heating of the Wood provided single-screw module / section connected.

Of the Connection is made optionally in that the for liquefaction provided extruder directly to the housing of the Einschneckenmoduls / section is flanged, or it is provided a supply line, the to the case of the Single screw module / section leads.

Of the flanged directly to the Einschneckenmodul and the production liquid Melting extruder may be referred to as a side-arm extruder become. This extruder may have the same design as the single screw module. However, it is also possible to use an extruder of a different design.

For entry the liquid Melt in the single screw module / section must pierced its housing become. In the process, the housing jacket, which is designed to be double-walled for temperature control, is drilled through. So that on the one hand the melt does not flow into the hollow jacket and on the other hand the tempering agent does not contaminate the melt can Flange attached, which projects with a collar in the hole and closes the hollow sheath again.

To the Entering the liquid Melt can also be drilled the adjacent planetary roller module.

Also there is a housing double jacket, which opened through the hole and must be closed again.

• aa) wobei die Bohrung im Bereich der zum Temperieren dienenden Kanäle eine ringförmige Erweiterung aufweist, so daß um das Zuführungsgehäuse herum ein ringförmiger Verbindungskanal für die zum Temperieren dienenden Kanäle entsteht oder
• bb) wobei die Bohrung bis in eine Nut reicht, die sich über den gesamten Umfang oder über einen Teil des Umfangs der im Gehäuse sitzenden Buchse erstreckt und deren Breite größer als der Durchmesser des Zuführungsgehäuses ist, so daß um das Zuführungsgehäuse herum ein Verbindungskanal für die dem Temperieren dienenden Kanäle entsteht oder
• cc) wobei ein Zuführungsgehäuse verwendet wird, das in die Buchse ragt, wobei das Zuführungsgehäuse im Bereich der dem Temperieren dienenden Kanäle mit mindestens einem Verbindungskanal für diese Kanäle versehen ist.

After DE 10356423 is achieved with a socket in that
the bore is passed through the housing and protrudes into the seated in the housing socket,
wherein the material supply projects with a feed housing into the bore
and

• aa) wherein the bore in the region of the temperature-controlling channels has an annular extension, so that around the feed housing around an annular connection channel for the temperature-serving channels is formed or
• bb) wherein the bore extends into a groove which extends over the entire circumference or over part of the circumference of the socket seated in the housing and whose width is greater than the diameter of the feed housing, so that around the feed housing around a connecting channel for the the tempering serving channels arises or
• cc) wherein a feed housing is used, which projects into the socket, wherein the feed housing is provided in the region of the tempering channels with at least one connecting channel for these channels.

advantageously, the connecting channel to cc) can be machined by milling or Turning outside incorporated into the feeder housing become.

Preferably is a feeder housing with several connecting channels provided so that each through the hole resulting break of a channel through a Connection channel has been lifted or bridged.

Yet further preferred is a feed housing with several connection channels, the one above the other lie. The individual connection channels can be considered side by side Grooves worked in the feed housing become. The channels can be outside on the Feed housing are.

Cheap is doing so when the one above the other lying connection channels a height own, which is smaller than the width. At the same time is the width chosen so large that the connecting channels nevertheless a sufficient cross-section for trouble-free forwarding has the tempering agent, preferably, the cross section equal. Cheap is when the height the connection channels so chosen that the total height the one above the other lying and not separated by a bridge connecting channels higher than the height or depth of the serving for tempering channels in the socket is. advantageously, can the superimposed ones channels with the feed housing in this Area outside enclosing Tube jacket to be closed. The outer tube jacket is then with inlet openings and outlet openings provided. Each inlet port is arranged so that they at the associated, is due to the described interruption channel end lies.

• dd) wobei die Bohrung gegenüber dem Zuführungsgehäuse vergrößert ist und wobei in dem Gehäuse ein Einsatz mit einer Öffnung oder einem Anschluß zur Aufnahme des Zuführungsgehäuses vorgesehen ist. Der Einsatz besitzt außen liegend oder innen liegend einen oder mehrere Verbindungskanäle, die wie die Verbindungskanäle unter cc) ausgebildet sind bzw. hergestellt werden.
• ee) wobei in der Bohrung ein Einsatz sitzt, an dem das Zuführungsgehäuse befestigt ist und der Einsatz außen liegend oder innen liegend oder innen liegend einen oder mehrere Verbindungskanäle besitzt, die wie die Verbindungskanäle unter cc) ausgebildet sind bzw. hergestellt werden.

Optionally, the connection channels have also been incorporated on an inner side of the feed housing and the connection channels are closed by an inner tube jacket. Nevertheless, through the inlet openings and outlet openings incorporated in the outside of the feed housing, connection channels are created.
or

• dd) wherein the bore is enlarged relative to the feed housing and wherein in the Housing an insert is provided with an opening or a terminal for receiving the feed housing. The insert has lying outside or inside lying one or more connecting channels, which are like the connecting channels under cc) are formed or produced.
• ee) wherein in the bore an insert is seated, on which the feed housing is fixed and the insert lying outside or lying inside or inside has one or more connecting channels, which are like the connecting channels under cc) are formed or produced.

The can be described above in the extruder housing penetrate seated bushing so far that it fits with the inner surface of the bushing completely or partially completes. Is the feeder housing the palm adapted to the socket and can completely with the inner surface complete the socket. This can also be applied to internally toothed bushings of an extruder housing Find. The adjustment is made by turning or milling or grinding respectively the adaptation to internally toothed housing bushing thereby achieved that in the housing wall a toothing is incorporated in the same way as in internal teeth in the extruder housing seated socket. Cheap is the application of spark erosion for gear cutting.

Otherwise applies for the Connection of the for the production of liquid Melting serving to the housing the planetary roller module the same as for the connection to the Screw module.

Of the Side arms extruder can have different designs.

It are single-screw extruders, twin-screw extruders and planetary roller extruders. The single screw extruder is the cheapest type of extruder, but also the extruder with the smallest construction.

at The use of a single screw extruder is intended to increase the slope of the Snail the desired one conveying action cause.

Of the Twin-screw extruder has two parallel juxtaposed and combing each other Snails. The twin-screw extruder is more expensive than a single-screw extruder. However, the twin-screw extruder has a much greater promotion effect as a single screw extruder. Nevertheless, the twin-screw extruder is still relatively cheap. In addition, builds the twin-screw extruder is still very small. Because of the high conveying action let yourself with the twin-screw extruder, make sure that the liquid melt is injected with the correct pressure in the planetary roller module.

Optional is for This side arm extruder also uses a planetary roller part. In the application can also be driven this planetary roller part so that the necessary pressure for injecting the liquid melt arises.

In The drawing are various embodiments of the invention shown.

1 shows an extruder for the production of mixtures of plastic and wood particles. The extruder has four sections. Three extruder sections are formed as planetary roller extruder sections, the fourth extruder section is formed as a single-screw extruder and is used for material feed.

There are with 5 the housing of the planetary roller extruder sections and the housing of the single-screw extruder section with 1 designated. Every case 5 has welded flanges 6 and 7 , which are bolted together in a form not shown. The housing 1 is with flanges 3 and 4 provided, like the flanges 6 and 7 serve the attachment. Every case 1 and 5 is lined inside with sockets.

Further are on the inside of the housing channels shown as needed with heating medium or coolant be charged.

The illustrated ends of the housing 5 are turned out at the back and each with a centering ring 11 and stop ring and wear ring 8th Mistake.

The thrust ring and wear ring 8th forms the sliding surface for planetary spindles 10 , The thrust ring and wear ring 8th has an inner diameter smaller than the designated rolling radius of the planetary spindles 10 is.

All extruder sections have a common spindle. This common spindle is in the range of planetary roller extruder sections with 9 and in the region of the feed-in Einschneckenextruderabschnittes with 19 designated.

The feedstock is formed in the embodiment by wood chips. The wood chips are passed through a funnel through an opening 2 metered. The wood chips are withdrawn in a manner not shown by means of suction air conveyor from a silo and fed into a filter arranged above the funnel and separated from the suction air. By means of a plug screw, not shown, the wood chips are pulled out of the filter into the hopper. In the funnel is a volume metric measurement of Amount of sawdust instead. In other embodiments, an additional gravimetric measurement or a gravimetric measurement alone is provided. Based on the measurement results, the suction air conveyor is regulated.

Of the first extruder section forms a feeder for the second extruder section. In the second extruder section is a metered addition and mixture with liquid Plastic melt and a compaction take place; in the third extruder section a homogenization of the mixture. In the last extruder section finds a cool the mixture at exit temperature instead. In the embodiment the wood has a share of 70Gew% and the plastic a share of 30Gew% of the mixture. There are additives such as paint and water repellents The plastic component has been added mathematically.

The processed melt occurs at the extruder tip 12 in an extrusion die, not shown, the opening of which is modeled on the cross section of a floorboard, so that by extruding the mixture, an endless strand with the cross section of a floorboard is formed. By not shown cutting the strand then arise floor planks with the appearance of a wooden plank.

In 2 is for introducing the liquid melt on the planetary roller part 5 a side arm extruder 20 intended.

The side arm extruder is designed as a twin-screw extruder. The twin-screw extruder consists of two counter-rotating screws. In the side arm extruder 20 are in an unrepresented form plastic granules, in the embodiment polyethylene (PE) granules filled, compressed and heated and formed on the way to a liquid melt. At the same time aggregates such as paint and water repellents have been abandoned with the PE granulate. In the melt, the surcharges find an advantageous distribution.

With the twin-screw extruder, the liquid melt can with considerable pressure in the planetary roller part 5 be sprayed. The liquid melt wets the wood particles on the surface and penetrates into the cavities / pores. In the subsequent compaction of the wood particles, the cavities / pores are reduced and closed by the melt, which remained open during the injection of the melt. The melt is applied at a temperature at which the melt remains liquid even if it has given off heat by the contact with the wood particles.

Between The various wood particles, the melt acts like an adhesive.

The housing of the side arm extruder 20 is multi-part. The headboard 21 sits as a feed housing in a bore of the housing of the planetary roller part 5 , The bore also penetrates the associated socket 22 and closes with the inner surface of the socket 22 from.

in the embodiment the side arm extruder is capable of producing very high insertion pressures.

In the embodiment of 1 will the in 4 illustrated planetary roller part 5 used immediately after the material feed or immediately after the filling part. In another embodiment, the planetary roller part 5 be used with the side arm extruder after the second planetary roller part as a third planetary roller part.

In further embodiments can enter each planetary roller part with a side arm extruder for entry from liquid Melt be provided.

In a further embodiment according to 3 that's enough 30 denoted extruder housing of the side arm extruder to the housing 30 of the planetary roller part 5 approach. The extruder housing 30 is with an insert 31 connected in a bore of the housing 5 sitting. The use 31 has on its outside two superimposed grooves 32 and 34 , Between two grooves 32 and 34 there is a footbridge 33 , These grooves form connecting channels. There are two connection channels provided because the housing with a socket 22 is lined and because the socket 22 on the outside and inside is provided with a toothing. The internal gear, not shown, serves to mesh with the rotating planetary spindles, which in 1 are shown. The external toothing forms channels for the tempering agent for the heating / cooling of the planetary roller part. The external toothing of the bush 22 is through the associated hole for use 31 interrupted in two places. Each link channel is destined for an interrupt and connects one interrupt end to the associated other interrupt end.

The benefits 32 and 34 are through an outer pipe jacket 35 closed so that no heating medium or coolant can enter or exit incorrectly.

In the exemplary embodiment is an inlet opening 37 the groove 34 shown. The inlet opening of the groove 32 lies at another, not shown place.

The outlet opening is in the embodiment on the diametrically opposite side, not shown, of the insert 31 ,

The embodiment according to 4 shows the use of an extruder for foam production. It is about an insert 40 which is in the extruder housing 5 sitting, liquid propellant pumped into the plastic melt.

In the area of the socket 41 an unillustrated insert is provided, depending on the application 3 differs in that only one connecting channel is provided.

The 5 to 7 show a further extruder with a planetary roller module with a housing 101 and a flanged side arm extruder.

Of the Planetary roller module has an extruder housing with an arranged therein Rifle. The housing is shrunk on the socket.

The Bush has outside milled channels for tempering agent for cooling or heating.

The channels run helically on the outer surface of the bush and are formed by milling. There are two different temperature control ranges are provided in the embodiment. The one area is through inflows and outflows 120 . 121 the other area by inflows and outflows 122 . 123 ,

The side arm extruder is a twin-screw extruder and consists of different parts. These include two juxtaposed snails 116 which mesh with each other and are driven by a motor. Between engine and screws 116 are a gearbox and a clutch 111 with a housing 115 intended.

In addition, the side arm extruder of a filling part and a 109 and an extrusion part 102 composed. The filling part 109 has an opening for a material supply, not shown.

The side arm extruder has in the extrusion part 102 a temperature-controlled housing.

The housing has a stepped end 104 with which it is in a bore 103 sitting, extending through the housing of the planetary roller part 101 and extends through the associated socket into the interior of the planetary roller module. The drilling requires in the area of inflow and outflow 122 . 123 a special guide provided for the tempering channels on the outside of the socket. There, the channels have been guided around the area of the bore, so that the environment of the bore is tempered.

additional possibility for tempering results in the environment by the tempered front end of the side arm extruder.

The bore leads through the above-described grading to a footprint 102 on the housing.

The 8th to 10 show in a further embodiment, a complete system for the production of mixtures of wood particles and plastic.

There is an extruder with a filling part 201 and two planetary roller parts 202 and 203 Application. The filling part 201 has the design of a single screw and corresponds in principle to the Einschneckenteil or Füllteil the 1 , The two planetary roller parts 202 and 203 correspond in principle to the planetary roller parts 5 and 10 of the 1 ,

The filling part 201 gets out of a funnel 205 fed with sawdust. The wood particles are drawn into the filler and slightly preheated.

The system also includes a laterally arranged extruder 204 , The laterally arranged extruder 204 is a single-screw extruder and serves to melt the plastic. The laterally arranged extruder injects the liquid melt between the filling part 201 and the planetary roller part 202 in the extruder.

Between the filling part 201 and the planetary roller part 202 an intermediate ring is provided. The intermediate ring is in 11 shown. In 11 are the housings of the filling part 201 With 211 and the housing of the planetary roller part 202 With 210 designated. The two opposite ends of the housing are equipped with a collar 214 and 213 Mistake. Between both collars is an intermediate ring 212 admitted. The intermediate ring 212 is embedded in centering holes on the end faces of the collar. The intermediate ring 212 has several evenly distributed around the circumference openings, which melt lines 216 from the extruder 204 to lead. The intermediate ring 212 is between the collar 211 and 213 braced. The tension is caused by tension screws, of which only one center line 215 is shown. The clamping screws penetrate both collars and cooperate with nuts.

After the confluence of liquid Melt and wood particles take place in the planetary roller part 202 the blending and homogenization and a densification take place. In the adjoining planetary roller part cooling takes place to a desired outlet temperature. In the embodiment, the temperature of the mixture is still so great that the mixture evaporates and loses unwanted moisture on the way.

After the exit and evaporation in the embodiment, a distribution of the mixture instead of several more extruder instead. This is a distribution facility 220 intended. The distribution facility 220 The mixture leads to three downstream single-screw extruders 221 . 222 and 223 , These single-screw extruders can be applied to the mixture individually or in a number or all together uniformly or differently. The aim is to have different or the same profile formats as required with the single-screw extruders 221 . 222 and 223 to extrude.

in the embodiment the distribution device is through a switch in the conveying path the mixture formed after leaving the extruder. With the switch can the promoted Amount of mixture redirected to certain single screw extruders or in two or three streams then the relevant single-screw extruders be forwarded.

Claims (23)

Preparations of mixtures of wood particles and / or other plant particles with plastic, in particular for the production of wood substitutes in an extruder, wherein the wood in the mixture has at least 60% by weight, preferably at least 65% by weight, characterized in that the plastic prior to mixing with the wood particles or plant particles are liquefied and then mixed with the wood particles or the plant particles and the mixture is homogenized and compacted. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that that this Cavity volume of the wood particles and / or plant particles by the compression by at least 20%, preferably by at least 40% compared to Starting volume is reduced. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized that the Mixture of wood particles and / or plant particles with the plastic done in a planetary roller extruder. Method according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized that the liquefied separately Plastic under pressure with the wood particles and / or plant particles led together becomes. Method according to claim 4, characterized in that that the liquefied Plastic sprayed against the wood particles and / or plant particles becomes. Method according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized that the Mixture is processed in a heat to profiles and / or that the wood particles and / or the plant particles are fed into an extruder and the liquefied plastic on the extruder housing and / or between extruder sections is entered. Method according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized that the Plastic liquefied batchwise and is entered by means of a pump in the extruder or the Plastic is liquefied in a side arm extruder. Method according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized that about wood and plastic additions with the plastic and / or be abandoned with the wood particles and / or plant particles. Method according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized that the Wood particles or plant particles should be preheated before mixing with the plastic. Method according to claim 9, characterized by a warm up the wood particles or plant particles to at least 50 degrees Celsius. A method according to claim 9 or 10, characterized by a preheating the wood particles or plant particles to at least 100 degrees Celsius. Method according to one of claims 9 to 11, characterized by a preheating the wood particles and plant particles to at least 150 degrees Celsius. Method according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized by the intake and / or the preheating of the wood particles and / or Plant particles in a single screw extruder or single screw module, the planetary roller part or planetary roller extruder for the mixture and compaction is upstream. Method according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized by the use of an extruder with a single-screw filling part and downstream planetary roller parts, wherein the liquid plastic melt is produced in a laterally arranged separate extruder and wherein the melt at least partially a) between the Einschneckenenteil and the Planetwalzenteil is placed in the extruder and / or b) is placed in the single-screw part at the end of the single-screw part and / or c) is placed in the planetary roller part at the beginning of the planetary roller part arranged downstream of the single-screw part. A method according to claim 14, characterized by the use of an intermediate ring between the filling part and the planetary roller part, wherein the liquid melt at the intermediate ring is registered. A method according to claim 15, characterized by the use of an intermediate ring, a) the housings of the Einfüllteiles and / or the planetary part is modeled and has collar, with those of the intermediate ring on the adjacent collar of the filler and attached to the adjacent collar of the planetary part or b) the only held thereby between the planetary part and the filler is that the adjacent collar of the planetary part with the adjacent collar of the Einfüllteiles is tense. A method according to claim 15 or 16, characterized by the use of an intermediate ring, which in a centering hole in the adjacent end face of the filling part or vice versa, the planetary roller part and the single-screw part in a centering hole at the frontal area grab the intermediate ring. A method according to claim 6, characterized by a) Use of a side arm extruder for the melting of plastic, at the end of the filling part or flange-mounted at the beginning of the planetary roller part or on the intermediate ring is or b) Use of a side arm extruder for reflow from plastic, over a melt line with the end of the filler or over the melt line with the beginning of the planetary part or via the melt line with connected to the intermediate ring. A method according to claim 18, characterized by the use of a twin-screw extruder or twin-screw extruder part or single-screw extruder or single-screw part as side-arm extruder for the Melting of the plastic. A method according to claim 18 or 19, characterized by preparing the mixture in a planetary roller extruder or in an extruder with planetary roller part, the wood particles or plant particles are preheated in an upstream filling part and wherein plastic melt is produced in a side-arm extruder becomes, being for the side arm extruder a hole through the extruder housing and protrudes into the socket of the planetary roller part seated therein, in which into the bore a feeder housing or pipe or insert protrudes and the bore in the area of for the tempering agent provided channels has an extension, so that between the projecting into the bore feed housing or pipe or insert and the inner wall of the bore is a distance, which forms a cavity and that the cavity previously through the bore or the feed housing or Pipe or insert connecting interrupted coolant channels or Heizmittelkanäle connects. A method according to claim 20, characterized by the use of an extruder housing, the at the in the extruder housing seated inside toothed bushing in the area of the channels for the tempering agent has a groove which extends around the circumference of the socket over the entire circumference or over one Part of the circumference extends and whose width is greater as the diameter of the feed housing or the diameter of the material supply pipe serving or insert A method according to claim 21, characterized by the use of an extruder housing With an internal socket, the outside with channels for a tempering is provided, and with a housing for the supply of melt penetrating Drilling, in the penetration area an insert is provided, the at least one connecting channel for the passage of Temperierungsmittel has certain channels. A method according to claim 22, characterized by the use of an extruder housing with an inner sleeve, which is externally provided with channels for a tempering is, and a connection hole for one Side arm extruder, wherein the channels for the temperature control to the connection hole guided around is.