DE102019114470A1 - Embankment structure - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an embankment structure (1) with layers (2) of earth, each having an air-side closing element (3) which are connected to back anchors (4) directed into the earth, with a facing shell arranged in front of the closing elements (3) on the air side is, wherein at least parts of the facing shell are connected to closing elements (3), the closing elements (3) being angled steel grids, wherein closing elements (3) are connected to one another in each case adjacent layers (2) of earth arranged one above the other, with outer legs (3.1) of angled steel grids serving as closing elements (3) form an earth-side facing shell boundary, an air-side wire grating (5) connected to the outer legs (3.1) forming an air-side facing shell boundary, the outer legs (3.1) and the air-side wire grating (5) each having one Form a continuous surface over several layers (2) so that between the dur A gabion-like construction extending over several layers (2) is formed on the common surface and the wire mesh (5), the outer legs (3.1) and inner legs (3.2) of a terminating element (3) each being separate steel grids, each of which is at least at its junction Have eyelets.

Description

The invention relates to an embankment structure according to the preamble of claim 1.

In the prior art, various embankment structures with layers of earth, each having an air-side closing element, which are connected to back anchors directed into the earth, are known. Such embankment structures are built according to a system called plastic-reinforced soil, which is understood to be a composite body made of soil and reinforcement. Steel or plastic rods, friction strips, mats or grids made of geosynthetic material are preferably used as reinforcement, which are preferably arranged horizontally.

After DE 200 11 791 U1 an embankment structure with plastic-reinforced soil is known in which the earth-side area of the embankment is made up of horizontal layers, between which geosynthetic reinforcements, also known as geosynthetic reinforcement, are arranged. Angled steel mats serving as permanent formwork are arranged. The arrangement of back-anchored geosynthetics results in good stability and good greening for this embankment structure.

Out WO 2000/031350 A1 and WO 2000/022242 A1 Embankment structures with layers of earth are known, with a gabion construction as a facing wall being arranged as a facing wall. In these known embankment structures, a closing element is arranged for each layer of earth, which is formed from angled reinforcement mats such that a single closed gabion is formed on each closing element on the air side. These known embankment structures thus have a large number of separate gabions stacked one on top of the other, a gabion being provided for each layer of earth.

Out EP 2 206 836 B1 a generic embankment structure is known. This embankment structure comprises a statically effective area made of plastic-reinforced soil, also known as KBE, as well as a facing facing, which can be revised and has a gabion-like appearance.

The invention is based on the object of specifying an improved embankment structure.

According to the invention, the object is achieved with an embankment structure which has the features specified in claim 1.

The dependent claims relate to advantageous configurations.

An embankment structure has layers of earth, each of which has an air-side closing element, which are connected to back anchors directed into the earth, a facing shell being arranged in front of the closing elements on the air side, with at least parts of the facing shell being connected to closing elements, the closing elements being angled steel grids are. Closing elements are connected to each other adjacent layers of soil arranged one above the other, with outer legs of angled steel grids serving as closing elements forming an earth-side facing shell boundary, an air-side wire grid connected to the outer legs forming an air-side facing shell boundary, the outer legs and the air-side wire mesh each Form a surface that is continuous over several layers, so that a gabion-like construction extending over several layers is formed between the continuous surface and the wire mesh. Here, the outer legs and inner legs of a terminating element are each separate steel grids which each have eyelets at least at their connection point.

The wire mesh is also made of welded and optionally galvanized steel mesh according to the respective static requirements.

As a result, the static construction of the embankment structure of the generic type is additionally statically secured by the facing shell so that the safety level of the embankment structure according to the invention is increased compared to conventional embankment structures of the generic type. Particularly advantageous is the very attractive appearance that can be created with a face wall in front of it, which corresponds to the appearance of a very complex gabion construction, while the actual construction is a construction made very simply according to the system of reinforced earth. It is also particularly advantageous that the facing shell can be repaired, removed and designed, since it is not part of the static construction of the embankment structure. In contrast to the prior art, in which the closing elements are made from angled reinforcement mats, i.e. from prefabricated elements, the closing elements of the embankment structure according to the invention are prefabricated as welded steel grids depending on the static requirements and thus save material. The steel grids are preferably protected against corrosion, for example galvanized.

Because the outer legs and inner legs of a terminating element are each separate steel grids, which each have eyelets at least at their connection point, slope structures with different inclinations can be produced in a simple manner.

The closing elements are part of the facing shell. This reduces the effort and costs involved in erecting the facing shell.

The angled steel grids designed as closing elements according to the invention are particularly inexpensive and can be produced with individual cross-sections and geometries. The steel grids are particularly preferably galvanized so that they are permanently corrosion-resistant.

One embodiment of the invention provides that a closing element comprises a number of spacers, the air-side ends of which are each connected to the outer leg and the earth-side ends of which are each connected to the inner leg. As a result, not only can the outer legs be inclined relative to the inner legs, which are usually arranged horizontally, but the outer legs can be fastened to the inner legs in a simple manner.

Preferably, at least some of the spacers are fastened with an air-side end on the outer leg between its upper end and its lower end, for example hooked with an initially open hook. After hooking in, the hook can be bent further and thereby closed, so that unintentional later unhooking is prevented.

A number of first spacers and a number of second spacers are particularly preferably provided, the first spacers having a shorter length than the second spacers. As a result, an outer limb can be fixed at different heights within a layer, so that an outer limb does not tend to bulge even with comparatively small dimensions. This saves material compared to the prior art. In this way, outer legs can preferably be fixed in each case approximately in their third points. It is also possible to provide a number of further spacers with a further length.

Another embodiment of the embankment structure according to the invention provides that a lower end of an outer leg, i.e. its lower edge, and an air-side end of an inner leg, ie its air-side edge, each have a number of closed eyelets. As a result, an outer leg can be connected to its corresponding inner leg in a particularly simple manner, for example by inserting a horizontal plug-in rod which is preferably made of steel and particularly preferably galvanized or otherwise protected against corrosion. The eyes are preferably arranged at the ends of all longitudinal bars. The eyelets are preferably particularly secure against unintentional bending open, in that a rod end which is bent by more than 180 ° to form an eyelet is welded.

An embodiment of the embankment structure according to the invention provides as a further option that a mat is arranged between the outer legs and the wire mesh. It has surprisingly been found that such an embankment structure has particularly good sound-insulating and / or sound-absorbing properties.

The mat is preferably arranged adjacent to the outer legs, so that the mat is not visually recognizable, so that the high-quality appearance of the embankment structure is not impaired.

The mat is preferably formed from a sound-absorbing and / or sound-absorbing material. The mat can be formed from a mineral substance or from a polymer material, for example from polyester fibers, that is to say particularly durable and inexpensive. The mat can be flexible or rigid, depending on requirements; it is also possible for the mat to be formed from layers of different materials.

Another embodiment of the embankment structure according to the invention provides that the air-side wire mesh is fastened to the outer legs by means of a plurality of spacers, one earth-side end of a spacer being connected to an air-side end of a spacer. The majority, for example the total number of spacers, is particularly preferably connected on the earth side to a respective corresponding spacer. In this way, unwanted bulging of both the outer legs and the wire mesh can be prevented in a simple manner, so that both the outer legs and the wire mesh can be dimensioned smaller and therefore more cost-effective than in the prior art.

The connected ends of both the spacers and the respectively corresponding spacers are preferably open hooks. As a result, the ends can be connected to one another very easily, for example indirectly, by inserting these two ends into one and the same transverse rod of an outer leg, that is to say into a horizontal rod of the relevant Steel grids are hooked and then optionally further bent over and thereby closed so that they, like the eyelets, cannot be unhooked unintentionally.

It is preferably provided that closing elements are connected to one another adjacent layers of earth arranged one above the other, with an upper edge of an upright leg of an angled steel grating being preferably connected to a lower edge of an upright leg of an angled steel grating of a next higher layer, preferably by means of each closed Eyelets into which a horizontal rod is inserted.

An angled steel lattice has an inner leg, which is preferably to be laid essentially horizontally, and an upright outer leg connected to it. According to the invention, the inner and outer legs are each separate steel grids. An upright outer leg should be understood to mean not only a vertical leg but also a leg that is angled relative to the inner leg. This makes it possible in a simple manner to first create a shell boundary on the ground side, namely particularly preferably a closed, flat grille, so that a gabion-like construction can be produced as a facing shell after a further flat grille has been erected as a facing shell boundary on the air side. This gabion-like construction is a veneer shell in which individual closed cages, each usually referred to as gabions, are not stacked or used in any other way, but in which stones are filled between two spaced-apart boundaries. Such cladding boundaries are welded steel grids whose bar spacing and / or mesh size is smaller than the diameter of the stones to be filled, an air-side steel grid with the help of spacers preferably being arranged parallel to a rear facing boundary. A floor grille is arranged at the foot; A side border is arranged on the lateral, vertical edges so that a veneer shell is formed into which suitable stones can be poured from above.

Another embodiment of the invention provides that the closing element of each layer has an anchoring back, as a result of which a particularly safe and / or particularly steep slope structure can be erected.

The layers of earth and thus the back anchors running between them are preferably arranged essentially horizontally. The connection between the back anchoring and the corresponding end element is made in that the inner leg of angled steel grids serving as end elements is placed on an air-side edge of a geosynthetic material serving as back anchoring, so that as a result of the load of one or more layers of soil arranged over the overlap area formed in this way, a force-fit Connection is created. The use of geosynthetics as back anchors is a particularly efficient and inexpensive embodiment of the invention, since geosynthetics are particularly easy to lay. Alternatively or additionally, gabion grids can be used as back anchoring.

The visual appearance of an embankment structure according to the invention is particularly appealing; Such an embankment structure gives the impression of particularly high quality, since embankment structures usually erected by means of gabions are produced as gravity walls, for which, according to the state of the art, particularly large, ie particularly deep, gabions would be required.

The invention provides that an air-side wire mesh connected to the outer legs forms an air-side facing shell delimitation. This air-side wire mesh is particularly preferably protected against corrosion, for example galvanized or provided with an aluminum-zinc coating, so that the construction in front of it is corrosion-resistant and therefore particularly durable.

A further embodiment of the invention provides that a blinding layer is arranged underneath the facing layer at the foot of the embankment, as a result of which it is particularly easy to manufacture and particularly easy to align. A replacement floor is preferably arranged below the blinding layer.

A further embodiment of the invention provides that a wind or noise protection fence and / or a wall formed from conventional gabions is arranged on the top of the embankment. As a result, the structural effort can be significantly reduced compared to a conventional embankment structure with the same sound absorption.

The invention is explained in more detail below on the basis of exemplary embodiments.

• 1 eine Schnittdarstellung eines Böschungsbauwerks nach dem Stand der Technik,
• 2 eine ausschnittsweise Vergrößerung einer ersten Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Böschungsbauwerks,
• 3 einen separierten Ausschnitt aus vorgenannter Vergrößerung,
• 4 eine zugehörige Darstellung von Konstruktionselementen aus vorgenanntem Ausschnitt und
• 5 eine zugehörige Explosionsdarstellung.

To show:

• 1 a sectional view of an embankment structure according to the prior art,
• 2 an enlargement of a section of a first embodiment of an embankment structure according to the invention,
• 3 a separated section from the aforementioned enlargement,
• 4th an associated representation of construction elements from the aforementioned section and
• 5 an associated exploded view.

1 shows an embankment structure 1 according to the state of the art in sectional view. In a known manner, an embankment is built according to the reinforced earth system, with well compactable earth material in several layers 2 piled on top of each other and compacted in layers. The height of the embankment structure 1 is a little more than 5 m. On the air side of the embankment shown on the left 1 are finishing elements 3 arranged, each with a closing element 3 two layers 2 from the ground on the air side. The finishing elements 3 are each formed from angled reinforcement mesh. An angled reinforcement mat has an inner, horizontally laid leg 3.2 and an erect outer thigh 3.1 on. The inner, horizontally laid legs 3.2 are each with back anchors directed into the earth 4th , which is formed from a geosynthetic. The height of a finishing element 3 corresponds to the thickness of two layers 2 of earth; between two layers 2 is a back anchor 4th arranged.

In front of the embankment built according to the reinforced earth system is a gabion-like construction as a facing A. arranged so that the embankment structure 1 has a very appealing appearance, which corresponds to the appearance of a very complex gabion construction, whereby the actual construction is a reinforced earth system but a very simple and therefore more cost-effective construction than a pure gabion construction with the same appearance. An area made of plastic-reinforced soil B. forms the statically effective area of the embankment structure 1 and a layer of compacted soil area shown on the right C. is not reinforced.

The facing shell A. can also be repaired, removed and redesigned later as it is not part of the statically required construction of the embankment structure 1 , namely the plastic-reinforced earth B. , is.

At the base of the embankment there is a blinding layer below the exposed wall 8th made of lean concrete, under which a replacement floor 9 is arranged. Blinding layer 8th and exchange floor 9 are statically dimensioned in such a way that no uncritical loads and / or deformations resulting from the load on the exposed wall are to be expected.

On the top of the embankment structure 1 is an optional windbreak fence 10 arranged. As a result, in addition to reducing wind damage in the area of the slope crown, additional sound absorption can be achieved.

2 to 5 show details of the same embodiment of an embankment structure according to the invention 1 .

At the in 2 The shown partial enlargement of the embodiment of an embankment structure according to the invention is the facing shell designed as a gabion-like construction A. shown. Outer thighs 3.1 as finishing elements 3 Serving angled steel grids form an earth-side facing shell boundary and one with the outer legs 3.1 connected air-side wire mesh 5 forms an air-side facing shell limitation. Between the outer thighs 3.1 and the wire mesh 5 are stones 7th filled in, creating a gabion-like construction.

The legs made of steel mesh 3.1 and 3.2 as well as the elements of the wire mesh, also made of steel mesh 5 are dimensioned and manufactured according to a static requirement, i.e. welded and optionally protected against corrosion, e.g. galvanized or provided with an aluminum-zinc coating. In particular, the distances between the respective groups of preferably parallel rods are to be filled in according to the respective static requirement and the intended minimum grain size 7th elected.

Every finishing element 3 includes next to an outer leg 3.1 also an inner leg 3.2 . An outer leg 3.1 and a corresponding inner leg 3.2 are each separate steel grids, which at least at their connection point each have eyelets for connecting to one another. Every outer leg 3.1 is a steel lattice made up of upright bars and horizontal bars welded to them. The upright rods are bent over by more than 180 ° at the top and bottom and therefore each have a closed loop at the top and bottom for connection, optionally fixed by spot welding. The connecting element used for this is later in the 3 , 4th and 5 shown.

For connecting and fixing the position of the outer legs 3.1 with the corresponding inner legs 3.2 are first spacers 3.3.1 and a slightly longer second spacer 3.3.2 arranged, the ends of which each with an outer leg 3.1 and an inner leg 3.2 are connected, so that when introducing and especially when compacting the location 2 of earth the fixing of the position of the outer legs 3.1 remains unchanged.

The finishing elements 3 layers arranged one above the other 2 of earth are connected to each other by adding an upper edge of an upright leg 3.1 by means of an eyelet with the lower edge of an upright leg 3.1 the next higher position 2 connected is. The lower edge also has eyelets for this purpose. The connections formed in this way are also referred to as coupling and are particularly strong. The connecting element used for this is later in the 3 , 4th and 5 shown.

Through a multitude of outer legs 3.1 a closed grid is formed as an earth-side facing shell boundary, to which the wire grid 5 is arranged preferably running parallel at a distance of about 25 cm to 30 cm. It is also possible that this distance is less than 25 cm or greater than 30 cm. The angle of inclination here is more than 80 °, for example 87 °. The angle of inclination can alternatively also be less than 80 °. It is also possible that this comes from the outer thighs 3.1 The closed grid formed is flat, and because of the coupling produced by eyelets, it is also possible for the outer legs to have different inclinations in layers 3.1 are provided.

The air-side wire mesh 5 is by means of a variety of spacers 6th on the outer thighs 3.1 attached. The distance between the spacers 6th under each other taking into account the dimensioning of the air-side wire grille 5 chosen so that this occurs when filling stones 7th not bulging in a noticeable manner.

Every outer leg 3.1 is held in its height approximately in its third points by an air-side end of the first spacer 3.3.1 and the second spacer 3.3.2 is hooked into horizontal bars of the steel grid from which the outer leg 3.1 is formed.

In the same horizontal bar of the outer leg 3.1 into which the air side end of the first spacer 3.3.1 is hooked, is also an earth-side end of a spacer 6th hooked. In the same horizontal bar of the outer leg 3.1 into which the air-side end of the second spacer 3.3.2 is hooked, is also an earth-side end of a spacer 6th hooked. This is an optimal introduction of a tensile force from the spacers 6th via the spacers 3.3.1 and 3.3.2 in the inner thigh 3.2 allows which of the load of the layers 2 of compacted soil is subject. As a result, the entire construction can be dimensioned comparatively small, which is particularly cost-saving. It is therefore advantageous that the tensile force from the spacer 6th directly into a spacer 3.3.1 or 3.3.2 is initiated; A spacer is preferred in a plan view (not shown) 6th immediately next to its corresponding spacer 3.3.1 or 3.3.2 arranged and in the same horizontal bar of the outer leg 3.1 hooked.

Inside the outer thigh 3.1 is an optional fleece over its entire height 11 arranged, which prevents fines from the layers 2 washed out by earth. Each fleece is for this purpose 11 in each case also above each inner leg 3.2 hung up.

Between the outer thighs 3.1 and the wire mesh 5 is a polyester fiber insulation board as a mat 12th arranged. The embankment structure 1 thus has particularly good sound-absorbing and / or sound-absorbing properties, and because of the flexibility of the mat 12th the wire mesh 5 a particularly low tendency to unwanted bulging. The mat 12th is on the outer thighs 3.1 arranged adjacent so that it is not visually recognizable. This gives the embankment structure the appearance of high quality 1 not affected.

3 shows an enlargement of a section of the in 2 shown construction, shown here are two layers 2 of 25 cm each, each as a bulk layer, this filling floor was installed in layers and compacted to a Proctor density of at least 103%.

As an anchorage 4th geosynthetic reinforcement is arranged, the layer spacing is 50 cm, i.e. twice the thickness of a layer 2 . The length of a return envelope of the back anchorage 4th is 1.5 m.

The fleece 11 is between the thighs 3.1 and 3.2 on the one hand and as a back anchor 4th serving geosynthetic reinforcement arranged.

The wire mesh 5 is made of comparatively close-meshed steel grids, so that stones are filled in 7th smaller dimensions can also be filled. The stones 7th have a smallest grain size, which is about 1.2 times the smallest rod spacing of the wire mesh 5 corresponds. As stones 7th can be lava or broken mineral grain or Recycled material can be used. The wire mesh shown 5 is a one-piece, angled steel grille, the upright leg of which has a smaller mesh size of 50 mm / 100 mm than its horizontal leg, for example 100 mm / 100 mm. Thereby are stones 7th held on the front, but can be filled from top to bottom. The stones are preferably filled 7th in layers by pouring in from above depending on the construction progress of the installation of the elements of the wire mesh 5 . The horizontal leg of the wire mesh 5 has eyelets on the earth side, for which the ends of the rods concerned were bent by more than 180 ° and spot-welded at a crossing point. With these eyelets is the wire mesh 5 with similarly formed eyelets on the legs 3.1 and 3.1 connectable; A plug-in rod is used as a connecting element 13 used.

The mat 12th is installed in layers before the stones 7th be filled. The spacers 6th can use the mat 12th penetrate or be arranged in areas of impacts thereof.

4th and 5 show the metal elements of the in 3 illustrated construction, where 4th shows these elements in the assembled state and 5 is an exploded view. The lower eyelets of the outer legs 3.1 , the air-side eyelets of the inner legs 3.2 and the earth-side eyelets of the wire mesh 5 are by means of a plug-in rod inserted into each of the eyelets mentioned 13 connected with each other. Preferably, the upper end of the upright leg of the wire mesh has 5 no eyelets, but an overhang Ü over the next higher element. The protrusion Ü is preferably 2 to 5 cm. It is particularly advantageous that vertical mobility between wire grids arranged one above the other 5 is possible, which would not be possible with a coupling by means of eyelets. An optional attachment of adjacent wire mesh 5 , so a vertical connection of the same, which allows vertical displacement, can be done by means of a spiral.

List of reference symbols

1

Embankment structure

2

location

3

Finishing element

3.1

outer thigh

3.2

inner thigh

3.3.1

first spacer

3.3.2

second spacer

4th

Back anchoring

5

Wire mesh

6th

Spacers

7th

Stones

8th

Blinding layer

9

Exchange floor

10

Windbreak fence

11

fleece

12

mat

13

Plug rod

A.

Facing shell

B.

plastic reinforced earth

C.

Earth area

QUOTES INCLUDED IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Patent literature cited

• DE 20011791 U1 [0003]
• WO 2000/031350 A1 [0004]
• WO 2000/022242 A1 [0004]
• EP 2206836 B1 [0005]

Claims (10)

Embankment structure (1) with layers (2) of earth, each of which has an air-side closing element (3) which are connected to back anchors (4) directed into the earth, a facing shell being arranged on the air side in front of the closing elements (3), with at least Parts of the facing shell are connected to closing elements (3), the closing elements (3) being angled steel grids, closing elements (3) are connected to each other adjacent layers (2) of soil arranged one above the other, with outer legs (3.1) of angled steel grids serving as closing elements (3) forming an earth-side facing shell boundary, with an air-side connected to the outer legs (3.1) Wire mesh (5) forms a cladding border on the air side, the outer legs (3.1) and the air-side wire mesh (5) each forming a surface that is continuous over several layers (2), so that a gabion-like construction extending over several layers (2) is formed between the continuous surface and the wire mesh (5) , wherein outer legs (3.1) and inner legs (3.2) of a closing element (3) are each separate steel grids which each have eyelets at least at their connection point. Embankment structure (1) after Claim 1 , characterized in that a closure element (3) comprises a number of spacers (3.3.1, 3.3.2), the ends of which are each connected to the outer leg (3.1) and the inner leg (3.2). Embankment structure (1) after Claim 2 , characterized in that a number of first spacers (3.3.1) and a number of second spacers (3.3.2) are provided, the first spacers (3.3.1) having a shorter length than the second spacers (3.3.2). Embankment structure (1) after Claim 2 or 3 , characterized in that at least some of the spacers (3.3.1, 3.3.2) are fastened with an air-side end on the outer leg (3.1) between its upper end and its lower end. Embankment structure (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a lower end of an outer leg (3.1) and an air-side end of an inner leg (3.2) each have a number of closed eyelets. Embankment structure (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an upper end of an outer leg (3.1) has a number of closed eyes. Embankment structure (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a mat (12) is arranged between the outer legs (3.1) and the wire mesh (5). Embankment structure (1) after Claim 7 , characterized in that the mat (12) is a sound-absorbing and / or sound-insulating mat, in particular a polyester fiber insulation board. Embankment structure (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the air-side wire mesh (5) is fastened to the outer legs (3.1) by means of a plurality of spacers (6), one earth-side end of a spacer (6) having an air-side End of a spacer (3.3.1, 3.3.2) is connected. Embankment structure (1) after Claim 9 , characterized in that the ends are open hooks.

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