DE102019114470B4 - embankment structure - Google Patents

Abstract

Embankment structure (1) with layers (2) of earth, each of which has an air-side end element (3), which are connected to back anchors (4) directed into the earth, with an attachment shell being arranged on the air side in front of the end elements (3), at least Parts of the facing shell are connected to end elements (3), the end elements (3) being angled steel grids, the end elements (3) each being connected to one another adjacent layers (2) of earth arranged one above the other, with outer legs (3.1) being used as end elements ( 3) serving angled steel grids form an earth-side attachment shell boundary, with an air-side wire mesh (5) connected to the outer legs (3.1) forming an air-side attachment shell boundary, the outer legs (3.1) and the air-side wire mesh (5) each being one over several layers ( 2) form a continuous surface, so that a gabion-like construction extending over several layers (2) is formed between the continuous surface and the wire mesh (5), with outer legs (3.1) and inner legs (3.2) of a closing element (3) each being separate Steel grids, which each have eyelets at least at their connection point, characterized in that a sound-absorbing and / or sound-damping mat (12) is arranged between the outer legs (3.1) and the wire grid (5), the mat (12) being attached to the outer legs (3.1) is arranged adjacently.

Description

The invention relates to an embankment structure according to the preamble of claim 1.

Various embankment structures with layers of earth, each of which has an air-side end element, which are connected to back anchors directed into the earth, are known in the prior art. Such embankment structures are built according to a system known as plastic-reinforced soil, which is understood to be a composite body made of soil and reinforcement. The preferred reinforcement used is steel or plastic rods, friction bands, mats or grids made of geosynthetics, which are preferably arranged horizontally.

After DE 200 11 791 Ul is an embankment structure with plastic-reinforced earth, in which the earth-side area of the embankment is made up of horizontal layers, between which reinforcements made of geosynthetics, also known as geosynthetic reinforcements, are arranged. Angled steel mats serving as permanent formwork are arranged. The arrangement of anchored geosynthetics results in good stability and good green cover for this embankment structure.

Out of WO 2000/031350 A1 and WO 2000/022242 A1 Embankment structures with layers of earth are known, with a gabion construction being arranged as a facing wall as a visible wall. In these known embankment structures, a closing element is arranged for each layer of earth, which is formed from angled reinforcement mats in such a way that a single, closed gabion is formed on the air side on each closing element. These well-known embankment structures therefore have a large number of separate gabions stacked one on top of the other, with one gabion being provided for each layer of soil.

Out of EP 2 206 836 B1 A generic embankment structure is known. This embankment structure includes a statically effective area made of plastic-reinforced earth, also known as KBE, as well as a cladding shell in front, which can be revised and has a gabion-like appearance.

The invention is based on the object of specifying an improved embankment structure.

According to the invention, the object is achieved with an embankment structure which has the features specified in claim 1.

Advantageous refinements are the subject of the dependent claims.

An embankment structure has layers of earth material, each of which has an air-side end element, which are connected to back anchors directed into the earth material, with a veneer shell being arranged on the air side in front of the end elements, with at least parts of the veneer shell being connected to end elements, the end elements being angled steel grids are. In this case, closing elements of adjacent layers of earth material arranged one above the other are connected to one another, with outer legs of angled steel grids serving as closing elements forming an earth-side attachment shell boundary, with an air-side wire mesh connected to the outer legs forming an air-side attachment shell boundary, the outer legs and the air-side wire mesh each form a continuous surface over several layers, so that a gabion-like construction extending over several layers is formed between the continuous surface and the wire mesh. The outer legs and inner legs of a closing element are each separate steel grids, each of which has eyelets at least at their connection point.

The wire mesh is also made from welded and optionally galvanized steel mesh according to the respective static requirements.

As a result, the static construction of the generic embankment structure is additionally secured by the front facing shell, so that the safety level of the embankment structure according to the invention is increased compared to conventional generic embankment structures. A particularly advantageous feature is the very attractive appearance that can be created with a front exposed wall, which corresponds to the appearance of a very complex gabion construction, while the actual construction is a very simple construction made using the reinforced earth system. Another particularly advantageous feature is that the front facing shell can be repaired, removed and designed, as it is not part of the static construction of the embankment structure. In contrast to the prior art, in which the end elements are made from angled reinforcement mats, i.e. from prefabricated elements, the end elements of the embankment structure according to the invention are prefabricated as welded steel grids depending on the static requirements, thus saving material. The steel grids are preferably corrosion-protected, for example galvanized.

Because the outer legs and inner legs of a closing element are each separate steel grids, each of which has eyelets at least at their connection point, embankment structures with different inclinations can be produced in a simple manner.

The end elements are part of the facing shell. This reduces the effort and costs involved in erecting the facing shell.

The angled steel grids designed according to the invention as end elements are particularly cost-effective and can be produced with individual cross sections and geometries. The steel grids are particularly preferably galvanized so that they are permanently corrosion-resistant.

One embodiment of the invention provides that a closing element comprises a number of spacers, the air-side ends of which are each connected to the outer leg and the earth-side ends of which are each connected to the inner leg. This means that not only can the inclination of the outer legs be adjusted relative to the usually horizontally arranged inner legs, but the outer legs can be easily attached to the inner legs.

Preferably, at least some of the spacers are attached with an air-side end to the outer leg between its upper end and its lower end, for example hooked with an initially open hook. After hooking in, the hook can be bent further and thus closed, so that unwanted unhooking later is prevented.

Particularly preferably, a number of first spacers and a number of second spacers are provided, with the first spacers having a shorter length than the second spacers. This means that one outer leg can be fixed at different heights within a layer, so that an outer leg does not tend to bulge, even with comparatively small dimensions. This saves material compared to the prior art. In this way, outer legs can preferably be fixed approximately at their third points. It is also possible to provide a number of further spacers with a further length.

A further embodiment of the embankment structure according to the invention provides that a lower end of an outer leg, i.e. its lower edge, and an air-side end of an inner leg, i.e. its air-side edge, each have a number of closed eyelets. This makes it particularly easy to connect an outer leg to its corresponding inner leg, for example by inserting a horizontal pin rod, which is preferably made of steel and is particularly preferably galvanized or otherwise protected against corrosion. The eyelets are preferably arranged at the ends of all longitudinal bars. The eyelets are preferably particularly secure against unintentional bending by welding a rod end that is bent by more than 180° to form an eyelet.

The embankment structure according to the invention provides that a mat is arranged between the outer legs and the wire mesh. Surprisingly, it has been shown that such an embankment structure has particularly good sound-insulating and/or sound-absorbing properties.

The mat is arranged adjacent to the outer legs, so that the mat is not visually recognizable, so that the high-quality appearance of the embankment structure is not impaired.

According to the invention, the mat is formed from a sound-absorbing and/or sound-damping material. The mat can be made of a mineral material or a polymer material, for example polyester fibers, so it is particularly durable and cost-effective. The mat can be flexible or rigid depending on requirements, it is also possible that the mat is formed from layers of different materials.

Another embodiment of the embankment structure according to the invention provides that the air-side wire mesh is attached to the outer legs by means of a plurality of spacers, with an earth-side end of a spacer being connected to an air-side end of a spacer. Particularly preferably, the plurality, for example the total number, of spacers is connected on the ground side to a respective corresponding spacer. In this way, unwanted bulging of both the outer legs and the wire mesh can be prevented in a simple manner, so that both the outer legs and the wire mesh can be dimensioned smaller and therefore more cost-effective than in the prior art.

The connected ends of both the spacers and the respective corresponding spacers are preferably open hooks. This means that the ends can be connected to one another very easily, for example indirectly, by hooking these two ends into one and the same cross bar of an outer leg, i.e. into a horizontal bar of the steel grid in question and then optionally be bent further and thus closed so that, like the eyelets, they cannot be unintentionally unhooked.

Preferably, it is provided that end elements of adjacent layers of earth material arranged one above the other are connected to one another, with an upper edge of an upright leg of an angled steel grid preferably being connected to a lower edge of an upright leg of an angled steel grid of a next higher layer, preferably by means of closed ones Eyelets into which a horizontal pin is inserted.

An angled steel grid each has an inner leg, which is preferably to be laid essentially horizontally, and an upright outer leg connected to it. According to the invention, the inner and outer legs are each separate steel grids. An upright outer leg should be understood to mean not only a vertical leg, but also a leg that is angled relative to the inner leg. This makes it possible in a simple manner for a plurality of outer legs to initially form an earth-side attachment shell boundary, namely particularly preferably a closed, flat grid, so that a gabion-like construction can then be produced as a veneer shell after the construction of a further flat grid as an air-side attachment shell boundary. This gabion-like construction is a veneer shell in which individual closed cages, usually referred to as gabions, are not stacked or used in any other way, but in which stones are filled between two spaced boundaries. Such facing shell boundaries are welded steel grids, the bar spacing and/or mesh size of which is smaller than the diameter of the stones to be filled, with an air-side steel grid being or is preferably arranged parallel to a rear facing shell boundary with the aid of spacers. A floor grid is arranged at the base; A side boundary is arranged on the lateral, vertical edges, so that a veneer shell is formed into which suitable stones can be filled from above.

Another embodiment of the invention provides that the end element of each layer has a back anchor, whereby a particularly safe and/or particularly steep embankment structure can be built.

Preferably, the layers of earth and thus the back anchors running between them are arranged essentially horizontally. The connection between the back anchoring and the corresponding end element is achieved by placing the inner leg of angled steel grids serving as end elements on an air-side edge of a geosynthetic material serving as a back anchoring, so that as a result of the load of one or more layers of earth arranged over the overlap area formed in this way, a frictional connection occurs connection is created. The use of geosynthetics as anchors is a particularly efficient and cost-effective embodiment of the invention, since geosynthetics are particularly easy to lay. Alternatively or additionally, the use of gabion grids as anchoring is possible.

The visual appearance of an embankment structure according to the invention is particularly appealing; Such an embankment structure gives the impression of particularly high quality, since embankment structures built using gabions are usually produced as gravity walls, for which, according to the state of the art, particularly large, i.e. particularly deep, gabions would be required.

The invention provides that an air-side wire mesh connected to the outer legs forms an air-side attachment shell boundary. This air-side wire mesh is particularly preferably protected from corrosion, for example galvanized or provided with an aluminum-zinc coating, so that the construction in front is corrosion-resistant and therefore particularly durable.

A further embodiment of the invention provides that a cleanliness layer is arranged below the facing shell at the base of the embankment, making it particularly easy to produce and particularly easy to align. A replacement floor is preferably arranged below the cleanliness layer.

A further embodiment of the invention provides that a wind or soundproof fence and/or a wall made of conventional gabions is arranged on the top of the embankment. This means that the structural engineering effort can be significantly reduced compared to a usual embankment structure with the same sound attenuation.

The invention is explained in more detail below using exemplary embodiments.

• 1 eine Schnittdarstellung eines Böschungsbauwerks nach dem Stand der Technik,
• 2 eine ausschnittsweise Vergrößerung einer ersten Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Böschungsbauwerks,
• 3 einen separierten Ausschnitt aus vorgenannter Vergrößerung,
• 4 eine zugehörige Darstellung von Konstruktionselementen aus vorgenanntem Ausschnitt und
• 5 eine zugehörige Explosionsdarstellung.

To do this show:

• 1 a sectional view of an embankment structure according to the state of the art,
• 2 a partial enlargement of a first embodiment of an embankment structure according to the invention,
• 3 a separate section from the aforementioned enlargement,
• 4 an associated representation of construction elements from the aforementioned section and
• 5 an associated exploded view.

1 shows an embankment structure 1 according to the state of the art in a sectional view. In a known manner, an embankment is built according to the reinforced earth system, with easily compactable earth being piled up in several layers 2 on top of each other and each being compacted in layers. The height of the embankment structure 1 is slightly more than 5 m. End elements 3 are arranged on the air side of the embankment structure 1 shown on the left, with one end element 3 each closing off two layers 2 of earth on the air side. The end elements 3 are each formed from angled reinforcement mats. An angled reinforcement mat each has an inner, horizontally laid leg 3.2 and an upright outer leg 3.1. The inner, horizontally laid legs 3.2 are each connected to back anchors 4 directed into the earth, which are made of a geoplastic. The height of a closing element 3 corresponds to the thickness of two layers 2 of earth material; A back anchor 4 is arranged between two layers 2.

In front of the embankment constructed according to the reinforced earth system, a gabion-like construction is arranged as a facing shell A, so that the embankment structure 1 has a very attractive appearance, which corresponds to the appearance of a very complex gabion construction, although the actual construction of an earth reinforced according to the system is a very simple and therefore more cost-effective construction than a pure gabion construction with the same appearance. An area of plastic-reinforced earth B forms the statically effective area of the embankment structure 1 and an earth area C shown on the right, which is compacted in layers, is not reinforced.

The facing shell A can also be repaired, removed and designed later, as it is not part of the statically required construction of the embankment structure 1, namely the plastic-reinforced earth B.

At the foot of the embankment, a clean layer 8 made of lean concrete is arranged below the exposed wall, under which a replacement floor 9 is arranged. Cleanliness layer 8 and replacement floor 9 are statically dimensioned in such a way that no uncritical loads and/or deformations resulting from the load on the exposed wall are to be expected.

An optional wind protection fence 10 is arranged on the top of the embankment of the embankment structure 1. In addition to reducing wind damage in the area of the embankment crest, additional sound insulation can be achieved.

2 until 5 show details of the same embodiment of an embankment structure 1 according to the invention.

At the in 2 In the partial enlargement of the embodiment of an embankment structure according to the invention shown, the facing shell A designed as a gabion-like construction is shown. Outer legs 3.1 of the angled steel grids serving as end elements 3 form an earth-side attachment shell boundary and an air-side wire mesh 5 connected to the outer legs 3.1 forms an air-side attachment shell boundary. Stones 7 are filled between the outer legs 3.1 and the wire mesh 5, thereby forming a gabion-like construction.

The legs 3.1 and 3.2 made of steel grids as well as the elements of the wire grid 5, which are also made of steel grids, are dimensioned and manufactured according to a static requirement, i.e. welded and optionally protected against corrosion, for example galvanized or provided with an aluminum-zinc coating. In particular, the distances between the respective groups of preferably parallel rods are selected according to the respective static requirements and the intended minimum grain size of the stones 7 to be filled.

Each end element 3 includes an inner leg 3.2 in addition to an outer leg 3.1. An outer leg 3.1 and a corresponding inner leg 3.2 are each separate steel grids, which each have eyelets for connecting to one another at least at their connection point. Each outer leg 3.1 is a steel grid formed from upright bars and horizontal bars welded thereto. The upright rods are bent by more than 180° at the top and bottom and therefore have a closed eyelet at the top and bottom for connection, which is optionally fixed by spot welding. The connecting element used for this is later in the 3 , 4 and 5 shown.

To connect and fix the position of the outer legs 3.1 with the corresponding ones Inner legs 3.2, first spacers 3.3.1 and slightly longer second spacers 3.3.2 are arranged, the ends of which are each connected to an outer leg 3.1 and an inner leg 3.2, so that when the layer 2 of earth is introduced and in particular when compacted, the position of the earth material is fixed outer leg 3.1 remains unchanged.

The end elements 3 of layers 2 of earth material arranged one above the other are connected to one another in that an upper edge of an upright leg 3.1 is connected to the lower edge of an upright leg 3.1 of the next higher layer 2 by means of an eyelet. The lower edge also has eyelets. The connections formed in this way are also known as couplings and are particularly strong. The connecting element used for this is later in the 3 , 4 and 5 shown.

A closed grid is formed by a large number of outer legs 3.1 as an earth-side attachment shell boundary, to which the wire grid 5 is arranged, preferably parallel, at a distance of approximately 25 cm to 30 cm. It is also possible that this distance is less than 25 cm or greater than 30 cm. The angle of inclination here is more than 80°, for example 87°. Alternatively, the angle of inclination can also be smaller than 80°. It is also possible for the closed grid formed from the outer legs 3.1 to be flat, and because of the coupling produced by eyelets, it is also possible for different inclinations of the outer legs 3.1 to be provided in layers.

The air-side wire mesh 5 is attached to the outer legs 3.1 by means of a plurality of spacers 6. The distance between the spacers 6 is selected taking into account the dimensions of the air-side wire mesh 5 so that it does not bulge in a noticeable manner when stones 7 are filled in.

Each outer leg 3.1 is held in height at approximately its third point by hooking an air-side end of the first spacer 3.3.1 and the second spacer 3.3.2 into horizontal bars of the steel grid from which the outer leg 3.1 is formed.

An earth-side end of a spacer 6 is also hooked into the same horizontal rod of the outer leg 3.1 into which the air-side end of the first spacer 3.3.1 is hooked. An earth-side end of a spacer 6 is also hooked into the same horizontal rod of the outer leg 3.1 into which the air-side end of the second spacer 3.3.2 is hooked. This enables an optimal introduction of a tensile force from the spacers 6 via the spacers 3.3.1 and 3.3.2 into the inner leg 3.2, which is subject to the load of the layers 2 of compacted soil. This means that the entire construction can be made comparatively small, which is particularly cost-saving. It is therefore advantageous that the tensile force from the spacer 6 is introduced directly into a spacer 3.3.1 or 3.3.2; Preferably, in a plan view (not shown), a spacer 6 is arranged directly next to its corresponding spacer 3.3.1 or 3.3.2 and hooked into the same horizontal bar of the outer leg 3.1.

Within the outer legs 3.1, an optional fleece 11 is arranged over its entire height, which prevents fine particles from being washed out of the layers 2 of soil. For this purpose, each fleece 11 is also placed above each inner leg 3.2.

A polyester fiber insulation board is arranged as a mat 12 between the outer legs 3.1 and the wire mesh 5. The embankment structure 1 therefore has particularly good sound-absorbing and/or sound-damping properties, and because of the flexibility of the mat 12, the wire mesh 5 has a particularly low tendency to undesirable bulging. The mat 12 is arranged adjacent to the outer legs 3.1 so that it is not visually recognizable. This does not affect the high-quality appearance of the embankment structure 1.

3 shows an enlargement of a section of the in 2 shown construction, shown here are two layers 2 of 25 cm each, each as a bulk layer, this filling floor was installed in layers and compacted to a Proctor density of at least 103%.

A geosynthetic reinforcement is arranged as the back anchor 4, the distance between layers is 50 cm, i.e. twice the thickness of a layer 2. The length of a back envelope of the back anchor 4 is 1.5 m.

The fleece 11 is arranged between the legs 3.1 and 3.2 on the one hand and the geosynthetic reinforcement serving as back anchoring 4.

The wire mesh 5 is formed from comparatively narrow-meshed steel mesh, so that filled stones 7 can also be filled in smaller dimensions. The stones 7 have a smallest grain size, which corresponds to approximately 1.2 times the smallest bar spacing of the wire mesh 5. Lava or broken mineral grain or recycled material can be used as stones 7. That represents The wire mesh 5 is a one-piece, angled steel mesh, the upright leg of which has a smaller mesh size of 50 mm/100 mm than its horizontal leg of, for example, 100 mm/100 mm. This means that stones 7 are held at the front, but can be filled from top to bottom. The stones 7 are preferably filled in layers by pouring them in from above, depending on the progress of the installation of the elements of the wire mesh 5. The horizontal leg of the wire mesh 5 has eyelets on the ground side, for which ends of the rods in question are bent by more than 180 ° and spot-welded at an intersection point became. With these eyelets, the wire mesh 5 can be connected to analogously formed eyelets on the legs 3.1 and 3.1; A connecting rod 13 is used as a connecting element.

The mat 12 is installed in layers before the stones 7 are filled. The spacers 6 can penetrate the mat 12 or be arranged in areas of joints thereof.

4 and 5 show the metal elements of the in 3 shown construction, whereby 4 shows these elements in assembled condition and 5 is an exploded view. The lower eyelets of the outer legs 3.1, the air-side eyelets of the inner legs 3.2 and the earth-side eyelets of the wire mesh 5 are connected to one another by means of a plug rod 13 inserted into all of the mentioned eyelets. The upper end of the upright leg of the wire mesh 5 preferably has no eyelets, but rather a protrusion Ü compared to the next higher element. The projection Ü is preferably 2 to 5 cm. It is particularly advantageous that vertical mobility between wire grids 5 arranged one above the other is possible, which would not be possible if they were coupled using eyelets. An optional attachment of adjacent wire grids 5, i.e. a vertical connection of the same, which allows vertical displacement, can be done by means of a spiral.

REFERENCE SYMBOL LIST

1

embankment structure

2

Position

3

Closing element

3.1

outer leg

3.2

inner thigh

3.3.1

first spacer

3.3.2

second spacer

4

Re-anchoring

5

Wire mesh

6

Spacers

7

Stones

8th

Cleanliness layer

9

Replacement floor

10

Windbreak fence

11

fleece

12

mat

13

Stick

A

facing shell

b

plastic reinforced earth

C

Earth material area

Claims (9)

Embankment structure (1) with layers (2) of earth, each of which has an air-side end element (3), which are connected to back anchors (4) directed into the earth, with an attachment shell being arranged on the air side in front of the end elements (3), at least Parts of the facing shell are connected to end elements (3), the end elements (3) being angled steel grids, with end elements (3) of layers (2) of earth arranged adjacent one above the other being connected to one another, with outer legs (3.1) being used as end elements ( 3) serving angled steel grids form an earth-side attachment shell boundary, with an air-side wire mesh (5) connected to the outer legs (3.1) forming an air-side attachment shell boundary, the outer legs (3.1) and the air-side wire mesh (5) each being one over several layers ( 2) form a continuous surface, so that a gabion-like construction extending over several layers (2) is formed between the continuous surface and the wire mesh (5), with outer legs (3.1) and inner legs (3.2) of a closing element (3) each being separate Steel grids, which each have eyelets at least at their connection point, characterized in that a sound-absorbing and / or sound-damping mat (12) is arranged between the outer legs (3.1) and the wire grid (5), the mat (12) being attached to the outer legs (3.1) is arranged adjacently. Embankment structure (1). Claim 1 , characterized in that a closing element (3) comprises a number of spacers (3.3.1, 3.3.2), the ends of which are each connected to the outer leg (3.1) and the inner leg (3.2). Embankment structure (1). Claim 2 , characterized in that a number of first spacers (3.3.1) and a number of second spacers (3.3.2) are provided, the first spacers (3.3.1) having a shorter length than the second spacers (3.3.2). Embankment structure (1). Claim 2 or 3 , characterized in that at least some of the spacers (3.3.1, 3.3.2) are attached with an air-side end to the outer leg (3.1) between its upper end and its lower end. Embankment structure (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a lower end of an outer leg (3.1) and an air-side end of an inner leg (3.2) each have a number of closed eyelets. Embankment structure (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an upper end of an outer leg (3.1) has a number of closed eyelets. Embankment structure (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the mat (12) is a polyester fiber insulation board. Embankment structure (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the air-side wire mesh (5) is fastened to the outer legs (3.1) by means of a plurality of spacers (6), an earth-side end of a spacer (6) being connected to an air-side End of a spacer (3.3.1, 3.3.2) is connected. Embankment structure (1). Claim 8 , characterized in that the ends are open hooks.

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