EP2206836B1 - Sloping structure - Google Patents

Abstract

The embankment structure (1) has conclusion elements (3) arranged in adjacent layers (2) are connected by soil. The structure has an outer shank forming earth-lateral gabion delimitation as conclusion elements. The top margin of an upright outer shank of a bent armoring mat is arranged to outer side of a lower edge of upright outer shank.

Description

The invention relates to a slope structure according to the preamble of claim 1.

In the prior art, various embankment structures with layers of earth, each having an air-side closing element, which are connected to the earth-directed rear anchorages known. Such embankment structures are built according to a designated as plastic reinforced earth system, which is understood as a composite body of soil and a reinforcement. As reinforcement steel or plastic rods, friction bands, mats or grids made of geosynthetics are preferably used, which are preferably arranged horizontally.

To DE 200 11 791.2 U 1 is known embankment structure with plastic-reinforced earth, in which the earth-side area of the slope of horizontal layers is constructed, between which reinforcements made of geosynthetics, also called geosynthetics reinforcement, are arranged. In this case serving as a lost formwork angled reinforcing mats for fixing the lost formwork between leg surfaces of the angled reinforcing mats spacers are arranged. Such embankment structures are regularly greened on the air side, whereby a visually appealing appearance achieved and a reduction of erosion are possible. The arrangement of back-anchored geosynthetics results in a good stability and a good reasonability for this embankment structure.

A disadvantage is that the sustainability of such embankment structures long-term favoring greening requires regular control and therefore is expensive.

Out WO 2000/031 350 A1 and WO 2000/022 242 A1 are embankment structures with layers of earth known, with a gabion construction is arranged as a veneer wall as a veneer. In these known embankment structures, a closure element is arranged in each case for each layer of earth, which is formed from angled reinforcing mats in such a way that a single, closed gabion is formed on each end element on the air side. Thus, these known embankment structures have a plurality of separate, stacked gabions, wherein a gabion is provided for each layer of earth.

The invention is therefore an object of the invention to provide an improved embankment structure.

According to the invention the object is achieved with a slope structure, which has the features specified in claim 1.

Advantageous embodiments are the subject of the dependent claims.

The embankment structure according to the invention has layers of earth, each with air-side terminating elements, which are non-positively connected with return anchors directed into the earth. According to the invention, a sight wall is arranged on the air side in front of the end elements, at least parts of this sight wall being connected to end elements. As a result, the static construction of the generic embankment structure is additionally statically secured by the superior sight wall, so that the safety level of the embankment structure according to the invention over conventional generic embankment structures is increased. Particularly advantageous is the producible with a superior fair wall very appealing appearance, which corresponds to the appearance of a very complex fair-wall construction, while the actual construction is a very simple construction made by the system reinforced earth. It is also particularly advantageous that the superior sight wall can be repaired, removed and designed, since it is not part of the static design of the embankment structure.

An embodiment of the invention provides that terminating elements are part of the sight wall. As a result, effort and costs for the erection of the superior sight wall are further reduced.

According to the invention, the end elements are angled reinforcing mats, which can be produced in a particularly cost-effective manner and with individual cross-sections and geometries. Particularly preferably, in particular, the visible reinforcement mats are galvanized, so that they are permanently resistant to corrosion.

According to the invention, terminating elements are each connected adjacent to one another by layers of earth, wherein preferably one upper edge of an upright leg of an angled reinforcing mat is arranged outside a lower edge of an upright leg of an angled reinforcing mat of a next higher layer. An angled reinforcing mat has in each case an inner, preferably substantially horizontally to be laid leg and an upright outer leg. Under an upright outer leg is to be understood not only a vertical leg, but also an opposite the inner leg angled leg. This makes it possible in a simple manner that of a plurality of outer legs serving as closing elements angled reinforcement mats first an earth gabion boundary, namely particularly preferably a closed planar reinforcement mesh, form, so then after the establishment of another planar reinforcing mesh as the air side gabion a gabion construction can be arranged as a veneer. Such a veneer is a sight wall in the context of the invention. This gabion construction is a construction also referred to as semi-gabion, in which non-individual closed cages, each commonly referred to as gabions, are stacked or otherwise used, but stones are filled in between the two spaced gabion boundaries. Such gabion boundaries are usually reinforcing mats whose mesh size is smaller than the diameter of the stones to be filled, wherein an air-side reinforcing mat is preferably arranged by means of spacers parallel to a rear gabion boundary or is. At the foot of a gabion floor grid is arranged; at lateral, vertical edges a side boundary is arranged, so that a semi-gabion is formed, in which suitable stones are fillable.

Another embodiment of the invention provides that the end element of each layer has a back anchoring, whereby a particularly safe and / or very steep embankment structure can be built.

Preferably, the layers of soil and thus the rear anchorages extending therebetween are arranged substantially horizontally. The connection between the back anchoring and the corresponding terminating element is effected by placing the inner leg of angled reinforcing mats serving as terminating elements on an air-side edge of a geosynthetic material which serves as a back anchoring, so that a layer of earth material is disposed as a result of the loading of one or more layers of earth material arranged over the thus formed overlapping region frictional connection is created. The use of geosynthetics as back anchors is a particularly efficient and inexpensive embodiment of the invention, since geosynthetics are particularly easy to install.

According to the invention, it is provided that a gabion wall is arranged as the sight wall. The visual appearance of a thus designed embankment structure is particularly appealing; Such a slope structure gives the impression of particularly high quality, since usually built by means of gabions embankment structures are manufactured as heavyweight walls, which according to the prior art particularly large, that is particularly deep gabions would be required. In this case, upright legs of angled reinforcing mats serving as end elements form an earth-bound gabion boundary.

The invention provides that an air-side wire grid, in particular a reinforcement mat, connected to the outer legs forms an air-side gabion boundary. This air-side wire grid is particularly preferably galvanized, so that the gabion construction, which is in the form of a visible wall, is corrosion-resistant and therefore particularly durable.

A further embodiment of the invention provides that at the slope foot a cleanliness layer is arranged below the sight wall, whereby this is particularly easy to manufacture and very easy to align. Preferably, a replacement tray is arranged below the cleanliness layer.

A further embodiment of the invention provides that a wind or noise protection fence is arranged on the embankment crown. As a result, the structural complexity compared to a conventional embankment structure with the same sound attenuation can be significantly reduced.

The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to exemplary embodiments.

Figur 1

eine Schnittdarstellung eines erfindungsgemäßen Böschungsbauwerks,

Figur 2

eine ausschnittsweise Vergrößerung einer ersten Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Böschungsbauwerks und

Figur 3

eine ausschnittsweise Vergrößerung einer zweiten Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Böschungsbauwerks.

To show:

FIG. 1

a sectional view of a slope structure according to the invention,

FIG. 2

a partial enlargement of a first embodiment of a slope structure according to the invention and

FIG. 3

a partial enlargement of a second embodiment of a slope structure according to the invention.

FIG. 1 shows an embankment structure 1 according to the invention in a sectional view. In a known manner, an embankment is built according to the system of reinforced earth, with well compactable earth in several layers 2 piled one above the other and each was densified in layers. The height of the embankment structure 1 is just over 5 m. On the air side of the embankment structure 1 shown on the right are arranged end elements 3, wherein in each case one end element 3 closes two layers 2 of the air on the air side. The end elements 3 are each formed from angled reinforcing mats. An angled reinforcement mat has in each case an inner, horizontally laid leg and an upright outer leg. The inner, horizontally laid legs are each with in the earth-directed back anchors 4, which is formed from a geosynthetic, connected. The height of a closing element 3 corresponds to the thickness of two layers 2 of earth; in each case between two layers while a rear anchorage 4 is arranged.

In front of the system-reinforced soil, there is a gabion wall as a sight wall, so that the embankment 1 has a very pleasing appearance, which corresponds to the appearance of a very elaborate gabion construction, but the actual construction is a system-reinforced earth a very simple and thus cheaper manufactured construction, as a pure gabion construction with the same appearance.

The fact that the built as a superior gabion construction sight wall are connected to end elements 3, the stated advantages can be achieved by the fairway can be made very slim. The thickness of the sight wall is about 20 cm, whereby the embankment structure 1 according to the invention is comparatively inexpensive executable: The thickness of a gabion wall of a conventional gabion construction with the same appearance, ie where the viewing wall of gabions would be made as heavyweight wall, would significantly more than a meter amount and would be much more expensive to build.

The superior gabion design can also be later repaired, removed and designed, as it is not part of the static design of the embankment structure 1.

At the slope foot, a cleanliness layer 8 of lean concrete is arranged below the sight wall, under which a replacement tray 9 is arranged. The cleanliness layer 8 and the replacement bottom 9 are statically dimensioned such that no uncritical loads and / or deformations resulting from the load of the sight wall are to be expected.

On the embankment crown of the embankment 1 a windbreak fence 10 is arranged. This can be achieved in addition to a reduction of wind damage in the area of the embankment crown additional sound attenuation.

At the in FIG. 2 shown partial enlargement of a slope structure 1 according to the invention, a first embodiment of the designed as Gabionenwand sight wall is shown. Outer limbs 3.1 of angled reinforcing mats serving as end elements 3 form an earth-side gabion boundary and an air-side wire lattice 5 connected to the outer limbs 3.1 forms an air-side gabion boundary. Between the outer legs 3.1 and the wire grid 5 stones 7 are filled, whereby a gabion is formed.

For stiffening the angled reinforcing mats spacers 3.3 are arranged, whose ends are each connected to an outer leg 3.1 and an inner leg 3.2 of the bent reinforcing mat, so that upon insertion and in particular during the compression of the layer 2 of earth bending of the angled reinforcing mat is prevented.

The end elements 3 of layers 2 of earth arranged one above the other are connected to one another, in each case an upper edge of an upright leg 3.1 of an angled reinforcing mat being arranged directly next to a lower edge of an upright leg 3.1 of an angled reinforcement mat of the next higher layer 2. The overlapping areas formed in this way are connected to one another in a manner not shown here by means of tie wire. As a result, a flat, closed reinforcement mesh is formed by a plurality of outer legs 3.1 as the earth-side gabion boundary, to which the wire mesh 5 is arranged running parallel at a distance of approximately 20 cm.

The air-side wire grid 5 is fixed by means of a plurality of spacers 6 on the outer legs 3.1. The distance between the spacers 6 with each other taking into account the dimensioning of the air-side wire grid 5 chosen so that it does not bulge in a recognizable manner when filling stones 7.

Within the outer leg 3.1, a fleece 11 is arranged over its entire height, which prevents fines from the layers 2 are washed out by the soil. For this purpose, each fleece 11 is also placed above each of each inner leg 3.2 of the angled reinforcing mat.

FIG. 3 shows a modification of the in FIG. 2 illustrated gabion wall. The end elements 3 of superposed layers 2 of soil are not interconnected here, but each an upper edge of an upright leg 3.1 an angled reinforcement mat runs spaced below the lower edge of an upright leg 3.1 of the angled reinforcing mat of the next higher layer 2. This is from a plurality of outer legs 3.1 also formed a flat reinforcement mesh as Erddegion gabion boundary, which is not closed, but open. This spaced training allows a specific, limited settlement behavior of the generic structure. Especially before the filling of stones 7, the layers 2 of soil can sit together with the respective angled reinforcing mats, with the said distances decreasing.

The variant shown here also allows the formation of horizontal offsets, not shown here; This makes it possible to construct a sight wall as a gabion wall, which gives the appearance that there are horizontal plane-wise offset gabions one above the other. An embankment structure 1 designed in this way can give the impression of a gabion wall designed as a heavy-weight wall, in which very large gabions are staggered over one another.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

inclined structure

2

location

3

termination element
3.1 outer thigh
3.2 inner thigh
3.3 spacers

4

back anchoring

5

wire mesh

6

spacer

7

stones

8th

subbase

9

exchange floor

10

Windbreak

Claims (9)

1. Slope structure (1) having layers (2) of soil substance, each presenting an upstream terminating element (3), which are connected to rear anchorings (4) directed into the soil substance, while a face stonework is arranged on the downstream side in front of the terminating elements (3), while at least parts of the face stonework are connected with terminating elements (3), while the terminating elements (3) are angled reinforcement bar mats, and while a gabion structure is arranged as a facing layer to form the face stonework,
   characterized in that terminating elements (3) each of neighbouring layers (2) of soil substance are connected to one another, in that external legs (3.1) of angled reinforcement bar mats serving as terminating elements (3) form an earth-side gabion limit while one border each of an upright external leg end (3.1) of an angled reinforcement bar is arranged outside of a lower border of an upright external leg (3.1) of a next higher angled reinforcement bar mat,
   and in that a wire mesh (5) connected to the external legs (3.1) forms a downstream gabion limit,
   while the external legs (3.1) and the downstream wire mesh (5) each form an area continuous over several layers (2) such that a gabion extending over various layers is formed between the continuous area and the wire mesh (5).
2. Slope structure (1) as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that terminating elements (3) are components of the face stonework.
3. Slope structure (1) as claimed in any preceding claim, characterized in that the terminating element (3) of every layer presents a rear anchoring (4).
4. Slope structure (1) as claimed in any preceding claim, characterized in that the layers (2) have an essentially horizontal arrangement.
5. Slope structure (1) as claimed in any preceding claim, characterized in that geosynthetics are arranged as rear anchoring (4).
6. Slope structure (1) as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that, to establish a non-positive connection between rear anchorings (4) and terminating elements (3), internal legs (3.2) of angled reinforcement bar mats are arranged so as to overlap with a downstream border of a geosynthetic.
7. Slope structure (1) as claimed in any preceding claim, characterized in that a base course (8) is arranged at the slope toe beneath the face stonework.
8. Slope structure (1) as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that a borrow backfill (9) is arranged under the base course (8).
9. Slope structure (1) as claimed in any preceding claim, characterized in that a wind break fence (10) is arranged on a slope top.

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